Mediterranean Cyclones: Current Knowledge and Open Questions On
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Bat Conservation 2021
Bat Conservation Global evidence for the effects of interventions 2021 Edition Anna Berthinussen, Olivia C. Richardson & John D. Altringham Conservation Evidence Series Synopses 2 © 2021 William J. Sutherland This document should be cited as: Berthinussen, A., Richardson O.C. and Altringham J.D. (2021) Bat Conservation: Global Evidence for the Effects of Interventions. Conservation Evidence Series Synopses. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Cover image: Leucistic lesser horseshoe bat Rhinolophus hipposideros hibernating in a former water mill, Wales, UK. Credit: Thomas Kitching Digital material and resources associated with this synopsis are available at https://www.conservationevidence.com/ 3 Contents Advisory Board.................................................................................... 11 About the authors ............................................................................... 12 Acknowledgements ............................................................................. 13 1. About this book ........................................................... 14 1.1 The Conservation Evidence project ................................................................................. 14 1.2 The purpose of Conservation Evidence synopses ............................................................ 14 1.3 Who this synopsis is for ................................................................................................... 15 1.4 Background ..................................................................................................................... -
Rapid Intensification of a Sheared Tropical Storm
OCTOBER 2010 M O L I N A R I A N D V O L L A R O 3869 Rapid Intensification of a Sheared Tropical Storm JOHN MOLINARI AND DAVID VOLLARO Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York (Manuscript received 10 February 2010, in final form 28 April 2010) ABSTRACT A weak tropical storm (Gabrielle in 2001) experienced a 22-hPa pressure fall in less than 3 h in the presence of 13 m s21 ambient vertical wind shear. A convective cell developed downshear left of the center and moved cyclonically and inward to the 17-km radius during the period of rapid intensification. This cell had one of the most intense 85-GHz scattering signatures ever observed by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). The cell developed at the downwind end of a band in the storm core. Maximum vorticity in the cell exceeded 2.5 3 1022 s21. The cell structure broadly resembled that of a vortical hot tower rather than a supercell. At the time of minimum central pressure, the storm consisted of a strong vortex adjacent to the cell with a radius of maximum winds of about 10 km that exhibited almost no tilt in the vertical. This was surrounded by a broader vortex that tilted approximately left of the ambient shear vector, in a similar direction as the broad precipitation shield. This structure is consistent with the recent results of Riemer et al. The rapid deepening of the storm is attributed to the cell growth within a region of high efficiency of latent heating following the theories of Nolan and Vigh and Schubert. -
Portugal – an Atlantic Extreme Weather Lab
Portugal – an Atlantic extreme weather lab Nuno Moreira ([email protected]) 6th HIGH-LEVEL INDUSTRY-SCIENCE-GOVERNMENT DIALOGUE ON ATLANTIC INTERACTIONS ALL-ATLANTIC SUMMIT ON INNOVATION FOR SUSTAINABLE MARINE DEVELOPMENT AND THE BLUE ECONOMY: FOSTERING ECONOMIC RECOVERY IN A POST-PANDEMIC WORLD 7th October 2020 Portugal in the track of extreme extra-tropical storms Spatial distribution of positions where rapid cyclogenesis reach their minimum central pressure ECMWF ERA 40 (1958-2000) Events per DJFM season: Source: Trigo, I., 2006: Climatology and interannual variability of storm-tracks in the Euro-Atlantic sector: a comparison between ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalyses. Climate Dynamics volume 26, pages127–143. Portugal in the track of extreme extra-tropical storms Spatial distribution of positions where rapid cyclogenesis reach their minimum central pressure Azores and mainland Portugal On average: 1 rapid cyclogenesis every 1 or 2 wet seasons ECMWF ERA 40 (1958-2000) Events per DJFM season: Source: Trigo, I., 2006: Climatology and interannual variability of storm-tracks in the Euro-Atlantic sector: a comparison between ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalyses. Climate Dynamics volume 26, pages127–143. … affected by sting jets of extra-tropical storms… Example of a rapid cyclogenesis with a sting jet over mainland 00:00 UTC, 23 Dec 2009 Source: Pinto, P. and Belo-Pereira, M., 2020: Damaging Convective and Non-Convective Winds in Southwestern Iberia during Windstorm Xola. Atmosphere, 11(7), 692. … affected by sting jets of extra-tropical storms… Example of a rapid cyclogenesis with a sting jet over mainland Maximum wind gusts: Official station 140 km/h Private station 00:00 UTC, 23 Dec 2009 203 km/h (in the most affected area) Source: Pinto, P. -
Weather Forecasting and to the Measuring Weather Data, Instruments, and Science That Make Forecasting Accurate
Delta Science Reader WWeathereather ForecastingForecasting Delta Science Readers are nonfiction student books that provide science background and support the experiences of hands-on activities. Every Delta Science Reader has three main sections: Think About . , People in Science, and Did You Know? Be sure to preview the reader Overview Chart on page 4, the reader itself, and the teaching suggestions on the following pages. This information will help you determine how to plan your schedule for reader selections and activity sessions. Reading for information is a key literacy skill. Use the following ideas as appropriate for your teaching style and the needs of your students. The After Reading section includes an assessment and writing links. VERVIEW Students will O understand the main factors that cause The Delta Science Reader Weather weather and produce weather changes Forecasting introduces students to the learn about the various instruments for world of weather forecasting and to the measuring weather data, instruments, and science that make forecasting accurate. Students will explore identify some of the elements of severe the six main weather factors—temperature, weather, and distinguish between weather air pressure, wind, humidity, precipitation, and climate and cloudiness—as well as discover the discuss the function of nonfiction text difference between weather and climate. elements such as the table of contents, The book also contains a biographical headings, tables, captions, and glossary sketch of tornado expert Tetsuya Theodore Fujita and information about two other kinds interpret photographs and graphics— of weather scientists: climatologists and diagrams, illustrations, weather maps— hurricane hunters. Students will find out to answer questions how a weather satellite works and how complete a KWL chart to track new different types of winds get their names. -
Rapid Intensification of DOI:10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0134.1 Hurricanes Is Particularly Problematic
WILL GLOBAL WARMING MAKE HURRICANE FORECASTING MORE DIFFICULT? KERRY EMANUEL As the climate continues to warm, hurricanes may intensify more rapidly just before striking land, making hurricane forecasting more difficult. ince 1971, tropical cyclones have claimed about cyclone damage, rising on average 6% yr–1 in inflation- 470,000 lives, or roughly 10,000 lives per year, and adjusted U.S. dollars between 1970 and 2015 (CRED S caused 700 billion U.S. dollars in damages globally 2016). Thus, appreciable increases in forecast skill and/ (CRED 2016). Mortality is strongly dominated by a or decreases of vulnerability, for example, through small number of extremely lethal events; for example, better preparedness, building codes, and evacuation just three storms caused more than 56% of the tropical procedures, will be required to avoid increases in cyclone–related deaths in the United States since 1900. cyclone-related casualties. Tropical cyclone mortality and injury have been Unfortunately, there has been little improvement reduced by improved forecasts and preparedness, espe- in tropical cyclone intensity forecasts over the period cially in developed countries (Arguez and Elsner 2001; from 1990 to the present (DeMaria et al. 2014). While Peduzzi et al. 2012), but through much of the world hurricane track forecasts using numerical prediction this has been offset by large changes in coastal popula- models have steadily improved, there has been only tions. For example, Peduzzi et al. (2012) estimate that slow improvement in forecasts of intensity by these the global population exposed to tropical cyclone same models. Reasons for this include stiff resolu- hazards increased by almost threefold between 1970 tion requirements for the numerical simulations of and 2010, and they project this trend to continue for tropical cyclone intensity (Rotunno et al. -
Imagine2014 8B3 02 Gehrke
Loss Adjustment via Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) – Experiences and Challenges for Crop Insurance Thomas Gehrke, Regional Director Berlin, Resp. for International Affairs Loss Adjustment via UAS - Experiences and 20.10.2014 1 Challenges for Crop Insurance Structure 1. Introduction – Demo 2. Vereinigte Hagel – Market leader in Europe 3. Precision Agriculture – UAS 4. Crop insurance – Loss adjustment via UAS 5. Challenges and Conclusion Loss Adjustment via UAS - Experiences and Challenges for Crop Insurance 20.10.2014 2 Introduction – Demo Short film (not in pdf-file) Loss Adjustment via UAS - Experiences and Challenges for Crop Insurance 20.10.2014 3 Structure 1. Introduction – Demo 2. Vereinigte Hagel – Market leader in Europe 3. Precision Agriculture – UAS 4. Crop insurance – Loss adjustment via UAS 5. Challenges and Conclusion Loss Adjustment via UAS - Experiences and Challenges for Crop Insurance 20.10.2014 4 190 years of experience Secufarm® 1 Hail * Loss Adjustment via UAS - Experiences and Challenges for Crop Insurance 20.10.2014 5 2013-05-09, Hail – winter barley Loss Adjustment via UAS - Experiences and Challenges for Crop Insurance 20.10.2014 6 … and 4 weeks later Loss Adjustment via UAS - Experiences and Challenges for Crop Insurance 20.10.2014 7 Our Line of MPCI* Products PROFESSIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT is crucial part of modern agriculture. With Secufarm® products, farmers can decide individually which agricultural Secufarm® 6 crops they would like to insure against ® Fire & Drought which risks. Secufarm 4 Frost Secufarm® 3 Storm & Intense Rain Secufarm® 1 certain crop types are eligible Hail only for Secufarm 1 * MPCI: Multi Peril Crop Insurance Loss Adjustment via UAS - Experiences and Challenges for Crop Insurance 20.10.2014 8 Insurable Damages and their Causes Hail Storm Frost WEATHER RISKS are increasing further. -
Program At-A-Glance
Sunday, 29 September 2019 Dinner (6:30–8:00 PM) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Monday, 30 September 2019 Breakfast (7:00–8:00 AM) Session 1: Extratropical Cyclone Structure and Dynamics: Part I (8:00–10:00 AM) Chair: Michael Riemer Time Author(s) Title 8:00–8:40 Spengler 100th Anniversary of the Bergen School of Meteorology Paper Raveh-Rubin 8:40–9:00 Climatology and Dynamics of the Link Between Dry Intrusions and Cold Fronts and Catto Tochimoto 9:00–9:20 Structures of Extratropical Cyclones Developing in Pacific Storm Track and Niino 9:20–9:40 Sinclair and Dacre Poleward Moisture Transport by Extratropical Cyclones in the Southern Hemisphere 9:40–10:00 Discussion Break (10:00–10:30 AM) Session 2: Jet Dynamics and Diagnostics (10:30 AM–12:10 PM) Chair: Victoria Sinclair Time Author(s) Title Breeden 10:30–10:50 Evidence for Nonlinear Processes in Fostering a North Pacific Jet Retraction and Martin Finocchio How the Jet Stream Controls the Downstream Response to Recurving 10:50–11:10 and Doyle Tropical Cyclones: Insights from Idealized Simulations 11:10–11:30 Madsen and Martin Exploring Characteristic Intraseasonal Transitions of the Wintertime Pacific Jet Stream The Role of Subsidence during the Development of North American 11:30–11:50 Winters et al. Polar/Subtropical Jet Superpositions 11:50–12:10 Discussion Lunch (12:10–1:10 PM) Session 3: Rossby Waves (1:10–3:10 PM) Chair: Annika Oertel Time Author(s) Title Recurrent Synoptic-Scale Rossby Wave Patterns and Their Effect on the Persistence of 1:10–1:30 Röthlisberger et al. -
Medicane Zorbas)
Research Collection Journal Article How an uncertain short-wave perturbation on the North Atlantic wave guide affects the forecast of an intense Mediterranean cyclone (Medicane Zorbas) Author(s): Portmann, Raphael; González-Alemán, Juan Jesús; Sprenger, Michael; Wernli, Heini Publication Date: 2020-10-19 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000456727 Originally published in: Weather and Climate Dynamics 1(2), http://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-1-597-2020 Rights / License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library Weather Clim. Dynam., 1, 597–615, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-1-597-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. How an uncertain short-wave perturbation on the North Atlantic wave guide affects the forecast of an intense Mediterranean cyclone (Medicane Zorbas) Raphael Portmann1, Juan Jesús González-Alemán2, Michael Sprenger1, and Heini Wernli1 1ETH Zurich, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Zurich, Switzerland 2Complutense University of Madrid, Department of Earth Physics and Astrophysics, Madrid, Spain Correspondence: Raphael Portmann ([email protected]) Received: 22 August 2019 – Discussion started: 28 August 2019 Revised: 15 September 2020 – Accepted: 25 September 2020 – Published: 19 October 2020 Abstract. Mediterranean cyclogenesis is known to be fre- ment of the PV streamer in more than a third of the ensem- quently linked to ridge building over the North Atlantic and ble members resulted in a very different cyclone scenario. subsequent anticyclonic Rossby wave breaking over Europe. -
CIRA ANNUAL REPORT FY 2014/2015 (Reporting Period July 1, 2014 – March 31, 2015)
CIRA ANNUAL REPORT FY 2014/2015 (Reporting Period July 1, 2014 – March 31, 2015) COOPERATIVE INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH IN THE ATMOSPHERE DIRECTOR’S MESSAGE The Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (CIRA) at Colorado State University (CSU) is one of a number of cooperative institutes (CIs) that support NOAA’s mission. Although this mission continues to evolve, there continue to be strong reasons for partnering between NOAA and the fundamental research being done in the University environment and the students it entrains into NOAA’s mission. Strengthening these ties in satellite remote sensing and regional/global weather and climate prediction, as well as application development, education/training, data assimilation, and data distribution technology make CIRA a valuable asset to NOAA. As the Director of CIRA, I have tried to do everything possible to strengthen CIRA’s ties not only among CSU’s Department of Atmospheric Science, the College of Engineering, and the University, but also the ties among the different groups within CIRA that now covers researchers in Fort Collins and College Park associated with NESDIS, researchers in Boulder working closely with OAR and researchers in Kansas City working with the National Weather Service. With a renewed emphasis on interactions and joint initiatives, we are expanding our collaboration to bring more satellite data to bear upon model evaluations such as we are doing with the High Impact Weather Prediction Project or our new Data Assimilation that are bringing the satellite knowledge gained at the Fort Collins facility to bear on CIRA’s Boulder and College Park groups. With this, we hope to fulfill the promise of being the conduit for developing ground breaking research to address socially-relevant problems that face NOAA and our society today as well as to help train a new workforce that has a broader perspective needed to continue developing decision support tools guided by scientific advances. -
An Examination of the Mesoscale Environment of the James Island Memorial Day Tornado
19.6 AN EXAMINATION OF THE MESOSCALE ENVIRONMENT OF THE JAMES ISLAND MEMORIAL DAY TORNADO STEVEN B. TAYLOR NOAA/NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE FORECAST OFFICE CHARLESTON, SC 1. INTRODUCTION conditions also induced weak cyclogenesis along the front near the vicinity of KVDI. By 1200 UTC A cluster of severe thunderstorms the surface low was located between KNBC and moved across portions of south coastal South KCHS. This low and its influences on the Carolina during the early morning hours of 30 kinematic environment as well as the eventual May 2006. Around 1135 UTC, a severe position of the surface frontal boundary will prove thunderstorm spawned an F-1 tornado in the to be the main contributing factors leading to the James Island community of Charleston, SC. The development of the James Island tornado. tornado produced wind and structural damage as it moved rapidly NE through several residential neighborhoods. The tornado was on the ground for approximately 0.1 mi before it emerged into the Atlantic Ocean as a large waterspout near the entrance to the Charleston Harbor. Timely tornado warnings were issued by the NOAA/National Weather Service Forecast Office (WFO) in Charleston, SC (CHS), despite the event occurring during a climatologically rare time of day. This study will concentrate on the mesoscale factors that supported the genesis of the tornado and its parent severe thunderstorm. Radar data generated by the KCLX WSR-88D will also be presented. 2. SYNOPTIC ENVIRONMENT The synoptic environment supported the development of scattered convective precipitation Fig 1. Map of eastern SC/GA across much of the coastal areas of the Carolinas and Georgia. -
Initial Operation at CT2 of Hamad Port to Begin in Dec 44.2%
QDB, Kuwaiti Regragui national upbeat as Al fund hold Duhail take dialogue on Persepolis session in crucial tie Business | 01 Sport | 12 MONDAY 21 SEPTEMBER 2020 4 SAFAR - 1442 VOLUME 25 NUMBER 8387 www.thepeninsula.qa 2 RIYALS Enjoy Ooredoo’s fast 5G network Amir to participate in 75th session of UNGA Initial operation at CT2 of QNA — DOHA Hamad Port to begin in Dec Amir H H Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani is taking THE PENINSULA — DOHA part in the meetings of the Full operation of Phases 1 & 2 will start before the end of 2022, 75th session of the United The initial operation of Hamad taking the port’s capacity to three million TEUs per year. Nations General Assembly Port’s Container Terminal 2 and the High-Level meeting (CT2) is set to begin this The area of Phases 1 & 2 of Hamad Port’s CT2 is 380,000sqm to commemorate the 75th December for container and its quay is 624 metres long. anniversary of the United handling, announced the Nations, which will be held Ministry of Transport and Phase 1 of CT2 has been equipped with 3 STS quay cranes with at the UN headquarters in Communications, yesterday. advanced technology, including semi-automation and New York, the United States CT2 development consists of remote-control operations. of America, via videocon- four phases. Full operation of ference. Phase 1 & 2 will start before the end All materials used in the works of infrastructure, H H the Amir will deliver of 2022, taking the port’s capacity preparations and construction at CT2 are made in a speech at the High-Level to 3 million TEUs per year. -
The Effects of Diabatic Heating on Upper
THE EFFECTS OF DIABATIC HEATING ON UPPER- TROPOSPHERIC ANTICYCLOGENESIS by Ross A. Lazear A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences) at the UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN - MADISON 2007 i Abstract The role of diabatic heating in the development and maintenance of persistent, upper- tropospheric, large-scale anticyclonic anomalies in the subtropics (subtropical gyres) and middle latitudes (blocking highs) is investigated from the perspective of potential vorticity (PV) non-conservation. The low PV within blocking anticyclones is related to condensational heating within strengthening upstream synoptic-scale systems. Additionally, the associated convective outflow from tropical cyclones (TCs) is shown to build upper- tropospheric, subtropical anticyclones. Not only do both of these large-scale flow phenomena have an impact on the structure and dynamics of neighboring weather systems, and consequently the day-to-day weather, the very persistence of these anticyclones means that they have a profound influence on the seasonal climate of the regions in which they exist. A blocking index based on the meridional reversal of potential temperature on the dynamic tropopause is used to identify cases of wintertime blocking in the North Atlantic from 2000-2007. Two specific cases of blocking are analyzed, one event from February 1983, and another identified using the index, from January 2007. Parallel numerical simulations of these blocking events, differing only in one simulation’s neglect of the effects of latent heating of condensation (a “fake dry” run), illustrate the importance of latent heating in the amplification and wave-breaking of both blocking events.