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Map 63 Ancyra Compiled by S Map 63 Ancyra Compiled by S. Mitchell, 1997 Introduction The map covers the southern and eastern parts of Galatia, the treeless central Anatolian plateau (known as the Axylon), northern Lycaonia and the western part of Cappadocia. It includes three major cities: Pteria in the north-east; Ancyra in the north-west; and Caesarea in the south-east. Pteria, an enormous though short-lived Median city, founded by Alyattes c. 585 B.C. but destroyed by Croesus virtually within a generation, has now been convincingly identified with the vast Iron Age site on Kerkenes Dağ. Ancyra and Caesarea, by contrast, developed and flourished in Roman times and have remained major centers up to the present. The western part of the map covers the central Anatolian basin from eastern Phrygia to the Salt Lake (Tatta Lacus). This region of villages and large estates (Mitchell 1993 I, 149-58 with map) was explored above all by W.M. Ramsay, W.M. Calder and their associates (MAMA 1 and 7; Mitchell 1982); the inscriptions which they discovered contribute a substantial proportion of the toponyms located here. The ecology and geography of the region are the subject of H. Wenzel’s brilliant monograph, Die Steppe als Lebensraum (1937). The drainage systems in the south-east are internal, leading to the Salt Lake. The extent of this shallow lake is immensely variable, depending on the season and current rainfall levels. The eastern part of the map belongs to the basin of the R. Halys. Cappadocia, noted for its churches and cave refuges, came into its own in Late Antiquity and the Byzantine period. Most of its famous Byzantine sites are first attested by sources of the middle and later Byzantine periods, but three major centers of that date (Malakopea, Korama, Salanda) are marked because they have yielded some evidence for occupation in Late Antiquity. Much of the region west of Caesarea was occupied by a Greek-speaking population up to the beginning of the twentieth century, and the ancient toponymy has survived in modern place names. Apart from inscriptions and modern survivals of ancient toponymy, the principal information about the region’s topography comes from Strabo, Pliny, Ptolemy and the itineraries. Strabo and Pliny, drawing on Hellenistic or early imperial sources, provide (inadequate) evidence for the settlements and regional divisions of central Anatolia before the construction of a road network during the Roman Empire. An understanding of the Roman and Late Roman topography depends on a grasp of how the Roman road system functioned. Major contributions to this understanding have been made by Calder in MAMA 7, Ballance (1958), French (1974; 1981) and Hild (1977), but numerous uncertainties remain to be clarified. Many places listed in Ptolemy, some of them repeated in the confused itineraries of TabPeut, have yet to be located. The routes followed by the ancient roads can often be fixed with more confidence than the location of the road stations along them. My policy has been to indicate the approximate locations of these road stations, even when a site has yet to be firmly identified. Two systematic attempts to reconstruct the ancient topography of central Anatolia have been published, by W. Ruge in his entries for RE, and by TIB. When Ruge wrote his articles, most of the locations were unknown. His discussions have therefore now usually been superseded by the corresponding entries in TIB Kappadokien (1981), Galatien (1984), Paphlagonien (1996) and Phrygien (1990), all of which incorporate the results of much recent field work. They are accordingly preferred as standard references in the Directory. MAP 63 ANCYRA 977 Directory All place names are in Turkey Abbreviations TIB Galatien K. Belke, Tabula Imperii Byzantini 4, Galatien und Lykaonien, DenkWien 172, 1984 TIB Kappadokien F. Hild and M. Restle, Tabula Imperii Byzantini 2, Kappadokien (Kappadokia, Charsianon, Sebasteia und Lykandos), DenkWien 149, 1981 TIB Paphlagonien K. Belke, Tabula Imperii Byzantini 9, Paphlagonien und Honorias, DenkWien 249, 1996 TIB Phrygien K. Belke and N. Mersich, Tabula Imperii Byzantini 7, Phrygien und Pisidien,DenkWien211, 1990 Names Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference C2 Aliassum L probably at Avşar French 1981, 31, 115; TIB Galatien 120-21 B1 Ancyra HRL Ankara RE Ankyra 1; TIB Galatien 126-30 F4 Andabalis RL Yeniköy, formerly Eski TIB Kappadokien 140-41 Andaval A3 *Andeira R near Sarıkaya MAMA 7.373 D2 Andraka/ R/ Keles Hüyük French 1981, 30; TIB Galatien 126 Andrapa L Ptol. 5.6.11 B1 *Androna R probably at Topaklı Mitchell 1982.230 § Andros R Ptol. 5.4.5; TIB Galatien 236 §Aneros R § Androsia R Ptol. 5.4.7 C4 *Anzoulada L probably at Oğuzeli TIB Galatien 131 B2 *Area R Canımana Mitchell 1982.295 E2 Aquae Saravenae L Kırşehir TIB Kappadokien 143-44 A4 *Aralla R Atlandı? TIB Galatien 135-36 G3 Archalla See Map 64 G3 Argaeus M. See Map 64 E4 Arg(ai)os M. L Hasan Dağ RE Argos 6; TIB Kappadokien 136-38, 149 § Argeiopolis M. L E3 Argustana L Yeniyuva, formerly French 1981, 30 Nurgüz E4 Arianzos L probably at Sivrihisar TIB Kappadokien 150-51 E3 Asiana/ R/ perhaps at Göstesin TIB Kappadokien 250-52 Osiena L C2 Aspona RL Sarıhüyük TIB Galatien 135 A2 Axylon H Haymana district RE Axylos H1 Azapbaşlı See Map 64 A2 Bagrum L Yüzükbaşı? RE; Calder 1957 Fd F4 [*Balbissa] L Yaylaköy, formerly Valisa TIB Kappadokien 156 A4 [Bardaetta] L Sarayönü TIB Phrygien 205 G2 Basilika Therma L Terzili Hamam TIB Kappadokien 156-57 C1 Bolecasgus R Yeşildere Yaylası? TIB Galatien 104-105 E4 Borissos L perhaps Sofular, formerly TIB Kappadokien 159 Sorsovu B3 Bulduk RL village site TIB Galatien 148 B4 Caballucome L perhaps at Kulak Murat TIB Galatien 149 Han E4 Caena L perhaps at Uluören TIB Kappadokien 160; Schneider 1996, 20 Caesarea = Mazaka A2 Çanakçı H Galatian stronghold, Mitchell 1982, 27 possibly Cuballum E4 Cappadocia See Map 64 E1 Cappadox? fl. See Map 86 978 MAP 63 ANCYRA Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference B1 Cenaxis Palus L Macun Çiftlik? near French 1981, 31; TIB Galatien 151 Etimesgut D2 Cham(m)anene HRL TIB Kappadokien 163 B3 Cıhanbeylı RL estate center MAMA I, xvi; VII, xxii-xxvii F4 Chusa L probably at Yazıköy French 1981, 30 Claudia Archelais = Garsaura Claudiolaodicea = Laodikeia (Katakekaumene) Col. Claudia Archelais = Garsaura C4 Comitanassus L Ortakuyu TIB Galatien 153 Congussus = Kongoustos F1 Corniaspa RL E Yozgat TIB Kappadokien 215-16 F4 Dasmenda/ R/ Ovacık, formerly TIB Kappadokien 170 [Dasmendron] L Semendre Dilimnia = Delemna F4 Diokaisareia RL Til, formerly Kaysar TIB Kappadokien 171 B1 Delemna/ L/ Gölçük? TIB Galatien 158 Dilimnia L E4 Doara L Duvarlı TIB Kappadokien 171 D1 Ecobrogis/ R/ area of Sorsovus TIB Galatien 104-105 Eccobriga L B3 Ekdaumaua/ R/ Çeşmelisebil RE; TIB Galatien 166 Egdava L § Gdanmaa L G4 Enehil RL necropolis, churches TIB Kappadokien 174 G2 Euaissa L perhaps at Yoğunhisar TIB Kappadokien 176 Eusebeia = Mazaka Foroba? = Sibora B1 Galatia HRL central Asia Minor RE C2 Galea L near Büyük Bıyık TIB Galatien 165 B1 Gallograecia HRL Galatia RE Gallograeci E4 Garsaura/ H/ Aksaray TIB Kappadokien 207 Col. Claudia Archelais/ R/ Koloneia L D4 Garsauria R TIB Kappadokien 207 § Garsauritis A1 Girmeç HL Galatian and Byzantine TIB Galatien 169 stronghold B1 Gorbeus HRL SE Oğulbey TIB Galatien 171 B2 Güzelce Kale HRL Galatian and Byzantine TIB Galatien 172-73 stronghold F3 [Hagios Prokopios] L Ürgüp TIB Kappadokien 263 C1 Halys fl. See Map 87 B1 Hisarlıkaya H Galatian fortress Mitchell 1982, 26 E4 Iustinianoupolis/ L/ Vıranşehir TIB Kappadokien 238-39 Mokissos L Iustinianoupolis Nova = Kamoulianai G3 Kamoulianai/ RL/ probably Emmiler near TIB Kappadokien 197-98 Iustinianoupolis Nova L Kemer G3 Kampai? RL perhaps at Boğazköprü RE; French 1974 E4 Kanotala L Ayaşlı, formerly Genedala TIB Kappadokien 198 MAP 63 ANCYRA 979 Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference E2 Karakurthamamı HRL settlement with hot TIB Kappadokien 199-200 springs E4 Karbala L Güzelyurt, formerly TIB Kappadokien 200-201 Gelveri H4 Karmalas? fl. See Map 67 E4 Keçikalesi HRL also known as Çukurkent; TIB Kappadokien 167; Schneider 1996, 20 stronghold, possibly ancient Argos? A3 *Keissia R Kolu Kisa MAMA 1.302 B2 Kerpiç RL TIB Galatien 188 H2 Kerpiç See Map 64 A4 *Kindyria RL Demiroluk, formerly TIB Phrygien 302 Kındıras C2 Kinna RL Karahamzılı TIB Galatien 189 Koloneia = Garsaura B4 Kongoustos/ R/ Altınekin? TIB Galatien 153 Congussus L F3 Korama L Göreme TIB Kappadokien 209-15 G4 [Korama] L Gereme Yayla TIB Kappadokien 215 E4 [Koron] L Çömlekçi (Korunun TIB Kappadokien 216 bucağı and başı occur nearby) D4 Koropassos R Akhan TIB Galatien 194 G4 Kyzistra RL Zengibar Kalesi TIB Kappadokien 219-22 A4 Laodikeia HRL/ Ladik TIB Phrygien 327-28 (Katakekaumene)/ R Claudiolaodicea F4 Limnai L Gölçük TIB Kappadokien 222 C4 Lycaonia See Map 66 C1 Magaba/ R/ perhaps Elma Dağ RE Mordiacus M. L H3 Makelle See Map 64 F4 Malakopea L Derinkuyu, formerly TIB Kappadokien 227 Melegübü E4 [Malandasa] L Ovalıbağ, formerly TIB Kappadokien 228 Karamelendiz F4 Mataza L Maziköy, formerly TIB Kappadokien 230 Madazi F3 [Matiane] L Avcılar, formerly Maçan TIB Kappadokien 231 G3 Mazaka See Map 64 G3 Mazaka/ See Map 64 Eusebeia/ Caesarea H3 Melas fl. See Map 64 A1 Modicus M. L Abdüssalam Dağ TIB Galatien 207-208 Mokissos = Iustinianoupolis E4 Momasson L Gökçe, formerly TIB Kappadokien 239 Mamasun Mordiacus M. = Magaba M. E3 Mo(u)rimene R Halys valley from Nys(s)a TIB Kappadokien 246 to Ouenasa H3 Moutalaske See Map 64 A2 Myrikion/ L/ Yeşilyurt, formerly TIB Galatien 208-209 Therma L Kadıköy regio E4 Nandianulus/ R/ Nenezigözü RE; TIB Kappadokien 244-45 Nazianzos L § Nadiandos Neroassos = Nora 980 MAP 63 ANCYRA Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference D3 Nitazi/ R/ near Kabakülak French 1981, 32 Nitalis L E4 Nora/ HR/ possibly Gelin Tepe RE 2; TIB Kappadokien 245-46; Neroassos HRL cf.
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