Archaeology and Urban Settlement in Late Roman and Byzantine Anatolia Edited by John Haldon , Hugh Elton , James Newhard Index More Information

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Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47115-2 — Archaeology and Urban Settlement in Late Roman and Byzantine Anatolia Edited by John Haldon , Hugh Elton , James Newhard Index More Information

369

Index

Avkat, Beyözü, and Euchaïta have not been indexed f = i gure, t = table

A b a n t , 3 7 , 3 8 , 4 0 Amorium, 269 Abbasids, 156 anagnōstēs (reader), 286 , 290 , 291 , 296 , 311 Acıçay River, 30 Anastasiopolis, 149 Adata, 235 Anastasius (emperor), 17 , 22 , 23 , 63 , 185 , 188 , A d a t e p e , 3 8 189 , 192 , 196 , 202 , 207 , 208 , 209 , 214 , 221 , Aegean Sea, 27 , 28 222 , 222n55 , 222n55 , 224 , 271 , 291 , 293 Aght’amar, 213 , 214n15 Anatolides- Taurides (tectonic unit), 25 , 26 Agricola from Gazacene, 20 Anatolikon (theme), 101 agricultural produce/output, 30 , 32 , 34 , 36 , 38 , Anazarba, 235 40 , 49 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 100 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , Anazarbos. See Anazarba 107t5.1 , 109 , 110 , 113 , 114 , 123 , 125 , 127 , Anderson, J.G.C., 73 , 81 , 89 , 90 , 102 , 105 , 106 , 128 , 128n79 , 129 , 131 , 132 , 147 , 148 , 149 , 185 , 186 , 187 , 193 , 195 , 203 , 204 , 205 , 206 , 150 , 151n93 , 152 , 152n96 , 153 , 155n119 , 208 159 , 161n143 , 162 , 175 , 211 , 226 , 227 , Andrapa. See N e a p o l i s 249 , 276 Androna, 156 A h l a t . See Chliat animal husbandry/ herding, 9 , 36 , 38 , 39 , 40 , Ahmetsaray, 193 41 , 88 , 98 , 100 , 104 , 110 , 113 , 114 , 115 , 118 , Aizanoi, 301 123 , 132 , 148 , 149 , 150 , 155 , 159 , 165 Akören, 83n73 , 193 Ankara/Ankyra, 9 , 10 , 12 , 14 , 23 , 26 , 44 , 82 , Akroinon, 245 89 , 149 , 186 , 194 , 196 , 210 , 234 , 236 , 243 , Aksaray Province, 153 245 , 253 , 283 , 289 , 301 Alaca, 10 , 13 , 17 , 95 Anna Comnena, 162 , 251n151 Alaca Höyük, 15 Anonymous Byzantine Treatise on Alagöz Mountains, 28 Strategy, 275 Albert of Aachen, 251 , 251n152 Antiochus, 149 Alexander of Nicaea, 225 Antioch, 271 Alexios (I) Komnenos, 250 , 251 Anti- Taurus Mountains, 235 , 236 Alören, 131 , 202 , 205 , 212 Antonine Itinerary, 79 Amaseia/Amasya, 9 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , Apamea, 156 20 , 21 , 22 , 32 , 71 , 76 , 77fMap 4.1 , 81n59 , 82 , Apicius, 145 , 145n57 83 , 85 , 87 , 89n97 , 90 , 91 , 95 , 92fMap 4.6 , Aphrodisias, 273 , 288n57 , 296 , 297 91n105 , 102 , 102n12 , 105 , 126n76 , 127 , 134 , Arab conquests/raids, 17 , 23 , 40 , 64 , 80 , 135n4 , 138 , 140 , 142 , 143 , 147 , 148 , 150 , 217 , 218 , 226 , 229 , 232 , 233 , 235 , 236 , 182 , 186 , 188n6 , 188 , 193 , 202 , 203 , 205 , 238 , 240 206 , 207 , 211 , 213 , 213n12 , 216n25 , 222n55 , Arabian Platform (tectonic unit), 25 , 27 224 , 226 , 234 , 236 , 237 , 239n108 , 240 , 245 , Arabs, 217 , 218 , 226 , 233 , 235 , 236 , 237 , 238 , 248 , 249 , 250 , 251 , 253 , , 253n159 , 284 , 239 , 248 , 249 286 , 309 , 314 Arcadius (emperor), 271 Amastris, 18 , 20 , 208 , 244 Archangel Michael, 219 , 285 , 289 , 302 Amisus, 12 , 18 , 20 , 22 Archelais Colonia, 301 Amisos, 284 , 285 , 317 Argyroupolis, 251 Amorion/Amorium, 9 , 107 , 132 , 139n20 , Armenia, 22 , 76 , 213 , 224 , 225 , 237 , 239 141n27 , 151 , 152 , 152n96 , 152n97 , 154 , Armeniakon (thema ) , 24 , 226 , 233 154n114 , 155 , 188 , 194 , 196 , 232 , 238 , 243 , Aşağı Körücek, 16 243n119 , 245 , 248 Aşağıpınar, 131 , 202 , 205 369

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47115-2 — Archaeology and Urban Settlement in Late Roman and Byzantine Anatolia Edited by John Haldon , Hugh Elton , James Newhard Index More Information

370

370 Index

Asartepe, 240 , 246 B ü y ü k o z R i v e r , 3 0 Asklepios, 21 , 76 , 82 , 90 Busbecq, 102n12 , 253 , 254 , 313 Assyrian/ Bitlis suture, 27 Byzantine reconquest, 24 Atar, 254 Athens, 271n11 , 284 , 285 , 285n10 Çadır Höyük, 16 , 23 , 102 , 139n19 , 151 , 154 , 223 , Attica, 109 229 , 241 , 247 , 252 , 269 , 296 Augustus (emperor), 19 Caesarea. See Kaisareia A u r e l i u s C a p i t o , 2 0 Çağna, 93 , 201 , 211 , 216 . See also E u c h a ï n a Aurelius Priscianus, 205 Caius Iulius Flaccus Aelianus, 205 Aurelius h eostratos, 20 Çal Mountains, 28 Aur- hat, 185 Çankırı, 12 , 13 , 15 , 26 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 38 , 40 , 82 , Autumn, 186 85 , 90 , 138 , 269 . See also Gangra Avkat Dağı, 13 , 51 , 134 , 187 , 197 , 201 , 205 Çankırı- Çorum basin, 12 Canons of Gregory h aumaturgus, 21 Balkans, 25 , 74n21 , 109 , 126n75 , 189 , 190 , 198 , Cappadocia, 12 , 19 , 21 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 43 , 213 , 246 , 246n132 73 , 73n15 , 74 , 104 , 205 , 211 , 214 , 214n15 , Barata, 284 224 , 229n79 , 245n127 , 251 , 257 , 263 , 271 , Bar Hebraeus, 232 284 , 302 Bariane, 224 Caria, 264fA1.16 barley, 30 , 98 , 101 , 107 , 109 , 110 , 130 , 149 , 150 , Carissa, 82 151 , 152 , 153 , 155n119 , 159 , 161 , 162 , 163 , cattle/ cows, 102 , 111f5.4 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 149 , 165 , 174 , 211 150 , 154 , 155 , 156 , 159 , 165 , 167 , 173n247 , Basil I (emperor), 23 , 224 211 , 268 , 269 Basil II (emperor), 215 , 238 caves, 23 , 38 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 Basilika h erma, 234 , 236 Çavgan, 216 . See also E u c h a ï n a Başpınar. See Adata Çayır Mevkii, 286 bathhouse/ bath, 23 , 186 , 195 , 206 Çekerek River, 30 , 44 , 51 Bathys Ryax, 234 Cemilbey, 10 , 95 , 212 Battle of Dorostolon, 215 cereals, 23 , 30 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 44 , 47 , 61n42 , Battle of Zela, 20 97 , 98 , 101 , 102 , 105 , 107 , 115 , 118 , 122 , Bayındır, 20 , 131 , 193 , 202 , 206 123 , 127 , 128 , 130 , 131 , 149 , 149n79 , 150 , Bekdiğin, 193 150n87 , 150n88 , 151 , 151n93 , 151n94 , Beke, 206 152 , 152n96 , 153 , 155n119 , 158 , 159 , 161 , Bekişler, 16 162 , 162n156 , 163 , 164n175 , 171 , 173 , 174 , Beşik Tepe, 155 175 , 178n266 , 179 , 182 , 183 , 211 , 226 , 227 , Beyçesultan, 152 , 153 238 , 274 , 275 Beyşehir Occupation Phase, 38 , 106 Chalkidiki, 148 bishop, 21 , 22 , 24 , 79 , 101 , 105 , 131 , 149 , 188 , charkeas (= chalkeus ) despotikos (imperial 188n6 , 203 , 209 , 214 , 215 , 215n24 , 216n30 , copper/ blacksmith), 259 , 285 218 , 219 , 220 , 221 , 221n53 , 222 , 224 , 225 , Charsianon Kastron, 234 229 , 237 , 239 , 251 , 272 , 275 , 287 , 293 , 297 Chersonesos, 137 , 163 , 164 , 165 , 176n261 Bithynia (province), 18 , 36 , 80 , 80n54 , 104 , chickpea, 30 , 162 170n219 , 234 , 244 , 244n125 , 286 , 305 Chliat, 236 Black Sea, 10 , 12 , 15 , 16 , 18 , 21 , 22 , 25 , 28 , 31 , Chonai, 132 , 245 76 , 83n68 , 105 , 106n22 , 134 , 137 , 138n14 , Chronicle , of Michael the Syrian, 232 146 , 147 , 164 , 165 , 172 , 200 , 208 , 211 , 236 , Chronographia of h eophanes, 237 271 Chrysippos of Jerusalem, 228 Boğazkaya, 10 , 91 , 95 , 206 church, 257 , 259 , 260 – 67 , 275 , 276n42 , 277 , Borabay Gölü, 46 283 , 284n11 , 285 , 289n67 , 292 , 297 , 299 Border Folded Belt, 27 Çit lik, 194 Bostra, 276t. A3.1 Cilicia, 69 , 235 , 241n112 , 243n121 , 266 , 267 , Bozkır, 26 275n56 , 288 Bulgaria, 190 Cilician Gates, 235 butcher, 288 , 289 , 308 Cilicium , 113 Büyük, 38 Çitli, 83n73 , 131

371

Index 371

city walls (Avkat)/circuit wall, 63 , 93 , 126 , 188 , deacon(ess), 271 , 275 , 276 , 276tA3.1 , 279 , 280 , 189 , 195 , 199 , 223 , 230 , 232 283 , 285 , 292n57 , 305 , 309 climate change, 34 , 35 , 36 , 38 , 41 , 42 , 44 , 100 , De re coquinaria (On the Art of Cooking) , 145 117 , 243 Deciduous trees, 34 , 35 , 47 Çobandivan, 207 Decius (emperor), 21 Code of Justinian, 297 Delice River, 29 Codex h eodosianus , 77 Demirci, 106 , 138n14 coins, 17 , 20 , 23 , 138 , 151n94 , 196 , 207 , 223 , Demiyurt, 38 225n69 , 226 , 244 , 269 – 273 Dernschwam, Hans, 81 , 102 , 150 , 198 , Anonymous follis , 272 – 273 203 , 254 copper coins, 269 Derxene, 239 Çöl Gölü, 38 , 40 , 41 , 44 despotikos. See charkeas column capital, 21 , 185 , 186 , 187 , 192 , 193 , Diakopene, 101 , 101n7 194 , 201 , 203 , 205 , 206 Digital Elevation Model (DEM), 56n16 , 119 Comana, 17 , 18 , 211 Dinogetia, 162 Comana Pontica, 286 Diocese of the Oriens, 275 conifer trees, 34 , 35 , 39 , 41 , 47 , 143 , 145 , 183 Diocletian (emperor), 21 , 22 Constans II (emperor), 232 , 239 , 240 , 272 Diokaisareia, 274 Constantine X Ducas (emperor), 273 Diospolis, 18 Constantine (emperor), 22 , 151n94 , 206 , 215 , Diospontus, 22 218 , 224n64 Doğantepe, 16 , 17 , 21 Constantinople, 22 , 76 , 85 , 101 , 134 , 137 , Dokeia, 234 , 251 138 , 147 , 151 , 161 , 163 , 169 , 177 , 191 , 209 , Dorylaion, 234 213 , 214 , 220 , 221 , 223 , 227 , 237 , 244 , 245 , drought, 23 , 31 , 33 , 34 , 41 , 42 251 , 269 , 271 , 272 , 290 Dvin, 239 cooking/ food preparation, 102 , 106 , 127 , Dyrrachium, 188 127n78 , 130 , 136 , 139 , 139n19 , 140 , 141 , 141n27 , 145 , 146 , 150 , 152 , 156 , 161n146 , earthquake, 22 , 28 , 216n25 , 251 , 252n157 162 , 163 , 165 , 168 , 169 , 171 , 171n225 , East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ), 27 172n237 , 173n249 , 176 , 177 , 178 , 182 , Edessa/ Urfa, 156 182n278 , 182n278 , 183 , 190 Efendik/Efennik, 13 , 93 Corinth, 168 , 285 , 308n.11 Eğerli Dağ (mountains), 13 , 28 Çorum, 8 , 9 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 15 , 17 , 21 , 26 , 28 , 29 , Egypt, 116n51 , 147 , 214n19 , 289 30 , 32 , 34 , 35 , 37 , 40 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 71 , Elat- Elot, 156 76 , 76n31 , 77n34 , 82 , 83 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , Eleutherios, 218 95 , 98 , 99 , 102 , 102n12 , 105 , 107 , 108 , 112 , Elmalı (mountain peak), 28 118 , 127 , 134 , 140 , 142 , 143n40 , 148 , 150 , Elmapınar, 52 , 53 , 62 , 65 , 66 , 90n102 , 93 , 187 , 179 , 186 , 188n6 , 192 , 193 , 197n41 , 201 , 197 , 200 , 201 , 202 , 205 , 208 , 216 , 228 , 275 , 202 , 203 , 206 , 207 , 210 , 212 , 215 , 216n25 , 283 , 301 . See also E u c h a ï n a 219n47 , 229 , 248 , 252 , 253 , , 254n163 , 260 , Elvan Çelebi (poet), 203 269 , 277 , 284 , 285 , 294 , 302 , 311 Elvançelebi, 8 , 10 , 16 , 49 , 81 , 88n89 , 89 , 95 , 99 , Council of Chalcedon, 222 102 , 131 , 140 , 187 , 193 , 202 , 203 , 204 , 205 , Crete, 157 207 , 208 , 212 , 219 , 252 Crimea, 137 , 163 , 164 , 165 , 176n261 , 178n264 , Emirbağ. See Kızılca 179n268 , 271 Ephesos/Ephesus, 141 , 144 , 145 , 146 , 155 , Crimean War (1851– 1854), 254 239 , 243 , 269 , 271 , 301 – 273 Crypta Balbi, 145 Ephrem the Syrian, 288n57 Cyprus, 273 Epiphanius, 214 Erbaa, 28 , 106 Dalisandos, 214 Erosion, 26 , 28 , 29 , 54 , 199 , 231 , 232 Danişmendids, 140 , 228 , 252 Erzerum. See h eodosioupolis Dānişmendnāme , 251 , 251n150 Eskişehir. See Dorylaion Dara, 188 , 189 Etonia, 81 , 82 Dardanelles, 254 , 285 Euchaïna, 201 , 215 , 216 , 227 , 228 Dazimon, 234 , 236 Euchaneia. See E u c h a ï n a

372

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Eudocia, 273 ground- penetrating radar, 285n10 Eudoxius (patriarch), 149 Gungörmez, 10 , 95 Euhodia, 206 G ü r c ü . See G u r d j u Eupatoria, 106 Gurdju, 203 Euphemianos, 224 , 224n62 Euphrates River, 80n54 , 141 , 153 , 155 , 156 Hadrianopolis, 23 , 107 , 193 , 197n40 , 240 , European Little Ice Age, 41 , 42 271n.11 Eusebia, 213 , 213n11 , 216 , 216n27 Hadschi- Keuï, 205 Eustathios Rhomaios, 221 H a l y s R i v e r , 1 8 Hattuşa, 16 Figani, 10 , 95 , 99 , 131 , 193 , 202 , 206 Helenopontos/Helenopontus, 22 , 237 , 244 , 284 Florence, 170 Heraclea Pontica, 138 , 138n14 forest, 15 , 30 , 34 , 38 , 41 , 47 , 88 , 91 , 101 , Heraclius (emperor), 238 , 238n105 , 272 105 , 106 , 148 , 149n78 , 150 , 151n93 , 164 , Herodion, 275 164n175 , 165 , 165n181 , 165n183 , 185 , 226 Herakleia, 235 , 245n127 Franks, 250 Hesychios, 287 , 293 frost, 13 , 15 , 150 Hierapolis, 156 , 297 Hierophilos the Sophist, 145 Galatia, 19 , 21 , 81n60 , 83n74 , 149 , 211 , 219 , higoumenē (abbess), 286 , 305 224 , 271 , 28 5 , 289 , 296 , 297 , 302 Hisarkavak, 16 , 131 , 202 , 206 , 248 Galerius, 21 , 213 Hittites, 2 , 16 , 74 Gangra, 18 , 19 , 77n34 , 81n59 , 82 , 89 , 212 , 224 , H i t t i t e s t o r m g o d . See Tesup 234 , 236 , 237 , 240 , 245 , 247n133 , 249 , 251 horses, 102 , 130 , 150 , 154 , 155 , 156 , 212 , 240 Ganos, 147 , 191 Honorius (emperor), 271 Gavurbela, 197 Horum Höyük, 155 , 156 Gazala, 224 Höyük (mound), 276t. A3.1 Gaziköy. See Ganos Gdanmaa (Ekdaumaua), 301 Iasos, 289 Geoponika , 110 , 170 Ikonion, 235 , 252 George Hagiorites, 102 Ilgaz mountains, 28 Germanicopolis. See Gangra imperial cult, 20 Germanikeia, 235 inscription, 8 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 51 , 77 , 78 , 83 , Germia, 194 , 219 , 221 , 229 , 285 83n73 , 88n89 , 89 , 93 , 106 , 109 , 126 , 185 , 188 , Geykoca, 122 189 , 194 , 195 , 197 , 202 , 203 , 203n58 , 203n62 , Glatz (Claudia), 11 204 , 205 , 206 , 207 , 208 , 214 , 214n17 , 215 , goats, 98 , 102 , 111f5.4 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 143 , 219 , 220 , 221 , 222 , 224 , 230 , 254 150 , 154 , 155 , 156 , 159 , 165 , 167 , 168 , 169 , Interior Anatolia, 98 171n225 , 173n247 , 211 Intra- Pontide Ocean, 25 Gödilli Dağ, 235 Ioustinianoupolis, 234 Göksu Archaeological Project, 11 Iran, 238 Gölcük, 39 Iris River, 12 , 106 . See also Yeşilırmak Gölünyazı, 46 , 47 Işaklı, 46 Gondwana, 25 Isauria, 269 , 288 , 296 Gorbeous, 234 İ s k i l i p . See Asklepios Gothic raids, 21 Istanbul, 10 , 137 , 138 , 147 , 151 , 161 , 177 , 186 , grain i elds, 277 200 , 210 , 269 Great Lavra, 171 Italy, 11 , 76n33 , 81n55 , 96n121 , 109 , 147 , 157 , Greece, 11 , 78n41 , 157 , 161n143 , 175 , 189 , 199 , 213 , 246 198 , 199 , 203 Iviron, 147 , 170 Gregory of Nyssa, 22n48 , 92 , 213 , 213n12 , 217 , Izmir, 26 , 210 219 , 230 On h eodore, 92 , 92n108 , 213n12 J a n d a r m a , 4 5 , 5 3 , 2 0 2 Gregory h aumaturgus, bishop of Jerusalem, 214 302 Neocaesarea, 21 John the Baptist, 284 Gritille, 141 , 153 , 155 , 167n191 John I Tzimiskes (emperor), 215 , 218 , 225

373

Index 373

John Mauropous, 24 , 80 , 101 , 102 , 132 , 149 , Kozören, 10 , 49 , 91 , 95 , 122 , 131 , 202 , 205 , 215 , 215n21 , 216 , 216n28 , 217 , 218 , 224 , 208 , 212 , 283 224n64 , 225 , 227 , 234 , 249 , 250 Krim Tatars, 254 John of Euchaneia, 215 K ü c ü k A k g ö l , 3 8 John VIII Palaiologos (emperor), 170 Kudama b. Ja’far, 238 Julius Caesar, 18 Kulaklü-Taş/Kulaklü-Tasch, 205 , 292 Justinian I (emperor), 22 , 22n46 , 35 , 77 , Kurtcu Tepesi, 197 222n55 , 271 Kuru Çay, 235 Kuru Gölü, 46 , 47 Kabak Tepesi, 15 , 65 , 187 , 197 , 199 , 247 Kaisareia/Kayseri, 123 , 234 , 235 , 236 , 245n127 , Lâçin, 46 252 , 253 Lâdik, 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 46 , 48 Kale/Kale Tepe (acropolis at Avkat), 51 , 63 , 64 , lake/lakes, 12 , 26 , 36 , 37 , 41 , 42 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 65 , 67 , 69 , 141 , 197 , 199 , 233 , 239 , 257 , 263 , 103 , 173n247 264fA1.16 , 268 Lake Van, 103 , 236 Kale Köy, 224 land- use, 21 , 29 , 30 , 35 , 36 , 40 , 41 , 50 , 54 , 57 , Kalenderhane Mosque, 269 65 , 67 , 69 , 72 , 74 , 97 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 113 , Kamacha, 236 114 , 116 , 117 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 125 , 133 , 151 , Kaman- Kalehöyük, 152 152 , 159 Karadağ Mountains, 28 Laodikeia Katakekaumene, 297 Karşıyaka, 193 Late Glacial period, 38 K a s t a m o n u , 3 1 Lazaros of Galesion, 102 , 215 Kavak Mountains, 28 least- cost path analysis, 73 , 74 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , Kavuklu Tepe, 206 88 , 91 , 95 Kaz, 40 Legio I Pontica , 19 kellarios (monastic storage room manager), Legio V Macedonica , 20 274 , 275 , 286 legumes, 30 , 151 , 152 , 157 , 159 , 164 , 171 , 173 , Keşikköprü, 234 174 , 175 , 176 , 182 , 182n278 , 183 Keşlik, 74 lentil, 30 , 153 , 164 Keşlik (mountain peak), 28 Leo of Euchaneia, 215 Killik Tepesi, 206 Leo the Deacon, 215 , 225 kiln, 147 , 190 , 201 Leo I (emperor), 222 Kimistene. See A s a r t e p e Leo V (emperor), 226 Kinet, 156 , 259 Leo VI (emperor), 224 , 227n75 , 238 Kınık Höyük, 75 Leo, bishop of Synnada, 101 Kırıkkale- Erbaa Fault Zone (KEFZ), 28 Leontopolis, 22 Kırklar Dağları/Mountains, 13 , 28 , 206 Levant, 104 , 115 , 147 , 275 , 297 Kirşehir, 26 Limyra, 138n12 , 155 Kızılca, 16 Loulon, 235 Kızılırmak, 26 , 29 , 30 Lycia, 19 , 69 , 138 Koder Johannes, 170 Lykandos, 235 , 245 , 245n128 Koloneia, 234 , 236 , 237 , 250 , 251 Lykaonia, 288 , 297 Komnenoi, 252 Konya, 11 , 31 , 69 , 243n121 . See also Iconium M a , 1 7 Konya Plain Survey, 11 Macedonia, 103 , 164n180 , 165 Köprübaşı, 83 , 89 , 122 , 131 magnetometry, 266 , 267 Köroğlu Mountains, 28 Magnopolis, 18 Korucutepe, 155 , 155n119 maize, 100 Korykos, 257 , 259 , 260 – 67 , 276n42 , 277 , Malatya. See M e l i t e n e 284n11 , 285 , 289n67 Malik Danişmend, 228 Köse mountains, 28 Mantzikert, 24 , 228 , 250 Köseeyüp, 10 , 45 , 95 , 131 , 202 , 206 Marcus Antonius, 18 Kotziagroi, 224 Marianus Scholasticus, 106 Koukousos, 235 Marmara, 31 , 115n49 , 147 , 147n68 , 209 Kowaleski, Stephen, 11 Marmara Island, 147

374

374 Index

marsh, 45 , 46 , 47 , 72 Nerva (emperor), 206 Matthews, Roger, 11 , 82n61 , 247n133 Nessana, 110 Mauropous, 275n56 Nicaea, 128n79 , 176 , 225 Maximinus (emperor), 21 , 213 Nicomedia, 271 Maximinus II Daia (emperor), 272 Nicopolis, 18 Maximinus h rax (emperor), 286 , 297 Nikephoros Ouranos, 215 Mecbur Asker Pass, 13 Nikephoros II Phokas (emperor), 225 , 273 Mecitözü, 8 , 9 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , Niksar. See N e o k a i s a r e i a 22 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 45 , 48 , 49 , 51 , 69 , 76 , 76n31 , Normalized Dif erence Vegetation Index 83 , 88 , 90 , 90n102 , 91 , 92 , 92fMap 4.6 , 93 , (NDVI), 116n53 , 118 , 121 , 122 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 102 , 105 , 106 , Normans, 250 107 , 107t. 5.1 , 109 , 111f5.4 , 112 , 115n49 , North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ), 27 , 28 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 119fMap 5.1 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 2 9, 3 7 124f5.8 , 125 , 132 , 134 , 135n3 , 136 , 140 , 141 , Northern Neo- Tethys (oceanic plate), 25 , 26 143 , 145 , 148 , 157 , 158 , 168 , 170 , 183 , 185 , notarios (notary), 285 186 , 188 , 201 , 202 , 203 , 204fMap7.8 , 205 , Novellae , 22 , 216 206 , 208 , 210 , 212 , 222n55 , 225n69 , 229 , Nubia, 292n57 230 , 253 , 254 , 269 , 273 Mecitözü Çayı. See Efendik Odessos, 285 Medieval Climatic Anomaly, 42 Oleoculture, 275 Medinet El Far, 156 olive, 23 , 38 , 39 , 98 , 101 , 102 , 104 , 105 , 106 , Megalopolis, 18 , 20 143 , 148 , 149 , 149n79 , 157 , 159 , 164 , Melitene/Malatya, 179n272 , 234 , 235 164n174 , 165 , 168 , 171 , 173 , 174 , 175 , Merzifon, 13 , 101n7 178n264 , 182 , 226 Mesopotamia, 81n55 , 95 Oluz Höyük, 16 , 17 , 21 , 22 M e t r o p o l i t a n ( See) , 188 , 221 , 222 , 224 , 228 , onion, 30 , 169 , 170 , 171 , 171n225 251 , 252 Ophillia, 206 Michael Psellos, 238 Optimization Method, 279 , 280 Michael the Syrian, 232 orchards/ fruit trees, 30 , 38 , 104 , 105 , 149 , 150 , milestone, 10 , 19 , 21 , 22 , 72 , 73 , 75 , 81 , 85 , 88 , 164 , 165 , 165n181 , 171 , 226 89 , 91 , 93 , 95 , 186 , 197 , 203 , 204 , 205 , 206 , Örencik Mağarası, 45 212 , 271 , 272 , 285 , 290 Oribasios, 145 , 146n61 , 163 , 172n237 Miletos, 308n11 Ottomans, 9 , 24 , 66 , 67 , 69 , 89 , 90 , 98 , Miracles (of St h eodore) , 8 , 185 , 189 , 192 , 195 , 100 , 102 , 107 , 108t. 5.2 , 125 , 126 , 140 , 198 , 207 , 217 , 218 , 219 , 220 , 228 , 229 , 232 , 142 , 147 , 151 , 175 , 179 , 198 , 210 , 253 , 233 , 238 , 240 254 , 276 , 283 Mithridates VI (Pontic king), 18 , 20 Oyuz Höyük, 21 Mokissos, 234 , 245n127 , 252 monastery, 277 , 285 pagan temple, 276tA3.1 Monastery of Saint John the Baptist, 167 Paipert, 251 Monastery of St Catherine on Mt Sinai, 214 Pamphylia, 305 , 309 monk, 285 panēgyris , 24 , 137 , 216 , 217 Mopsouestia, 235 Paphlagonia, 11 , 15 , 16 , 23 , 36 , 103 , 104 , mosaic, 260 , 294 164n175 , 172n241 , 193 , 194 , 217 , 227 , mosque, 269 237 , 240 , 243 , 244 , 246 , 271 , 274 , 275 , Mount Athos, 147 279 , 317 Mount Ganos, 147 paramonarios (ecclesiastical concierge), 286 , Murit Tepe, 16 295 , 296 , 297 Muşalem Kale. See Charsianon Kastron paroikoi , 171 Paulicians, 225 N a r G ö l ü / L a k e N a r , 3 8 , 3 9 , 4 0 , 4 1 , 4 2 , 4 3 Peira , 220 , 221n51 Nazianzos, 245n129 , 252 Pella, 138n14 , 156 Neapolis, 18 , 22 , 82 , 101n7 Pergamon, 144 , 178 , 183 , 239 Negev, 110 Persian invasion, 9 , 17 , 218 , 225 , 230 Neokaisareia, 234 , 237 , 240 , 250 , 251 Persians, 17 , 192 , 217 , 230 , 238 Neoklaudiopolis, 311 Pessinus, 152 , 154 , 154n114 , 155 , 156

375

Index 375

Peyniryemez, 102 , 241 Rize, 31 Phanaroea, 106 Roman Climatic Optimum (Roman Warm Pharnaces, son of Mithridates, 20 period), 42 Phaustinoupolis, 245 , 245n128 Romanos IV (emperor), 250 Phazemon/Phazimon. See N e a p o l i s Rome , 145 , 271 Phazemonitis, 101 , 101n7 Roussel de Bailleul, 250 Philaretos, 224 Rumania, 162 Philotheos, 225 , 225n66 Russia, 147 Phokas (emperor), 271 Photios, 222 , 224 , 224n63 Sabir Huns, 22 , 221 , 224 phrourion (stronghold), 276 Safranbolu, 8 , 207 Phrygia, 101 , 291 , 308n58 Sagalassos, 154 , 155 , 243n121 pigs, 114 , 154 , 155 , 156 , 159 , 165 , 167 , Sakarya, 26 173n247 Saltus Zalichen , 22 Pilgrim Road, 82 Samsun, 12 , 147 , 193 , 243n121 pilgrimage, 70 , 75 , 79 , 88 , 92 , 137 , 147 , 192 , Samuel Alusianos, 23 194 , 213 , 215 , 216 , 217 , 219 , 220 , 221 , 228 , Samuel Ben Meir, 172 229 , 248 , 249 Saniana, 234 Pisidia, 75 , 198 , 291 , 297 , 301 Santabarenos, 224 pistachio, 38 , 39 , 40 , 153 , 164 Şapinuwa, 16 pithoi, 15 , 58 , 141 , 142 , 178 , 178n266 , 179 , Saraçhane, 137 , 138 , 146 , 147 , 200 179n269 , 183 Sardis, 39 , 155 , 161n145 , 239 plague, 35 Sarıhasan, 131 , 187 , 193 , 200 , 202 , 205 , 208 Pliny the Elder, 146 Satala, 234 , 236 Podandos, 235 Scylax. See Çekerek River Polemitas, 289 Scythia Minor, 285 P o l e m o , 1 9 Sebasteia, 234 , 235 , 236 , 239n108 , 252 . See also pollen/ palynological, 36 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 43 , 47 , Sivas 48 , 104 , 105 , 128 , 132 , 151 Sebastopolis, 194 , 294 Pompeiopolis, 18 , 193 Sebeos, 239 , 239n109 Pompey the Great, 18 , 101n7 , 211 Secunda, daughter of Pharnaces, 20 Pomponius Bassus, 205 Seljuks, 24 , 40 , 140 , 141 , 141n27 , 177 , 210 , Pontic Alps/Mountains, 12 , 15 , 17 , 161n143 , 244 216n25 , 228 , 241 , 250 , 252 , 252n157 Pontic Greek, 286 , 288 Serbia, 163 , 164n180 Pontides (tectonic unit), 25 , 26 Serres, 216 , 251 Pontus, 15 , 17 , 18 , 20 , 21 , 80 , 81n60 , 164n175 , Severus Alexander (emperor), 19 193 , 211 , 224 , 227 , 239 , 286 , 307 , 309 , 311 , S e y f e , 3 8 313 , 314 , 317 sheep, 98 , 111f5.4 , 112 , 143 , 150 , 154 , 155 , 156 , Pontus Galaticus, 19 159 , 165 , 167 , 168 , 169 , 173n247 , 211 , 275 population, 10 , 11 , 24 , 35 , 52 , 79 , 80 , 97 , 98 , 99 , Sibikton, 224 100 , 101 , 102 , 104 , 110 , 112 , 114 , 115 , 125 , Simon Seth, 170 126 , 127 , 129 , 131 , 132 , 165 , 176 , 186 , 198 , Sinop/Sinope, 11 , 12 , 15 , 18 , 20 , 22 , 83n68 , 105 , 199 , 201 , 212 , 215n24 , 217 , 220 , 228 , 232 , 106n22 , 138 , 146 , 147 , 194 , 208 , 244, 251 , 307 233 , 237 , 239 , 241 , 242 , 243 , 244 , 247 , 254 Sinope Regional Archaeological Project, 11 P o r s u k S u . See Tembris River Sipahi Tunç, 15 p o t a t o , 3 0 Sision, 235 precipitation, 15 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 34 , 35 , 42 , 117 site catchment analysis, 74 , 113 , 115 , 115n49 , Presbyter, 291 , 293 , 297 116n51 Project Paphlagonia, 11 , 274 , 275 site territorial analysis, 115 , 117 , 123 Provinces (Roman, Byzantine) , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , Sivas, 9 , 26 , 30 , 42 , 140 , 234 , 253 . See also 22 , 23 , 26 , 73 , 76 , 107 , 110 , 211 , 223 . See also Sebasteia h ema/ta Sixth Ecumenical Council, 214 snow, 14 , 30 , 238 rain, 15 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 42 , 98 , 104 , 122 , Söğütönü, 207 148 274 274 . See also precipitation soil, 29 , 30 , 32 , 33 , 35 , 41 , 98 , 102 , 106 , 109 , Ras (fortress), 163 116 , 122 , 135n3 , 136 , 148 , 170n221 , 202

376

376 Index

Sozopolis, 245 h eodore of Sykeon, 14 , 23 , 77 , 104 , 149 Sparta, 174 h eodore Santabarenos, 224 spring, 30 , 31 , 32 , 162 , 179 , 186 , 238 h eodosioupolis, 234 , 235 , 237 , 239 St Auxentios, 220 h eodosius, 205 St John the Evangelist, 301 h eophanes, 22n49 , 224 , 226 , 237 St Polyeuktos church, 137 h essalonike/h essaloniki, 147 , 167 , 170 , 188 , S t h eodore, “the General” (stratēlatēs ), 214 , 285 215 , 216 , 224 , 227 h race, 103 , 147 , 148 , 216 , 251 , 252 S t h eodore, “the Recruit” (tiro), 21 , 23 , Tiberius Julius Proclus, 20 70 , 131 , 136 , 137 , 190 , 192 , 209 , 212 , tile/ root ile, 58 , 60 , 65 , 188 , 189 , 190 , 198 , 200 , 213 , 214 , 215 , 216 , 217 , 218 , 220 , 224 , 201 , 220 , 232 , 233 , 239 , 258 , 263 226 , 227 , 228 , 229 , 230 , 234 , 241 , 244 , 247 , Timarion , 167 249 , 251 Timios Stavros, 234 Strabo, 18 , 101 , 105 , 106 , 146 , 211 , 295 tobacco, 100 sugar beet, 30 Tokat, 12 , 106 , 194 , 211 , 234 , 243n121 S ü l ü k l ü , 1 6 Tokat Massif, 12 S u l u s a r a y . See S e b a s t o p o l i s tombstone, 21 , 53 , 140 , 197 , 201 , 207 , 252 . summer, 13 , 15 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 42 , 43 , See also inscriptions 65n51 , 148 , 153n102 , 162 , 172 , 186 , 210 , tower/ watchtower, 46 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 65n51 , 211 , 238 , 274 66 , 73 , 152 , 189 , 198 , 199 , 206 , 231 , 232 , sunl ower, 30 , 143 , 182 247 , 248 Sungurlu, 10 , 13 , 29 , 95 Trapezus, 239 , 244 sweet chestnut, 38 , 39 , 40 Trikomia, 234 Synecdemus of Hierocles, 22 Turkmen, 75 , 210 , 250 Synnada, 101 , 105 , 149n78 Turks, 228 , 229 , 250 , 251 , 252 Syria, 138n14 , 156 , 213 , 232 , 235 Tuzla, 38 Tyana, 74 , 235 , 245 , 245n128 Ta’as, 156 Tyraeion, 291 Tabion, 236 Tyre, 285 , 285n10 , 288 , 308 Tabula Peutingeriana , 19 , 81 , 82n61 Taktika of Leo VI , 238 Umayyads, 156 Tandir , 150 Urlu (mountain peak), 28 Tanözü. See Efendik Tarsos, 235 Valentinian III (emperor), 271 Tatarmuslu, 193 Vedius Gymnnasium, 145 T a t l ı , 3 8 vegetables, 30 , 100 , 128 , 149 , 150 , 153 , 157 , Taurus Mountains, 32 , 235 , 236 158 , 159 , 167 , 170 , 171 , 173 , 174 , 175 , 179 , Tavium, 15 , 18 , 76 , 77fMap 4.1, 81n60 , 182 , 183 , 211 82 , 141 vegetation, 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 48 , 97 , 101 , 104 , 116 , Tavşantepe, 74 117 , 118 , 120 , 121 , 121n63 , 121n64 , 121n64 , taxation, 103 , 116 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 128n79 , 129 , 122 , 149 , 226 209 , 234 , 252 , 253 village/villages, 8 , 9 , 17 , 19 , 21 , 23 , 44 , 46 , Tecer/Tecer Gölü, 37 , 42 , 43 , 103 51 , 52 , 53 , 60 , 63 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 69 , 77n35 , Tekke, 203 81 , 83 , 88 , 89 , 91 , 94 , 96 , 97 , 99 , 100 , 102 , Tembris River, 234 105 , 117 , 118 , 122 , 123 , 125 , 125n72 , 126 , Te r c a n . See Derxene 129 , 131 , 134 , 149 , 150 , 152 , 170 , 177 , Tertulla, daughter of Zenon, 206 179n272 , 182n280 , 185 , 186 , 187 , 188 , 189 , Terzili Hamam. See Basilika h erma 192 , 193 , 194 , 195 , 196 , 197 , 199 , 200 , 201 , Te s u p , 1 6 202 , 203 , 205 , 206 , 207 , 208 , 210 , 211 , 212 , Tethys Ocean, 25 213 , 216 , 220 , 228 , 229 , 230 , 231 , 243 , 252 , Tezek , 101 , 102n10 , 161n144 253 , 254 h ebes, 285 vine, 23 , 38 , 39 , 102 , 104 , 143 , 147 , 148n75 , h ema/ ta, 23 , 24 , 101 , 198 , 220 , 226 , 233 , 250 149 , 164n175 , 172 , 182 , 197 , 226 h eodore Gabras, 251 vineyards, 30 , 106 , 147 , 148n75 , 150 , 152n97 , h eodore of Stoudios, 182 , 183 165n181 , 172

377

Index 377

Viranşehir. See Mokissos winter, 14 , 15 , 23 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 42 , 43 , Virgin Mary, 299 104 , 105 , 106 , 148 , 150 , 164 , 176 , 186 , visibility, 276 , 277 238 , 239 , 274 , 275 viticulture, 98 , 104 , 106 , 147 , 148 , 152 , woodlands, 34 , 35 , 38 , 98 , 212 153 , 172 Yeniçağa, 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 wall (city), 260 , 263 Yenikap ι , 147 wall (other), 257 , 258 , 259 , 260 , 276tA3.1 , 287 Yeşilırmak, 12 , 13 , 16 , 29 walnut, 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 152 , 153 , 164 , Yeşiloluk, 235 165n183 Yeşiloz, 310 warfare, 95 , 129 , 189 , 215 , 223 , 229 , 232 , 235 , Yıldırım Tayfun, 15 236 , 239 , 244 , 245 , 250 Yozgat, 16 , 23 , 26 , 98 wheat, 30 , 98 , 101 , 102 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 118 , 123 , 124f5.8 , 149 , 150 , 151 , Zapetra, 235 152 , 153 , 155n119 , 159 , 161 , 162 , 163 , Zela, 10 , 13 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 22 , 82 , 95 , 193 163n169 , 174 , 175 , 178n266 , 179n268 , Zeugma, 154 , 156 182n280 , 211 Zile. See Z e l a wine, 275 Z i p p a l a n d a . See Yozgat wine press, 196 Z o n g u l d a k , 3 8