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Home , Facet joint, Medial condyle of tibia

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Frontal bone

Frontal notch Optic canal Supra-orbital notch or foramen Superior orbital fissure

Inferior Zygomatic orbital fissure bone

Infraorbital foramen

Maxilla

Ramus of mandible

Body of Anterior nasal mandible aperture Mental foramen

Coronal suture

Sphenoid Parietal bone bone Nasal Pterion bone Lacrimal Squamous bone part of temporal Ethmoid bone bone Zygomatic External arch acoustic meatus Maxilla Occipital Coronoid bone process of Mastoid mandible process of Head of temporal mandible bone Neck of B Styloid mandible process of Ramus of Angle of temporal mandible mandible bone Fig. 2.1 Skull: (A) from the front, (B) from the left. (Continued)

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Incisive fossa Zygomatic and canals arch Hard palate Posterior nasal aperture (choana) Articular tubercle Medial pterygoid plate Mandibular Lateral pterygoid fossa plate Carotid Foramen canal ovale Styloid External acoustic process meatus Jugular Foramen foramen spinosum Stylomastoid Foramen foramen lacerum Mastoid Petrous part process of temporal Occipital bone condyle Mastoid Foramen foramen C magnum

Fig. 2.1 (Continued) Skull: (C) external surface of the base.

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Frontal bone

Coronal suture

Lambdoid Frontal air suture sinus Superior Foramen orbital rotundum fissure Zygoma Maxillary air sinus Nasal Mastoid septum air cells Nasal Ramus of cavity mandible Maxilla Body of A mandible

Coronal Parietal suture bone Frontal Pterion bone Lambdoid Frontal suture air sinus Occipital Pituitary bone fossa Maxillary air sinus Mastoid air cells Hard palate External acoustic Soft meatus palate B

Ramus Angle of Condylar process of mandible mandible of mandible Fig. 2.2 Skull radiographs: (A) anteroposterior view, (B) lateral view.

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Skull

Body and transverse process of C5 vertebra

Manubrium of sternum Second rib and costal cartilage

Manubrio- sternal joint Xiphisternal Body of joint sternum

Xiphoid Costal process margin T12 Seventh vertebra rib Twelfth rib

Second Body and anterior transverse sacral process of foramen L3 vertebra

Sacrum

Coccyx

Fig. 2.3 Axial skeleton: (A) from the front. (Continued)

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Posterior arch of C1 vertebra (atlas) Bifid spine Lamina of of C5 C2 vertebra vertebra (axis) Facet joints Transverse process of C7 vertebra

Spine of T5 vertebra

Lamina of T7 vertebra

Transverse process of T10 vertebra

Facet joint

Spine and lamina of L3 Spine and vertebra lamina of L5 vertebra

Sacral canal

Second posterior Sacral hiatus sacral foramen

Coccyx

Fig. 2.3 (Continued) Axial skeleton: (B) from behind.

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Facet joint Inter- vertebral foramen Spine of C7 vertebra Second rib

Manubrio- sternal joint Intervertebral foramen

Seventh rib

Intervertebral foramen Pedicle of L4 vertebra Facet joint Lumbosacral intervertebral disc

Articular surface on sacrum for sacroiliac joint

Fig. 2.3 (Continued) Axial skeleton: (C) from the right (with intervertebral discs represented by felt pads between the vertebral bodies). (For the hyoid bone see Figs. 3.38B and 3.41.)

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Vertebral body

Transverse process

Foramen transversarium

Pedicle Vertebral foramen Lamina

Bifid spinous process

Vertebral body

Costo-vertebral joint

Costo-transverse joint

Transverse Spinous process process B

Vertebral body Vertebral foramen Pedicle Transverse Articular facet process

Lamina C Spinous process Fig. 2.4 CT axial views of a typical vertebra: (A) cervical, (B) thoracic showing rib articulation, (C) lumbar.

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Supraspinous ligament Intervertebral Ligamentum disc flavum Interspinous ligament

Posterior Anterior longitudinal longitudinal ligament ligament Fig. 2.5 Drawing of upper lumbar spinal column.

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Sternal end of clavicle

Coracoid process Acromioclavicular joint Medial Acromion of border scapula Body of Greater scapula tubercle Lesser Margin of tubercle glenoid cavity Intertubercular groove Shoulder Head joint

Humerus

Lateral Medial epicondyle epicondyle Capitulum Trochlea Proximal radioulnar Elbow joint joint Coronoid Neck process Tuberosity Ulna Radius Head Lower end

Styloid process Distal radioulnar joint

Styloid process Wrist joint Carpal bones

Metacarpal Phalanges bones

Fig. 2.6 Bones of the right upper limb: (A) from the front. (Continued)

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Clavicle Acromion

Supraspinous Head fossa Anatomical neck Spine of scapula Greater Infraspinous tubercle fossa Surgical Rim of glenoid neck cavity Humerus Lateral border

Olecranon Medial fossa epicondyle Lateral Olecranon epicondyle Head

Radius

Ulna Lower end

Head

Styloid Styloid process process

Fig. 2.6 (Continued) Bones of the right upper limb: (B) from behind. (Continued)

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Spine Clavicle Scapula

Coracoid process

Greater tubercle

Humerus

Olecranon Lateral epicondyle

Head

Radius Ulna

Head

Lower end

Styloid process

Fig. 2.6 (Continued) Bones of the right upper limb: (C) from the right. (Note: The radiograph of the shoulder is viewed from above down rather than laterally.)

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Iliac crest Sacroiliac joint Anterior Pubic tubercle superior iliac spine Acetabulum Anterior Pubic symphysis inferior iliac spine Neck Hip bone Intertrochanteric Greater line trochanter

Hip joint Head

Femur Patella Lateral Medial epicondyle epicondyle Medial condyle Lateral Knee joint condyle • Medial condyle of tibia Lateral • condyle of tibia Tuberosity Head

Fibula Tibia

Lateral Medial malleolus malleolus Ankle joint Tarsal bones Metatarsal bones Phalanges

Fig. 2.7 Bones of the right lower limb: (A) from the front, with the sacrum and part of the left hip bone. (Continued)

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Iliac crest Superior pubic ramus Ilium Pubic Posterior symphysis superior iliac spine Ischial spine Rim of Body of pubis acetabulum Obturator foramen Greater trochanter Ischial tuberosity Head Neck Inferior pubic ramus Intertrochanteric crest

Lesser trochanter

Medial Linea aspera condyle Femur Medial condyle of tibia Lateral Popliteal condyle surface Lateral condyle of tibia

Superior tibiofibular joint

Head Fibula

Inferior Tibia tibiofibular joint Medial malleolus Lateral malleolus Talus

Calcaneus B

Fig. 2.7 (Continued) Bones of the right lower limb: (B) from behind, with part of the left hip bone. (Continued)

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Ilium

• Head of femur

Greater • sciatic • Greater notch • • trochanter • Ischial • spine Lesser sciatic notch

Ischial tuberosity

Patella

• Lateral • condyle • • Lateral condyle of tibia

Head of fibula

Lateral malleolus

• • Calcaneus

Fig. 2.7 (Continued) Bones of the right lower limb: (C) from the right.

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First metacarpal epiphyseal plate

Radial Ulnar epiphyseal epiphyseal plate plate

Fig. 2.8 Radiograph (anteroposterior view) of the right wrist of a 17 year old demonstrating cartilaginous growth (epiphyseal) plates.

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