Skeletal System

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Lab Exercises: Skeletal System Question #1: Skull A. Temporal bone E. Parietal bone B. Lacrimal bone F. Nasal bone C. Zygomatic bone G. Maxilla D. Frontal bone H. Mandible Question #2: Skull (Lat) I A. Parietal bone E. Coronal suture B. Squamosal suture F. Frontal bone C. Lambdoid suture G. Nasal bone D. Occipital bone H. Zygomatic bone Question # 3: Skull (Lat) II A. External acoustic meatus E. Mandibular condyle B. Sutural bone F. Maxilla C. Mastoid process G. Mandible D. Shpenoid bone Copyright © 2011 A.D.A.M., Inc. All rights reserved. Lab Exercises: Skeletal System Question # 4: Cervical vertebrae A. Dens of C2 vertebra C. Posterior arch of C1 vertebra B. Spinous process of C7 vertebra D. 1st rib Question # 5: Isolated Vertebrae A. Transverse process of vertebra D. Body of vertebra B. Pedicle E. Superior articular process of vertebra C. Spinous process of vertebra F. Inferior articular process of vertebra Question # 6: Scapulae (Post) A. Superior angle of scapula E. Clavicle B. Supraspinous fossa of scapula F. Acromion process of scapula C. Infraspinous fossa of scapula G. Spine of scapula D. Medial border of scapula H. Lateral border of scapula Copyright © 2011 A.D.A.M., Inc. All rights reserved. Lab Exercises: Skeletal System Question # 7: Bones of Upper Limb A. Acromion process of scapula E. Clavicle B. Head of humerus F. Coracoid process of scapula C. Capitulum of humerus G. Trochlea of humerus D. Radius H. Ulna Question # 8: Bones of Forearm A. Head of radius E. Coronoid process of ulna B. Tuberosity of radius F. Tuberosity of ulna C. Body of radius G. Body of ulna D. Styloid process of radius H. Head of ulna Question # 9: Bones of Hand I A. Scaphoid E. Lunate B. Capitate F. Triquetral C. Trapezium G. Pisiform D. Trapezoid H. Hamate Copyright © 2011 A.D.A.M., Inc. All rights reserved. Lab Exercises: Skeletal System Question # 10: Bones of Hand II A. 5th metacarpal E. 1st metacarpal B. 2nd metacarpal F. Proximal phalynx of thumb C. Proximal phalynx of finger G. Distal phalynx of thumb D. Middle phalynx of finger H. Distal phalynx of finger Question # 11: Pelvis (Lat) A. Posterior superior iliac spine E. Crest of ilium B. Posterior inferior iliac spine F. Anterior superior iliac spine C. Spine of ischium G. Anterior inferior iliac spine D. Tuberosity of ischium Question # 12: Pelvis and Lower Limb A. Crest of ilium E. Head of femur B. Greater trochanter of femur F. Sacrum C. Neck of femur G. Superior ramus of pubis D. Lesser trochanter of femur H. Ischium Copyright © 2011 A.D.A.M., Inc. All rights reserved. Lab Exercises: Skeletal System Question # 13: Bones of Lower Limb A. Body of femur E. Patella B. Lateral condyle of femur F. Intercondylar eminence of tibia C. Lateral condyle of tibia G. Medial condyle of tibia D. Head of fibula H. Tuberosity of tibia Question # 14: Bones of Foot I A. Fifth metatarsal E. Second metatarsal B. Fourth metatarsal F. First metarsal C. Proximal phalanx G. Proximal phalanx of great toe D. Middle phalanx H. Distal phalanx Question # 15: Bones of Foot II A. Calcaneus E. Navicular B. Cuboid F. Medial cuneiform C. Lateral cuneiform G. Intermediate cuneiform D. Talus Copyright © 2011 A.D.A.M., Inc. All rights reserved..

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June 3, 2016 Karen B. Desalvo, M.D., M.P.H., M.Sc. Acting Assistant
June 3, 2016 Karen B. DeSalvo, M.D., M.P.H., M.Sc. Acting Assistant Secretary Department of Health and Human Services Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology Attention: RFI Regarding Assessing Interoperability for MACRA 330 C Street, SW, Room 7025A Washington, DC 20201 Subject: Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology; Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015; Request for Information Regarding Assessing Interoperability for MACRA Dear Acting Assistant Secretary DeSalvo: The American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) and orthopaedic specialty societies, representing over 18,000 board-certified orthopaedic surgeons, appreciate the opportunity to provide comments on the Request for Information Regarding Assessing Interoperability for MACRA by the Office of the National Coordinator (ONC) for Health Information Technology, and published in the Federal Register on April 8, 2016. The AAOS has been committed to working with ONC in the adoption of electronic health records. As surgical specialists, we have unique Health Information Technology (HIT) needs and respectfully offer some suggestions to improve interoperability to better reflect the needs of our surgical specialists and their patients and accelerate HIT adoption in the future by orthopaedic surgeons. The AAOS thanks ONC in advance for its solicitation and consideration of the following comments and concerns. We have structured our comments in the order that ONC is soliciting public feedback in the RFI document referenced above. Scope of Measurement: Defining Interoperability and Population The focus of measurement should not be limited to “meaningful Electronic Health Records (EHR) users,” as defined (e.g., eligible professionals, eligible hospitals, and CAHs that attest to meaningful use of certified EHR technology under CMS’ Medicare and Medicaid EHR Incentive Programs), and their exchange partners.
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General Introduction of Anatomy
ﺍﳌﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻲ / ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻓﺮﻉ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻧﺪ General introduction of Anatomy 2013 – 2014 Dr. ASHRAF Ali AL-ZUBAIDI Dr. ASHRAF Ali AL-ZUBAIDI 2013-2014 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION Anatomy: is the science of body structures and the relationships among Structures. At first the anatomy was studied by dissection, the carful cutting apart of body structures to study their relationships, Nowadays, many imaging of anatomical (ﺗﻘﺪم) to the advancement (ﺗﺴﺎھﻢ) techniques also contribute knowledge. The Anatomy is including many of fields, which is: It is the study of different : (اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﻲ ) Macroscopic examination 1- structures , which make up the human body . It is the study of : (اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﻤﺠﮭﺮي ) Microscopic examination 2- seen (اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ اﻟﺤﻲ ) microscopic different structures of an organism only by use of a microscope . It is the study of different structures as : (اﻻﺟﮭﺰة اﻟﺠﺴﻤﯿﺔ) Systemic 3- : It comprises of the followings . (ﻛﻜﯿﺎﻧﺎت ﻓﺮدﯾﺔ) individual entities .The bony system \ ( ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻌﻈﺎم ) Osteology • . The articular system or joint \(ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ ) Syndesmology • . The muscular system \ (ﻋﻠﻢ الﻋﻀﻼت )Myology • , Comprising the heart , blood vessels \ (ﻋﻠﻢ اﻻوﻋﯿﺔ ) Angiology • ( اﻟﻌﻘﺪ اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎوﯾﺔ)lymph nodes & (اﻻوﻋﯿﺔ اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎوﯾﺔ) lymph vessels .The nervous system \(ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﻌﺼﺒﻲ) Neurology • , ( اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺤﺸﻮي ) The visceral system \ (ﻋﻠﻢ اﻻﺣﺸﺎء) Splanchnology • , (ﻧﻈﺎم اﻧﺒﻮﺑﻲ – ھﻀﻤﻲ ) comprising two tubular system – digestive . (اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ) and genital (اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ) urinary tract The study of form and marking of those :(اﻟﺘﺸﺮﯾﺢ اﻟﺴﻄﺤﻲ) Surface 4- structures by examination through skin. .It is the study of development before birth :(ﻋﻠﻢ اﻻﺟﻨﺔ) Embryology 5- GLOSSARY OF ANATOMIC TERMINOLOGY description of location (ﯾﺴﻤﺢ) Reference position of body permitting and movements: 1- Term of Anatomical position: • Head ……….
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Bone Limb Upper
Shoulder Pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle) Scapula Acromioclavicular joint proximal end of Humerus Clavicle Sternoclavicular joint Bone: Upper limb - 1 Scapula Coracoid proc. 3 angles Superior Inferior Lateral 3 borders Lateral angle Medial Lateral Superior 2 surfaces 3 processes Posterior view: Acromion Right Scapula Spine Coracoid Bone: Upper limb - 2 Scapula 2 surfaces: Costal (Anterior), Posterior Posterior view: Costal (Anterior) view: Right Scapula Right Scapula Bone: Upper limb - 3 Scapula Glenoid cavity: Glenohumeral joint Lateral view: Infraglenoid tubercle Right Scapula Supraglenoid tubercle posterior anterior Bone: Upper limb - 4 Scapula Supraglenoid tubercle: long head of biceps Anterior view: brachii Right Scapula Bone: Upper limb - 5 Scapula Infraglenoid tubercle: long head of triceps brachii Anterior view: Right Scapula (with biceps brachii removed) Bone: Upper limb - 6 Posterior surface of Scapula, Right Acromion; Spine; Spinoglenoid notch Suprspinatous fossa, Infraspinatous fossa Bone: Upper limb - 7 Costal (Anterior) surface of Scapula, Right Subscapular fossa: Shallow concave surface for subscapularis Bone: Upper limb - 8 Superior border Coracoid process Suprascapular notch Suprascapular nerve Posterior view: Right Scapula Bone: Upper limb - 9 Acromial Clavicle end Sternal end S-shaped Acromial end: smaller, oval facet Sternal end: larger,quadrangular facet, with manubrium, 1st rib Conoid tubercle Trapezoid line Right Clavicle Bone: Upper limb - 10 Clavicle Conoid tubercle: inferior
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Parts of the Body 1) Head – Caput, Capitus 2) Skull- Cranium Cephalic- Toward the Skull Caudal- Toward the Tail Rostral- Toward the Nose 3) Collum (Pl
BIO 3330 Advanced Human Cadaver Anatomy Instructor: Dr. Jeff Simpson Department of Biology Metropolitan State College of Denver 1 PARTS OF THE BODY 1) HEAD – CAPUT, CAPITUS 2) SKULL- CRANIUM CEPHALIC- TOWARD THE SKULL CAUDAL- TOWARD THE TAIL ROSTRAL- TOWARD THE NOSE 3) COLLUM (PL. COLLI), CERVIX 4) TRUNK- THORAX, CHEST 5) ABDOMEN- AREA BETWEEN THE DIAPHRAGM AND THE HIP BONES 6) PELVIS- AREA BETWEEN OS COXAS EXTREMITIES -UPPER 1) SHOULDER GIRDLE - SCAPULA, CLAVICLE 2) BRACHIUM - ARM 3) ANTEBRACHIUM -FOREARM 4) CUBITAL FOSSA 6) METACARPALS 7) PHALANGES 2 Lower Extremities Pelvis Os Coxae (2) Inominant Bones Sacrum Coccyx Terms of Position and Direction Anatomical Position Body Erect, head, eyes and toes facing forward. Limbs at side, palms facing forward Anterior-ventral Posterior-dorsal Superficial Deep Internal/external Vertical & horizontal- refer to the body in the standing position Lateral/ medial Superior/inferior Ipsilateral Contralateral Planes of the Body Median-cuts the body into left and right halves Sagittal- parallel to median Frontal (Coronal)- divides the body into front and back halves 3 Horizontal(transverse)- cuts the body into upper and lower portions Positions of the Body Proximal Distal Limbs Radial Ulnar Tibial Fibular Foot Dorsum Plantar Hallicus HAND Dorsum- back of hand Palmar (volar)- palm side Pollicus Index finger Middle finger Ring finger Pinky finger TERMS OF MOVEMENT 1) FLEXION: DECREASE ANGLE BETWEEN TWO BONES OF A JOINT 2) EXTENSION: INCREASE ANGLE BETWEEN TWO BONES OF A JOINT 3) ADDUCTION: TOWARDS MIDLINE
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Bones of the Skeletal System
BIOLOGY 211: HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY ********************************************************************************************************* BONES OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM ********************************************************************************************************** Reference: Saladin, KS: Anatomy & Physiology, The Unity of Form and Function, 6th ed. (2012) or 7th ed. (2015) Please review Chapters 7 & 8 before beginning this lab. INTRODUCTION The skeletal system has a number of important functions in the human body. It is the framework around which the body is organized, it provides levers for muscles to pull against, and it surrounds and protects many soft organs. Equally important, bones serve as a "buffer" in which calcium and other ions can be deposited and withdrawn according to the changing needs of the body, and they are the site of almost all blood cell production. Contrary to our popular conceptions, bones are not rigid, inflexible structures: they are constantly changing, and can have a remarkable degree of flexibility before they break. The organs of the skeletal system are the bones and joints, and like all organs are composed of different types of tissue. Although we tend to classify them into "types" such as "long bones", "flat bones", etc., each is in fact unique and ideally suited to its particular location and function. We classify bones as belonging to either: a) the axial skeleton (head and trunk) b) the appendicular skeleton (arms and legs), However, you should always bear in mind that the entire skeletal system functions as a unit. If you look at any bone, you will see that it is rarely flat or smooth. Bones have a variety of bumps, grooves, holes, etc. which allow them to serve their specific functions.
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Anatomy of the Knee Bony Structures Quad Muscles
Anatomy of the Knee Bony Structures Quad muscles - Tibia: proximal end forms tibial plateaus, tibial plateaus, articulates with Tendon femoral condyles. o Knee hinge joint flexion/extension Patellar tendon o Tibial plateaus separated by intercodylar tubercles . Medial and lateral tubercle Tibial tuberosity Lateral tibial plateau is smaller compare to medial . Tibial plateaus slope posteriorly o Cruciate ligaments and meniscus attach anterior and posterior to tubercles Fibular head o Distal to plateaus is tibial tuberosity . Common insertion for patellar tendon Lateral condyle o Distal and anterior to plateaus are lateral and medial condyles . Lateral condyle has facet that articulates with head of fibula IT Band Facet = extremely smooth surface of bone o Medial to lateral condyle is Gerdys tubercle o GERDYS tubercle – point of muscular attachment - Femur: medial/lateral condyle o Medial condyle is longer than lateral and slightly more distal o Slight external rotation at terminal (full) extension o Femoral condyles project more posterior than they do anterior o Groove between condyles, anteriorly is trochlear or patello- femoral groove o Posteriorly the condyles are separated by intercodylar notch (fossa) . Notch more narrow in women o Linea aspera: longitudinal ridge on posterior surface of femur (rough line) o Medial and lateral super condylar lines: lines running from each femoral condyle posteriorly to the linea aspera o Femur is longest and strongest bone o Directly superior to condyle is epicondyle (epi – above) o On medial side of medial epicondyle is adductor tubercle . Serves as point of attachment for adductor magnus muscle o Small groove present within medial and lateral condyle to accommodate the medial and lateral meniscus (very shallow) - Patella o Largest Sesamoid bone in body o Rounded, triangular bond and has only one articulation with femur o Can only dislocated laterally o Posterior surface has 3 facets .
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Tibia Length in South Indian Population
Summer & Autumn 2018, Volume 15, Number 2 Research Paper: Anthropometric Measurement of Maximum Tibia Length in South Indian Population Prasanna Veera Kumar Attada1* , Gandrakota Ravindranadh2, Kolla Deena Usha Kumari1 1. Department of Anatomy, NRI Institute of Medical Sciences, Visakhapatanam, India. 2. Department of Anatomy, Perdana University - Royal College Surgeons in Ireland, Selangor, Malaysia. Citation: Attada PVK, Ravindranadh G, Kumari KDU. Anthropometric Measurement of Maximum Tibia Length in South Indian Population. Anatomical Sciences. 2018; 15(2):47-54. Dr. Prasanna Veera Kumar Attada did his MBBS at Osmania University. Then, He continued his education at the Dr NTR University if Health Sciences and received his Masters degree in Anatomy. He is currently an associate professor in the Department of Anatomy at NRI Institute of Medical Sciences, Visakhapatnam, India. Funding: See Page 52 Copyright: The Author(s) A B S T R A C T Introduction: The human stature forms part of his or her biological profile. It becomes more important during personal identification in case of mass disasters and in search of missing Article info: persons. We measured various parameters of the dried tibia, then by applying linear regression Received: 25 Dec 2017 we formulated maximum tibia length which can be conveniently used for arriving at human Accepted: 18 May 2018 stature. Available Online: 01 Jul 2018 Methods: The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive statistics methods and expressed as mean (SD). The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to express the relationship between the Maximum Tibia Length (MTL) and other parameters of tibia. The linear regression analysis was performed and the regression equation was arrived for the prediction of MTL.
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Skeletal System -Appendicular System
Skeletal System -Appendicular System Chapter 8 Part B Skeleton - Divisions Total number of bones: 206 Divided into two major subdivisions: Axial system….blue Appendicular system….tan Axial system: Composed of bones that form the axis of the body. 80 bones. Appendicular system: Composed of bones that form The limbs. The bones that attach the limbs to the axial. 126 bones. Practice…Practice…Practice…Practice…Practice!! Appendicular Skeleton Appendicular system: Pectoral girdle 4 bones Upper extremity 60 bones Pelvic girdle 2 bones Lower extremity 60 bones 126 bones Appendicular Skeleton Appendicular system: Pectoral girdle 4 bones Upper extremity 60 bones Pelvic girdle 2 bones Lower extremity 60 bones 126 bones Upper Extremity/Limb Upper limbs/extremities are composed of 60 bones…30 bones in each limb: Upperarm – Humerus Forearm – Radius and Ulna Wrist – Carpals Hand – Metacarpals in palm – Phalanges in fingers and thumb Upper Extremity/Limb - Humerus Body/Shaft Humerus: long bone. Has 3 regions: Proximal end articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula. Distal end articulates with radius and ulna. Body/Shaft: diaphysis between proximal and distal ends. Has rough surface – deltoid tuberosity…for deltoid muscle attachment. Upper Extremity/Limb - Humerus Body/Shaft Humerus - Proximal end: Head: rounded projection fits into glenoid cavity of scapula. Greater and lesser tubercles: projections next to the head for muscle attachment. Intertubercular sulcus: groove between the tubercles accommodates tendon of an arm muscle. Upper Extremity/Limb - Humerus Body/Shaft Humerus - Distal end: Anterior surface: Capitulum: small, rounded knob articulates with proximal end of radius of forearm. Trochlea: spool-shaped structure articulates with proximal end of ulna of forearm.
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Intraosseous Bioplasty for a Subchondral Cyst in the Lateral Condyle of Femur
Journal of Clinical Medicine Brief Report Intraosseous Bioplasty for a Subchondral Cyst in the Lateral Condyle of Femur Anish G.R. Potty 1,2,3, Ashim Gupta 1,4,5,6 , Hugo C. Rodriguez 1,2 , Ian W. Stone 2 and Nicola Maﬀulli 7,8,9,* 1 South Texas Orthopaedic Research Institute, Laredo, TX 78045, USA; [email protected] (A.G.R.P.); [email protected] (A.G.); [email protected] (H.C.R.) 2 School of Osteopathic Medicine, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX 78209, USA; [email protected] 3 Laredo Sports Medicine Clinic, Laredo, TX 78041, USA 4 Department of Psychology, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL 61701, USA 5 Future Biologics, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA 6 BioIntegrate, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA 7 Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy 8 Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4DG, UK 9 School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University Faculty of Medicine, Stoke on Trent ST4 7QB, UK * Correspondence: n.maﬀ[email protected] Received: 7 April 2020; Accepted: 4 May 2020; Published: 6 May 2020 Abstract: Several conditions can lead to the development of a subchondral cyst. The mechanism by which the cysts form, their location, and their severity depend on the underlying pathology, although the exact pathogenesis is not fully elucidated. Treatment options vary according to the location of the cyst, with less invasive procedures such as calcium phosphate cement injection to a joint arthroplasty when there is an extensive cyst in communication with the joint space.
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Developing Learning Models to Teach Equine Anatomy and Biomechanics
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Honors College Spring 5-2017 Developing Learning Models to Teach Equine Anatomy and Biomechanics Zandalee E. Toothaker University of Maine Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors Part of the Animal Sciences Commons, and the Veterinary Anatomy Commons Recommended Citation Toothaker, Zandalee E., "Developing Learning Models to Teach Equine Anatomy and Biomechanics" (2017). Honors College. 453. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors/453 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors College by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DEVELOPING LEARNING MODELS TO TEACH EQUINE ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS By Zandalee E. Toothaker A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for a Degree with Honors (Animal and Veterinary Science) The Honors College University of Maine May 2017 Advisory Committee: Dr. Robert C. Causey, Associate Professor of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Advisor Dr. David Gross, Adjunct Associate Professor in Honors (English) Dr. Sarah Harlan-Haughey, Assistant Professor of English and Honors Dr. Rita L. Seger, Researcher of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Dr. James Weber, Associate Professor and Animal and Veterinary Sciences © 2017 Zandalee Toothaker All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Animal owners and professionals benefit from an understanding of an animal’s anatomy and biomechanics. This is especially true of the horse. A better understanding of the horse’s anatomy and weight bearing capabilities will allow people to treat and prevent injuries in equine athletes and work horses.
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Arm and Cubital Fossa
Two Minute History M1 - Anatomy Dissection: • 300 B.C Arm and Cubital Alexandrian Egypt: King Ptolemy I, its ok Fossa to dissect cadavers of executed, mummies etc… •Herophilus “Father of Anatomy” accused by a rival of DG Simpson, Ph.D. dissecting 600 criminals…..live criminals VCU Department of Anatomy •1300 AD Europe Pope Boniface VIII edict to stop dissection to reduce the flow of bodies “parted out and boiled” from the crusades. Unclear if this is broad ban or very narrow. 1 2 Dissection: Dissection: •1540 parliament passes “The United Company of Barbers and •1700’s with the expansion of medical Surgeons, dissect 4-6 executed schools cadavers are used as tuition criminals/yr (not enough even then) •Competition is very high and medical •1600’s Britain. The executed are schools actively advertise that training includes dissections etc.. dissected in public as punishment • 1628 William Harvey •1828 London had 10 full time (cardiovascular fame). Autopsy & 200 part time body snatchers (“seasonal work” at 312 bodies/yr) of live and dead…. Medicine expands and shortages develop •Inventions to foil grave robbers Harvey dissects father and sister •1828 Robert Knox….and the rest • 1740’s Lots of private medical is amazing history. schools competing for students, William Hogarth The Reward of Cruelty 3 4 market forces develop 1750-1751 Dissection: •Burke was hanged: 25,000 watched. Hare was granted immunity as crowd called “Burke Hare” •1828, knock on the •Burke dissected: 30,000 came to see the open lab door, Knox’s assistant purchases a cadaver
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Species - Domesticus (Chicken) to Mammals (Human Being)
Int. J. LifeSc. Bt & Pharm. Res. 2013 Sunil N Tidke and Sucheta S Tidke, 2013 ISSN 2250-3137 www.ijlbpr.com Vol. 2, No. 4, October 2013 © 2013 IJLBPR. All Rights Reserved Research Paper MORPHOLOGY OF KNEE JOINT - CLASS- AVES - GENUS - GALLUS, - SPECIES - DOMESTICUS (CHICKEN) TO MAMMALS (HUMAN BEING) Sunil N Tidke1* and Sucheta S Tidke2 *Corresponding Author: Sunil N Tidke [email protected] In the present investigation, a detailed comparison is made between the human knee and the knee of chicken (Gallus domesticus), with the object of determining similarities or variation of structure and their possible functional significance, if any special attention has been paid to bone taking part in joint, the surrounding muscles and tendons, which play an important part in stabilizing these joints, the form and attachments of the intraarticular menisci, which have been credited with the function of ensuring efficient lubrication throughout joints movement, and to the ligaments, the function of which is disputed. Keywords: Bony articular part, Intra capsular and extra capsular structure and Muscular changes INTRODUCTION patella. A narrow groove on the lateral condyle of femur articulate with the head of the fibula and The manner in which the main articulations of intervening femoro fibular disc. The tibia has a the vertebrate have become variously modified enormous ridge and crest for the insertion of the in relation to diverse function has been patellar tendon and origin of the extensor muscle. investigated by many workers, notably, Parsons The cavity of the joint communicates above and (1900) and Haines (1942). The morphology of the below the menisci with the central part of joint knee joint of human has been studied in great around the cruciate ligament.
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