Cultivation of Uncaria Gambir for Critical Land Rehabilitation In

Humboldt Kolleg – International Conference on Natural Sciences, HK-ICONS 2014 Commented [E1]: MOHON DIPERHATIKAN Cultivation of Uncaria gambir for Critical Land 1.Mohon komentar yang sudah diberikan jangan dihapus. 2.Apabila ada komentar balik harap langsung dituliskan dalam ko Rehabilitation in Pakpak Bharat North Sumatra tak Comment ini. 3.Untuk revisi langsung saja pada dokumen ini. Indonesia 4.Harap diubah ke dalam template ICONS 5.Beberapa kata yang perlu diperbaiki adalah kata yang diberi war na merah. Rahmawatya,* Abdul Rauf b,and Ameilia Z. Siregarb 6.Semua tanda penghubung yang menggunakan minus (-) sebaikn 1Forestry Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara ya diganti menggunakan en dash (–) Jl. Tri Dharma Ujung No. 1 Kampus USU, Medan, 20155, North Sumatra, Indonesia 7.Mohon ditambahkan nomenclature sesuai dengan template ICO 2Department of Agroecotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sumatera Utara University NS, hanya saja peletakannya di bawah Keywords dan di atas Intro duction. Commented [E2]: Penulisan tidak menggunakan Bold Commented [E3]: Abstract 1.Penulisan menggunakan huruf sesuai dengan yang dipakai pada nama Uncaria gambir Roxb. (Gambier), a well known Southeast Asia plant, is one of the important plants in North Sumatera. 2.Mohon keterangan diisikan lengkap (format: Fisrt affiliation, The study aimed to evaluate a production of Gambier plant cultivated in critical land in Pakpak Bharat Regency, North Address, City and Postcode, Country) Sumatra Province. The study was conducted since January to October 2013. The study was done using descriptive analysis to evaluate the progress of Gambier plant growth in relation to the status of soils and others chemistry of the land, such as the peak hill, the slope of valleys, and the lower slope. The study was taken 12 points sampling to composite 4 replicates with the depth of 0-20 cm and 40-60 cm. The result showed that the level of c-organic ratio is Commented [E4]: Penggunaan makna “sampai”, “hingga” low to higher so that it does not need fertilizers. Granting of dolomite to raise the pH of the soil has not been done sebaiknya menggunakan kata “to” dan masing-masing angka because the pH of the soil is still suitable for the growth and production of Gambier. Provision of fertilizer N and K is diberikan satuan, contoh: 10 cm to 20 cm atau (10 to 20) cm. quite a half or one-third of the dose due to nutrient levels pertained to land which N content on topsoil is moderate and lower on lower layers. The interchangeable of K content which belongs to the moderate to high on the top layer and the bottom layer is low. Phosphate fertilization and the granting of fertilizer Ca and Mg are absolutely necessary because the P-levels are available, although P-total as well as the levels of Ca and Mg can be exchanged very low. The growth of Gambier is better on the peaks hills and slopes of valleys compared to the lower slope/valley. Keywords: critical land; rehabilitation; Uncaria gambir Roxb.; cultivation; Pakpak Bharat Commented [E5]: Penulisan Keyword tidak menggunakan Bold hanya Italic, sedangkan isi keyword tidak di Italic. 1. Introduction Uncaria gambir Roxb.(Gambier) is a member of the Rubiaceae family and contains an officially recognized Commented [E6]: Masing-masing paragraf diberikan spasi 3 pharmacological compound [1]. Uncaria gambir Roxb. is one of the commodities of industrial plants which ketuk, pada ketukan keempat baru memulai tulisan. high economic value as well as a good prospect for farmers and suppliers of foreign countries. In Indonesia, Commented [E7]: Penggunaan keterangan kutipan tidak Uncaria gambir Roxb. up to decades before this commonly used as components for thomsoniae, which in memakai angka yang diberi kurung siku, melainkan angka yang di superscript. a * Corresponding author. Tel.: +62 61 8220605; fax: +62 61 8211924. E-mail address: [email protected] Rahmawaty, Abdul Rauf,and Ameilia Z. Siregar its development, Gambier had many used to mix medications, such as burns, headaches, diarrhea, dysentery, gargles, canker sores, sore skin, helped smooth the process of digestion in the stomach and intestines, tanners and textile dyes [2,3]. Currently, Gambier had developed its use as the main raw material for plywood and particle board, but has also created as a tea bag materials and refreshing beverages such as juice and other foods [4]. The main producing area of Gambier in Indonesia is central and southern Sumatra, and is commonly known is derived from West and South Sumatra Regency [5]. Gambier is generally cultivated on land with an altitude of 650-800 meters above sea level with a flat to topographical of hillside. Usually, the Gambier Commented [E8]: Masing-masing diberikan satuan dan plant as a crop plantation in the yard or garden on the edge of the forest. The cultivation usually semi menggunakan kata penghubung “to”. Satuan meter disingkat intensive, rarely given the fertilizer, but clean up and pruning remains committed. menjadi “m” In these areas, planting Gambier production center is generally done on land that is surging up hilly with a very simple management. The appearance of the plant on a stretch of which is not uniform, there are already advanced about 50 years old. Some Gambier are newly planted, as well as the morphology of the plants that shaped shrubs and climbing slightly with permanent stands, because only the shoots harvested, can be utilized as Gambier plant conservation. With a distance of planting line and arranged in such a way and follow the contour lines can be plays the role of surface runoff and erosion control which in turn can act as plant rehabilitation [6]. Besidesin West Sumatra, Gambier is also widely developed in North Sumatra[7,3]. The producer of Gambier in North Sumatra is North Tapanuli Regency, Tapanuli Tengah Regency, Deli Serdang Regency and Pakpak Bharat Regency. In Pakpak Bharat, Gambier is one of the leading commodities after coffee, patchouli and incense. Gambier in Pakpak Bharat most or even almost entirely developed on hills and sloping land. Gambier plantation area in Pakpak Bharat in 2009, which is entirely a plantation, reaching 700 ha with production reaching 400 tonnes per year [8]. Commented [E9]: Dalam penggunaan satuan sebaiknya dimasukkan ke dalam nomenclature keterangan 1 ton sama dengan From July 2012, the government of Pakpak Bharat Regency has opened over 100 hectares cultivation of berapa. Gambier plantation, starting December 2012 to March 2013. The location was done at Penanggalan Mbinangaboang village, Salak Sub district. The plantation of Gambier in Pakpak Bharat prepared to become one of the companies in the area of Pakpak Bharat, opened in a critical area (abandoned land) and as a model and pilot project for farmer to effort rehabilitate critical land and modernize the techniques of cultivation. 2. Material and Methods Research is carried out by descriptive observation of nutrient status and other soil chemical properties as well as Gambier plant growth planted simultaneously at the department of agriculture and Gambier Commented [E10]: plantations-UPT Pakpak Bharat in the of Mbinangaboang Village, Salak Sub-district since January 1995 to 1.Sebaiknya sebelum dan sesudah tanda operasional diberikan spasi December 2013. 2.Masing-masing diberikan satuan atau dibuat dalam kurung sesuai dengan contoh sebelumnya. The land used as a critical area of dry land was 100 ha of vegetation dominated by reeds (Imperata 3.Penggunaan tanda operasional menggunakan (×) cylindrica) (Figure 1) made the minimum tillage use tractors and seeds planted with planting distance was Commented [E11]: Jumlah angka di bawah 9 sebaiknya 2x2.5 meters with rows of parallel contour plant. Treatment plants in the first 3 months starting from menggunakan word. planting until clearing the weeds around the circular base of the stem to form a dish is about 15-20 cm from Commented [E12]: Satuan waktu sebaiknya menggunakan the base of the stem. After 4 month, old plants and so on weeds at the base of the stem and land controlled singkatan. by means of in-stream use cutting tripe and let the rest of the plants (weeds) will remain on the ground “s” untuk second, “min” untuk minute, “h” untuk hour, “d” untuk day, “mo” untuk month, dan “yr” untuk year Rahmawaty, Abdul Rauf,and Ameilia Z. Siregar surface covering the stump weed itself which then acts as a mulch. At this stage the base of the stem does not create disc again but clearing by the morphology of the root development of hair from the surface of the area spread in Gambier train around the base of the stem. Basic fertilizer used is a compound fertilizer NPK (15: 15: 15) and KCl with doses of 100 grams each and 25 grams per tree which applicated one day after planting. Dolomite is given as ameliorant materials applied into planting holes (one week before planting) as much as 1 kg per hole. The evaluation of soil fertility through soil sampling was carried out in the first month of planting (January 2013). Soil samples were taken at a depth of 0-20 cm and 40-60 cm for the first month (January). From each picked up 12 points at the top of the hill, 12 points on its flanks, and 12 points on the bottom (the valley) area. Of the 12 point this composite divided into 4 soil samples (as Deuteronomy) which mean that any repeat of a composite of 3-point shots. The observations were made to the soil nutrient elements such as N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na and other soil chemical properties of C-organic, ratio c/n, saturation of bases (KB), cation exchange capacity (CEC), the pH and the saturation Al. observation of plants done to high plant and count the number of branches (shoots) that is formed as the image of productivity due to Gambier plant production (harvesting) to quote parts of the set.

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