A Adas, Michael, 23–25 Aeria, D.A., 201 Africa, Partition Of, 14 “Age Of
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Strategy of Shifting Cultivators in West Kalimantan in Adapting to the Market Economy: Empirical Evidence Behind Gaps in Interdisciplinary Communication
The strategy of shifting cultivators in West Kalimantan in adapting to the market economy: empirical evidence behind gaps in interdisciplinary communication Prudensius Maring1 Budi Luhur University, Indonesia Abstract Issues of climate change and expansion of large-scale land acquisition for industrial plantations continue to ravage the shifting cultivation system that 300–500 million subsistence farmer households depend on. In Indonesia, particularly in Kalimantan and Sumatera, village communities continue to practice shifting cultivation amidst the conversion of lands into industrial plantations. The rampant conversion of farmer's land by large scale companies based in the market economy has resulted in the decline of the shifting cultivation system, and compelled them to enter commercial production. I employed qualitative methods, conducting in- depth interviews and observations in West Kalimantan in 2018. Shifting cultivation today is not just for subsistence, but it is also a strategy to maintain claims to land that has been handed over to companies. Concurrently, people have been developing community plantations using industrial commodities such as rubber and oil palm, which still incorporate subsistence features. The changes occurring in villages have led to conflict since land availability has reduced, while the alternative of working for forestry and plantation companies is hampered by their lack of skills and knowledge. Theoretically, this study indicates the need for communication and synergy between the perspectives of political ecology and cultural ecology in order to understand the socio-politico-economic complexities haunting the village community's alterations in subsistence strategies. The practical implications are that land-based village development should open up communication among stakeholders and position village communities as the key beneficiary in the long run. -
“Growth and Production of Rubber”
biblio.ugent.be The UGent Institutional Repository is the electronic archiving and dissemination platform for all UGent research publications. Ghent University has implemented a mandate stipulating that all academic publications of UGent researchers should be deposited and archived in this repository. Except for items where current copyright restrictions apply, these papers are available in Open Access. This item is the archived peer-reviewed author-version of: Growth and production of rubber Verheye, W. In: Verheye, W. (ed.), Land Use, Land Cover and Soil Sciences. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), UNESCO-EOLSS Publishers, Oxford, UK. http://www.eolss.net To refer to or to cite this work, please use the citation to the published version: Verheye, W. (2010). Growth and Production of Rubber . In: Verheye, W. (ed.), Land Use, Land Cover and Soil Sciences . Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), UNESCO-EOLSS Publishers, Oxford, UK . http://www.eolss.net GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF RUBBER Willy Verheye, National Science Foundation Flanders and Geography Department, University of Gent, Belgium Keywords : Agro-chemicals, estate, Hevea, industrial plantations, land clearing, land management, latex, rubber. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Origin and distribution 3 Botany 3.1 Cultivars and Classification 3.2 Structure 3.3 Pollination and Propagation 4. Ecology and Growing Conditions 4.1 Climate Requirements 4.2 Soil Requirements 5. Land and Crop Husbandry 5.1 Planting and Land Management 5.2 Plantation Maintenance 6. Tapping and Processing 6.1 Tapping 6.2 Collection of Tapped Latex 6.3 Processing 7. Utilization and Use 8. Production and Trade 9. Environmental and Social Constraints of Plantation Crops 9.1 Land Tenure 9.2 Land Clearing 9.3 Use of Agrochemicals 9.4 Social and Rural Development 9.5 Biodiversity Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary Rubber is a tropical tree crop which is mainly grown for the industrial production of latex. -
Bridges of Singapore River 15 Copy
6 1 Anderson Bridge (1910) ‘Bridges are a 2 5 Cavenagh Bridge (1869) 4 3 Elgin Bridge (1929) monument to progress’ 3 4 Read Bridge (1889) −Joseph Strauss, chief engineer of the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco 5 Ord Bridge (1886) To commemorate Singapore’s bicentennial year, The Straits Times 6 Clemenceau Bridge (1991) infographics artist Teoh Yi Chie explored the Singapore River on foot to sketch 2 1 the bridges that have contributed to the rich history of the country. SCAN TO WATCH 1 This steel bridge with three arches was completed in 1910 and was named Anderson Bridge after Sir John Anderson, Governor of the Straits Settlements and High Commissioner (1910) for the Federated Malay States (1904-1911). Anderson Bridge was built with the intention to replace the overloaded Cavenagh Bridge due to increasing trafc into town. However, when the bridge was completed, Cavenagh Bridge was spared from demolition and converted into a pedestrian bridge instead. Cavenagh Bridge (1869) This bridge was completed in 1869 and is the oldest bridge across the Singapore River. It is named after Governor Sir William Orfeur Cavenagh, the last British India-appointed Governor of the Straits 3 Present-day Elgin Bridge was built in 1929 Settlements. This bridge linked the in the same location as the former bridges colonial ofces to the nancial district. Elgin Bridge before it, namely, the 1823 Jackson Bridge, Before this bridge was built, to cross the (1929) 1844 Thomson Bridge and the original 1862 river, locals had to pay a fare to boatmen Elgin Bridge. The bridge was continually or walk on a temporary wooden footbridge upgraded to cope with increasing trafc. -
Biodiversity in Locally Managed Lands
land Biodiversity in Locally Managed Lands Edited by Jeffrey Sayer and Chris Margules Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Land www.mdpi.com/journal/land Biodiversity in Locally Managed Lands Special Issue Editors Jeffrey Sayer Chris Margules MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade Special Issue Editors Jeffrey Sayer Chris Margules James Cook University, Australia James Cook University, Australia Tanah Air Beta, Indonesia University of Indonesia, Indonesia Editorial Office MDPI AG St. Alban-Anlage 66 Basel, Switzerland This edition is a reprint of the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Land (ISSN 2073-445X) from 2016–2017 (available at: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/land/special_issues/biodiversity_managed). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: Author 1; Author 2. Article title. Journal Name Year, Article number, page range. First Edition 2017 ISBN 978-3-03842-454-3 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03842-455-0 (PDF) Artic les in this vo lume are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Co mmo ns Attributio n license (CC BY), whic h allows users to download, copy and build upon published artic les even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maxi mum disse minatio n and a wide r impac t of our public atio ns. The boo k taken as a who le is © 2017 MDPI, Base l, Switze rland, distribute d unde r the te rms and co nditio ns of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND (http://c reativeco mmons.o rg/licenses/by -nc -nd/4.0/). -
“S.S. KUALA” Researched Passenger List Sunk at Pom Pong Island 14 February 1942 [Version 6.8.0; April 2017]
“S.S. KUALA” Researched Passenger List Sunk at Pom Pong Island 14 February 1942 [Version 6.8.0; April 2017] Preface: This list and document have been compiled as a memorial and out of empathy and respect to the women, children and men who lost their lives in that cruel attack by Japanese bombers on the small coastal ship, converted into an auxiliary vessel, “SS. Kuala” on 14 February 1942, twelve hours after it escaped from Singapore. This was the day before Singapore surrendered to the Japanese. Many of the women and children were killed on the ship itself, but even more by continued direct bombing and machine gunning of the sea by Japanese bombers whilst they were desperately trying to swim the few hundred yards to safety on the shores of Pom Pong Island. Many others were swept away by the strong currents which are a feature around Pom Pong Island and, despite surviving for several days, only a handful made it to safety. The Captain of the “Kuala”, Lieutenant Caithness, recorded of the moment “…thirty men and women floated past on rafts and drifted east and then south – west, however only three survivors were picked up off a raft on the Indragiri River, a man and his wife and an army officer…”. The bombing continued even onto the Island itself as the survivors scrambled across slippery rocks and up the steep slopes of the jungle tangled hills of this small uninhabited island in the Indonesian Archipelago – once again, Caithness, recorded “…but when the struggling women were between the ships and the rocks the Jap had turned and deliberately bombed the women in the sea and those struggling on the rocks…”. -
Peat Swamp and Lowland Forests of Sumatra (Indonesia)
Forest Area Key Facts & Peat Swamp and Lowland Carbon Emissions Forests of Sumatra (Indonesia) from Deforestation Forest location and brief description With an area of some 470,000 km2, Sumatra is Indonesia’s largest island, and the world’s sixth largest, supporting 40 million people. The lowland forests cover approximately 118,300 km2 of the eastern part of the island. These rainforests are characterized by large, buttressed trees dominated by the Dipterocarpaceae family, woody climbers and epiphytes. Figs are also common in the lowland forests. There are more than 100 fig species in Sumatra. According to the SPOT Vegetation 2006 data, the Sumatran peat swamp forests total approximately 33,600 km2. These forests are located on Sumatra’s eastern coast and boast the deepest peat in Indonesia. Over 30 per cent of Sumatra’s peat are over 4 metres deep. Most of the peat are in the Sumatran province of Riau (56.1 per cent of its total provincial area). Unique qualities of forest area Sumatra’s lowland forests are home to a range of species including: Sumatran pine, Rafflesia arnoldii (the world’s largest individual flower, measuring up to 1 metre wide), Amorphophallus spp. (world’s tallest and largest inflorescence flower measuring up to 2 metres tall), Sumatran tiger, orang utan, Sumatran rhinoceros, Sumatran elephant, Malayan tapir, Malayan sun bear, Bornean clouded leopard, and many birds and butterflies. Although Sumatra’s peat swamp forests do not support an abundant terrestrial wildlife, they do support some of the island’s biggest and • The forest sector accounts rarest animals, such as the critically endangered Sumatran tiger, and the for 85 per cent of Indonesia’s endangered Sumatran rhinoceros and Asian elephant. -
Bridging Singapore City Beyond Illumination Breathing New Life to the Singapore River and Creating a Unique City Identity Through LED Lighting Technology
Case study Bridging Singapore city beyond illumination Breathing new life to the Singapore River and creating a unique city identity through LED lighting technology. Singapore Location Singapore Philips products ColorGraze Powercore iColor Flex MX gen2 Vaya Flood HP ColorBurst Powercore Transforming the heart of Singapore through the lighting up of five iconic river bridges. Going beyond illumination to add color, vibrancy and character to a city celebrating its golden jubilee. Background The Singapore River played an integral role in the country’s transformation from third world to first as a trading hub. Running through the heart of the city, the river has since relinquished its role as the trading port. Over the years, whilst the river continues to run through Singapore’s economic district, witnessing the daily commute of working professionals, it has also transformed into an integral tourist attraction with eateries lining its banks. Spanning the three kilometer long river are several historic bridges, some of which can be traced to as far back as 150 years ago. These bridges were lit up but due to wear and tear and dated technology, it was time for the river banks to be refreshed and rejuvenated. In conjunction with Singapore celebrating her 50th year of independence, a lighting upgrade was initiated to give these bridges a well-deserved makeover. Cavenagh Bridge ColorGraze iColor Flex Vaya Flood ColorBurst Powercore MX gen2 HP Powercore Elgin Bridge The Project The idea was to spruce up the entire Singapore Apart from putting the bridges in the River with new LED lighting solutions that are spotlight, the reflection of the color effects reliable, energy-efficient and can add vibrancy is beautifully mirrored on the waters, making to the popular tourist district. -
Stay Fit & Feel Good Memorable Events at The
INTEGRATED DINING DESTINATION SINGAPORE ISLAND MAP STAY FIT & FEEL GOOD Food warms the soul and we promise that it is always a lavish gastronomic experience Relax after a day of conference meeting or sightseeing. Stay in shape at our 24-hour gymnasium, at the Grand Copthorne Waterfront Hotel. have a leisurely swim in the pool, challenge your travel buddies to a game of tennis or soothe your muscles in the outdoor jacuzzi. MALAYSIA SEMBAWANG SHIPYARD NORTHERN NS11 Pulau MALAYSIA SEMBAWANG SEMBAWANG Seletar WOODLANDS WOODLANDS SUNGEI BULOH WETLAND CHECKPOINT TRAIN CHECKPOINT RESERVE NS10 ADMIRALTY NS8 NS9 MARSILING WOODLANDS YISHUN SINGAPORE NS13 TURF CLUB WOODLANDS YISHUN Pulau SARIMBUN SELETAR RESERVOIR EXPRESSWAY Punggol KRANJI NS7 Barat KRANJI Pulau BUKIT TIMAH JALAN Punggol NS14 KHATIB KAYU Timor KRANJI Pulau Pulau LIM CHU KANG RESERVOIR SELETAR PUNGGOL Serangoon Tekong KRANJI SINGAPORE RESERVOIR PUNGGOL (Coney Island) WAR ZOO AIRPORT Pulau Ubin MEMORIAL NEE LOWER SELETAR NE17 SOON RESERVOIR PUNGGOL Punggol EXPRESSWAY UPPER NIGHT TAMPINES EXPRESSWAY (TPE) LRT (PG) NS5 SAFARI SELETAR YEW TEE RESERVOIR MEMORABLE EVENTS AT THE WATERFRONT (SLE) SERANGOON NE16 RESERVOIR Bukit Panjang SENGKANG RIVER Sengkang LRT (BP) SAFARI With 33 versatile meeting rooms covering an impressive 850 square metres, SENGKANG LRT (SK) CAFHI JETTY NS4 CHOA CHU YIO CHU CHOA CHU KANG KANG CHANGI the Waterfront Conference Centre truly offers an unparalleled choice of meeting KANG NE15 PASIR NS15 BUANGKOK VILLAGE EASTERN DT1 BUKIT YIO CHU KANG TAMPINES EXPRESSWAY (TPE) BUKIT PANJANG (BKE) RIS Boasting a multi-sensory dining experience, interactive Grissini is a contemporary Italian grill restaurant spaces with natural daylight within one of the best designed conference venues PANJANG HOUGANG (KPE) EW1 CHANGI PASIR RIS VILLAGE buffet restaurant, Food Capital showcases the best specialising in premium meats and seafood prepared in DT2 LOWER NS16 NE14 in the region. -
In Search of the Amazon: Brazil, the United States, and the Nature of A
IN SEARCH OF THE AMAZON AMERICAN ENCOUNTERS/GLOBAL INTERACTIONS A series edited by Gilbert M. Joseph and Emily S. Rosenberg This series aims to stimulate critical perspectives and fresh interpretive frameworks for scholarship on the history of the imposing global pres- ence of the United States. Its primary concerns include the deployment and contestation of power, the construction and deconstruction of cul- tural and political borders, the fluid meanings of intercultural encoun- ters, and the complex interplay between the global and the local. American Encounters seeks to strengthen dialogue and collaboration between histo- rians of U.S. international relations and area studies specialists. The series encourages scholarship based on multiarchival historical research. At the same time, it supports a recognition of the represen- tational character of all stories about the past and promotes critical in- quiry into issues of subjectivity and narrative. In the process, American Encounters strives to understand the context in which meanings related to nations, cultures, and political economy are continually produced, chal- lenged, and reshaped. IN SEARCH OF THE AMAzon BRAZIL, THE UNITED STATES, AND THE NATURE OF A REGION SETH GARFIELD Duke University Press Durham and London 2013 © 2013 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper ♾ Designed by Heather Hensley Typeset in Scala by Tseng Information Systems, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in - Publication Data Garfield, Seth. In search of the Amazon : Brazil, the United States, and the nature of a region / Seth Garfield. pages cm—(American encounters/global interactions) Includes bibliographical references and index. -
Past, Present and Future: Conserving the Nation’S Built Heritage 410062 789811 9
Past, Present and Future: Conserving the Nation’s Built Heritage Today, Singapore stands out for its unique urban landscape: historic districts, buildings and refurbished shophouses blend seamlessly with modern buildings and majestic skyscrapers. STUDIES URBAN SYSTEMS This startling transformation was no accident, but the combined efforts of many dedicated individuals from the public and private sectors in the conservation-restoration of our built heritage. Past, Present and Future: Conserving the Nation’s Built Heritage brings to life Singapore’s urban governance and planning story. In this Urban Systems Study, readers will learn how conservation of Singapore’s unique built environment evolved to become an integral part of urban planning. It also examines how the public sector guided conservation efforts, so that building conservation could evolve in step with pragmatism and market considerations Heritage Built the Nation’s Present and Future: Conserving Past, to ensure its sustainability through the years. Past, Present “ Singapore’s distinctive buildings reflect the development of a nation that has come of age. This publication is timely, as we mark and Future: 30 years since we gazetted the first historic districts and buildings. A larger audience needs to learn more of the background story Conserving of how the public and private sectors have creatively worked together to make building conservation viable and how these efforts have ensured that Singapore’s historic districts remain the Nation’s vibrant, relevant and authentic for locals and tourists alike, thus leaving a lasting legacy for future generations.” Built Heritage Mrs Koh-Lim Wen Gin, Former Chief Planner and Deputy CEO of URA. -
One Party Dominance Survival: the Case of Singapore and Taiwan
One Party Dominance Survival: The Case of Singapore and Taiwan DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Lan Hu Graduate Program in Political Science The Ohio State University 2011 Dissertation Committee: Professor R. William Liddle Professor Jeremy Wallace Professor Marcus Kurtz Copyrighted by Lan Hu 2011 Abstract Can a one-party-dominant authoritarian regime survive in a modernized society? Why is it that some survive while others fail? Singapore and Taiwan provide comparable cases to partially explain this puzzle. Both countries share many similar cultural and developmental backgrounds. One-party dominance in Taiwan failed in the 1980s when Taiwan became modern. But in Singapore, the one-party regime survived the opposition’s challenges in the 1960s and has remained stable since then. There are few comparative studies of these two countries. Through empirical studies of the two cases, I conclude that regime structure, i.e., clientelistic versus professional structure, affects the chances of authoritarian survival after the society becomes modern. This conclusion is derived from a two-country comparative study. Further research is necessary to test if the same conclusion can be applied to other cases. This research contributes to the understanding of one-party-dominant regimes in modernizing societies. ii Dedication Dedicated to the Lord, Jesus Christ. “Counsel and sound judgment are mine; I have insight, I have power. By Me kings reign and rulers issue decrees that are just; by Me princes govern, and nobles—all who rule on earth.” Proverbs 8:14-16 iii Acknowledgments I thank my committee members Professor R. -
Podwożenie Ognia Co Lepsze: Koła Czy Gąsienice? Artylerzyści Zdają Się Nie Mieć Tego Dylematu
Prawo do normalności TADEUSZ WRÓBEL Relacja z organizowanej przez Wojskowy Instytut Wydawniczy konferencji w Berlinie Trudne rozmowy o służbie podoficerów O tym jak, Tygrys Malajów i szeregowych strona 22 zdobył Singapur strona 59 Czas na nową strategię strona 8 www.polska-zbrojna.pl TYGODNIK NR 7 (785) 12 lutego 2012 INDEks 337 374 IssN 0867-4523 Cena 4 zł (w tym 8% VAT) peryskop Podwożenie ognia strona 13 Inwestować w artylerię na kołach czy na gąsienicach? ssN 08674523 I Marcin-07.indd 1 2012-02-03 11:43:18 2 POLSKA ZBROJNA NR 7 | 12 LUTEGO 2012 pawel_7_2012.indd 2 2012-02-03 12:17:05 Sw /i ONA iw O di STU FOT. POZNAŃ 2011 ideolo Do imienin Walentego czeka nas męczące interludium MArek SArjuSZ-WOlSki w liturgii nawykowych konfrontacji intelektualnych Polaków. Golono, wyzwolono, zajęto radycyjnie, w połowie stycznia, kiedy śpiących, trzech walczących”. Przyjęła się także sięciolecia bohatersko-propagandową wersję cichną kłótnie wokół hucpy hipokryty wersja „Czterech smutnych”. Bo też czwórka sto- dziejów. Nie mogą liczyć jednak na po- Ti zaprzańca Jerzego Owsiaka, mura- jąca na warcie (dwóch Polaków i dwóch Rosjan) wszechne względy dla swych uczuć. Te wy- mi stolicy kondominium wstrząsa rytualna nie dokonuje entuzjastycznych aktów strzelistych, paliły się podczas spontanicznej dekapitacji awantura o różnice między wyzwoleniem a za- jak na większości podobnych monumentów. Są „Krwawego Feliksa”, uzurpatora placu Ban- jęciem. Czy o zwycięstwie serwilizmu wobec przygnębieni. Pustym wzrokiem patrzą w ziemię. kowego. To był dowód, że warszawska ulica Rosji nad klientyzmem wobec Niemiec może- Profesor Stanisław Ilnicki zdiagnozowałby u nich odróżnia ofiarę frontowych żołnierzy od kro- my mówić jako o wyzwoleniu? W żadnym nie tylko posttraumatic stress disorder.