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Biodiversity in Locally Managed Lands land Biodiversity in Locally Managed Lands Edited by Jeffrey Sayer and Chris Margules Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Land www.mdpi.com/journal/land Biodiversity in Locally Managed Lands Special Issue Editors Jeffrey Sayer Chris Margules MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade Special Issue Editors Jeffrey Sayer Chris Margules James Cook University, Australia James Cook University, Australia Tanah Air Beta, Indonesia University of Indonesia, Indonesia Editorial Office MDPI AG St. Alban-Anlage 66 Basel, Switzerland This edition is a reprint of the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Land (ISSN 2073-445X) from 2016–2017 (available at: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/land/special_issues/biodiversity_managed). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: Author 1; Author 2. Article title. Journal Name Year, Article number, page range. First Edition 2017 ISBN 978-3-03842-454-3 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03842-455-0 (PDF) Artic les in this vo lume are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Co mmo ns Attributio n license (CC BY), whic h allows users to download, copy and build upon published artic les even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maxi mum disse minatio n and a wide r impac t of our public atio ns. The boo k taken as a who le is © 2017 MDPI, Base l, Switze rland, distribute d unde r the te rms and co nditio ns of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND (http://c reativeco mmons.o rg/licenses/by -nc -nd/4.0/). Table of Contents Abo ut the Special Issue Edito rs .....................................................................................................v Preface to “Biodiversity in Locally Managed Lands”.....................................................................vii Jeffrey Sayer and Chris Margules Biodiversity in Locally Managed Lands Re printe d fro m: Land 2017, 6(2), 41; doi: 10.3390/land6020041.......................................................1 John Terborgh and Carlos A. Peres Do Co mmunity -Managed Fo rests Work? A Biodiversity Perspective Re printe d fro m: Land 2017, 6(2), 22; doi: 10.3390/land6020022.......................................................6 Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono Can Community Forests Be Compatible With Biodiversity Conservation in Indonesia? Re printe d fro m: Land 2017, 6(1), 21; do i: 10.3390/land6010021.......................................................13 James D. Langston, Rebecca A. Riggs, Yazid Sururi, Terry Sunderland and Muhammad Munawir Estate Cro ps Mo re Attrac tive than Co mmunity Fo rests in West Kalimantan, Indo nesia Reprinted fro m: Land 2017, 6(1), 12; doi: 10.3390/land6010012.......................................................30 Sharif A. Mukul and Narayan Saha Conservation Benefits of Tropical Multifunctional Land-Uses in and Around a Forest Protected Area o f Bangladesh Re printe d fro m: Land 2017, 6(1), 2; do i: 10.3390/land6010002 ........................................................44 Shogoro Fujiki, Ryota Aoyagi, Atsushi Tanaka, Nobuo Imai, Arif Data Kusma, Yuyun Kurniawan, Ying Fah Lee, John B aptist Sugau, Joan T. P ereira, Hiromitsu Samejima and Kanehiro Kitayama Large-S cale Mapping o f Tree-Community Co mpo sition as a S urro gate of Fo rest Degradatio n in Bo rnean Tro pic al Rain Fo rests Re printe d fro m: Land 2016, 5(4), 45; doi: 10.3390/land5040045.......................................................56 Richard Thackway and David Freudenberger Ac c ounting for the Drivers that Degrade and Restore Landscape Func tions in Australia Re printe d fro m: Land 2016, 5(4), 40; doi: 10.3390/land5040040.......................................................72 Ian Hodge and William M. Adams S hort-Term Projects versus Adaptive Governanc e: Conflic ting Demands in the Management of Ecological Restoration Re printe d fro m: Land 2016, 5(4), 39; doi: 10.3390/land5040039.......................................................92 Mel Galbraith, Barbara Bollard-B reen and David R. Towns The Co mmunity -Conservation Conundrum: Is Citizen S cience the Answer? Re printe d fro m: Land 2016, 5(4), 37; doi: 10.3390/land5040037.......................................................109 iii Nandini Velho, Rachakonda Sreekar and William F. Laurance Terrestrial Species in Protected Areas and Community-Managed Lands in Arunac hal Pradesh, No rtheast India Re printe d fro m: Land 2016, 5(4), 35; doi: 10.3390/land5040035.......................................................125 Jeffrey Sayer, Chris Margules and Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono Will Biodiversity Be Conserved in Locally-Managed Fo rests? Re printe d fro m: Land 2017, 6(1), 6; do i: 10.3390/land6010006 ........................................................136 Nigel Dudley, Adrian Phillips, Thora Amend, Jessica Brown and Sue Stolton Evidence for Biodiversity Conservation in Protected Landsc apes Re printe d fro m: Land 2016, 5(4), 38; doi: 10.3390/land5040038.......................................................145 iv About the Special Issue Editors Jeff Sayer is a British ecologist who began his working life researching large mammal ecology in Africa. Research and conservation activities in Africa brought him into daily contact with the realities of the lives of poor rural people trying to make a living in the wildlife rich areas around parks and reserves. He subsequently worked in nature conservation projects in Afghanistan, Myanmar and Thailand where similar conflicts between conservation and poverty alleviation were widespread. He later spent more than 10 years in Indonesia as founding director general of CIFOR (Center for International Forestry Research) where he championed a multi‐disciplinary ecosystem approach to sustainable forest management. He has worked at various times for WWF and initiated the Forest Conservation Programme of IUCN. He is now Professor of Conservation and Development at James Cook University in Cairns, Australia, where he is a member of the Center for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and directs a Graduate Programme in Development Practice. Chris Margules is Adjunct Professor at James cook University in Australia and Research Associate at the Research Center for Climate Change, University of Indonesia. His current interest focuses on integrating conservation and development at the landscape or seascape scale. Previously, he designed and implemented a large-scale experiment on the ecological effects of habitat fragmentation and played a key role in discovering and then implementing the idea of complementarity in systematic conservation planning. He was a research scientist and later research manager at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) for 32 years, where he led programs on landscape management and sustainable development in the tropics. He joined Conservation International in 2006 and later became Senior Vice-President and leader of the Asia Pacific Division. He has worked in number of Asian countries, the Pacific region and southern Africa as well as Australia. He was a fellow of the Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin in 1994. He received Order of Australia honours in the General Division (AM) for services to science in 2005. v Preface to “Biodiversity in Locally Managed Lands” Recent decades have seen a rapid uptake of schemes to hand over forest management to local communities and/or local governments. It has frequently been claimed that local people will be better at managing these forests than companies or more centralized government forest departments. The claims of the advantages of local management may have merit for the broader objectives of forest management but this book questions whether local communities or local governments will be motivated or even have the knowledge and capacity to manage forests for their biodiversity values. The papers suggest that it cannot automatically be assumed that local management will protect all native biodiversity and there are many instances where it clearly will not do this. The book presents evidence of what does and does not work when local people are entrusted with the management of biodiverse forests and concludes that local management may or may not provide the best biodiversity outcomes—everything depends on context. The need to monitor biodiversity in these forests and to adapt management to ensure that biodiversity is protected is highlighted. Jeff Sayer and Chris Margules Special Issue Editors vii land Article Biodiversity in Locally Managed Lands Jeffrey Sayer 1,2,* and Chris Margules 1,2,3 1 Center for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns 4870, Australia; [email protected] 2 Tanah Air Beta, Batu Karu, Tabanan, Bali 82152, Indonesia 3 Research Center for Climate Change, University of Indonesia, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 2 May 2017; Accepted: 11 June 2017; Published: 15 June 2017 Abstract: Decentralizing natural resource management to local people, especially in tropical countries, has become a trend. We review recent evidence for the impacts of decentralization on the biodiversity values of forests and forested landscapes, which encompass most of the biodiversity of the tropics. Few studies document the impact of decentralized management on biodiversity. We conclude that there may be situations where local management is a good option for biodiversity but there are
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