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Aalborg Universitet Jakob Scavenius Og Moralen Da Aalborg Universitet Jakob Scavenius og moralen Da Aftenbladet væltede kirkens minister Andersen, Lars Published in: Siden Saxo Publication date: 2013 Document Version Også kaldet Forlagets PDF Link to publication from Aalborg University Citation for published version (APA): Andersen, L. (2013). Jakob Scavenius og moralen: Da Aftenbladet væltede kirkens minister. Siden Saxo, (1), 18-25. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. ? Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. ? You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain ? You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from vbn.aau.dk on: December 25, 2020 SIDEN SAXO UDGIVET AF STATENS ARKIVER NR.1 2013 SMAGER AF HEST, MEN LUGTER AF HISTORISK TANKEGODS AF STEffEN HARPSØE, REDAKTØR I disse dage verserer en stor skandale omkring heste- den rette sammenhæng. I dette nummer kan læseren kød, og selvom skandalen tilsyneladende udelukkende selv gå på opdagelse i andre aspekter af det historiske handler om, at det ikke er blevet oplyst, at der var tankegods og vurdere, om der er andre ting, der træk- blandet hestekød sammen med oksekød, så fornem- ker tråde op til i dag. I artiklen om Vilhelm af Æbelholt, mer man klart den underliggende præmis, at mange der den dag i dag dyrkes som en helgen af landets kato- danskere føler en uvilje mod at spise hest. Og hvorfor likker, gives en forklaring på hans helgenkåring, der går er det nu sådan, når for eksempel franskmændene be- på andet end blot hans fromhed – men rykker det ved tragter det som helt normalt? Mindst én journalist har i hans hellighed? I artiklen om Jacob Scavenius og mora- en mindre kronik peget på årsagssammenhængen. I den len får vi et blik ind i pressens forhold til politikerne og før-kristne tid var spisning af hestekød tæt forbundet deres privatliv i slutningen af 1800-tallet, hvor holdnin- med dyrkelsen af de nordiske guder. Den katolske kir- gen var en noget anden end i dag – men er der alligevel ke havde som sådan ikke noget teologisk dogme mod en tråd til i dag? Man kan også få et kig på Danmarks indtagelse af hestekød, men da Norden blev kristent, administrative inddeling fra 1660 til i dag – eller ret- blev dette problematisk, da man ville sikre sig, at de tere få en introduktion til et nyt værktøj, der tillader, at nys omvendte befolkninger ikke fortsatte deres heden- man selv går på opdagelse i den administrative geografi. ske skikke. Spisning af hestekød blev derfor anatema i Det sker i artiklen om Digitaliseringen af Danmarks Norden, og kirken bekæmpede det. Selvom langt fra historisk-administrative geografi. Og endelig kan man alle er bevidste om sammenhængen, er det et historisk læse om Knærødfreden i 1613, om dens historiske be- tankegods, der, trods at fornuften siger noget andet tydning både dengang og nu, samt studse over, hvorfor – hestekød er mere magert end oksekød, og der er den er markeret i Sverige, men herhjemme er overset næppe nogen chance for at blive asatroende af at spise af den brede befolkning. det – endnu ikke har sluppet sit tag i os. Hestekødsskandalen viser, at visse dele af det histo- Redaktionen ønsker læserne god jagt på tankegodset. riske tankegods hænger ved, også selvom vi har glemt MAGASIN FOR DANSK HISTORIE, NR. 1 • 30. ÅRGANG 2013 DISTRIBUTØR: ABONNEMENT: DISTRIBUTION: Syddansk Universitetsforlag Tegnes ved henvendelse til Magasinpostkontoret. Adresseændring meldes Syddansk Universitetsforlag, på tlf. 66 15 79 99. REDAKTØRER: Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Siden Saxo udkommer 4 gange årligt. Peter Fransen, Asbjørn Romvig Thomsen, Tlf. 66 15 79 99 Steffen Harpsøe (ansv.) www.universitypress.dk FORSIDE: Den prostituerede Laura Nannestad (ca. 1895), REDAKTIONSPANEL: GIRONR.: 8042020 som indirekte var årsagen til Scavenius’ fald. Det Poul Olsen Kongelige Bibliotek. Steen Ousager ÅRGANG: 2013 kr. 200. Løssalg pr. nr. ved forsendelse © COPYRIGHT: LAY-OUT: kr. 60. Udlandsabonnement årgang 2013: Siden Saxo 2013 Donald Jensen, Unisats ApS Kr. 250. TRYK: Narayana Press ISSN: 01 09 6028 INDHOLD WILHELM AF ÆBELHOLT 4 T HOMAS K . H EEBØLL - H OLM JACOB SCAVENIUS OG MORALEN DA AFTENBLADET VÆLTEDE KIRKENS MINISTER 18 L ARS S CHÄDLER A NDERSEN BOGNYT 26 KNÆRØDFREDEn – 400 ÅR 28 – OG HVAD DEN BØR HUSKES FOR L EON J ESPERSEN DIGITALISERING AF DANMARKS 40 HISTORISK-ADMINISTRATIVE GEOGRAFI K A T RINE T OVGAARD - O LSEN SPØRGEKASSEN 50 ÅBNINGSTIDER PÅ ERHVERVSARKIVET: DANSK DATA ARKIV: STATENS ARKIVERS LÆSESALE: Mandag til torsdag kl. 9.00 til 16.00. Dansk Data Arkiv har ingen egentlig læsesal. Fredag kl. 9.00 til 13.00. Brug af arkivets materialer foregår bl.a. via RIGSARKIVET: bestilling af undersøgelser m.m. Mandag til lørdag kl. 9.00 til 16.00. For Statens Arkiver som helhed – Rigsarki- Fra 2. maj til 31. august, mandag til fredag vet, Landsarkiverne og Erhvervsarkivet – er kl. 9.00 til 16.00. læsesalene lukket på søn- og helligdage, Påskelørdag, lørdag efter Store Bededag, www.sidensaxo.dk LANDSARKIVERNE: fredag efter Kristi Himmelfartsdag, 1. maj, Tirsdag til torsdag kl. 9.00 til 16.00. Grundlovsdag, i dagene fra 23. december Fredag kl. 9.00 til 13.00. til 2. januar – begge dage inklusive – samt Lørdagslukket fra 1. april til 30. september. forudgående lørdag, hvis denne er sidste Lørdagsåbning i vinterhalvåret: se åbningsdag før jul. www.sa.dk under de enkelte landsarkiver. Vilhelm af Æbelholt – stridbar helgen med et stort netværk og en central rolle i højmiddelalderens mest celebre ægteskabsskandale 4 SIDEN SAXO NR. 1, 2013 Abbed Vilhelm af Æbelholt var en af middelalderens højtuddannede gejstlige, der ikke så noget modsætningsforhold mellem det åndelige og det at være involveret i politik på højt plan. Som menneske var han ret kompleks, og hans eftermæle defineres i høj grad af den største enkeltstående begivenhed i hans liv, nemlig prinsesse Ingeborg af Dan- marks ulyksalige ægteskab med kong Filip August af Frankrig i 1193 – i historiografien kendt som ’Ingeborg-sagen’. Vilhelm spillede nemlig en vigtig rolle i omstændighederne omkring dette ægteskab. T HOMAS K . H EEBØLL - H OLM Laps og stodder Lad os starte med en historiografisk karakteristik af Vilhelm. I Niels Skyum-Nielsens Kvinde og slave fra 1971 portrætteres han som følger: ”Når Vilhelm trådte frem som en stodder og las, var det lettere at tigge på klostrets vegne. Blandt de 120 numre i hans brevbog er der mange betlerbreve. Andre igen er skrevet så slesk og krybende til samfundets højeste, at man derved delvis kan måle den utrolige afstand mellem mennesker.” Videre beretter Skyum-Nielsen, hvorledes Vilhelm tugtede sig selv med Sankt Vilhelm af Æbelholt (ca. et asketisk levned, selvom han synes at finde, at Vilhelm snarere var en skinhellig 1125/30-1203) blev helgenkåret i farisæer end en oprigtigt selvopofrende kristen. Ikke desto mindre roser Skyum- 1224 – årsagerne hertil var mulig- Nielsen ham også for hans internationale forbindelser, hans veltalenhed, livserfaring vis ikke udelukkende hans strenge og udholdenhed. Han beskriver endvidere Vilhelm som ekstremt temperamentsfuld kirketugt og klostervirke. Her ses Æbelholt klosters segl i tre forskelli- og stridbar. Han skriver: ”Vilhelm ’brændte’ for at revse og redde andre. Som selv- ge versioner. Det største er genbrug bestaltet verdensforbedrer fabrikerede han tordenskrivelser til forskellige abbeder, af Vilhelms eget segl. Man kan se det bisper og paver, nogle så fornærmelige, at de aldrig kan have afgået.” Som en sarkastisk både på den samtidige kunstneriske slutbemærkning skriver Skyum-Nielsen: ”Omstridt og beundret døde han efter et stil, samt at Vilhelm i omskriften ikke eksemplarisk liv år 1203. Han kanoniseredes 1224 og blev den tredje internationalt omtales som ”Sankt” (intet ”S.”). anerkendte helgen i dansk historie.” Seglet (gen)brugtes dog både i 1418, 1490, 1532 og 1551, hvilket kan un- Dette noget kradse billede af Vilhelm kan næppe tages helt for pålydende, ikke dre, da man sideløbende har haft mindst pga. Kvinde og slaves åbenlyse idiosynkrasier. Ikke desto mindre udgør dette to andre på hinanden følgende segl, tekststykke et fremragende udgangspunkt til at diskutere forskellige aspekter af hvorpå Vilhelm angives som helgen Vilhelms levned og skrifter. – på det ene har han endda helgen- glorie. De anvendtes henholdsvis i 1423, 1481, 1487 samt 1490 (det På kant med alle spids-ovale) og 1532 og 1551 (det lille runde). Gengivet efter Henry Pe- Vilhelm blev født mellem 1125 og 1130. Han var af fransk adelsslægt og blev tidligt tersen: Danmarks Gejstlige Sigiller i sin barndom sendt til Sainte-Geneviève-klostret i Paris for at blive opdraget af sin fra Middelalderen, 1886. onkel, sandsynligvis Hugo 6. Monceaux, der senere blev abbed i St. Germain-des- SIDEN SAXO NR. 1, 2013 5 Prés. Vilhelm synes at have været en flittig og pligtopfyldende elev, og i 1148, da Sainte- Geneviève blev reformeret af Augustinerne fra St. Victor-klostret, blev Vilhelm en re- gelbunden kannik ved klostret. Alt var dog ikke godt. Ifølge både Vilhelms Vita og et samtidigt brev fra pave Alexander 3. blev Vilhelm uvenner med abbed Guarin af Sainte-Geneviève og de andre kannikker. I 1164 blev Vilhelm angiveligt straffet hårdt af Guarin for ulydighed i forbindelse med valget af en prior i klostret. Vilhelm stak imidlertid af og klagede til paven, og Guarin har Pave A lexa nd e r 3 .
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