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The Helios Operating System
The Helios Operating System PERIHELION SOFTWARE LTD May 1991 COPYRIGHT This document Copyright c 1991, Perihelion Software Limited. All rights reserved. This document may not, in whole or in part be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, or reduced to any electronic medium or machine readable form without prior consent in writing from Perihelion Software Limited, The Maltings, Charlton Road, Shepton Mallet, Somerset BA4 5QE. UK. Printed in the UK. Acknowledgements The Helios Parallel Operating System was written by members of the He- lios group at Perihelion Software Limited (Paul Beskeen, Nick Clifton, Alan Cosslett, Craig Faasen, Nick Garnett, Tim King, Jon Powell, Alex Schuilen- burg, Martyn Tovey and Bart Veer), and was edited by Ian Davies. The Unix compatibility library described in chapter 5, Compatibility,im- plements functions which are largely compatible with the Posix standard in- terfaces. The library does not include the entire range of functions provided by the Posix standard, because some standard functions require memory man- agement or, for various reasons, cannot be implemented on a multi-processor system. The reader is therefore referred to IEEE Std 1003.1-1988, IEEE Stan- dard Portable Operating System Interface for Computer Environments, which is available from the IEEE Service Center, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Pis- cataway, NJ 08855-1331, USA. It can also be obtained by telephoning USA (201) 9811393. The Helios software is available for multi-processor systems hosted by a wide range of computer types. Information on how to obtain copies of the Helios software is available from Distributed Software Limited, The Maltings, Charlton Road, Shepton Mallet, Somerset BA4 5QE, UK (Telephone: 0749 344345). -
USENIX Winter Conference
February ! 990 The Australian UNIX* systems User Group Newsletter Volume 11 Number 1 February 1990 CONTENTS AUUG General Information ..................... 4 Editorial ........................... 5 Secretary’s Letter ......................... 7 AUUG Inc 1990 Annual Elections -- Nomination Form ............. 8 Western Australian UNIX systems Group Information ............. 9 SESSPOOLE Information ...................... 10 AUUG Book Club Reviews ...................... 11 AUUG Book Club Order Form .................... 18 X Technical Bibliography ...................... 19 Commonly Asked X Questions ..................... 25 AUUG Institutional Members ..................... 42 From the EUUG Newsletter - Volume 9 Number 4 .............. 44 Editorial ......................... 45 How To Protect Your Software .................. 46 The EUUG Conference Mailing System ................ 54 UNIX in Czechoslovakia .................... 57 EUUG Munich Conference, Spring 1990 ................ 60 USING -- UNIX Systems Information Networking Group .......... 64 EUUG Executive Report .................... 67 Report From ICEUUG ..................... 69 News From The Netherlands ................... 71 UKUUG Report ....................... 74 USENIX Association News For EUUG Members ............. 76 USENIX Winter Conference ................... 78 EUnet Growing Up In Spain ................... 81 EUUG Software Distribution ................... 88 ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22AVG15 (POSIX) Meeting October, 1989 ......... 92 The OPEN LOOKTM Graphical User Interface .............. 98 -
A Decade of Semiconductor Companies : 1988 Edition
1988 y DataQuest Do Not Remove A. Decade of Semiconductor Companies 1988 Edition Components Division TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. Introduction 1 II. Venture Capital 11 III. Strategic Alliances 15 IV. Product Analysis 56 Emerging Technology Companies 56 Analog ICs 56 ASICs 58 Digital Signal Processing 59 Discrete Semiconductors 60 Gallium Arsenide 60 Memory 62 Microcomponents 64 Optoelectronics 65 Telecommunication ICs 65 Other Products 66 Bubble Memory 67 V. Company Profiles (139) 69 A&D Co., Ltd. 69 Acrian Inc. 71 ACTEL Corporation 74 Acumos, Inc. 77 Adaptec, Inc. 79 Advanced Linear Devices, Inc. 84 Advanced Microelectronic Products, Inc. 87 Advanced Power Technology, Inc. 89 Alliance Semiconductor 92 Altera Corporation 94 ANADIGICS, Inc. 100 Applied Micro Circuits Corporation 103 Asahi Kasei Microsystems Co., Ltd. 108 Aspen Semiconductor Corporation 111 ATMEL Corporation 113 Austek Microsystems Pty. Ltd. 116 Barvon Research, Inc. 119 Bipolar Integrated Technology 122 Brooktree Corporation 126 California Devices, Ihc. 131 California Micro Devices Corporation 135 Calmos Systems, Inc. 140 © 1988 Dataquest Incorporated June TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Pagg Company Profiles (Continued) Calogic Corporation 144 Catalyst Semiconductor, Inc. 146 Celeritek, Inc. ISO Chartered Semiconductor Pte Ltd. 153 Chips and Technologies, Inc. 155 Cirrus Logic, Inc. 162 Conductus Inc. 166 Cree Research Inc. 167 Crystal Semiconductor Corporation 169 Custom Arrays Corporation 174 Custom Silicon Inc. 177 Cypress Semiconductor Corporation 181 Dallas Semiconductor Corporation 188 Dolphin Integration SA 194 Elantec, Inc. 196 Electronic Technology Corporation 200 Epitaxx Inc. 202 European Silicon Structures 205 Exel Microelectronics Inc. 209 G-2 Incorporated 212 GAIN Electronics 215 Gazelle Microcircuits, Inc. 218 Genesis Microchip Inc. -
Science Policy Under Thatcher
Science Policy under Thatcher Science Policy under Thatcher Jon Agar First published in 2019 by UCL Press University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT Available to download free: www.uclpress.co.uk Text © Jon Agar, 2019 Jon Agar has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to be identified as author of this work. A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from The British Library. This book is published under a Creative Commons 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work; to adapt the work and to make commercial use of the work providing attribution is made to the authors (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: Agar, J. 2019. Science Policy under Thatcher. London, UCL Press. https://doi.org/10.14324/111.9781787353411 Further details about Creative Commons licenses are available at http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/ Any third-party material in this book is published under the book’s Creative Commons license unless indicated otherwise in the credit line to the material. If you would like to re-use any third-party material not covered by the book’s Creative Commons license, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. ISBN: 978-1-78735-343-5 (Hbk) ISBN: 978-1-78735-342-8 (Pbk) ISBN: 978-1-78735-341-1 (PDF) ISBN: 978-1-78735-344-2 (epub) ISBN: 978-1-78735-345-9 (mobi) ISBN: 978-1-78735-346-6 (html) DOI: https://doi.org/10.14324/111.9781787353411 For Kathryn, Hal and Max, and my parents Ann and Nigel Agar. -
Oral History of David May; 2011-08-16
Oral History of David May Interviewed by: Kevin Krewell Recorded: August 16, 2011 Mountain View, California CHM Reference number: X6237.2012 © 2011 Computer History Museum Oral History of David May Professor David May, August 16, 2011 Kevin Krewell: All right, well, we’re here with Professor David May. Thank you very much for coming to our museum and spending some time with us. David May: It’s good to be here. Krewell: Could you start by introducing yourself—your name, your title, and what do you do? May: I’m David May. These days I’m a professor of computer science at Bristol University in the UK. But I spend half my time as the Chief Technology Officer of a company I started five or six years ago called XMOS. Krewell: Can you give us a little background on where you’re from and how it was like growing up for yourself? May: Well, I was originally born in the UK in Yorkshire which is—sort of—towards the north end of England. And I stayed there until I went off to Cambridge University. I was at Cambridge 1969 to ’72, I think, in what was then the mathematical lab and—although I started off doing mathematics—I then studied computer science in the final year. I moved on to Warwick University to do research in Robotics and then moved on to INMOS when it was founded in Bristol in 1979. CHM Ref: X6237.2012 © 2011 Computer History Museum Page 2 of 48 Oral History of David May Krewell: So you started off in robotics and then wound up in computers. -
Chips with Everything Lessons for Effective Government Support for Clusters from the South West Semiconductor Industry
Research report: October 2010 Chips with everything Lessons for effective government support for clusters from the South West semiconductor industry Louise Marston, Shantha Shanmugalingam and Stian Westlake Executive summary Modern life pulses to the rhythm set by by intelligent, targeted support from local semiconductors. They are in a staggering array universities. of products, from mobile phones and laptops, to traffic lights and trainers. Their ubiquitous Many challenges facing the semiconductor nature makes them big business. industry reflect problems common to many industries: difficulties in recruiting good quality The UK has a vibrant semiconductor graduates (currently only one in five electrical industry. UK companies compete in global engineering post-graduates are from the UK), semiconductor markets by combining adequate access to finance for start-ups and technological innovation with business model creating incentives for growing large companies innovation. In doing so, these companies in the UK. The industry is not waiting on make an important contribution towards government to deliver all the answers, and the UK’s economic success, with the UK has created a number of skills and research semiconductor market worth $6 billion in 2009 initiatives through bodies such as Silicon – third in Europe, behind France and Germany. South West and the National Microelectronics Equally the industry has an important impact Institute, as well as establishing the European at the regional level, and the South West Micro-Electronics Academy to try to semiconductor cluster is one of the largest reduce costs for start-ups and inspire new silicon design clusters in the world. entrepreneurs. NESTA’s ‘Rebalancing Act’ highlights how the But there are some issues which fall to continuing success of innovative companies will government to resolve. -
Idac2: Spilling the Secret Sauce (2/6) Digital Section: ‘True Native’ Augmented by Latest Gen Octa-Core Transputer
Technical Notes iDAC2: Spilling the Secret Sauce (2/6) Digital section: ‘True Native’ augmented by latest gen Octa-Core Transputer At the heart of AMR/iFI products including the iDAC2 micro is the same Burr-Brown ‘True Native’ chipset which we have explained before in the micro iDSD thread. This particular Burr-Brown chip offers two separate signal pathways for PCM and DSD. What this means is that one chip offers the ‘best of both formats’ as the signal quality remains native . Choosing the right DAC topology significantly effects the final sound. We loved the dynamics and slam of the multi-bit topology (e.g. the legendary Philips TDA1541A), however when a High- Definition signal is used, the Multibit topology (actually no true multi-bit DAC chipset available yet) doesn't have the low-level linearity of the Delta-Sigma topology. So to get the best of both worlds, we need: • Multi-bit for dynamics and slam (the higher bits of the PCB data); • Delta-Sigma for the low level linearity (the lower bits of the PCB data); So the DAC chip we picked for the micro iDSD has the following topology: • Top 6 bit: true multi-bit; • Lower bits: Delta-Sigma. Technical Notes As a result, the iDAC2 micro also supports DXD and DSD up to DSD256 #. Three Digital Filters are included; Bit-Perfect (Non-Oversampling), Minimum Phase and Standard and three selectable analogue filters for DSD. # DSD256 is available on Windows via ASIO DSD and with special firmware on OSX, Windows and Linux via DoP DSD Running alongside the Burr-Brown ‘True Native’ chipset is the 8-Core XMOS. -
Leo I General Motors O/S Umes Os/360 Pcp Monecs Besys
HISTORY OF OPERATING SYSTEMS J. LYONS GENERAL MOTORS UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN IBM MONASH UNIVERSITY LEO I GENERAL MOTORS O/S UMES OS/360 PCP MONECS BATCH SINGLE LYONS ELECTRIC OFFICE IBM 701 IBM 704/709/7090 SYSTEM/360 Several manufacturers produced BELL LABS IBM STREAM BESYS IBSYS mainframe computers from the late IBM 7090/7094 IBM 7090/7094 MIT GENERAL MOTORS SHARE IBM DEC TAPE DIRECTOR GM-NAA I/O SHARE O/S BOS/360 BATCH-11 1950s through the 1970s. The group UNIVAC 1103 IBM 704 IBM 704/709 SYSTEM/360 PDP-11 DEC BELL LABS DEC XEROX PARC ATARI MICROSOFT SINCLAIR RESEARCH ACORN COMPUTERS MICROSOFT SERENITY SYSTEMS MICROSOFT of manufacturers was first known as DECSYS-7 UNICS OS/8 ALTO EXECUTIVE ATARI DOS MS-DOS QDOS RISC IX WINDOWS 98 ECOM STATION 1.0 WINDOWS 7 SINGLE USER PDP-7 PDP-7 PDP-8 ALTO POS INTEL 8088 SYSTEMS SINCLAIR QS 8000 SYSTEMS ARCHIMEDES SYSTEMS INTEL 80486 SYSTEMS PENTIUM IA-32 & IA-64 SYSTEMS "IBM and the Seven Dwarfs": IBM, DEC HEATH APPARAT INC APPLE ACORN COMPUTERS SYMBOLICS HAIKU PROJECT INTERACTIVE DOS-11 HDOS 1.0 NEWDOS/80 LISA OFFICE SYSTEM 7/7 ARTHUR OPEN GENERA 1.0 HAIKU PDP-11 HEATHKIT H* TRS-80 SYSTEMS LISA ARCHIMEDES SYSTEMS DEC ALPHA PROCESSOR TRU64 MULTI-PLATFORM Burroughs, UNIVAC, NCR, Control DEC DEC DEC MIT COMMODORE ETH ZURICH BE INC. MICROSOFT MICROSOFT MICROSOFT MS/8 DISK MONITOR SYSTEM DOS-15 LISP MACHINE (CADR) COMMODORE DOS OBERON BEOS V1 WINDOWS NT 3.1 WINDOWS XP SINGULARITY 2.0 Data, Honeywell, General Electric PDP-8 PDP-8I PDP-15 CADR COMMODORE 8-BIT SYSTEMS CARES NS32032 SYSTEMS POWERPC SYSTEMS INTEL 32-BIT, DEC ALPHA, MIPS PENTIUM X86 TECHNICAL SYSTEMS MICROWARE SYSTEMS APPLE SYMBOLICS MICROSOFT AROS DEVELOPMENT TEAM FREEDOS TEAM and RCA. -
Free Full-Text
Nzenwata Uchenna J et al., GJAI, 2019; 1:5 INTRODUCTION This paper discusses the original purposes of the transputer technology, how they have been The word transputer is a derivative name from the addressed over the intervening past years, the Transistor Computer. The transputer was architectural designs and network. It also conceived of as a building block for electronic emphasizes the factors that promoted the effacing systems comprising a processor, memory and a of transputers and the Restoration movement of communication system. Large systems were to be transputer. constructed from collections of transputers, each running a program and communicating with other The study was carried out by performing in-depth transputers (Quora, n.d). study on transputer literatures. The Inmos transputer was a British-designed, THE TRANSPUTER TECHNOLOGY DRIFT novel parallel microprocessor architecture from Si according to the early1980s. The transputer was unique in that (Fox, Williams, and Messina, 2014), the each processor had a built-in simple operating transputer has drawn much attention among system, memory and four high speed (20 Mbit/s researchers and design engineers, due its novel full duplex) bi-directional serial links. The architectural features and excellent performance. transputer is essentially a computer system on a (Sheen, Allen, Ripke, and Woo, 1998), stated that chip. The links on the transputer allow connection the Inmos transputer device range, which started to up to four other transputers or peripherals such with the T414 in 1983, was continued with a as video graphics, floppy and hard disc drives, series: the 16-bit T212, T222 and T225. The 32 bit Ethernet networking and standard RS-232 serial line was extended with the T425, which ran with a ports (Jaros, Ohlidal and Dvorak, 2005). -
Open Research Online Oro.Open.Ac.Uk
Open Research Online The Open University’s repository of research publications and other research outputs The growth and decline of the semiconductor industry within the U.K. 1950-1985 Thesis How to cite: Morris, P. R. (1994). The growth and decline of the semiconductor industry within the U.K. 1950-1985. PhD thesis The Open University. For guidance on citations see FAQs. c 1994 The Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Version: Version of Record Link(s) to article on publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21954/ou.ro.0000e065 Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. oro.open.ac.uk The Growth and Decline of the Semiconductor Industry within the U.K. 1950-1985 Offered for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy within the discipline of histoiy of science & technology by P.R. Morris BA(Hons), M.Phil, C.Eng., M.I.E.E., M.I.E.E.E. Submitted December 1 994 Abstract This thesis reviews the history of the semiconductor industry during the period 1950 to 1985 and identifies the major factors governing its development. It also analyses the rea- sons for the failure of British manufacturing companies to develop on a more competitive scale. The development of the British semiconductor industry, almost from the start, took place within an environment dominated by large foreign multinational companies. -
Reference Manual ARM DUI 0020D Contents
ARM Software Development Toolkit Version 2.0 Reference Manual Document Number: ARM DUI 0020D Issued: June 1995 Copyright Advanced RISC Machines Ltd (ARM) 1995 Beta Draft EUROPE JAPAN USA Advanced RISC Machines Limited Advanced RISC Machines K.K. ARM USA Fulbourn Road KSP West Bldg, 3F 300D, 3-2-1 Sakado, Suite 5, 985 University Avenue Cherry Hinton Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki-shi Los Gatos Cambridge CB1 4JN Kanagawa, 213 Japan California 95030 Telephone: +44 1223 400400 Telephone: +81 44 850 1301 Telephone: +1 408 399 5199 Facsimile: +44 1223 400410 Facsimile: +81 44 850 1308 Facsimile: +1 408 399 8854 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Proprietary Notice ARM, the ARM Powered logo and EmbeddedICE are trademarks of Advanced RISC Machines Ltd. Neither the whole nor any part of the information contained in, or the product described in, this manual may be adapted or reproduced in any material form except with the prior written permission of the copyright holder. The product described in this manual is subject to continuous developments and improvements. All particulars of the product and its use contained in this manual are given by ARM in good faith. However, all warranties implied or expressed, including but not limited to implied warranties or merchantability, or fitness for purpose, are excluded. This manual is intended only to assist the reader in the use of the product. ARM Ltd shall not be liable for any loss or damage arising from the use of any information in this manual, or any error or omission in such information, or any incorrect use of the product.