AFGHANISTAN: Extreme Winter Characterization

Minimum Temperature (December to March) Highest Snowfall Rate (2004 to 2013) High Snow Cover Persistence (2007 to 2013)

Darwaz TAJIKISTAN Darwaz UZBEKISTAN TAJIKISTAN Darwaz UZBEKISTAN Shak. UZBEKISTAN Shak. Shak. TAJIKISTAN Kofab Khwahn. Kofab Kofab Khwahn. Khwahn. Raghestan Shighnan Raghestan Shighnan Raghestan Shighnan Chahb. Ywn. Chahb. Ywn. Chahb. Ywn. D. S-e-B. Khstn. D. S-e-B. D. Kh. Ya-e-S. Khstn. S-e-B. Khstn. Qarqin Shortepa Kh. Kh. Arg. Qarqin Ya-e-S. Qarqin Ya-e-S. Khmy. Fyz. Shortepa Arg. Shortepa Arg. Kaldar Emamsaheb Takhar Shuhada Khmy. Fyz. Khmy. Fyz. Rostaq Argo Kaldar Emamsaheb Takhar Shuhada Kaldar Emamsaheb Takhar Shuhada Qrghn. Mingjk. Mrdyn. Dawlatabad Kh. Wakhan Rostaq Argo Rostaq Argo Bhr. Mingjk. Mrdyn. Dawlatabad Wakhan Mingjk. Mrdyn. Dawlatabad Wakhan Khwajadukoh Kunduz Qrghn. Kh. Bhr. Qrghn. Kh. Bhr. A. Qala-e-Zal Dasht. Hzr. K. Khwajadukoh Kunduz Khwajadukoh Kunduz A. Na-e-S. Kunduz Bhr. Drym. Esh. A. Qala-e-Zal Dasht. Hzr. K. A. Qala-e-Zal Dasht. Hzr. K. Qaramqol Khn. Chr. Balkh Khulm Klfg. A. Na-e-S. A. Na-e-S. Kshm. Jorm Warduj Qaramqol Chr. Balkh Khulm Kunduz Bhr. Drym. Esh. Qaramqol Chr. Balkh Khulm Kunduz Bhr. Drym. Esh. Jawzjan Taloqan Teshkn. Khn. Klfg. Kshm. Jorm Warduj Khn. Klfg. Kshm. Jorm Warduj TURKMENISTAN Marml. Chardarah TURKMENISTAN Jawzjan Taloqan Teshkn. Jawzjan Taloqan Shiberghan Fayzbd. Balkh D. Khnb. Marml. Chardarah TURKMENISTAN Marml. Chardarah Teshkn. Bangi Shiberghan Fayzbd. Balkh D. Khnb. Shiberghan Fayzbd. Balkh D. Khnb. Dawlatabad Chemtal Albd. Nm. Bangi Bangi Frznkhc. Ch. Tagab Yamgan Dawlatabad Chemtal Albd. Nm. Dawlatabad Chemtal Albd. Nm. Charkent Hazrat-e-Sl. Zebak Frznkhc. Ch. Tagab Yamgan Frznkhc. Ch. Tagab Yamgan Sar-e-Pul Baghlan-e-Jdd. Eshksh. Farkhar Charkent Hazrat-e-Sl. Zebak Charkent Hazrat-e-Sl. Zebak Sholgareh Sar-e-Pul Baghlan-e-Jdd. Eshksh. Farkhar Sar-e-Pul Baghlan-e-Jdd. Eshksh. Farkhar Shirintagab Burka Sholgareh Sholgareh Qshtp. Aybak Badakhshan Shirintagab Burka Shirintagab Burka Sayad Qshtp. Badakhshan Qshtp. Badakhshan Gsf. Sayad Aybak Sayad Aybak Kshndh. Baghlan Warsaj Gsf. Gsf. Khwjsb. Sz. Dar-e-S-e-P. Kshndh. Warsaj Kshndh. Faryab Darzab Nahrin Khwjsb. Sz. Dar-e-S-e-P. Baghlan Khwjsb. Sz. Dar-e-S-e-P. Baghlan Warsaj Almar Khrm. Wa Srbg. Khw. Faryab Darzab Khrm. Wa Srbg. Nahrin Faryab Darzab Nahrin Bilcheragh Khst. Wa Frn. Almar Khw. Almar Khrm. Wa Srbg. Khw. Zari Samangan Koran Wa Monjan Khst. Wa Frn. Khst. Wa Frn. Ghrmch. Pashtunkot Snchrk. Bilcheragh Zari Samangan Koran Wa Monjan Bilcheragh Zari Samangan Koran Wa Monjan Dara-e Suf-e-Bl. Daha-e-G. Dehslh. Ghrmch. Pashtunkot Snchrk. Ghrmch. Pashtunkot Snchrk. Barg-e-Matal Dara-e Suf-e-Bl. Daha-e-G. Dehslh. Dara-e Suf-e-Bl. Daha-e-G. Dehslh. Qaysar Garziwan Ruy-e-Duab Paryan Barg-e-Matal Barg-e-Matal Kohestanat Andarb. Pul-e-Hs. Qaysar Ruy-e-Duab Paryan Ruy-e-Duab Paryan Doshi Garziwan Andarb. Pul-e-Hs. Qaysar Garziwan Andarb. Pul-e-Hs. Mandol Kamdesh Kohestanat Doshi Kohestanat Doshi Bala Murghab Balkhab Khenjan Bala Murghab Mandol Kamdesh Mandol Kamdesh Sar-e-Pul Bzr. Poruns Balkhab Khenjan Bala Murghab Balkhab Khenjan Kohestan Kahmard S. Sar-e-Pul Bzr. Poruns Sar-e-Pul Bzr. Poruns Slng. Pnj. Dub. Kohestan Kahmard S. Kohestan Kahmard S. Tala Wa barfak Wygl. Ghzb. Slng. Pnj. Dub. Slng. Pnj. Dub. Gulran Shn. Dr./Ab S. Nari Tala Wa barfak Wygl. Ghzb. Tala Wa barfak Wygl. Ghzb. W. Dr./Ab S. Nari Dr./Ab S. Nari Muqur Charsadra Sayghan Ghrbn. K. Njrb. Nuristan Gulran Shn. W. Gulran Shn. W. Badghis Dwltsh. Nurgrm. Muqur Charsadra Sayghan Ghrbn. K. Nj. Nuristan Muqur Charsadra Sayghan Ghrbn. K. Njrb. Nuristan Ab Kamari Jawand Prw. Chp. W. D. Badghis Dwltsh. Nurgrm. Badghis Dwltsh. Nurgrm. Kushk Yakawlang Shibar Shekhali Bgr. Kps. Kushk Ab Kamari Jawand Yakawlang Prw. Chp. W. D. Kushk Ab Kamari Jawand Yakawlang Prw. Chp. W. D. Alsy. Alingr. Shibar Shekhali Bgr. K. Shibar Shekhali Bgr. Kps. Qadis Bamyan Tagb. Alshn. Kunar Alsy. Alingr. Kunar Alsy. Alingr. Kunar Surkh-e-Parsa Nr. Qadis Bamyan Tagb. Alshn. Qadis Bamyan Tagb. Alshn. Ksh. Khn. Bamyan Kabl. Nr. C. Bamyan Surkh-e-Parsa Nr. Surkh-e-Parsa Nr. Chaghcharan Sh. Dhsb. Lg. Ksh. Khn. Kabl. Nr. C. Ksh. Khn. Bamyan Kabl. Nr. C. Kohsan Lal Wa Sarjangal Mh./Bad P. Khs. Chaghcharan Sh. Dhsb. Lg. Chaghcharan Sh. Lg. Injil Dawlat Yar H-e-A-e-B. Pgh. Surobi Kzkn. Kohsan Lal Wa Sarjangal Mh./Bad P. Khs. Kohsan Lal Wa Sarjangal Dhsb. Mh./Bad P. Khs. Zinda Jan Karukh Jalrez Kb. Qarghayi Injil H-e-A-e-B. Surobi Kzkn. Injil H-e-A-e-B. Surobi Kzkn. Markaz-e-Behsud Bgr. B. Gosht. Dawlat Yar Jalrez Pgh. Kb. Qarghayi Dawlat Yar Jalrez Pgh. Kb. Qarghayi Chishti Sharif Panjab M. Km. Zinda Jan Karukh Markaz-e-Behsud Bgr. B. Gosht. Zinda Jan Karukh Bgr. B. Gosht. Ch. Srkhrd. Panjab M. Km. Panjab Markaz-e-Behsud M. Km. Obe Wardak Nrkh. Lalpur Chishti Sharif Ch. Srkhrd. Chishti Sharif Ch. Srkhrd. Dymr. Hesrk. Khg. C. Rodt. B. Obe Wardak Nrkh. Lalpur Obe Wardak Nrkh. Lalpur Sang-e-Takht Mhmmdg. Dymr. Hesrk. Khg. C. Rodt. B. Dymr. Hesrk. Khg. C. Rodt. B. Ghoryan Sh. Sang-e-Takht Mhmmdg. Sang-e-Takht Mhmmdg. Hirat Du Layna Waras Azra Nn. K. Ghoryan Sh. Sh. Guzara Pashtn. Zrghn. Shahrak Chak Logar Dh. Drb. Hirat Waras Azra Nn. K. Ghoryan Hirat Waras Azra Nn. K. Tulak Ashtarlay Pch. Achin N. Guzara Pashtn. Zrghn. Shahrak Du Layna Chak Logar Dh. Drb. Guzara Pashtn. Zrghn. Shahrak Du Layna Chak Dh. Drb. Khsh. Ashtarlay Pch. Achin N. Logar Pch. Achin N. Ghor Tulak Khsh. Tulak Ashtarlay Khsh. Khadir Sydb. Brkb. Pul. Farsi Daykundi Nawur Ghor Khadir Brkb. Pul. Ghor Khadir Brkb. Pul. Miramor Jaght. Chr. Pkty. Farsi Sydb. Farsi Sydb. Nili Ah. C. Daykundi Nawur Jaght. Chr. Pkty. Daykundi Nawur Jaght. Chr. Adraskan Shahrestan Rsh. Nili Miramor Ah. Nili Miramor Ah. Pkty. Kh. Znk. Khrwr. J. Jjm. Adraskan Shahrestan C. Adraskan C. Rsh. Kh. Znk. Khrwr. Jjm. Shahrestan Rsh. Kh. Znk. Khrwr. Jjm. Pasaband Gh. Gardez Msk. J. J. Saghar Ajrestan Jaghatu Sbr. Pasaband Gh. Gardez Msk. Pasaband Gh. Gardez Msk. Taywara Dehyk. Saghar Jaghatu Sbr. Saghar Jaghatu Sbr. Kiti Zurmat Taywara Ajrestan Taywara Ajrestan Gizab / Patoo Wgh. Ndr. Trz. Kiti Dehyk. Zurmat Minimum Temperature (Deg. C.) Kiti Dehyk. Zurmat Snow Fall Rate (kg/m2/day) Ghazni Zdr. Khst. Occurance of High Snow Gizab / Patoo Wgh. Ndr. Trz. Gizab / Patoo Wgh. Ndr. Malestan Andar Mtk. S. Zdr. Khst. Zdr. Khst. Trz. Malestan Ghazni Andar Mtk. S. Malestan Ghazni Andar Mtk. S. Shindand Kajran Qarabagh Tani Gr. Pur Chaman Jaghuri Sharn. Z. Spr. Shindand Kajran Qarabagh Tani Gr. Shindand Kajran Qarabagh Tani Gr. Baghran Chor./Chnr. Srrwz. Jaghuri Sharn. Z. Spr. Jaghuri Sharn. Z. Spr. Giro Yosufkhel Pur Chaman Baghran Chor./Chnr. Srrwz. Average Monthly Minimum Pur Chaman Baghran Chor./Chnr. Srrwz. Highest rate from 2004 to 2013 Anar Dara Urg. Persistence (Index Score) Giro Yosufkhel Giro Yosufkhel Shahid-e-Hs. Muqr. Gy. Anar Dara Urg. Gy. Anar Dara Urg. Khasuruzgan Yh. O. Shahid-e-Hs. Muqr. Shahid-e-Hs. Muqr. Gy. Kakar Abband Zrgh. Khasuruzgan Yh. O. Khasuruzgan Yh. O. Sr. Kakar Abband Zrgh. Kakar Abband Zrgh. 0 - 0.16 Bala Buluk Uruzgan Gelan 0.0 - 0.1 Sr. -38 to -30 Sr. Khak. Sfd. Janikhel Bermel Bala Buluk Uruzgan Bala Buluk Uruzgan Dehrawd. Tirinkot Daychopan Khak. Sfd. Gelan Janikhel Bermel Khak. Sfd. Gelan Janikhel Bermel Dehrawd. Tirinkot Dehrawd. Tirinkot Farah Gulistan Arghnd. Dila Daychopan Daychopan P. R. Shahjoy Paktika Farah Gulistan Arghnd. Dila Farah Gulistan Arghnd. Dila Nawzad Msql. Kajaki P. R. Shahjoy Paktika Shahjoy Paktika Qala Kah Nesh Miynshn. Gomal Nawzad Msql. Kajaki P. R. Nawzad Msql. Kajaki 0.17 - 0.55 0.2 - 0.3 Qala Kah Nesh Miynshn. Gomal -29 to -21 Qala Kah Nesh Miynshn. Gomal Zabul Nawa Farah Bakwa Wazakhah Zabul Nawa Zabul Nawa Khakrez Mizan Qalat Nwbhr. Farah Bakwa Wazakhah Farah Bakwa Wazakhah Sng. Khakrez Mizan Qalat Nwbhr. Khakrez Mizan Qalat Nwbhr. Shib Koh Washer Shahwalikot Sng. Sng. Shib Koh Washer Shahwalikot Shib Koh Washer Shahwalikot Ghorak Ghorak -20 to -17 Ghorak 0.56 - 1.04 Trn. Wa Jld. Shinkay Turwo Wormamay 0.4 - 0.7 Trn. Wa Jld. Shinkay Turwo Wormamay Trn. Wa Jld. Shinkay Turwo Wormamay Nahr-e-Srj. Shomulzay Nahr-e-Srj. Shomulzay Nahr-e-Srj. Shomulzay Lash Wa Juwayn Khashrod / Dularam Argh. Atgh. Argh. Atgh. Argh. Atgh. Zhry. Lash Wa Juwayn Khashrod / Dularam Lash Wa Juwayn Khashrod / Dularam Nad-e-Ali / Marja Maywand Zhry. -16 to -12 Zhry. 1.05 - 1.65 Kn./D. Arghestan 0.8 - 1.5 Nad-e-Ali / Marja Maywand Nad-e-Ali / Marja Maywand Maruf Kn./D. Arghestan Kn./D. Arghestan Maruf Maruf Nimroz Lashkrgh. Kang Kandahar Nimroz Lashkrgh. Nimroz Lashkrgh. Chakhansur Kang Chakhansur Kandahar -11 to -7 Kang Chakhansur Kandahar 1.66 - 2.22 1.6 - 2.6 Hilmand Panjwayi Hilmand Panjwayi Hilmand Panjwayi Spinboldak Spinboldak Spinboldak IRAN Zaranj Reg Zaranj Reg Zaranj Reg 2.23 - 2.8 Daman 2.7 - 3.7 IRAN Daman -6 to -3 IRAN Daman -2 to 1 2.81 - 3.43 3.8 - 4.9 PAKISTAN Garmser Garmser Garmser Charburjak Reg Shorabak Charburjak Reg Shorabak Charburjak Reg Shorabak 3.44 - 4.12 5.0 - 6.0 2 to 6 Deh-e-Shu PAKISTAN Deh-e-Shu Deh-e-Shu PAKISTAN 7 to 10 050 100 200 kms 4.13 - 4.8 6.1 - 6.8

11 to 13 Scale (at A0) 1:4,500,000 4.81 - 7 6.9 - 9.0

Minimum Temperature Notes: Snow Fall Rate Notes: Snow Persistence Notes: 1) This data was generated from World Climate data, which provides monthly averages from 1950 to 2000 (http://www.worldclim.org/). 30 second arc grid cell size. 1) The snow fall data was sourced from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (1 degree resolution), NASA Giovanni Project (http://gdata1.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/daac-bin/G3/gui.cgi?instance_id=GLDAS10_M). 1) Occurance of high snow cover for the period 2007 to 2013. 2) The minimum temperature shown in this map is the average of the minimum temperatures for the months of December, January, February and March. 2) The GLDAS data provided an average snow fall rate for the period from December to March (i.e. for each winter) from 2004 to 2013. IDW was used to interpolate the data to the working grid cell size of 500m. 2) Snow cover data are derived from MODIS (MOD10L2) snow products, provided by the NSIDC DAAC and processed by ITHACA (http://www.ithacaweb.org/). 3) Natural breaks (Jenks) were used to normalize (reclassify) the minimum temperature range (i.e. minimum to maximum values) within Afghanistan to a score (i.e. new value) of 1 to 10. 3) Th highest snow fall rate was based on the maximum of the winter average snow fall rates (i.e. average snowfall rates from December to March) that occured from 2004 to 2013. 3) High snow cover persistence was derived from the average occurance of high snow coverage (based on the ITHACA 8-day synthesis) for the months December, January, February and March for the years 2007 to 2013. A seasonal occurance of high snow cover 4) The minimum temperature score was combined with the snowfall rate and high snow coverage scores to calculate the overall extreme winter condition score (see notes on the extreme winter area for futher information). 4) Natural breaks (Jenks) were used to normalize (reclassify) the highest snowfall rate range (i.e. minimum to maximum values) within Afghanistan to a score (i.e. new value) of 1 to 10. (i.e. an index score) was then derived by combining the average monthly occurance. 5) The highest snowfall rate score was combined with the minimum temperature and high snow coverage scores to calculate the overall extreme winter condition score (see notes on the extreme winter area for futher information). 4) Natural breaks (Jenks) were used to normalize (reclassify) the index score (i.e. minimum to maximum values) within Afghanistan to a score (i.e. new value) of 1 to 10. 5) The high snow cover persistence score was combined with the minimum temperature and highest snowfall rate to calculate the overall extreme winter condition score (see notes on the extreme winter area for futher information).

Extreme Winter Zone & Population Density Exposed Population & District Ranking

TAJIKISTAN TAJIKISTAN 5 Darw-e-B. UZBEKISTAN 5 Darwaz UZBEKISTAN Shaki 5

Kofab 5 Khwahan 4

Raghestan 5 Shighnan Yawan 5 Chahab 4 3 3 3 Kohestan Drq. Yn. Ql. Shahr-e-Bz. 5 4 2 3 4 2 Shortepa Khw. Khamyab Qarqin 2 Yaftal-e-Sfl. 5 4 Khan-e-C. Bagh 3 Arghnjk. 2 Emamsaheb Fyzbd. Wakhan Kaldar Shuhada 5 2 Mardyan 2 3 3 Argo 5 2 Dawlatabad Rostaq 2 3 3 4 Khwajadukoh Mingajik Dasht-e-Arc. 3 Qorghan 2 Khwj. 4 Bahrk. 3 A. 3 4 Andk. 3 3 Jawzjan Jawzjan Qala-e-Zal Kunduz Bhr. Hzrsm. 4 Khs. Kunduz 3 Balkh 2 Kunduz 5 3 3 2 3 Darayem Warduj Balkh 3 Qaramqol 3 Charblk. Nahr-e-Shahi Khulm 3 Taloqan 4 4 Jorm Khanaqa 3 Kalfgn. Keshem 4 5 3 2 Chardarah Teshkan Eshkm. Marmul 4 TURKMENISTAN TURKMENISTAN Shiberghan 2 3 3 Khanabd. Takhar Badakhshan Fayzabad 3 3 Takhar 3 Dhd. Bangi 3 3 3 Nmkb. Farkhar Tagab Badakhshan Dawlatabad Feroznakhchir Hazrat-e-Sultan Aliabad 3 5 Yamgan Chemtal Balkh 3 Chal 4 4 Charkent 3 5 4 Zebak Sar-e-Pul Sholgareh 3 4 3 3 Eshkashem 3 3 Baghlan-e-Jadid G-e-N. Shirintagab 3 3 3 Sayad Gosfandi Aybak 4 3 Burka Qushtepa 3 4 Sozmql. Dara-e-Suf-e-Payin 5 3 Keshendeh Khuram Wa Sarbagh Nahrin Warsaj Khwjsbzps. Darzab 3 3 Almar 3 4 3 3 3 3 Pul-e-Kh. 4 Samangan M.3 Samangan 4 5 4 Zari Khwjhjr. Khost Wa Fereng Bilcheragh Koran Wa Monjan Faryab 4 3 3 Barg-e-Matal Faryab 3 Sancharak Dahana-e-Ghori 5 Baghlan Ghormach Pashtunkot Dara-e Suf-e-Bala Baghlan 4 4 Ruy-e-Duab Dehsalah 3 3 4 5 Garziwan Paryan Qaysar 4 Sar-e-Pul 3 Doshi Andarab 5 Sar-e-Pul Kohestanat 4 Pul-e-Hesar 5 3 4 4 4 Bala Murghab 5 Khenjan Bazrk. 5 Kamdesh Kohestan Balkhab Khenj(H-e-A). Mandol Poruns Pnjshr. Kahmard 4 4 5 4 Tala Wa barfak Salang Shtl. R. Nuristan Muqur 4 4 4 Pnjshr. Duab Nuristan 4 5 Nari Gulran 4 4 4 4 Ghazibd.4 Shinwari Dara / Ab Shar 4 Waygal 3 Badghis 3 Badghis J. 3 Wam. 4 4 Sayghan 3 3 Nejrab 3 Charsadra Ghorband 3 K. Br.3 3 4 4 Nurgeram 3 Ab Kamari Jawand 4 Ch. 4 Chapdr. Parwan 3 5 Shekhali 3 3 Dawlatshah 3 Dn.3 Kapisa 4 5 Bagrm. Kapisa 4 3 Wtp. Kushk 3 Yakawlang 4 3 4 Dar-e-P. 3 Parwan Alasy. M. Bamyan Shibar 4 Laghmn. 2 3 Qadis E. 4Qr. 3 Kunr. Kunar 3 4 Bamyan 5 Bamyan 4 Koh-e-Sf. 3 3 3 Kushki Kohna Surkh-e-Parsa F. Alishang Alingar Ch. Nr. Sr. Qal-i-N. 5 4 3 3 Tagab 2 2 5 3 2 Laghman Chaghcharan Shkr. 2 Kohsan Lal Wa Sarjangal 4 3 2 Nurgl. Khsknr. 3 5 Dehsabz Mhtrl./Bad Pash 2 Kabul Injil 5 Hesa-e-Aw-e-B. Jalrez 4 Kzk.2 Dawlat Yar 5 5 Pgh. 3 Kabl. 3 Qarghayi Zinda Jan 3Karukh 3Bgr. 2 Bhsd. Goshta 3 Markaz-e-Behsud Kabul Surobi 2 4 Chishti Sharif 5 4M. 2 Km.2 Panjab 5 Ch.4 Kha-e-J. Srkhr.2 3 3 4 Nerkh 3 4 2 Hesarak Chpr. 2 Obe 4 Khgyn. Wardak Wardak 3 2 2 B.2 Lalpur Sang-e-Takht 3 Rodt. Nangarhar 3 Daymirdad 4 2 2 Ghoryan Hirat Pashtun Zarghun Du Layna 5 4 Mohammadagha 3 Nngr. Mh. Dr. Hirat Waras 5 Azra Shrz. Kt.2 5 Chak 4 Dhbl. Durbb. Guzara 3 5 4 4 3 3 Achin 2 Logar 3 Tulak Shahrak Ashtarlay Pul-e-Al. Khoshi 2 2 Ghor 4 5 4 Alkh.(J). Pchrgm. Nz. Ghor 4 5 4 4Brk. Farsi Khadir Nawur Logar Paktya 4 5 Saydabad Daykundi Miramor 5 4 4 Daykundi 4 5 Jaghatu Chr. 4 3 3 Adraskan Nili Shahrestan Rshd. Ahm. Chm. 4 5 4 Jjmyd. Kh.4 4 4 Sy./Mr. 3 3 Pasaband Znkhn. Kharwar Mskhl. J. 2 4 Ghazni 4 4 Sbr. Saghar 4 Gardez 2 4 5 5 4 4 2B. 4 4 Ajrestan Jaghatu 4 Ql.3 Taywara Kiti 4 Khost Terezy. Paktya Gizab / Patoo 4 Dehyak Zurmat Ndrshh. Khost 4 Malestan Waghz. 3 2 2 Ghazni Ghazni 4 Khost(Mt). Andar 4 4 Zadrn. S.3 M.2 3 Mtkhn. Shindand Kajran 4 Qarabagh Grbz. Pur Chaman 4 4 3 2 3 Sharan 4 3 4 3 5 Tani Baghran 5 Jaghuri Sarrawzah Ziruk Spera Anar Dara Chora / Chinarto 4 4Yosufkhel 4 2 4 Giro Urgun 4 4 3Gy. Shahid-e-Hassas 4 Yhyk. Omna Khasuruzgan Kakar 3 3 Muqur 4 Zrghn. 4 4 Abband 3 Uruzgan 4 Sarb. Uruzgan 2 2 4 Bala Buluk Gelan 3 Khaki Safed 3 4 Dehrawud 3 Bermel Gulistan Tirinkot Janikhel Farah Farah 2 Daychopan Dila Paktika Arghandab 3 2 3 2 Kajaki 4 Paktika Ps. Rod Nawzad Musaqlh. 2 Shahjoy Qala Kah Gomal Administrative Centres 2 3 Nesh 3 3 3 Miyanshin 3 Farah Zabul Nawa Zabul 2 3 Capital 2 Mizan Qalat 3 Wazakhah Bakwa 3 3 Nawbahar 3 Shib Koh Washer Sangin 2 2 Khakrez 3 Provincial Center 2 2 Shahwalikot Ghorak 3 Tarnak Wa Jaldak Turwo 3 3 3 3 Shinkay Shomulzay Wormamay Nahr-e-Saraj 2 3 Population Exposed to Extreme 2 2 Arghndb. 3 Lash Wa Juwayn Khashrod / Dularam Atghar 2 2 Maywand Zheray Extreme Winter Zone 2 2 2 Arghestan Winter Conditions (Individuals) Nad-e-Ali / Marja 2 2 Maruf 2 Kndhr./Dand 3 Lashkargah 500 or Less Nimroz Population Distribution (2010)* Na-e-B. Kandahar Kang Chakhansur 2 Daman 2 501 - 5,000 (Persons per sqkm) Nimroz Hilmand 2 Hilmand Panjwayi Kandahar Spinboldak 2 2 5,001 - 10,000 Zaranj 4,000 or more 2 Reg IRAN IRAN 2 10,001 - 25,000 2,001 - 4,000 25,001 - 50,000 1,001 - 2,000 PAKISTAN PAKISTAN 50,001 - 89,132 501 - 1,000 2 Garmser Shorabak 101 - 500 1 Reg 2 Extreme Winter District Rank Charburjak 2 Very Low (1) 1 - 100 Deh-e-Shu 2 No Population Low (2) Medium (3) High (4) Very High (5)

Extreme Winter Zone Notes: Population Density Data Sources and Notes: Exposed Population and District Ranking Notes: 1) The area of extreme winter was developed using a multi-criteria approach. The overall extreme winter score was constructed from aforementioned factors, including minimum temperature (1950 to 2000), occurance of high snow cover persistence 1) LandScan is the finest resolution global population distribution 1) This map shows the number of individuals exposed to only the extreme winter conditions. (ITHACA 2007 to 2013), and highest snow fall rates (GLDAS 2004 to 2013). Based on temporal averages from December to March the data was normalised on a scale of 1 to 10 and combined to form an overall extreme winter score. Minimum data, which was released in 2010. 2) The population exposed to the extreme winter conditions were dervied from the Landscan 2010 dataset and have been presented on a district wise basis. Considering the temperature and high snow cover persistence were assigned a weighting of 2, while the snow fall rate was only assigned a weight of 1 due to the coarse spatial resolution. 2) LandScan population distribution represents an ambient limitations of the analysis, only districts with at least 500 individuals exposed to the extreme winter conditions have been displayed. 2) Zones of very high, high, medium, low and very low winter conditions were derived based on natural breaks (Jenks) of the extreme winter score. Only the zone of very high (extreme) winter conditions is shown above. population, which integrates diurnal movements and collective 3) The relative district ranking was calculated from the grid of the extreme winter score, i.e. a geographical average within the district boundary. The rank of 1 to 5 translates to 3) Readers should refer to the Humanitarian Response website for further background. travel habits into a single measure averaged over 24 hours. "Very Low" to "Very High".

Date Printed: 05 November 2013 11:46 PM Disclaimers: Data Source(s): AGCHO, CSO, Landscan 2010 The designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the 050 100 200 kms Projection/Datum: Geographic/WGS-84 Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any Doc Name: Afg_Extreme_Winter_201311NOV02_A0 country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the Scale (at A0) 1:2,850,000 delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Feedback: [email protected] Website: http://afg.humanitarianresponse.info/