1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1625

tta coinage the motto, "In God we trust." cisions, through cooperation between the oper~tion .and understanding which has set As Dr. Rqbert Hutchins, the ~oted educator agencies of government, steady progress is an example to the whole country. In the and president o! the Fund !or. the Republic, being made in this direction. But each same way, I believe, we are moving away has recently observed in an address before ·American also has the· responsib111ty to rid from the habit of judging people on the the University o! Chicago Law School, the his heart and mind from social, ethnic, and basis of what country their ancestors came theory of an absolute wall of separation is class prejudice. In this effort, the CYO spirit from. Ethnic prejudice is just another form an unworkable idea that is "hampering us in can and should continue to play an impor­ of racial discrimination, which has not only our search for what we need • • • a na­ tant part, for it is the spirit of true Christian been condemned by the Popes but also by tional idea of education and a national pro­ charity and loyal citizenship. It is the spirit the leaders of all our major faiths at a recent gram to carry it out." which can help most to make this truly "one conference in Chicago. Those of us in public The history of America is a story of the nation, under God." life who believe, as I do, that no candidate search for the attainment of equality of Many of the old prejudices which once should be either elected or defeated on the opportunity, not only in education but in divided America are disappearing. Who basis of his ancestry look to young people every aspect of our social, political, and eco­ would have thought a generation ago that like yourselves to help us in our fight to end nomic life. This is in complete accord with we would have a Catholic as our President ethnic prejudice. As Americans, and as the ideals o! the great social encyclicals of or that Protestants would send official ob­ Catholics, I know that we share the belief the Popes, which teach that every person has serves to a Vatican council? Here in that God made all men equal, with a right to a right to the opportunity to live a reason­ Rhode Island the discussion of textbook aid equal opportunity, not only for personal able, moral life, and the right to social jus­ to nonpublic schools has been conducted development but also for public re­ tice. Through legislation, through court de- in an atmosphere of reason, good will, co- sponsibilities.

Mr. HALLECK. I guess we will not together with the accompanying papers, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have any general debate today. I shall referred to the Committee on Foreign not object to this request, but I want it Affairs and ordered to be printed: MoNDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 1963 understood, Mr. Speaker, that when we The House met at 12 o'clock noon. get going here, that I am not going to To the Congress of the United States: The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp, agree to the meetings of committees I have the honor to transmit the D.D., offered the following prayer: when matters are actively under con­ Second Annual Report of the U.S. Arms sideration on the fioor. I withdraw my Control and Disarmament Agency. Romans 8: 38: I am persuaded that reservation of objection, Mr. Speaker. In this report, submitted pursuant to nothing shall be able to separate us from The SPEAKER. Is there objection law, the Agency describes its activities for the love of God, which is in Christ to the request of the gentleman from the calendar year 1962. Jesus, our Lord. Louisiana? JOHN F. KENNEDY. 0 Thou infinite and eternal God, from There was no objection. THE WHITE HOUSE, February 4,1963. whom neither space nor time, darkness nor distance, can ever separate us, we rejoice that Thou art here in this Cham­ RESIGNATION FROM COMMITTEE COMMERCIAL COMMUNICATIONS ber, for Thou art everywhere. The SPEAKEn laid before the House SATELLITE SYSTEM-MESSAGE Grant that we may be sensitive and the following resignation from a com­ FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE responsive to the presence of Thy gra­ mittee: UNITED STATES (H. DOC. NO. 56) cious spirit, drawing us together in one FEBRUARY 1, 1963. solemn ar..d sacred aspiration to know The Honorable the SPEAKER, The SPEAKER laid before the House Thy truth and do Thy will. U.S. House of Representatives, the following message from the President We pray that in the midst of the Washington, D.C. of the United States, which was read, and world's crises and confusions, its fears DEAR MR. SPEAKER: It has been a pleasure together with the accompanying papers, and frustrations, its sorrows and suffer­ to serve as a member of the Committee on referred to the Committee on Interstate ings, we may hear and heed Thy voice House Administration. I am particularly and Foreign Commerce and ordered to be grateful to the chairman of the committee, printed: of gentle stillness inspiring us to be the gentleman from Texas [Mr. BURLESON], faithful and fearless, strong and stead­ for the fine and impartial way in which he To the Congress of the United States: fast, patient and persevering for we are has presided. in the keeping of One who is far greater Because of the assignment which I have Pursuant to the provisions of section and wiser than man. just received to serve on another commit­ 404(a) of the Communications Satellite In Christ's name we offer our prayers tee, I am regretfully obliged to tender here­ Act of 1962, I transmit herewith the re­ and petitions. Amen. with my resignation as a mem'ber of the quired report covering activities in con­ Committeee on House Administration. nection with the national program for Respectfully yours, the establishment of a commercial com­ THE JOURNAL JOHN B. ANDERSON, munications satellite system. Member of Congress. The Journal of the proceedings of JOHN F. KENNEDY. Thursday, January 31, 1963, was read THE WHITE HousE, January 31, 1963. and approved. ELECTION TO COMMITTEE Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I offer REPRESENTATIVE BARRATT MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT a privileged resolution (H. Res. 233) and O'HARA OF ILLINOIS ask for its immediate consideration. Sundry messages in writing from the Mr. LffiONATI. Mr. Speaker, I ask President of the United States was com­ The Clerk read the resolution, as fol­ unanimous consent to address the House municated to the House by Mr. Ratch­ lows: and to revise and extend my remarks. ford, one of his secretaries. Resolved, That SAMUEL L. DEVINE, of Ohio, be, and he is hereby, elected a member of The SPEAKER. Is there objection the Standing Committee of the House of to the request of the gentleman from Illinois? COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND Representatives on House Administration. There was no objection. LABOR The resolution was agreed to. Mr. LIBONATI. Mr. Speaker, in the Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I ask A motion to reconsider was laid on heart of America, through its historical unanimous consent that the Committee the table. developments by men there are those on Education and Labor be permitted to renowned who have served its purposes sit during the session of the House today. U.S. ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMA­ and its institutions, have enjoyed the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to MENT AGENCY-MESSAGE FROM civic responsibility of its obligations to the request of the gentleman from the citizenry, have served in the military ·Louisiana? THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED forces in war, have contributed to the Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, reserv­ STATES (H. DOC. NO. 57) uplift of human beings, because of the ing the right to object, is that during The SPEAKER laid before the House fact that those human beings represent general debate? the following message from the President the common denominator of the sinews Mr. BOGGS. Today. of the United States, which was read and, and strength of America--we are this 1626 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 4 day pausing to honor just such a great At the close of World War I BARRATT those dedicated to research to continue citizen of the State of Dlinois, Congress­ O'HARA responded to the dictates of their work. Not only did he continue his man BARRATT O'HARA, who 50 years ago heart, mind, and family inheritance. efforts, enactment of Public Law 777 of was sworn in as the youngest Lieutenant His father had been a lawyer and while the 85th Congress, establishing a con­ Governor of the State of Illinois. BARRATT was still a lad, Thomas O'Hara struction program of non-Federal facil­ In his early youth he served in the became a circuit judge. The boy fre­ ities for research, marks a milestone on Spanish-American War, and he keeps quently accompanied his father to court. this road. alive in the hearts of our citizens the It had always been his ambition to prac­ To overlook his contribution to the Maine. tice law. Consequently when the war field of civil rights would be to leave The Cuban situation has called atten­ was over, he began the practice of law. out an important part of this sketch. He tion to the sacrifices made to get the He continued in the law until the years has lived civil rights all of his life. He freedoms that were gained for the Cuban of the great depression. Then as an has sponsored antipoll tax, antilynch­ people who had been living under the extracurricular activity he took up the ing legislation. As a member of the 84th Spanish yoke. Naturally, any man who cause of the unpaid Chicago schoolteach­ Congress he was a member of the steer­ served in that war is a symbol of liberty ers and bondholders who had been ing committee which worked to get civil and freedom. mulcted of their savings by overcapitali­ rights legislation enacted. The tribute BARRATT O'HARA stands out as one of zation in real estate bonds. He led a Of JAMES ROOSEVELT to his service here is the finest criminal lawyers in the State group of schoolteachers to Washington expressed in this telegram sent from Los of Illinois and the Nation. His oratori­ and arranged a meeting with President Angeles, Calif., October 15, 1956: cal and forensic utterances have marked Franklin D. Roosevelt. An RFC loan to Han. BARRATT O'HARA, him as a lawyer who combined legal Chicago was arranged and the teachers Chicago, Ill_: skill with a deep knowledge of human were paid. With a committee chaired I want to take this opportunity to join emotions and understanding. He was by Congressman Adolph J. Sabath, with you in a solemn promise to renew and outstanding in his contribution to the O'HARA assisted in drafting legislation continue our efforts on the steering commit­ defense of poor and unfortunate persons. which since has protected bond pur­ tee for civil rights legislation. Your wonder­ He successfully defended 200 human be­ chasers. fully thorough and persistent efforts played When Chicago was building its subway a large part in our success in getting civil ings charged with murder during his rights legislation through the House this brilliant career at the bar. Mayor Edward J. Kelly appointed year. We will start early in the next session. Throughout all his legislative life he O'HARA special traction attorney. He Your guidance and help will be essential. has contributed much to the welfare of worked with William J. Sexton. The Warmest regards, the people. As Lieutenant Governor of Chicago subway is not only a tremendous JAMES ROOSEVELT. engineering feat but an outstanding ex­ the State of Illinois he inaugurated the Continuing his work in this field, he minimum wage concept in legislation. ample of protection of the taxpayers' money. was the first to sponsor in the House It was a result of investigations started (H.R. 10630) the civil rights bill of 1958. by him as to the low starvation salaries He remained · special corporation counsel in -charge of_subways and super­ Enacted into law this legislation would paid to women and girls who were em­ provide a sane, sure solution of problems ployed in the sweatshops in the city of highways \lntil hi.s election to Congress in 1948. - ·· ' . created in the field of civil rights and Chicago and throughout the. State. serve to enforce constitutional rights. Out of these investigations came two The· high p'oints of BARRATT . O'HARA'S sets of law far reaching in importance: service in the 81st"Congress were his work - During the 85th Congress, aware of The first, a set of regulations of lake in the field of housing legislation and the challenges presented by our gradual steamers which have had the effect of his contribution to the enactment of leg­ loss of leadership in the world, BARRATT preventing such other disasters on the islation to establish the National Science O'HARA accepted an assignment to the Great Lakes; the other, State minimum Foundation. Both reflected the interest Committee on Foreign Affairs. His lead­ wage laws. As a result of the disclosures of his district. Because of the over­ ership has been on the side of building Of BARRATT O'HARA'S investigation, eight whelming interest in housing he had re­ a peaceful world through technical as­ States immediately adopted minimum quested Banking and Currency as his sistance to backward, poverty-stricken wage laws for women. His legislative committee assignment. He introduced nations by means of loans, not grants, leadership resulted in the first pension legislation to provide middle-income ad~inistered by the Export-Import and laws for policemen and firemen in Illi­ housing, housing for the aged, all of International Banks. He recommends nois. which have been incorporated into the tapering off of military aid. He has In 1913 Illinois was a State of dirt and law of the land. looked askance at promoting an arma­ sand roads, public utilities scandals, low He continued his work for the under­ ments race, and especially at furnishing wages. Governor Dunn's administration, dog, championing such necessary legis­ arms to small nations which might in Which BARRATT O'HARA was Lieutenant lation as FEPC, minimum wage laws, through irresponsible management touch Governor and president of the senate, adequate pensions as well as adequate off a major conflict. He demanded and inaugurated the roadbuilding program, wages for civil service, postal employees, secured the first accounting by the ICA. established the Illinois Public Utilities railroad workers, and improved social Motivated by his boyhood affection for Commission. As president of the senate, security. the people of Latin America, he accepted O'HARA's senate vice commission con­ Realizing the great importance of basic an assignment to the Subcommittee on ducted an investigation into wages paid research in modern life, national defense, Inter-American Affairs. Through his working girls. The investigation at­ and health, BARRATT O'HARA WOrked ac­ committee he is working for the amity tracted national publicity. The result: tively for legislation establishing the Na­ of relationship with Latin America which President Woodrow Wilson called the tional Science Foundation. In every once characterized our good neighbor Lieutenant Governor to Washington; Congress of which he has been a Mem­ policy and which built hemispheric sol­ eight States enacted minimum-wage ber he has campaigned actively for in­ idarity. One of the first pieces of legis­ laws, and the minimum-wage movement creased appropriations for this work. lation which he introduced in the 88th was launched. During the 84th Congress he was ac­ Congress was a bill to establish a Uni­ One result of this investigation was tive in support of legislation to provide versity of the Americas. the movie, "The Little Girl Next Door," Federal assistance for construction of Recognized on both sides of the aisle which broke all records both for attend­ facilities for research in such diseases as as one of the most active and valuable, ance and boxomce receipts. In this cancer, heart disease, poliomyelitis, ar­ as well as colorful, Members of the House production BARRATT O'HARA was producer thritis, cerebral palsy, and muscular dys­ of Representatives is BARRATT O'HARA. as well as actor for at the close of his trophy. His efforts were successful and His is a life of positive achievement. term as Lieutenant Governor he had Public Law 835 authorized $90 million Even as a small boy when his father taken over the studios of David Wark for this purpose. BARRATT O'HARA appre­ was our Minister to . Nicaragua, he Griffith. However, his career in the ciates that this legislation represents showed the fire of ambition of his later movies was short lived. When the only the beginning. He is aware of the years. He first went to Central America United States declared war, BARRATT fact that our medical schools are seri­ for a summer vacation. While he en­ O'HARA enlisted as a private in the In­ ously handicapped by inadequate re­ joyed healthy sports like swimming and fantry. search facilities and money to encourage sailing, his interests did .not stop there. 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1627 He joined a party from the Smithsonian of the State of Illinois at the age of 30, · During his long and distinguished ca­ Institution in an expedition into Central he was the youngest man to hold a high reer, BARRATT O'HARA helped organize America to study the flora and fauna of and exalted position in the history of the American Legion in Illinois and the area. He lived history by joining that great State. During his service as served in high capacities in other organi­ General Alexander in an investigation Lieutenant Governor, he was chairman zations. When he was first elected to into the boundary dispute between Nica­ of the legislative vice and wage com­ the U.S. Congress, he brought with him ragua and Costa Rica. mission and held hearings throughout a great wealth of talent and ability that He attended school in Nicaragua and the State and was successful in passing had been sharpened and honed through staged a revolution on Fourth of July the first minimum wage law of any State his years of experience. BARRATT's pro­ when schools failed to close for American in the Middle West. He also pioneered found knowledge of the law, his innate Independence Day. the abolition of the sweatshop in the sense of fairplay, his keen wit, and his It was this love for the people of the city of Chicago during that period. outstanding oratorical ability all con­ Caribbean that motivated his leaving BARRATT O'HARA has been one Of the tributed to make him one of our most high school to fight for Cuban independ­ outstanding lawyers in the city of respected and valuable legislators. ence in the Spanish-American War. Chicago for years and, at one time, was As chairman of the Committee on For­ Excursions into vital affairs in the associated with the celebrated Clarence eign Affairs, I am proud and happy to world about him did not interfere with Darrow in many trial cases. He serve with BARRATT. He has accepted completion of his education-high school, pioneered many reforms in legal proce­ even the most difficult of committee as­ Benton Harbor, Mich., and the Univer­ dure and particularly in Federal bank­ signments with a contagious enthusiasm sity of Missouri. While attending the ruptcy procedures when he was active and a demonstration of skill that made university he served as sportswriter on in the law profession. He was assistant their fulfillment seem deceptively easy. the St. Louis Chronicle from which he city attorney for the city of Chicago for As Chairman of our standing sub com­ graduated to sports editor and Sunday a number of years. He has been a mittee on Africa, BARRATT has made a editor of the Chicago American. pioneer in veterans organizations, in­ great contribution to a better mutual Congressman BARRATT O'HARA needs no cluding the Spanish-American War understanding and friendship between one to eulogize his accomplishments. Veterans, American Legion, Veterans of the United States and the newly emerged Congressman BARRATT O'HARA is a man Foreign Wars, the Chicago Press Vet­ nations of that great continent. of positive nature. He is a man of kind­ erans Association and many other clubs, BARRATT is also ranking majority mem­ ness. He belongs on the committee­ both civic and social. BARRATT has been ber of our Subcommittee on Inter-Amer­ Foreign Affairs-on which he now the author of several books which were ican Affairs, an area in which he has serves. He understands people. He widely read and some are still in had a strong interest ever since early knows the deprivations they suffer and circulation. boyhood days spent in Nicaragua. the sacrifices they go through. Especial­ I wish to join BARRATT's colleagues in BARRATT has passed the four score ly does he know and understand the peo­ extending congratulations to him on his mark in years, but he is truly one of ple of his own district. So on this day, long and consecutive public service to his the most youthful men in the House of Mr. Speaker, we welcome BARRATT city, State, and Nation. Representatives in word and deed. His O'HARA. We are very glad to see him Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Speaker, 50 years keen mind and boundless energy keep in our ranks in this session of the Con­ ago the voters of Illinois elected a young him one of the most usefully active of gress that he has served so well, and man of 30 to be Lieutenant Governor, the our Members. On this occasion it is a we know that he will continue to serve youngest in the history of that great great pleasure for me to salute him and with honor to his district, State, and Na­ State. BARRATT O'HARA had already dis­ commend him on the 50th anniversary tion. We are grateful to him for being tinguished himself in the Spanish-Amer­ of his dedication to public service. We with us again in this session of the Con­ ican War and in the fields of sports and need more men like him and I hope to gress and ask the good Lord for him that journalism. He participated in the siege serve with him for many years to come. he may be permitted to be with us in of Santiago de Cuba and was sub­ Mr. MURPHY of Illinois. Mr. Speak­ many, many more sessions to come-so sequently awarded the Order of Military er, I want to compliment the gentleman that his wide experience and great Merit in White by the Republic of Cuba from Illinois for having the foresight to knowledge will help to develop the kind for his services to the Cuban people dur­ reserve the time to pay respects to our of men who will serve in this Chamber ing their war for independence. He went distinguished colleague from the Second in the future-that each may cultivate on to become sporting editor of the St. Congressional District of Illinois, the that keen insight in legislative affairs Louis Chronicle while only 20 years of Honorable BARRATT O'HARA, on the anni­ and with such integrity to further age. A year later he became sporting versary of 50 years of public service. the best interests of our people and our editor of Hearst's Chicago American. Nation. I congratulate you, Congress­ He also served as Sunday editor of the BARRATT O'HARA was born at St. Jo­ man O'HARA, on this day for your great Chicago Examiner and editor and pub­ seph, Mich., on April 28, 1882, the son of accomplishments in life-in the field of lisher of the Chicago Magazine. the late Circuit Court Judge Thomas journalism, as a lawyer, as a statesman, As chairman of the Illinois Senate O'Hara and Mary Barratt O'Hara. He as a patriot in peace, and as a soldier Vice and Wage Commission, he conduct­ was married to Florence M. Hoffman in in time of war. May God bless you. ed an investigation into wages which re­ 1906. They had three sons, Barratt, Jr., Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Speaker, today sulted in minimum wage laws in eight Lorence, and Howard. we are commemorating Congressman States. He attended Benton Harbor High BARRATT O'HARA'S 50th anniversary of the BARRATT, while serving as Acting Gov­ School, University of Missouri, North­ day he was sworn in as Lieutenant Gov­ ernor of Illinois, was a member of the western University, and Chicago-Kent ernor of the State of Illinois. Federal board of inquiry into the SS College of Law where he received his BARRATT O'HARA has a long and dis­ Eastland tragedy, a capsizing in the Chi­ LL.B. degree. tinguished record of public service dur­ cago River in which 812 lives were lost. As a boy at the age of 14, he accom­ ing his adult life. He attended the and proposed legislation which, enacted panied his father who had been ap­ University of Missouri, Northwestern by the Congress, has prevented similar pointed Emissary to Nicaragua by Presi­ University and graduated from the Kent catastrophes since that time. dent Grover Cleveland. ·when he was College of Law. He is the only repre­ He became president of a film com­ a sophomore at Benton Harbor High sentative of the Spanish-American War pany with studios in Hollywood in 1917, School he enlisted in the 33d Michigan sitting in the Halls of Congress today, but resigned when war was declared to Volunteer Infantry and at the age of 16 and I might add, one of the compar­ reenter military service. During World he was the youngest American soldier at atively few remaining Spanish-American War I he served with the 319th Infantry, the siege of Santiago in Cuba. He was War veterans remaining over the Na­ 80th Division and later the ·12th Regu­ awarded the Order of Military Merit in tion. In his younger days, he gained lar Army Division. On the termination White by the Republic of Cuba for serv­ long experience in service as a news­ of the war, BARRATT resumed the practice ices rendered the people of Cuba during paperman, having been sporting editor of law in Chicago. He was defense coun­ their war for independence. of the St. Louis Chronicle and the sel in many homicide trials with a rec­ At 21 he was sporting editor of the Chicago Examiner. When he was sworn ord of never having a death sentence Chicago Americ.an. He was later cable in 50 years ago as Lieutenant Governor imposed. editor of the Chicago Chronicle, Sunday 1628 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 4 editor of the Chicago Examiner, and edi­ ities. He was the youngest Lieutenant age cannot wither his abilities, for he tor and publisher of the Chicago Maga­ Governor ever to take office in the State has become as effective and respected a zine. of Illinois. But his service to his coun­ Member as any in the House. Today he When he was 30 years of age, BARRATT try and his fellow men dates even prior serves with distinction as chairman of O'HARA was elected Lieutenant Governor to this. the Subcommittee on Africa of the Com­ of the State of Illinois, the youngest in As a sophomore in high school, at the mittee on Foreign Affairs. the State's history. As chairman of the age of 15, he enlisted as a volunteer in We fully expect him to carry on for at Illinois Senate Vice and Wage Commit­ the infantry to join in the War of 1898 least another 50 years. tee, he conducted an inquiry that aroused and found himself in Cuba following Mrs. KELLY. Mr. Speaker, for a half national interest and occasioned the Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders. century, the Honorable BARRATT O'HARA passage of minimum wage laws in sev­ Mr. Speaker, 65 years later we find has served the public. In 1913 Mr. eral States. ourselves again confronted in the need O'HARA started his political career when In 1916 he took over the movie studios to help Cuba win its independence from he began a 4-year term as Lieutenant and organizations of David Wark Grif­ tyranny and I am sure if my honorable Governor of Illinois; and in 1963 the fith, the second largest studio in Holly­ colleague was but a few years younger distinguished Member began his seventh wood. When war broke out with Ger­ he would again be volunteering his serv­ term as representative of Illinois dele­ many he resigned as president of the ices. gation to the U.S. Congress. movie company to enter the Armed I join with my other colleagues in I can truly testify to the excellent rec­ Forces, serving with the 80th and 12th expressing best wishes to my good friend ord that Mr. O'HARA has made for him­ Divisions. . BARRATT on this day and hope that we self in the deliberations of Congress. He At the conclusion of the war he de­ will be able to honor him on many more is an example of what a Representative voted himself to the practice of criminal such anniversaries. should be. He represents the people law in Chicago defending in over 200 Mr. McCLORY. Mr. Speaker, I am of the South Side of Chicago, who live in murder cases. His acquittals were pleased to associate myself with the re­ the Second Congressional District. His numerous; in not one case was the death marks of the distinguished gentlemen district is heavily industrialized, featur­ penalty inflicted. He was associated in from Illinois, Mr. LIBONATI and Mr. WIL­ ing steel mills, docks, and grain ele­ many cases with the late Clarence LIAM T. MURPHY, and the other gentle­ vators, among many other manifesta­ Darrow . . man from Illinois today in paying tribute tions of the area's prime importance. In 1939 he became associated with to our beloved colleague, BARRATT O'HARA, And his constituents are of all races, William H. Sexton as special attorney for on the occasion of the 50th anniversary creeds, and colors. A large part of his the city of Chicago in traction reorga­ of his public service. talent has been demonstrated by his nization and in the construction of a As a longtime member of the Illinois success in caring for the many varieties comprehensive system of subways and State Senate, I salute Mr. O'HARA who, of problems that have arisen in his superhighways. at the age of 30, was elected the Lieu­ constituency. He is the author of a number of books, tenant Governor of Illinois-the Mr. O'HARA's career is as varied as the included among which is a history and youngest Lieutenant Governor in the his­ people and problems of his district; for an analysis of the Constitution of the tory of that State. In this capacity, he in addition to his congressional activi­ United States of which Miss Marie served as the president of the State ties, he is a successful lawyer, business­ Crowe, historian and civics teacher and senate and on. numerous occasions he man, journalist, radio commentator, and now his assistant, was coauthor. served as acting Governor of the State soldier. Regarding the last activity, Mr. The district which BARRATT represents of Illinois. O'HARA at the age of 15 years enlisted in includes the University of Chicago, and As a law student at Chicago Kent the armed services during the Spanish­ because of this and other circumstances, College of Law, I came to know Mr. American War, and fought as a corporal he gave special attention to educational O'HARA more than 30 years ago. As an during the siege of Santiago. And when matters coming before the Congress. He illustrious alumnus of Chicago Kent, the United States entered World War I. was very active and cooperative with me BARRATT O'HARA attended many of our he served honorably as a major. when I was chairman of the planning and law school functions and gave us the As a reporter and editor, Mr. O'HARA housing committee of the city council in benefit of some of his experiences in the was prominent in the Middle West, the redevelopment projects in the Uni­ active practice of law where he had a working for distinguished newspapers versity of Chicago area. brilliant career. in Chicago and in St. Louis. BARRATT has been interested in Latin As a longtime friend and admirer of At one time, Mr. O'HARA was presi­ American affairs and is now the senior BARRATT O'HARA, I am pleased to join dent of the Arizona Film Co., with member of the Inter-American Subcom­ today in this tribute to his 50 golden studios in Hollywood, Calif., and, later mittee of the House Committee on For­ years of public service. on, he was a radio commentator over eign Affairs. Since 1959 he has been the Mr. SLACK. Mr. Speaker, 50 years station WCFL in Chicago. chairman of the Regional Subcommittee ago a young newspaperman decided to It is apparent that one reason why on Africa of the House Committee on get into politics and promptly got him­ Mr. O'HARA has been such an effective Foreign Affairs, and is considered one of self elected Lieutenant Governor of Illi­ Member of the House is that he has the foremost authorities on African nois, at 30, the youngest in the State's brought an immense wealth of experi­ Affairs. history. This year that man, still young ence to the job, and has been able to It has been my privilege to know BAR­ in spirit, is rounding out 50 years of dedi­ make good use of it. RATT O'HARA for over 40 years and I am cated public service. His name is BAR­ I am proud to have served and worked happy to join my colleagues in congrat­ RATT O'HARA, and the reputation of that with Mr. O'HARA. His contribution to ulating h:m on his long and illustrious name in Chicago, in Illinois, indeed, in the workings of the U.S. Government career as a public servant. May the the Nation, hardly needs burnishing. has been invaluable. good Lord grant him many more years of His enormous talent has permitted Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, the good health in the service of our country. him to flourish in such diverse fields as entire Congress extends to you congrat­ Mr. FINNEGAN. Mr. Speaker, it has journalism, politics, the law, radio ulations on the occasion of your 50th been my privilege during my short tenure broadcasting, and the military. Before anniversary of public service and accom­ as a Member of Congress to be closely entering politics he was already a dis­ plishment. The Nation as a whole, as associated with a man whose experience tinguished magazine editor. He charged well as the Democratic Party, has been as an elected public official dates back an Illinois group which was responsible the better because of your dedication to to when I was a little boy. for the first State minimum-wage laws. the public welfare-a welfare embrac­ BARRATT O'HARA has always been a As an attorney he compiled a brilliant ing every level. name revered in Illinois, in politics, and record both for private clients and for As the youngest Lieutenant Governor in all other fields which his interests and the city of Chicago. . of Illinois, as one who was instrumental service have can·ied him. Fifty years When he came to the House of Repre­ in enacting the first minimum wage law ago he gained his first elective office sentatives in 1949 he was a mere 66, in Illinois, and as a Legislator in Wash­ and since that time has served the people ready for a new career. In the inter­ ington, you have helped to sustain the in many elective and appointed capac- vening .years he has demonstrated that fundamental tenets of our democracy. 1963 ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE 1629 In your devotion to the public good, there rise to pay tribute to a great liberal who in congratulating both Congressman has been evinced a human and dynamic has made significant contributions to the O'HARA and his constituency. concern not only for your Chicago con­ framework of the laws of our country, Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, it is stituency, but also for the needs of the both State and National-the Honorable with pride and deep respect that I rise national citizenry as well. It is no won­ BARRATT O'HARA. today to add my voice to those who have der, then, why you have come to be held As a Representative from the 50th praised Congressman BARRATT O'HARA, in such high esteem by your other con­ State, I am especially grateful for his and his outstanding record of 50 years of gressional compatriots as well as I. role in the achievement of Hawaiian public service. We salute you, and wish you many statehood. In 1950 as a Member of the His life and career have been bril­ more years of public service. 81st Congress, Congressman O'HARA liantly reviewed here in this Chamber, Mr. ROOSEVELT. Mr. Speaker, I am made one of the most important and but I would like to say a few words today delighted to participate in this well­ moving pleas for Hawaiian statehood about BARRATT O'HARA, the man; a man deserved tribute to our friend, the Hon­ that were made during the long and ar­ I have been privileged to know. orable BARRATT O'HARA, in honor of the duous fight. The Honolulu Star-Bulle­ It is impossible to grow up in Illinois observance of his 50th anniversary of tin singled out his speech as the most these days without feeling the influence public service. effective one on Hawaiian statehood of this warmhearted and generous man Our colleague has an enviable record made in that Congress, and printed it in who has become so much a part of the in diverse areas. Many of us are well full in three installments. Mr. O'HARA history and lifeblood of our State. His aware of the fine work he performed in pointed out at that time that- love for Illinois, his civic pride and great the great State of Illinois where, as The pattern of the Old World of the horse compassion for his fellow countrymen chairman of the Illinois Senate Vice and and buggy should be modernized even in the have been expressed throughout his life. Wage Commission, he conducted an in­ matter of selecting territories to be taken It has been said that a man's life is the vestigation which resulted in passage of into the Union as States. sum of his knowledge and experience put the first State minimum wage laws. He also stated- to use. BARRATT O'HARA's eventful years I also consider of utmost importance My faith is in my country and the purity have been scored by thousands of deeds his contribution in the field of civil of its purpose to ask nothing for its own and actions which eloquently bespeak the rights. A moving force in the history of people that it does not seek to make possible motivating philosophy of the man behind SUCh legislation, BARRATT O'HARA has for all men to attain in a world of brother­ them. When I think of BARRATT O'HARA, worked earnestly toward the solution of hood. I am always reminded of the saying that the many problems encountered in the Congressman O'HARA · opened other the difference between a dream and real­ enforcement of constitutional rights. important new frontiers in the under­ ity is action, action taken by a man of In this connection I was happy to wire standing of the brotherhood of man. It ability who is not willing to give less than him a few years ago as follows: was he who employed the first person of the best of himself in any endeavor. Your wonderfully thorough and persistent Japanese ancestry to work in a congres­ The State of Illinois, this House of efforts played a large part in our success in sional office, a Mrs. Mary Ono, who is Representatives, and our great land have getting civll rights legislation through the increased in stature owing to the great House this year. still a member of his staff. As the youngest Lieutenant Governor contributions Mr. O'HARA has made to Through these many years I have be.en in the history of his State, and as the the true ideals of our Democratic privileged to serve in the House of Rep­ presiding officer of the State senate, he process. resentatives with BARRATT O'HARA. I commenced an investigation into the My own career in public life has been have fo.und his guidance and counsel of wages paid to workingwomen. This pio­ relatively brief, by comparison to the immeasurable assistance. Thus, with neer work resulted in giving the whole years Congressman O'HARA has served warm affection, I salute BARRATT O'HARA minimum wage movement its impetus. the people. And it is particularly grati­ and offer sincere congratulations on his And it was .the administration of which fying to know that, in a world which anniversary of 50 years of selfless devo­ he was a part that established the first often scoffs at idealism, there are still .. tion to his fellow man. public utilities commission in Illinois. those rare individuals, like BARRATT Mr. PRICE. Mr. Speaker, I join my O'HARA, who can renew our faith in the Mr. Speaker, BARRATT O'HARA, at the future and our will to accept the prob­ colleagues from Illinois and others who age of 80 years, displays that spirit and this afternoon are extending congratula­ lems thrust upon us by the times. exercise of imagination and foresight BARRATT O'HARA is ageless and of the tions to Hon. BARRATT O'HARA, our distin­ which lends inspiration to us younger guished friend and member of the Illi­ ages. I am proud to be associated with Members of Congress in facing the chal­ this great man and to call him friend nois delegation in the House. lenges of the new frontiers. Fifty years ago BARRATT O'HARA was and colleague. On this 50th anniversary As a Representative of a grateful peo­ of his election to public office, I take the elected Lieutenant Governor of the State ple of the youngest State in the Union, I of Illinois. Since that time he has opportunity to wish him many more join in congratulating_Mr. O'HARA on this years of health so he can continue his achieved many successes· which have occasion and in wishing him many more given him not only personal satisfaction impressive record of public service. years of good health. God knows we Mr. FARBSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, the but which have contributed to the wel­ need men of his caliber, integrity, fore­ fare of the people of the State and Na­ public tribute that this Congress has tion. Congressman LIBONATI has briefly sight, and understanding. paid to my good friend and able col­ sketched some of these. To fully touch Mr. EDMONDSON. Mr. Speaker, it is league from Illinois, the Honorable BAR­ on his amazing record in public office, a pleasure to join in this tribute to one RATT O'HARA, for his half century of pub­ and in his career as a lawyer, newspaper­ of the best loved Members of this body, lic service has been founded on private man and radio commentator would re­ the Honorable BARRATT O'HARA, on this admiration released by proper occasion. quire volumes. 50th anniversary of his public service. I have known Mr. O'HARA for anum­ Congressman O'HARA is the only vet­ Few men in America today have had ber of years, and on numerous occasions eran of the Spanish-American War now the rich and varied career of this dis­ have worked with him in the House serving in the Congress. He is also a tinguished and eloquent statesman. Committee on Foreign Affairs, and in veteran of World War I. A man of great personal courage and many other capacities. Our relationship My best wishes are extended to him on independence, Congressman O'HARA has been profitable and inspiring to me. this anniversary and my congratulations never hesitates to speak out in support He has always been forthright, honest, are extended him as well as my com­ of his convictions, whatever may appear and, in a sense, ageless-and his mind mendation for his remarkable record of to be the tide of public opinion on the is as keen as any man's, regardless of service in the Congress of the United issue at the moment. age. States. When he does speak, it is always with -No one can truthfully deny that my Mr. MATSUNAGA. Mr. Speaker, ex­ force, eloquence and conviction, and with colleagues' tributes have been preceded actly 50 years ago, one of the Members of the keen attention of his colleagues. through the years by the recognition of this 88th Congress was· inaugurated as It has been a great privilege and pleas­ the public, which time and again has re- the youngest Lieutenant Governor in the ure to serve with this great Illinois . elected Mr. O'HARA to important State history of the great State of Illinois. I Congressman, and I join my· colleagues and national offices. Such recognition 1630 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 4 was evident in 1913, when at the age of member of the House Committee on For­ His success in life cannot be meas­ 30 years he became the youngest Lieu­ eign Affairs, and his knowledge of Latin ured by any one outstanding achieve­ tenant Governor in the history of Illi­ American and African matters in par­ ment for there have been many ac­ nois. And, of course, this recognition ticular is impressive. His judgment on countable to him. He richly deserves was once again demonstrated during last these matters is greatly valued by his the gratitude of our citizenry and I am fall's elections, which enabled Mr. O'HARA colleagues. I can think of few people pleased to have this opportunity to ex­ to begin his seventh term in Congress. anywhere whose careers can equal my tend my best wishes to him on his Mr. O'HARA's abilities are especially good friend BARRATT O'HARA'S in length golden anniversary of unselfish devotion suited for the House of Representatives, and breadth-jungle explorer, brave sol­ to his country and neighbors. in which the diverse problems and in­ dier, journalist, magazine publisher, May this remarkable record of service terests of our Nation are examined and movie producer and actor, prizefight continue for many more years for there resolved. The gentleman from Illinois promoter, radio broadcaster, author of will always be a need for his wisdom and represents a district of many industries, books, brilliant defender of accused crim­ understanding of the many problems and peopled by all races and colors, and inals, brilliant also as an attorney for the Nation is confronted with each day. by many creeds. He has shown much of the city of Chicago. And since coming his talent by successfully caring for the to Congress, the sponsor and supporter many problems that have arisen in his of much significant legislation. There GENERAL LEAVE TO EXTEND varied constituency. are far too few men like my good friend Mr. LIBONATI. Mr. Speaker, I ask To the world Mr. O'HARA has been suc­ BARRATT O'HARA in the world. He is a unanimous consent that all Members cessful as a lawyer, businessman, admin­ compassionate human and a loyal, dedi­ may have 5 legislative days to extend istrator, journalist, radio commentator, cated American. BARRATT O'HARA has their remarks with reference to our dis­ soldier, legislator, and guardian of the addressed the House every year he has tinguished colleague, the gentleman from public interest. In addition, to me, and been here on the anniversary of the illinois, Mr. BARRATT O'HARA: I am sure to my colleagues, he has been sinking of the Maine, and I hope we will The SPEAKER. Without objection, it a success as a friend. continue hearing his moving words for is so ordered. Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I am many, many years to come. There was no objection. grateful that we have reached the mid­ Mr. ROSTENKOWSKI. Mr. Speaker, for many, 50 years is a lifetime, but dle of February, for the time is arriving THE CONSENT CALENDAR for a Cuba speech that all welcome. This amongst us today, there is a gentleman speech, in fact, has become something of from Illinois for whom 50 years is just The SPEAKER. This is the day for an institution in this noble Chamber. I a milestone in a career dedicated to the call of the Consent Calendar. The refer to the annual remarks of my dis­ serving his fellow man. A career, I Clerk will call the first bill on the cal­ tinguished colleague from Illinois, Con­ might add, which I hope will continue endar. gressman BARRATT O'HARA, commemorat­ for another 50 years. I refer to my very Mr. FORD. Mr. Speaker, a parlia­ ing the sinking of the battleship Maine good friend and neighbor from Chicago, mentary inquiry. in Havana Harbor February 15, 1898. the Honorable BARRATT O'HARA, the able The SPEAKER. The gentleman will BARRATT O'HARA is a recognized authority Representative from Illinois' Second state it. on the Spanish-American War that fol­ District. Mr. FORD. It is my understanding lowed that shocking event. He fought Fifty years ago, at the young age of that consent was granted to consider the bravely in that war, though only a teen­ 30, BARRATT was chosen as a candidate Consent Calendar today. ager at the time. And he has since for the seat of Lieutenant Governor of The SPEAKER. The Chair stated that fought many other battles, political and Illinois-the youngest man ever to be the calendar would be called today. otherwise, where invariably you will find considered for this important post. Mr. FORD. It was announced that it him on the side of humanity and basic Needless to say, the people of Illinois, at would be called. This is the first Mon­ human rights. the time, recognized his ability, his ag­ day in the month and the regular Con­ Mr. Speaker, I would like today to add gressiveness, and his dedicated spirit sent Calendar Day. a few words of my own to those already toward his country, by electing him to The SPEAKER. That is correct. recorded in recognition of the 50th anni­ fill this office. Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Speaker, will the versary Of BARRATT O'HARA'S entering In this capacity he aroused great gentleman yield? public service. It was back in 1913 at interest in the slave wages being paid in Mr. FORD. I yield to the gentleman the age of 30, that my good friend took his State and this interest occasioned from Colorado. office as Illinois' youngest lieutenant the passage of minimum wage laws in Mr. ASPINALL. Under the rules of governor. Already he had accumulated several of the States. It marked the the House these bills are not eligible at an enviable treasure of worldly expe­ beginning of providing decent wages for the present time for consideration. rience. hard-working people who struggled to I have no objection to the considera­ But upon taking a position of ·public hold a place in society. tion of the bills, however, because I con­ trust half a century ago he began com­ But this hallmark was not the begin­ sider each one of them is in order; but piling an even more impressive record ning of his dedication toward the rights I would like to ask unanimous consent of dedicated service to his fellow coun­ of free men, for he served his country at this time, Mr. Speaker, that I be per­ trymen. Upon taking up the reins of well during its struggle in the Spanish­ mitted to insert in the RECORD at this lieutenant governor my distinguished American War and World War I: place the rules which the official ob­ colleague served notice of what the Na­ He is a man of many abilities. He jectors usually proceed under. This is tion could expect of him by launching a enjoys a brilliant career as a lawyer­ in accordance with the practice that vigorous and penetrating investigation a champion in the defense of the poor has been followed heretofore as far as of the disgraceful sweatshop working and unfortunate. He is also noted as a the consideration of the great number conditions and pitifully low salaries en­ journalist, author, orator, and business­ of bills is concerned that are considered dured by far too many women and girls man. by unanimous consent on this calendar. in that era. His leadership spurred a His career in the House of Repre­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to nationwide movement for minimum wage sentatives did not begin until 1949, but the request of the gentleman from Colo­ laws. This unstinting pursuit of truth since that time, his many abilities have rado? and defense of human dignity has been been of great value to his constituency There was no objection. a hallmark of BARRATT O'HARA'S career as well as the Nation. The matter referred to follows: ever since. My good friend and colleague As a member of the House Foreign On January 24 and January 31, respec­ came to Capitol Hill in 1949 at an age Affairs Committee he has proven his tively, the majority and minority floor when most of us would have been con­ worth in solving the many problems en­ leaders appointed their respective personnel tent to settle back and enjoy our mem­ compassing this important field. He is of the objectors committees, Mr. ALBERT, the ories and pension checks. Yet today, gentleman from Oklahoma appointing three a leading authority on African affairs members of his party and Mr. HALLECK, the nearly 81 years old, he possesses one of and his knowledge and interest of Latin gentleman from Indiana, appointing three the most sensible and-searching minds America have been valuable to our re­ members of his party. The objectors com­ in this House. He is an outstanding lationships with these world areas. mittees are unomclal committees of the 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1631 House of Representatives, existing at the The members of the Consent Calendar ob- teet the interests of the various Members request and at the pleasure of the respective . jectors committee also feel it fair to state to of the House. floor leaders of the two parties .who, in order the membership that it is not their purpose The SPEAKER. The Clerk will call to facilitate the proper screening of legisla­ to obstruct legislation or to object to bills the first bill on the calendar. ~ion which may be placed on the Consent or pass them over without prejudice because Calendar, designate Members of each side of of any personal objection to said bill or bills the aisle charged with the specific responsi­ by any one member or all of the members of bility of seeing to it that legislation passing the Consent Calendar objectors committee, ADDITIONAL COMPENSATION FOR by such procedure is in the interest of good but rather that their real purpose, in addi- DEAFNESS OF BOTH EARS government. The rule which is applicable tion to expediting legislation, is to protect to Consent Calendar procedure is rule 746 of the membership against having bills passed The Clerk called the bill of De­ At a time when Congress and the leave to extend my remarks, I wish to cember 18, 1961. Nation are troubled by budget problems include the legislative program of the we are told that Norman Snead, quar­ National Association of Retired Civil Employees: AREA REDEVELOPMENT ACT terback for the Washington Redskins, has been hired by the Peace Corps to Tile 1963 LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM OF THE NA­ Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, I ask recruit physical education students. He TIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RETIRED CIVIL unanimous consent to address the House will be employed until July 1 at a month­ EMPLOYEES for 1 minute and to revise and extend my ly salary of $1,300, or based on the stand­ Tile civil service retirement system was remarks. ard yearly rate, $15,600 per year. Mr. designed and instituted for the benefit of The SPEAKER. Is there objection Snead will receive $12 per day for meals the people of the United States. By making to the request of the gentleman from it possible for employees past the prime of and hotel bills when traveling, plus life to withdraw from active service, the re­ Pennsylvania? transportation at Government expense. tirement system perinits more frequent in­ There was no objection. I have nothing against the boy, he is jection of new blood into important Govern­ Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, today a fine young man and an excellent foot­ ment agencies. I am introducing an amendment to the ball player. The big question is, Can Tile promise of retirement benefits en­ Area Redevelopment Act which I think Congress permit an agency to employ a ables the Government to attract and retain will go far in unlocking the door that person at consultant wages to do are­ the best qualified persons for its varied ac­ has closed so many times on projects cruiter's job? When an agency wants tivities. Providing the necessities of life to in my district and in those of my more secretaries or assistants, can they previous employees and their dependents colleagues. I am referring to the 10 permits savings in welfare services and ex­ be hired at a high salary and called con­ penditures at Federal, State, and local gov­ percent provision under section 6, which sultants? I am under the impression ernment levels. Extensions and liberaliza­ stipulates that no principal repayments that we have an employment system un­ tions in the retirement system in the · past on local loans can be made until all der civil service and when special person­ have made it even more responsive to the Federal loans are repaid in their entirety. nel are required there is always a sched­ needs of the people as well as to the needs This provision has resulted in almost no ule C appointment. of the beneficiaries. action under section 6(B) because Just who hired Mr. Snead? Mr. Snead Tile National Association of Retired Civil neither the local development group Employees is dedicated to constant improve­ says he sought the job himself, made in­ ments in this retirement system for the bene­ which has funds ~or the average indi­ quiries about the Peace Corps, had lunch fit of all of our people, including our mem­ vidual who subscribes to it is willing to with Wilson McCarthy, discussed money bers, all other beneficiaries of the system, see his money tied up for so long. This and then "had a job." Peace Corps om­ and all citizens who desire a more efficient amendment will permit the local fund to cials say Snead was hired by Richard A. and competent public service. We believe be a revolving development fund rather Graham, associate director for public that there are numerous ways in which ad­ than locking it away for 20 years. ditional improvements could be made in the My amendment will be satisfying to affairs. retirement system, and we present the fol­ all sides. It provides an option in that Peace Corps ofHcials say Snead has "a lowing summary for the careful considera­ it leaves the language in the bill as it big name in the South where he will re­ tion of all who are interested in a more now stands, but adds that the Secretary cruit." Does the Corps plan on hiring perfect system. of Commerce may under precise condi­ three other recruiters at a similar salary 1. GENERAL DISPARITIES tions extend to a good credit risk the to cover the remainder of the Natio"n, or We find numerous instances of disparities opportunity to be repaid its principal are all physical education students now between benefits now received by persons attending southern universities? retired at different times with similar serv­ concurrently with the Federal Govern­ ice and salary records, and under similar cir­ ment. The Federal Government will still "I just don't know how many days will be Peace Corps work and how many will cumstances. For example, annuities starting have top priority in lien security and in 1947, 1952, 1957, and 1962 for persons who shall not be repaid at a lower rate of be for the Redskins," Mr. Snead was retired from the same positions with the amortization. Full protection is thus quoted as saying. My question is, How same amount of creditable service, are now offered to Federal funds with the freeing is the average taxpayer to know when Mr. widely different. Tile present charge for a of unnecessary restrictions on invest­ Snead is recruiting for the Redskins and survivor annuity for persons retired under ment. I urge careful but speedy hearings when is he recruiting for his country? different laws varies from 2¥2 to 25 percent. Is this young man, with two seasons of A more liberal recognition of extra-long of this amendment so that its passage service approved in 1960 has not been ex­ can provide us with an arrow in the pro football behind him, an "expert" in tended to those who retired earlier. A dis­ quiver of measures to stimulate business recruiting over coaches of. lorig stand:. ability annuity "floor" introduced in 1956 is and job opportunities. ing and the Nation's top athletic direc­ not retroactive. We note with encourage­ tors as well? Could not a professional ment that the Committee on Post Office and coach with more experience be borrowed Civil Service in the House of Representatives PEACE CORPS ACTIVITIES from a university? has authorized a study of the operations Mr. WICKERSHAM. Mr. Speaker, I I ask that the House Appropriations of the retirement system with a view to cor­ ask unanimous consent to address the Committee or the Government Opera­ recting such disparities as are found to exist. House for 1 minute and to revise and tions Committee look into this problem. We recommend that the Poot Office and extend my remarks. Civil Service Committees of both the Sen­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection If anyone needs a better salary, it is the ate and House of Representatives proceed to the request of the gentlema-n from average Peace Corps worker, not a pro­ to an early study of all retirement benefits Oklahoma? football player who already earns $20,- available to employees retiring currently, and There was no objection. 000 per year. compare them with related benefits now re­ ceived by persons retired at various periods Mr. WICKERSHAM. Mr. Speaker, I in the past, particularly concerning annu­ have always been a supporter of Peace LEGISLATION TO CORRECT IN­ ities, survivorship provisions and costs, dis­ Corps activities. The Peace Corps was EQUITIES IN CIVIL SERVICE RE­ ability provisions and health benefits, with created to give firsthand aid to countries TffiEMENT SYSTEM a view to developing legislation to correct that desired it. It is made up of the any disparities that are found to exist. highest standard of American youth, Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, I ask Furthermore, we urge prompt action in en­ those that have a sincere desire to give unanimous consent to address the House acting legislation found to be desirable to something to their country, not reap for 1 minute, to revise and extend my correct such disparities. financial reward. Peace Corps volun­ remarks, and to include extraneous matter. 2. SURVIVOR BENEFITS _teers are paid only $75 per month, many Survivor benefits are granted to spouses of them living under conditions which The SPEAKER. Is there objection under the Social Security Retirement System most Americans would find intolerable. to the request of the gentleman from and under the Railroad Retirement System Why then, has a profootball player New York? without any deduction from the annuities who already earns $20,000 per year been There was no objection. of the persons retired. Also, spouses married CIX--104 1634 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 4 after retirement may receive survivor an­ whichever is less, but this recognition is re­ might have a tendency to combine benefits nuities under the social security and rail­ stricted to persons retired since October 1, under the civil service retirement system road retirement systems. These benefits are 1956. with those in the social security retirement not comparable under the civil service re­ We favor extension of this annuity :floor of system. tirement system where the election of a sur­ the annuity which would have been earned 12. VETERAN BENEFTTS vivor annuity can be made only at the time by service to age 60, or 40 percent of the Civil service annuitants who have had of retirement and requires the penalty of a average salary, whichever is less, to an­ military service should have the same op­ reduced annuity. Also the cost of a survivor nuitants retired prior to October 1, 1956. portunity to qualify for pensions and other annuity varies from 2% to 25 percent of the 6. AVAILABILITY OF RETmEMENT FUND veteran benefits as annuitants under any original annuity, depending upon the period other retirement system. We are distressed in which retirement occurred. Furthermore, The retirement fund was established for the purpose of paying benefits under the to learn of a number of cases where the many increases in original annuities are not recent small increases in civil service an­ reflected in survivor annuities, and a recent civil service retirement system, but a pro­ vision in Public Law 85-844, approved Au­ nuities will rob the recipients of greater increase in the percentage of a survivor an­ amounts in veteran pensions. This is not nuity was not made retroactive. As a result gust 28, 1958, forbids the use of this fund for paying any increase in benefits voted there­ the fault of retirement laws, but is a conse­ some surviving spouses under the civil serv­ quence of restrictions in veteran benefit ice retirement system receive as much as 55 after by Congress. This is an unnecessary percent of the annuity of the deceased re­ restriction and should be removed. laws. tiree, while others may receive much less We favor legislation to clarify the fact While we do not plan to sponsor any leg­ than 50 percent of the decedent's annuity at that the retirement fund was established to islation in the field of veteran benefits, we the time of his death. pay retirement benefits and to remove any will be alert to legislative proposals ad­ We recommend legislation providing an restrictions in such use. vanced by others and we Will use every annuity to the surviving spouse of each re­ 7. POSTAL RATE ADVANTAGES reasonable opportunity to present the view­ points of our members and other civil serv­ tiree under the civil service retirement sys­ All labor unions and many other nonprofit ice annuitants concerning such proposals. tem, in the amount of 55 percent of such associations are enjoying preferential bulk retiree's annuity at date of death, without mailing rates under Federal postal laws. Our charge to the original annuity, provided such association headquarters and many of our spouse was married prior to retirement, or, chapters have been denied this privilege. U.S. MUST HAVE PROMPT LEADER­ if after retirement, the marraige had con­ We will continue our efforts to obtain SHIP IN CUBAN SITUATION tinued at least 3 years; and restoring full postal rate priviliges equivalent to those Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speak­ annuities to all retirees who are now receiv­ granted labor unions and other nonprofit ing reduced annuities in order to provide organizations. er, I ask unanimous consent to address survivor annuities; provided further that no the House for 1 minute and to revise exiSting annuity or right to receive an an­ 8. PANAMA CANAL CONSTRUCTION ANNUITIES and extend my remarks. nuity is reduced or impaired. Civilian workers recruited for service in the Panama Canal Zone during the period of The SPEAKER. Is there objection 3. HEALTH BENEFITS the construction of the canal were promised to the request of the gentleman from Health benefits have been provided for that all who remained a full period of 2 years Florida? most annuitants, but cannot be extended would share in the rewards for such service. There was no objection. under existing law to about 12,000 forgotten A generation later, when annuities were Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. widows of former employees who died before awarded on the basis of such service, those Speaker, the demands for U.S. leader­ April 1, 1948, because they did not receive With 2 years but less than 3 years service were their annuities until the approval of Public excluded from the benefits. ship 1n the Cuban situation are mount­ Law 85-465 in 1958. Health benefits have We support the request of Panama Canal ing. Almost daily there are speeches also been denied to persons retired from par­ construction workers that Congress now re­ delivered on the floors of both the House ticular agencies (such as the Tennessee deem the promise to them by granting an­ and Senate calling for another decisive Valley Authority and Farm Credit Adminis­ nuities to 2-year service persons (about 75 step to be taken to hasten Castro's tration) on legal technicalities. survivors) for the remaining portions of their downfall. Congressional offices bulge We recommend legislation to extend bene­ lives. under the deluge of constituents' mail fits under the Retired Federal Employees 9. GROUP LIFE INSURANCE urging additional .positive expressions of Health Benefits Act to all forgotten widows Group life insurance retained after retire­ U.S. leadership in meeting the Commu­ who first received annuities under Public ment is a very important benefit, and should Law 85-465, and to all others receiving an­ not be subject to the present rapid depre­ nist threat in the Caribbean. nuities based on at least 12 years of service ciation in value at the rate of 2 percent per Not only are calls for leadership heard which terminated with an immediate an­ month until only a fourth of the original in the Congress and across the Nation nuity prior to July 1, 1960. amount remains. but Latin America also reverberates with 4. CREDITING LONG SERVICE We will continue to urge legislation to cut vocal impatience over U.S. inaction. Just Since July 12, 1960, employees who con­ the reduction rate of group life insurance to last week, on Thursday,.January 31, the tinued in service and made contributions to 1 percent per month and halt the reduction Chairman of the Council of the Organi­ the retirement fund after they had accumu­ when it has reached 50 percent of the origi­ zation of American States, Dr. Facio of lated enough service to earn the maximum nal value. Costa Rica, delivered a speech in Wash­ annuity, have received credit for such con­ 10. PRICE-FIXING LAWS ington calling for the United States to tributions to purchase additional annuities, Numerous campaigns are underway to en­ thus giving them more than the maximum act legislation to authorize price fixing by take the lead in the inter-American basic annuity. There are many annuitants manufacturers and distributors of food, med­ community. The OAS leader said that who retired before April 1, 1948, with service icine, and other products needed by annui­ the Latin American nations have "but in excess of 35 years who received no credit tants. Sometimes such legislation is dis­ the role of a chorus" in obtaining action for such excess service and contributions. guised as a scheme for the protection of on Cuba. However, citing Latin cooper:­ There are many other annuitants who retired trademarked brands, or as a fair-trade pro­ ation and enthusiasm for the United before July 12, 1960, who received no credit posal, but the real purpose is to enlist the States, Dr. Facio stated: for contributions beyond the time during aid of Federal and State courts in forcing which they earned maximum annuities. retailers to charge us more money for the But a chorus may sing with vigor • • • We favor an amendment to the retirement necessities of life. Our annuity dollars are and offer solidarity in pursuing the success laws to require the recomputation of annui­ too precious to be cheapened by legalizing of the coinmon enterprise. ties of persons retired before July 12, 1960, such price-fixing practices. Mr. Speaker, the time is ripe for a who had rendered service and made contri­ We urge all annuitants to be alert to laws positive act of U.S. leadership. The butions to the fund after completing the proposed in our Congress and in our State legislatures which would enable manufac­ American people are ready. The Or­ service on which their annuities were based, ganization of American States is waiting to bring about annuity increases under a turers and distributors to use our courts to formula of one-half the ratio of such excess enforce higher prices of food, medicine, and to support U.S. initiative. other products necessary for the preserva­ I was gratified to see that Secretary service to the service on which their present tion of life. annuities are based. of State Rusk announced Friday that the 11. SOCIAL SECURITY OAS had under consideration several of 5. DISABILITY ANNUITY FLOOR Many civil service annuitants are also the recommendations I had formerly Disability retirement is a double calamity beneficiaries under the social security retire­ infiicted by loss of employment forced by ment system, and are interested in social made that the United States formally loss of capacity to work. This hardship is security legislation. We will keep alert to propose for adoption. Those recom­ more humanely recognized in Public Law legislative proposals to modify or liberalize mendations now under study are the ban 84-854, by a disability annuity :floor equal to social security benefits. At the same time on the movement of Castro agents the annuity that could be earned by service we Will honor mandates of numerous con­ throughout Latin America, and the to age 60, or 40 percent of the average salary, ventions and oppose any and all efforts that freezing of Cuban Government funds 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1635 now on deposit in Latin American :finan­ JOINT ·RESOLUTION ON CUBA (4) To assist the liberated people of Cuba cial institutions. in achieving representative, constitutional Mr. JOHANSEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask government established through free elec­ I would again like to urge that the unanimous consent to address the House tions; and United States propose the other recom­ for 1 m.inute and to revise and extend my ( 5) To exercise such on-site inspection mendations I called for; namely, that remarks. and supervision as may be required to ac­ the nations of this hemisphere ban relay The SPEAKER. Is there objection complish these purposes. Be it further of telecommunications to and from to the request of the gentleman from Resolved, That the President is hereby au­ Cuba, close the seaports of Latin Amer­ Michigan? thorized and empowered to implement and ica to vessels calling in Cuba, and close execute the policy set forth in this joint There was no objection. resolution. the airports of this hemisphere to air­ Mr. JOHANSEN. Mr. Speaker, I op­ lines engaging in flights to and from posed the joint resolution on Cuba Cuba. adopted by this House last September MRS. CLARE BOOTHE LUCE ANA­ Adoption of these recommendations by 26. I believed it was a trumpet giving LYZES RECENT CUBAN AND the OAS would result in effective solitary an uncertain sound. FRENCH SITUATION confinement of Cuban communism in I believe that events since then have the Americas. Mr. STINSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask fully and tragically confirmed this esti­ unanimous consent to extend my remarks mate. at this point in the RECORD and include SOCIAL SECURITY ACT BENEFITS I unqualifiedly supported the seeming­ an article from the Sunday Star. Mr. MILLIKEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask ly strong stand taken by the President The SPEAKER. Is there objection unanimous consent to address the House October 22. I regret that that strong to the request of the gentleman from for 1 minute and to revise and extend stand was so soon abandoned. Washington? my remarks. Six days later on October 28, I ex­ There was no objection. The SPEAKER. Is there objection pressed the grave concern that our will­ Mr. STINSON. Mr. Speaker, the dis­ to the request of the gentleman from ingness to offer a no-invasion pledge may tinguished former Congresswoman and Pennsylvania? have "only postponed the decisive show­ Ambassador from Connecticut, Mrs. There was no objection. down." I warned that "we may even Clare Boothe Luce, wrote an article on Mr. MILLIKEN. Mr. Speaker, I have have out-Muniched Munich." U.S. foreign policy that appeared in yes­ today reintroduced legislation to Everything that has happened since, terday's Sunday Star. This article pre­ strengthen the adequacy of our Social and the hard-to-come-by disclosures re­ sents an interesting analysis of our re­ Security Act by increasing the opportu­ garding the situation today, confirm this cent actions concerning Cuba and nities that social security beneficiaries warning. France: During the debate on the Cuban reso­ will have for performing work without POINT OF VIEW-DE GAULLE UPHELD ON losing their entitlement to social security lution last September, I said: NUCLEAR STAND benefits. If we believe that what has happened and (By Clare Boothe Luce) Specifically, my bill would change the is happening in Cuba is already far too much, let us forswear the mafiana policy of PHOENIX, ARIZ.-The President was asked retirement test so that instead of begin­ endless postponement, of waiting for still in the last press conference what he thought ning to lose benefits when earnings ex­ direr happenings, and let us call a halt now. of the theory put forward in Europe that the ceed $1,200 a year, as is the case under If it is in fact our determination to launch outcome of the CUban crisis was linked in present law, my bill would provide that a the sequence of successive actions to end this General de Gaulle's mind with his determina­ person could earn up to $1,800 per year (Soviet) incursion, to free Cuba from its tion to have his own nuclear deterrent force, without loss of benefits. In addition, thralldom, to make secure our shores and because Cuba showed that the United States the legislative proposal I have spon­ hemisphere-let us empower and command would not defend Europe. such actions. The President replied that this charge had sored would provide that an individual indeed been directly made, and he indicated would not lose benefits for any month I believe this injunction is far more that some Europeans had deduced from the in which he had earnings of less than imperative today than it was on Septem­ fact that the naval blockade had ended with $150. As a final feature of my bill for ber 26, 1962. Moscow in unchallenged control of Cuba, earnings over $1,800 up· to $2,400, bene­ I believe such a commitment is more that "since the Soviet developed their own ficiaries would only lose 50 cents of bene­ nuclear capacity there is a balance between imperative now than then from the (the U.S.A. and the U.S.S.R.) and neither fits for every $1 of earnings. standpoint of national and hemisphere would use it, and therefore Europe cannot Mr. Speaker, this meritorious liberal­ security. rely on the United States." This he called ization of our Social Security Act is in I believe that an expression of deter­ "peculiar logic." my judgment in realistic conformity mination on this score reflects more But after Cuba not only some, in some with the facts of p-resent-day living. Our faithfully the overwhelming sentiment of parts of Europe but also many in many parts senior citizens are not for the most part the American people now than it did of America, and in Latin America, no longer interested in completely severing their believe in U.S. commitment to defend other then. countries from communism, if to do so ties with gainful occupations just be­ Accordingly, I have today introduced should mean to initiate a nuclear war with cause they have reached age 65. Many the following House joint resolution Soviet Russia. of them would like an opportunity to "expressing the determination of · the And, the President's remarks notwith­ continue working on a reduced basis dur­ United States with respect to the situa­ standing, there is much recent evidence that ing their late sixties. This bill would tion in Cuba" and authorizing action by Mr. Khrushchev himself is now thoroughly help accomplish that objective of a phas­ the President: convinced that once the 400,000 American ing out process between full employment troops in Germany are withdrawn, America's H.J. Res. 229 and full retirement. It is estimated that nuclear commitment will then extend no far­ upwards of one-half a million benefic!-_ Joint resolution expressing the determina­ ther than its own coastline. tion of the United States with respect to KHRUSHCHEV ASSUMES ROLE aries would be helped by the change I the situation in Cuba have proposed in my bill. If memory serves, after the disastrous Bay While I realize that enactment of the Resolved by the House of Representatives of Pigs invasion, Mr. Kennedy repeatedly and Senate of the United States of America warned Mr. Khrushchev that communism in legislation might cause the Government in Congress assembled, That the United this hemisphere was "not negotiable." Mr. to lose some revenue, I feel that this is States is determined to take, jointly with Khrushchev, strongly suspecting that this the opportune time to bring it to the at­ other free nations or unilaterally, such po­ warning was merely for U.S. domestic politi­ tention of the Committee on Ways and litical, diplomatic, economic, and military cal consumption, boldly seized the opportu­ Means so that they may take it into con­ action as may be necessary: nity to put it to the acid test: Fully aware sideration when writing a final tax bill (1) To secure removal, and thereafter to that he would be detected in the end, he in line with the administration's tax bar, from Cuba, all Soviet or other foreign sneaked nuclear weapons into Cuba, and proposals. It is my understanding that Communist military forces, both personnel zeroed them in on the White House. and equipment; When the President found this out, quite a the administration wants to accomplish (2) To liberate Cuba from its present lollS while after Cuban intelligence sources the greatest good for the greatest num­ Marxist-Leninist regime; had told him it was happening, his reaction ber of people, and I feel that passage of (3) To neutralize Cuba as a base for Com­ was immediate. He called out the Navy, my bill is most important to a great munist subversion, infiltration, sabotage, and which called Mr. Khrushchev's brilliantly number of our citizens. aggression in the Western Hemisphere; and carefully calculated bluff. 1636 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 4- This was probably precisely what Mr. out of the grand alliance if the United States General de Gaulle has made the only Khrushchev intended. Mr. Khrushchev had ~nvaded Cuba? Was he begging us to throw choice a patriotic Frenchman could possibly long been in the position of having to lose the whole business into the U.N.? Was he make. Like the rational Frenchman he is, his face in order to save it. He wanted to reminding us that the French :feel that the he chooses to build up his own nuclear estab­ lose his ugly nuclear mug-the face of the United States let France down in Indochina, lishment. He . knows that the day U.S. nuclear· aggressor. He was anxious to show Algeria, and Suez, so France couldn't be ex­ troops are pulled out of Germany, France the world that he was not the man to start pected to sympathize with our troubles about will be unable to defend itself without its a nuclear war against anybOdy over a third Cuba? Was he advising President Kennedy own nuclear force. country, and he certainly wanted to have it to make a deal with Khrushchev about Cuba In his youth, President Kennedy wrote a made plain that Mr. Kennedy wasn't the fast, because if the United States invaded book called "While England Slept." . It de­ man either. A solid basis for negotiations Cuba Khrushchev might retaliate by striking scribed how England, in 1939, was caught of all kinds, and popular fronts of all kinds, at West Berlin and thus trigger world war militarily napping by the Germans, and its could be built on the foundations of a III? very sound thesis was that no nation can United States of America-U.S.S.R. nuclear He was not. The general was offering to afford to wait until it is attacked to prepare peace pact. fight by the side of the United States if we its own defenses, and that above all, it can­ One can only imagine Mr. Khrushchev's felt our vital interests required us to kick not rely on the military or economic strength, satisfaction when his theory vis-a-vis the Castro and Khrushchev both out of Cuba. even of its allies, to save -it from destruction. United States of America mllitary position And by this very fact he was pledging France Charles de Gaulle has paid the author of was proven correct. But he could hardly to take all the nuclear risks we felt we "While England Slept" the compliment of have been prepared for the next surprise. might be incurring. taking his advice. He does not intend to be No sooner had he agreed to remove all the The President, in his recent press confer­ caught napping, if at some future date the nuclear hardware U.S. air surveillance had ence, acknowledged that General de Gaulle United States, in order to prevent a world spotted, then Mr. Kennedy at once referred "responded when we were in difficulty in holocaust, and its own destruction, yanks to him as a "great statesman" and, to show Cuba." "But," he added, with some extraor­ its nuclear umbrella away from Europe. that there needn't be any hard feelings over dinarily peculiar logic of his own, "I would It is hard to see what is Napoleonic about the little episOde, gave him Cuba. hope that our confidence in him would be a Frenchman's desire to protect France, or KHRUSHCHEV REPEATS THREAT matched by his confidence in us." why the desire to remove France from the Mr. Khrushchev did not naturally bother FRANCE GAINS STRENGTH category of a "limited war" area should be to return the President's compliment. He This whole sentence must have been a considered a folie de grandeur. What is realized, of course, that it had been made to typographical error. much more a folie .de grandeur is the desire gentle him. (Mr. Khrushchev is as easy to The President had just admitted a period of the United States to keep Europe a U.S. gentle as a king cobra.) A few weeks later back, that when we were in difficulties Presi­ nuclear colonial area and to keep Great at the East Berlin World Communist Con­ dent de Gaulle had shown the ultimate in Britain, France, and Germany forever in the gress Mr. Khrushchev was bragging to the confidence by his willingness to risk nuclear U.S. nuclear nursery. world that his missile play in Cuba had war if risk there was, by the side of America. achieved its real objective, to scare Mr. Ken­ What the President really meant to say, nedy into giving up Cuba. After accepting of course, was that whereas President de PRESIDENT CONTRADICTS HIM­ the thundrous applause of the 2,500 Commu­ Gaulle had shown confidence in us at the SELF AGAIN nist Party delegates present from 70 nations, time of the naval blockade, the final U.S. Mr. Khrushchev vowed all over again to political capitulation to Khrushchev and Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ "bury us," this time with his 100-megaton Castro had diminished that confidence, and mous consent to address the House for bombs, but only if we were ever so rash as that the President hoped that somehow it 1 minute and to revise and extend my to initiate a nuclear attack on him. could be restored. · remarks. Ever since Cuba, Mr. Khrushchev has The hope is an idle one. The fault is The SPEAKER. Is there objection worked hard on his new image. Each pass­ by no means entirely the President's. France to the request of the gentleman from ing day he sounds more and more like John has grown economically strong enough to Foster Dulles: He will never launch missiles stand on her own legs. It would follow na­ Missouri? at the United States of America, or Europe, turally, in any case, that she should desire There was no objection. but he will, if attacked, produce "massive sooner or later to stand on her own legs mili­ Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, I did not retaliation." tarily. The significance of the two Kennedy suspect when I addressed the House at The fact is that Mr. Khrushchev had long backdowns over Cuba is that what was a de­ our last session that there would be to..;. ago opted for nuclear peace with the United sire now seems, or at least to General de day yet another chapter to be presented States of America. Since Cuba, he knows Gaulle, to be an urgent necessity for France's in the tale of "Jack in Wonderland." that the United States has also opted for own survival. But there is, and it concerns the food nuclear peace with Soviet Russia. There is The character of the U.S. nuclear commit­ today an undeclared nuclear peace pact be­ ment made in 1946 changed in the fifties stamp program of the Department of tween the U.S.S.R. and the United States for when Russia became itself a nuclear power. Agriculture. the simple reason that the initiation of nu­ Today, as in 1946, that commitment is to This is an episode that would be ap­ clear war is not to the best interests of launch a nuclear attack on Soviet Russia if preciated by Tweedledum and Tweedle­ either. she moves against Germany. But in 1963 dee. Indeed, the President sounds like The U.S. press, following the President's the same commitment means a willingness those fantasy twins when he talks to lead, is currently taking a benign view of to destroy the United States for the sake of Congress and the Nation. Mr. Khrushchev's new nuclear posture. Be­ Europe. When the matter is put in this I point out that in his budget message sides, it feels so good since he stopped poking blunt fashion, how many Americans are for his Cuban missiles into our solar·plexis. The it? the Pr66ident told us that the food stamp vials of their wrath have been saved up for Khrushchev took the full measure of program should be continued in fiscal Gen. Charles de Gaulle, who has had the President Kennedy and U.S. public opinion 1964 "at the same level as in 1963." And gall to say, since Cuba, that he thinks France in the Cuban crisis. So did Charles de yet, when we last gathered in this Cham­ would now certainly be more safe under its Gaulle. His conclusion: If the war chips ber, the same President told us that the own nuclear umbrella than under America's. should ever go down in Europe, the United food stamp program should be "progres­ DE GAULLE BACKED UNITED STATES States will not initiate nuclear war on Russia sively expanded." until Russia wages nuclear war on America, Because of this, General de Gaulle's and vice versa. The effect of this undeclared It appears that the President's right "image" is being rapidly worked over, with nuclear pact is to subtract both U.S. and hand does· not know, or does not care, the enthusiastic help of the American left, U.S.S.R. nuclear forces from the European what the left hand is doing. I have writ­ to resemble a half-mad Napoleon, or an military equation. ten the President and asked him to ex­ Abominable No-man. It is even being sug­ BORROWS KENNEDY BOOK plain this bit of new frontiersmanship to gested that Gener~l de Gaulle wishes France to become a nuclear power in order to make Europe is today, without its own nuclear me. a deal over Germany with Russia. This is force, a "limited war" area. Consequently the His budget message contradicts his to suggest that France desires to have Russia outcome of any European con:flict would then farm message and none of his secondary on her own borders, instead of Germany's, be decided by Russia's 125 divisions and messages has agreed with the spirit of which is, of course, preposterous. If either NATO's 23, or a negotiation. Militarily, his state of the Union address. France or Germany :falls to the Reds, all Europe is .Germany and France. Their All of his contradictions have been in Europe falls with them, and every European choice today is as plain as the nose on Gen­ knows it. eral de Gaulle's face. It is to get their own the direction of increased Federal ex_; It is interesting to inquire what General nuclear umbrella, or to trust the United penditures and added Federal control. de Gaulle was doing the first tense hours of States, if they are attacked by Russian con­ He leaves the Congress and the American the U.S. naval blockade, while Soviet missiles ventional weapons, to launch her missiles at taxpayer no reason to believe his figure were being leveled by Russian troops on Russia, knowing that she would get Russia's of a $99 billion budget with a $12 billion American cities. Was he threatening to pull 100-ton megaton bombs right back. debt increase. Will he come here tomor- 1963 C0NGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1637 row and tell us he really means a $125 way-user taxes go for construction of this southwestern portion of Utah has billion budget and a $40 billion debt interstate mileage all across the country. a salubrious climate and the Mormon hike? As a practical matter New York State pioneers actually grew cotton there in This House knows well that I have been has lost nearly half of its interstate allo­ the early years of our State's history. concerned also about the administration cation and ·the 90 to 10 Federal-State The St. George Chamber of Commerce­ of the food stamp plan. cost sharing ratio has been almost com­ St. George being the county seat-­ I pointed out to the House last year pletely reversed for the interstate mile­ boasts with considerable justification that the pilot program of the food stamp age presently existing in New York. that this is "where the summer sun plan was extended to 26 congressional There is no reason why such a penalty spends the winter." districts, 25 of them represented by should be placed on initiative and The primary purpose of the Dixie Democrats. Democratic districts which progress. project is to provide water to land not do not fall into the category of depressed The Congress indicated in the 1956 now under irrigation; supplemental areas, one of the alleged guidelines for act that it would consider at some future water to other land, and water for do-_ the program, were selected for participa­ time whether or not the States should mestic purposes. There are many other tion while areas of substantial and per­ be reimbursed for previously constructed benefits to be derived from this project, sistent unemployment represented by toll and free portions of interstate routes. such as flood and drought control, drain­ Republicans were ignored, including the Many of you will recall that the House age of land with an excessive collection most depressed area in the Nation at Public Works Committee and the House of surplus water, furnishing electrical Johnstown, Pa. · itself adopted language in 1956 declar­ energy, fisheries, and wildlife benefits, I also have asked the President to in­ ing it to be the definite intent of the together with unlimited recreational op­ form me of the steps he has taken to re­ Congress that the States should be reim­ portunities. When completed this proj­ form this administrative mess which bursed for this construction. This was ect will literally make the desert blos­ operates as a slush fund for the Demo­ not acceptable to the Senate and the som as the rose in Washington County. crat Party. final version of the 1956 act merely indi­ These many benefits are not simply But I still cannot get over the novelty cated a willingness to look into the mat­ limited to the State of Utah and the of an administration which thinks it can ter at some future date. people of that State. The entire Nation expand something and at the same time Mr. Speaker, I am introducing legis­ will receive many direct and indirect ad­ maintain it at the same level. I suspect lation today declaring it to be the intent vantages from this project. that the next thing we hear about will and policy of Congress to equitably reim­ The project has engineering feasibil­ be the expansion of the food stamp plan burse the States for these costs. It will ity, the cost benefit ratio is better than to include the Mad Hatter's tea party. place the Congress on record as endors­ 2 to 1, and the reimbursable costs can be ing the principle of reimbursement. It repaid to the Federal Government within specifies that the Congress will establish the 65th project year, with interest. INTERSTATE HIGHWAY the time, method, amount, conditions, I am proud today to announce to the REIMBURSEMENT and financing of the reimbursement so House that I have introduced a bill au­ Mr. RIEHLMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask that it will be made as soon as possible thorizing the Dixie project. It is my unanimous consent to address the House after substantial completion of construc­ sincere wish that it will be this Congress for 1 minute and to revise and extend tion of the Interstate System. As you that demonstrates its wisdom, as well as my remarks. know, the target date for completion is its faith in the future of our great west­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection now 1972. ern country, by authorizing the Dixie to the request of the gentleman from I do not believe this is too much to ask. project. New York? It places no additional burden on the in­ terstate program at present. It merely There was no objection. COMMUNIST MILITARY THREAT Mr. RIEHLMAN. Mr. Speaker, for a declares the definite intent of Congress number of years I have battled ·along to pursue a course that is just and fair Mr. SELDEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask side many of my colleagues from New at a reasonably certain future date, con­ unanimous consent to extend my remarks York for the principle of reimbursement sistent with existing plans for comple­ at this point in the RECORD. under the interstate highway program. tion of the interstate network. The SPEAKER. Is there objection Our efforts have yet to be crowned with Because of some favorable expressions to the request of the gentleman from success but I am confident that, our of interest on the part of several mem­ Alabama? cause being eminently just and our will bers of the Public Works Committee dur­ There was no objection. unflagging, reimbursement will one day ing debate on the Federal Aid Highway Mr. SELDEN. Mr. Speaker, when a become a reality. Act of 1962, I ain hopeful that that com­ little over 3 months ago President Ken­ The people of New York State have mittee will give the matter of equitable nedy drew the line on Soviet encroach­ constructed, at their own expense, 490 reimbursement the serious attention it ment in our hemisphere, his action was miles of superhighway that was included deserves during the 88th Congress. hailed as a historic turning point in in the Interstate System. They exer­ the cold war. America's friends through­ cised initiative and foresight in proceed­ DIXIE PROJECT, WASHINGTON out the world were heartened by our ing to build this mileage for inclusion in firm resolve at a time of supreme crisis. the Interstate System at a time when COUNTY, UTAH OUr own people gained new confidence there was a recognized need for such a Mr. BURTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask in the course of our Nation and the fu­ system but no money forthcoming from unanimous consent to extend my remarks ture of freedom everywhere. the Federal Government to build it. at this point in the RECORD. The cold winds of the new year have New York was not alone. Many other The SPEAKER. Is there objection had a sobering effect, however. Evi­ States followed this same course and to the request of the gentleman from dence mounts that the Communist mili­ have a similar interest in equitable re­ Utah? tary threat to the hemisphere, far from imbursement. There was no objection. being eliminated, is being bolstered. The people of New York, and of other Mr. BURTON. Mr. Speaker, upon Last week, Secretary Rusk himself ex­ States entitled to reimbursement, should coming to Washington, I promised the pressed concern over the continued en­ not be required to bear the expense of people of my congressional district that campment of Soviet military personnel this interstate construction from their the first piece of legislation that I spon­ in Cuba. own pockets when it is clearly a Federal sored would be for the construction, op­ These reports have a familiar and responsibility to pay 90 percent of the eration, and maintenance of the Dixie ominous ring. The American people, cost of every mile along the Interstate project in Washington County, Utah. I who stood solidly behind the President System. I ask why New York taxpayers have felt for some time that this project in his hour of decision last October, can should have to bear the expense of con­ is of such significance and importance only be confused and increasingly structing a considerable portion of their that it was deserving of this priority. alarmed at more recent Cuban develop­ own interstate mileage without help from Lest the project's name-Dixie-arouse ments. the highway trust fund and at the same the curiosity of gentlemen from below In October, our people recognized that time have their gasoline and other high- the Mason-Dixon line, let me say that the risk was great, but they had faith in 1638 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE February 4 the President's assessment that the with children in college,· and, second, tax bill, given a substantial increase in Fed­ stakes involved were vital to our se­ credit for homeowners for thai portion of eral income tax deductions for each de­ curity. Now a little more than 3 months their real property tax which is used for pendent attending college or junior col­ later, they may well ask why this is­ the maintenance, operation, and con­ lege. sue of Soviet military intervention in struction of public elementary and sec­ My bill as it concerns college educa­ the Western Hemisphere was not con­ ondary schools. tion contains these major provisions: clusively settled. There have been in recent years many First. The taxpayer will be granted an In short, why are we still menaced by bills dealing with what we are told is the additional deduction from his taxable in­ a Soviet military establishment in CUba? immediate need for Federal aid to educa­ come for the expenses incurred by him, Was the President's October require­ tion. In the bill I introduce today I seek his spouse, or his dependents, while any ment for on-site inspection of Soviet Cu­ not Federal aid to education, not the of these is attending a college or junior ban missile installations ever met? No. massive expenditure of Federal funds, college. Instead we are relying on evidence sup­ which a nation in debt cannot afford, not Second. Expenses covered will include plied by constant aerial surveillance, not Federal usurpation of local responsibil­ tuition and fees charged by the college, to mention Nikita Khrushchev's word, ity, and certainly not Federal control of books, supplies, equipment, and room and that so-called offensive missiles have education. board. The amount the taxpayer may been removed. This bill deals with a different concept, deduct would be the actual amount of But in a nuclear age, major risks the proper role of the Federal Govern­ college expenses, not to exceed $2,000 should not be taken for minor stakes. ment with respect to education at all for each dependent attending college. In October this Nation faced up to the levels, elementary, secondary, and col­ Third. The deduction is available to a ultimate risk. Surely, we did not risk lege. taxpayer whose dependent is attending war only to gain the right of aerial sur­ That proper role of our National a college, university, junior college, or veillance over Castro's Cuba. Surveil­ Government must be the role of helping other institution of higher learning such lance, after all, is no substitute for policy our people to help themselves without as medical school, dental school, law in meeting the threat of a military force direct intervention or control of the school, or any other graduate school. 90 miles from our shores. Federal Government. The proper role Let us now tum to the problem of Nor can the American people find com­ must consider not statistical pipedreams, precollege education: fort in the repeated assurances that So­ but the actual need which exists in the The measure which I propose here to­ viet military buildup reports from CUba country today for expanding and aug­ day will, if adopted or if incorporated in are unfounded. These denials also have menting educational facilities. By ac­ an overall tax revision, make all the al­ an ominously familiar ring, as do re­ tual need I mean that need not already ternative plans for Federal aid to edu­ assurances that no offensive weapons are being met by the traditional local means. cation now -under serious consideration being added to Castro's island arsenal. My colleagues, that proper role is to irrevelant and unnecessary. But the continuing threat to our use Federal law to place at the disposal The plan is simple, elemental, and hemisphere finds its roots not in the type of the people and of the local districts constitutional. or degree of weaponry furnished the and of the States the financial means to My bill will provide the means for Castro regime by its Soviet masters. handle the school needs that exist or solving current problems and future The threat lies in the very existence of a may arise. problems which actually exist in the Soviet island base in the heart of the There is nothing strange about this fields of elementary and secondary edu­ Americas. No amount of aerial surveil­ proper role of the Federal Government. cation. The basic problem is financial. lance can protect our hemispheric and It simply is the role of letting the people If State and local governments in some national security against the subversive decide, in their own communities where parts of the Nation are unable to keep threat posed by this alien force. Until that decision best can be made, just what pace with their school needs, and re­ we face up to this threat, once and for their educational system needs are. The cent statistics point out that most. local all, the energy and resources of this Na­ decision having been made the proper school districts are holding their own tion will be further drained by the con­ role of the Federal Government is to rather nicely even in spite of national tinuing crisis in Cuba. equip the people to handle their needs and State "prevailing wage" laws, it is For the Cuban crisis did not end in through their local school boards, with­ because Federal taxing power has pre­ 1962. It continues as a result of our out direction and control from the empted State and local sources of rev­ apparent failure to finish the job we Washington bureaucracy. enue. boldly undertook. And the disquieting Providing an education for their Hence, the proper solution to this but persistent thought lingers that al­ children traditionally is the concern and problem is for the Federal Government though we had seized the initiative in the responsibility of the American fam­ to restore to local authorities a portion 1962, in 1963 we are again allowing it to ily, not of the Federal Government. of the tax resources previously taken slip from our grasp. The vast accumulation of private sav­ away. Considering the stakes involved, suffi­ ings for use in educating children bears This is precisely what my measure will cient to risk a nuclear war only 3 months witness that Americans believe in this do. Here are the major provisions: ago, the American people have a right to principle. First. The taxpayer would continue to know the reason for this seeming weak­ Besides, most of us here can recall that deduct the amount of his real property ening in the President's October 22 posi­ back in the 1950's many educators were tax from his gross taxable income. After tion. Fidel Castro remains the un­ direly predicting a shortage of 400,000 he determines what his tax would be, he finished business of the hemisphere. classrooms by 1960. Yet when 1960 rolled then credits against his final tax that The question is: Why? around that shortage, by the educators• amount of his real property tax which is own best statistics, was less than 40,000~ used for the maintenance, operation, and and the local communities under the construction of public elementary and TAX INCENTIVES TO PROMOTE leadership of local boards of education secondary schools. EDUCATION were building rapidly to eliminate even Second. The tax credit would be the Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ that small gap. amount actually paid by the taxpayer, mous consent to extend my remarks at Now, let us first consider the problems not to exceed $100. this point in the RECORD. of college education: Third. The taxpayer who takes a The SPEAKER. Is there objection A Federal program to aid our children standard or short-form deduction also to the request of the gentleman from in attaining a college education should would benefit since the credit is taken Missouri? be directed at helping parents do the against the final tax after all exemptions There was no objection. job. It should avoid outright Federal and deductions have been made. Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, I come be­ grants with an accompanying expansion Education experts now estimate that fore the House today to introduce a bill of Federal bureaucracy, Federal supervi­ the average annual school tax payment which sets forth a program that deals sion and Federal control. by the some 40 million American prop­ with education and with taxes. I, therefore, propose a program of tax ·erty owners is about $200 each. Allowing Briefly, my bill consists of two major relief for families with children in col­ for the· standard income tax percentage provisions: First tax relief for families lege. Such families will be, under my ·deduction, and adding the up to $100 tax 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1639 credit for property owners, it is estimated grants. In the past decade alone more lacking in the determination, desire, or that between $3 Y:z billion and $4 billion than 500,000 classrooms have been built. intent to rid this hemisphere of Castro would be made available to local govern­ And, based on the sale of school bonds and communism in Cuba and the threat ments as an increased tax base. for the past several years, there is every that it poses to the United States as well Experts tell me that amount, if the reason to believe this high rate will as the Latin American countries. local districts choose to use it, would be continue. With these facts indisputably estab­ enough to end all financial problems of Last year alone, 72,000 classrooms were lished, I believe it is imperative that the American elementary and secondary built. That is the highest total ever in 1 Congress of the United States take schools. year. action immediately because the situa­ It should be clearly understood that This increase in schoolroom construc­ tion is far more dangerous today than this tax credit would go to every Ameri­ tion is all the more dramatic in view of it was when the limited Cuban resolu­ can property owner who pays school the fact that it h.as been accomplished tion was passed on September 26, 1962. taxes, regardless of the taxpayer's race, in spite of this administration's lack of It is obvious that the so-called quaran­ religion or economic status. support and encouragement for local tine against offensive weapons of Oc­ There are many concrete advantages solutions. tober 1962, and the negotiations that to this approach to helping elementary Mr. Speaker, I submit that it is time have taken place since then, mostly and secondary schools. Here are a few for this administration to admit that the secret in nature, have emboldened the of those advantages: people do not want and certainly do not Communists even to the extent that The tax benefits provided would go need massive direct Federal grants to Khrushchev at the Supreme Soviet re­ directly to some 40 million taxpayers. education. cently stated as Communist policy and There would be no danger of Federal I submit that it is time for the Con­ intention: control. gress to note with pride the enterprise Socialist CUba exists. Cuba remains a There would be no expanding Federal with which Americans are meeting the beacon of Marxist-Leninist ideas in the bureaucracy. education problem on the local and Western Hemisphere. The impact of her Every dollar of tax money thus made State level. revolutionary example wm grow. The Gov­ I submit that it is time for this Con­ ernment of the United States has given a· available would buy a full dollar's worth pledge not to invade Cuba. of school aid if the local community de­ gress to assist those Americans by re­ cided to expand expenditures for educa­ leasing from Federal usurpation the tax I have introduced a resolution today tion. And the local community knows base Americans need to continue this calling for restatement and full imple­ its needs better than any Washington heartening school progress. mentation of the Monroe Doctrine, a bureaucrat can. · Americans have proved that they clearcut repudiation of the Khrushchev In closing, Mr. Speaker, let me briefly know how to manage their money. doctrine with which the Communists are place in proper perspective the current Let us give them their money back. trying to supplant the Monroe Doctrine. situation regarding the apparent needs I recall the efforts of the Republicans, of America's schools. myself included, on September 26, 1962, HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION 227 EX­ to amend the limited Cuban resolution During the past 2 years we have seen PRESSING THE DETERMINATION as proposed by the administration to dozens of desperate attempts by the ad­ OF THE UNITED STATES WITH ministration to enact some form of direct clearly restate the Monroe Doctrine and Federal financial aid to ed\lcation on a RESPECT TO THE SITUATION IN to make certain that it is stated as the compulsory basis. None ·of these at­ CUBA, TO RESTATE AND IMPLE­ policy of the United States to oppose the tempts has succeeded. MENT THE MONROE DOCTRINE, attempt on the part of European powers: TO ENCOURAGE ADHERENCE TO To extend their system to any portion of · I am convinced that the principal rea­ this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace son the administration has been unsuc­ THE PRINCIPLES OF SELF-DETER­ and safety. cessful with its compulsory aid plan is MINATION AND HUMAN FREEDOM, the action of the citizens of this Nation, AND CALL FOR COMPLETE INVES­ This means that the Monroe Doctrine who have year after year taxed them­ TIGATION BY CONGRESS applies to the arming and communizing selves in ever increasing amounts to of Cuba itself, as well as the threat of maintain the finest system of public edu­ Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, I ask exporting that communism to other cation in the world. unanimous consent to address the House countries or the threatening of the Our people are aware that they·are now for 1 minute and to revise and extend United States with conveniently defined doing and have been doing for years that my remarks. ''defensive weapons." which the administration now tells them The SPEAKER. Is there objection My resolution brings into focus the can only be done by Federal grants-in­ to the request of the gentleman from clear and present danger the massive aid. Local and State hard work, perse­ Florida? Communist military and espionage verance and initiative have all but wiped There was no objection. buildup in Cuba poses to the United out inadequacies in classroom space and Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, it is States, to Latin American nations, and in teachers' salaries. amply evident that the Communists are to the objectives of self-determination It is now estimated that the Nation's in fact implementing the Khrushchev and individual freedom. · It calls upon colleges will have an enrollment capacity doctrine as a replacement for the Monroe the United States, bilaterally or unilat­ of some 5.4 million students in 1965 as Doctrine in the Western Hemisphere­ erally, to take whatever steps are nec­ compared to expected enrollment of 5.2 witness the continuing and alarming essary to rid the hemisphere of this million. By 1970 the figures will be some arms buildup in Cuba-the maintaining threat. 7.1 million capacity compared to a 6.8 of tens of thousands of Russian military, I am asking for immediate considera­ million enrollment. State programs advisory, and technical personnel in tion of this and other resolutions on have achieved this positive balance and Cuba-the building of a number of so­ this subject matter and, in the con­ can continue to do so if tax sources are called fishing ports with depths and sideration of these, for the proper con­ left available to the States. dockage services capable of servicing and gressional committees to make a full State legislatures across the country harboring Russian submarines and the study and thorough investigation into appropriated $1.8 billion in State tax installation of electronic counterequip­ the Cuban situation-commitments and funds for higher education in the 1962- ment capable of jamming or tracking negotiations that have taken place, pres­ 63 period. That represents a gain of missiles launched from Cape Canaveral. ent military and espionage capability 24.5 percent over the 2 years. How can It is further evident that Castro is buildup, aid and assistance given Castro the administration claim that the States bent on using this massive military and by Russia and Red China, the real pur­ are refusing to meet the education obli­ espionage capability to keep the Cuban pose of the increase in merchant ship gation? freedom-loving people in slavery; and, traffic, the construction of a powerful On the secondary and elementary as late as January 16, bragged of his in­ radio transmitter station in the eastern school level we have, since the end of tention to incite the masses to battle in portion of Havana Province which al­ World War II, witnessed the greatest Latin America. lows the Soviet military command in school building program ever conducted It is obvious, due to its inaction and in­ Cuba to maintain direct communication by this Nation, all without Federal decision, that the U.S. Governmen~ is with the Reds in Russia and China, the 1640 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 4 weekly nonstop Moscow to Havana TU- nism is openly and notoriously armil:~g CUba activated. Our scientists went on to other with massive modern weapons, tens of pursuits. When the Soviet Union l-ater re­ 114, 220-passenger~ turboprop 1Ughts, the thousands of Russian troops, technicians sumed its testing, we were caught totally twice-monthly service to Cuba of :three and advisers, electronic missile jamming and unprepared, and 'the Soviets went a long large and 'Substantial cargo carrying tracking devices and "fishing" ports capable way toward closing the nuclear gap. This passenger liners, and the stepped-up of accommodating Russian missiles, all of must never happen again. nonmilitary support of Castro by the which constitutes a military capability of There Is little evidence to indicate that Communists. such proportions that it is offensive in the Communists are interested in true dis­ Congress and the American people nature and design: Now, therefore, be it armament; there is certainly no evidence to should be fully informed and our free­ Resolved by the Senate and House of Rep­ show any Communist support for the con­ doms should be adequately protected, resentatives of the .United States of America cept of controlled, verifiable disarmament. in Congress assembled~ Nevertheless, the Soviet representative which can only be accomplished with SECTION 1. That the United States is deter­ clamors for "general and complete disar­ complete disclosure of the facts and the mined- mament" in the United Nations and at Ge­ full implementation of the Monroe Doc­ (a) to prevent by whatever means may be neva. Given the well-known nature of trine as the objective of the U.S. Gov­ necessary, including the use of arms, the communism and the pattern of Communist ernment. international Communist movement operat­ activities since World War I, it is logical to The full text of my resolution follows: ing through the Marxist-Leninist regime in assume that their probable aim in the field Cuba from enslaving the people of Cuba and of disarmament is to support a specific, H.J. RES. 227 threatening the security of the Western clear-cut political objective. Stated in Joint resolution expressing the determination Hemisphere, and from extending, by force simplest terms, it is to increase the power of the United States with respect to the or the threat of force, its aggressive or sub­ of the Soviet Union in relationship to that situation in Cuba, to restate and imple­ versive activities to any part of this of the United States. ment the Monroe Doctrine, and to encour­ hemisphere; Within this general context we must ex­ age adherence to the principles of sel:f­ (b) to prevent in Cuba the creation or amine Khrushchev's probable purpose in his determinatlon and human freedom use of an externally supported military latest nuclear test-ban proposal. If a treaty Whereas, President James Monroe, an- capability enslaving the freedom-loving peo­ is signed, there are three possible dangers to nouncing the Monroe Doctrine in 1823, de­ ple of Cuba and endangering the security of United States security. These are: (1) that clared that the United States would consider the United States; and a test ban would be a first step toward the any attempt on the part of European powers (c) to work with the- Organization of inhibition or crippling of the U.S. ability to "to extend their system to any portion of ~erican States and with freedom-loving use nuclear weapons, if need be,ln defense of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace Cubans to support the aspirations of the the West; (2) that, failing this, the Soviet and safety"; and Cuban people for self-determination. could prepare to test, once again, in secrecy, Whereas in the Rio Treaty of 1947 the par­ SEc. 2. That the Co-ngress of the United thus stealing another technological march ties agreed that "an armed attack by any States urges the President, in accordance on the United States; and (3) that the terms State against an American State shall be with existing law, to take, and supports him of the treaty wlll allow the Soviet to cheat considered as an attack against all the Amer­ in taking, jointly with other free nations on underground testing without discovery. ican States, and, consequently, each one of or unilaterally, such political, diplomatic, As to the first point, it is obvious that the said contracting parties undertakes to economic, or military action as may be Communists consider a cessation of nuclear assist in meeting the attack in the exercise necessary to implement and enforce the testing as but the first step toward an in­ of the inherent right of individual or col- Monroe Doctrine throughout this hemi­ creased campaign to outlaw nuclear weapons 1ective self-defense recognized by article 51 sphere and to continue to encourage adher­ altogether. Khrushchev himself made this of the Charter of the United Nations"; and ence to the principles of self-determination abundantly clear in June 1958, before the Whereas the Foreign Ministers of the Or­ and human freedom. test ban talks had even started. "After the ganization of American States at Punta del termination of nuclear weapons tests," he Este in J"anuary 1962 declared: "The present said, "it would be possible to raise the ques­ Government of Cuba has identified itself TEST BAN VIEWS OF NATIONAL tion of the powers making a solemn under­ with the principles of Marxist-Leninist taking not to use hydrogen and atomic weap­ ideology, has established a political, eco­ STRATEGY COMMITTEE OF THE ons and henceforth to adopt a decision on nomic, and social system based on that doc­ AMERICAN SECURITY COUNCIL the total prohibition of nuclear and thermo­ trine, and accepts military assistance from nuclear weapons." The Soviet plan for gen­ extracontinental Communist powers, includ­ Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, I ask eral disarmament presented at Geneva last ing even the threat of military intervention unanimous consent to extend my remarks April proposed an immediate 100-percent cut in America on the part of the Soviet Union"; at this point in the RECORD. in nuclear delivery vehicles. The Soviets and The SPEAKER. Is there objection know only too well that a complete cessation Whereas the international Communist to the request of the gentleman from of tests will merely serve to shift the pres­ movement has increasingly extended into California? sures of world opinion to the banning of all Cuba its political, economic, and military There was no objection. nuclear weapons and that such a prohibition sphere of influence, despite the fact that would be tantamount to the unilateral dis­ such action is clearly in violation of the Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, as you armament of the West. Monroe Doctrine and the principles of sel:f­ are aware, the Republican conference The abrupt end of the voluntary suspen­ determination and human freedom; and committee on nuclear testing is receiving sion of nuclear testing brought about by the Whereas due to the continuing inaction papers from various experts on the nu­ Soviet in September 1961 illustrates the sec­ and indecision of the United States Govern­ clear testing question. Mr. Frank J. ond danger. While the moratorium lasted, ment and the following offensive weapon Johnson, of the staff of the American it looked fine. However, while the United "quarantine" of Cuba in October 1962, and Security Council, has submitted an anal­ States was observing the moratorium in commenting on the negotiations entered into ysis of the views of the Council's Na­ spirit as well as letter, the Soviet Union was between Khrushchev and the United States, tional Strategy Committee. Members of carefully and secretly doing all the scientific mostly secret in nature, including the aban­ research and preparation for further tests. donment of on-site inspection of offensive the National Strategy Committee are: When they were ready, the moratorium weapons in Cuba, Khrushchev has enunci­ Loyd Wright, Lt. Gen. Edward M. Al­ ended. The result was that the Soviet Un­ ated and is implementing the "Khrushchev mond, Adm. Ben Moreell, Dr. Robert ion gained months of preparation and was doctrine" as a replacement for the "Monroe Morris, Dr. Stefan T. Possony, Adm. able to make more than 40 tests of new weap­ Doctrine" as he restated the Communist Arthur W. Radford, Adm. Felix B. ons before we could get started. There is aims in the Western Hemisphere at the re­ Stump, Dr. Edward Tell, and Adm. nothing in the current proposals to prevent cent Supreme Soviet when he stated: "So­ Chester C. Ward. The analysis does not a repetition of this. Certainly the fact that cialist Cuba exists. Cuba remains a beacon the suspension is formalized by a treaty of Marxist-Leninist ideas in the Western purport to speak for individual members would be no bar to Soviet duplicity. The Hemisphere. The impact of her revolution­ of the committee, but rather is Mr. John­ record of Soviet treaty violations is sufficient ary example will grow. The Government of son's review of the committee's collective proof of this. the United States has given a pledge not to feelings based on numerous studies With regard to the third danger-that the invade Cuba"; and which it has conducted. The analysis is Soviet might successfully cheat on under­ Whereas Castro, on January 16, 1963, an­ as follows: ground testing-much is cuiTently made of nounced his intention to use his externally the alleged Soviet "concession" in Khru­ supported massive military power to con­ AMERICAN SECURITY COUNCIL POSITION ON shchev's willingness to permit up to three tinue the enslavement of the Cuban people THE NUCLEAR TEST-BAN NEGOTIATIONS onsite inspections in the Soviet Union for and to "bring the masses to battle" through (By Frank J. Johnson) all unidentified seismic events. This, how­ revolution in Latin America; and It is now generally agreed that the U.S. ever, is not new. It was offered by Soviet Whereas if the Monroe Doctrine is to be decision to unilaterally end nuclear tests negotiators in Geneva in 1960, and rejected preserved it must be restated and fully en­ in 1958 jeopardized national security. Our by the United States. Our position at that forced at this critical period when commu- test sites deteriorated and finally were de- time was that 20 such inspections would be 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - -HOUSE 1641 necessary in order to provide reasonable as­ , 2': What changes in our abUity to detect but. would minimize any possibility of a long surance that no clandestine underground .and identify nuclear explosions have oc­ Soviet headstart in preparations for testing. testing of nuclear weapons is taking, place. _curred which justify changes in our verifica­ ' (b) Risks resulting from possible cheating: In his letters of December 29, 1962, and tion requirements, including the number of Many important scientific principles in­ January 7, 1963, Khrushchev has done no onsite inspections? volved in nuclear weapons can be studied more than reiterate his earlier willingness Y. A TEST BAN TREATY YS YN OUR NATIONAL with nuclear explosions of less than 3 kilo­ to permit three on-site inspections, plus :INTERESTS tons, including certain of the principles in­ three automatic seismic stations (black volved in developing possible pure fusion boxes) within the U.S.S.R. The United 1. Advantages weapons and in reducing weight-yield ratios. States, on the other hand, has gradually re­ (a) Weapons development: This figure is significant for explosions of duced its demands for on-site inspections . Without a treaty and with continued un­ this size and smaller may not always be de­ from 20 to 8-10, and now seems prepared to limited testing on both sides, there would be tectable. None of the seismic systexns pro­ reduce this even further. The only conces­ ;further increases by both in the efficiency of posed by the United States from 1959 on sions made since 1960 have therefore been weapons at the higher yield end of the scale. would be capable of detecting with any made by the United States. Our advantage in small-weight, high-yield certainty many explosions of 3 kilotons or As a further concession to the Soviets, the weapons would most probably diminish. less if they occurred in alluvium, a common United States has now unilaterally suspended Both sides would enhance their knowledge soil formation similar to gravel. Moreover, its Nevada test shots while the current test­ of weapons effects. In the field of tactical artificial decoupling (i.e., the so-called ban negotiations continue. Such a mis­ weapons, the Soviets would eventually be "big hole" technique), might permit con­ placed gesture can have no effect on the out­ able to xnatch our more diversified and nu­ siderably large yield explosions without de­ come of the discussions, but indicates the air merous arsenal. Overall, the trend would tection. of unreality which permeates Washington be toward equality between the United However, for the weapons developments thinking on the whole subject of disarma­ States and the U.S.S.R. and knowledge of weapons effects which are ment. With a treaty, improvements in yield-to­ of primary concern to us, and which might Since force or the threat of force is indiff­ weight ratios would come more slowly make a substantial change in the m111tary pensable to the triumph of communism, we through laboratory work alone. The U.S. balance in a way which would be unfavor­ should begin to understand the simple truth advantage in smaller weapons would persist able to us, clandestine, underground testing that Russia will accept a disarmament agree­ over a longer time. Some weapons effects would be unsatisfactory. Moreover, the ment only if it will result in a net politico­ phenomena would remain unsettled or un­ point of d1minishing returns in improving military advantage to the Communists in discovered by both sides. The development weight-yield ratios is fast approaching. And the struggle for the world. The nuclear test of antimissile systems would be slowed down pure fusion weapons woulc not be of great ban fits this criterion. It has been a cen­ ·on both sides. Our tactical weapon superi­ advantage to us because they would con­ tral feature of Communist "peace" prop­ ority would persist longer. In general, our stitute primarily a cheaper substitute for aganda for many years. It is a vital ingredi­ present nuclear advantages would last for a the explosive component in our already large ent in the continuing Soviet effort to alter considerably longer period. stockpile of nuclear weapons. Hence, any the milltary balance in their favor. Con­ (b) Spread of nuclear weapons to other inhibitions on the development of these countries: It is in our interest to prevent or weapons would appear to be to our net ad­ t~eqliently, a nuclear test ban as currently contemplated would be inimical to the in­ slow the rate of diffusion of nuclear weapons. vantage. There is therefore general agree­ terests of the United States and the free The Atomic Energy Act of 1954 shows a strong ment within the executive branch that a world. national policy to this end. While a test test ban adequately verified so as to provide ban as such would not alone prevent other reasonable assurance against evasion would nations from acquiring nuclear weapons, be in the interest of the United States. continued testing on both sides would cer­ Furthermore, an evader testing in allu­ WILLIAM C. FOSTER'S VIEWS ON tainly stimulate other nations to acquire vium would probably have little assurance NUCLEAR TEST BAN them. The rate and motivation for diffusion that the cavity produced by the explosion . Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, I ask would be dampened considerably by a test would not collapse, leading to a large visible unanimous consent to extend my remarks ban treaty. surface crater which might itself be detected. at this point in the RECORD. (c) Establlshment of an inspection system Moreover, due to the variabillty in the size on Soviet soil: A test ban which includes of the seismic signals which can occur from The SPEAKER. Is there objection provision for some onsite inspection in the explosions of the same size, an evader could to the request of the gentleman from SOviet Union has potential significance for not be sure of evading even seismic detection California? progress in other areas of arms control and at low yields by testing in alluvium. There was no objection. disarmament and for future relations be­ "Big hole" decoupling is both time con­ Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, the tween the United States and the U.S.S.R. It suming and expensive. Preparation of a Republican conference committee on would give both sides experience with inspec­ large cavity might itself be detected during tion and permit us to appraise their coopera­ the construction phase. Moreover, since this nuclear testing has asked several experts tion, and in the light of that appraisal, to form of decoupling has never been tried on to comment on the subject of the nuclear estimate the cooperation which might be any practical scale so far as we know, a po­ test ban in order that the Congress and forthcoming in the verification of more sig­ tential evader would again be unsure that the American people can be better in­ nificant agreements. It might serve also to he could escape detection. Finally, while formed on this subject so vital to the "open" the Soviet Union to some extent and single tests might sometimes escape detec­ national security. The following is the to help diminish the Soviets' fear that effec­ tion by seismic means, a test series would paper submitted to the committee by Mr. tive control 1s another name for espionage. be far more difficult to hide. Yet, little Foster: It could lead to the development of a basis progress can ordinarily be made with indi­ for confidence in other agreements. vidual, isolated tests. WHY THE UNITED STATES CONTINUES NEGO­ (d) Elimination of fallout: A test ban 3. Balance of risks TIATING FOR A NUCLEAR TEST BAN TREATY treaty should lead to the elimination of (By William C. Foster) All these factors were considered at length whatever danger exists from fallout from by the President and his top advisers in July For the last 17 years, a major U.S. foreign United States and Soviet nuclear weapon and August of last summer. Messrs. John policy objective has been to enhance our se­ tests. J. McCloy and Robert A. Lovett as ad hoc curity through safeguarded and balanced 2. Disadvantages advisers joined the Committee of Principals arms control and disarmament agreements (a) Risk of secret preparations and sur­ which includes the Secrt>taries of State and with other nations. For the last 4% years prise abrogation of the treaty: If prepara­ Defense, the Chairmen of the Atomic Energy the United States has sought to negotiate tions for testing were not maintained by the Commission and of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, a nuclear test ban treaty. At various times United States after entering into a test ban, the Director of Central Intelligence, the throughout these 4% years, the United it is possible that we would be in a position Special Assistants to the President on Na­ States has changed its requirements for after a few years in which a surprise abro­ tional Security Affairs and Science and Tech­ monitoring and inspecting such a ban. gation by the Soviets might leave us as nology, and myself. This group was unani­ Many of these changes have resulted from much as 18 months behind in our readiness mous in concluding that the risks of secret increased understanding of the problems in­ to test. However, in case of agreement, the evasion and of surprise abrogation were out­ valved and from improved techniques de­ Government will make it a matter of na­ weighed by the risks of continued unlimited veloped for their solution. Other changes testing on both sides. have resulted from military and political re­ tional policy to maintain readiness to test, assessments of the advantages and disad­ and to provide funds necessary for this and II. CHANGES YN DETECTION CAPABILITY RESULT­ vantages of a test ban treaty to U.S. interests. for the incentive program necessary to keep ING IN CHANGES IN U.S. POSITION This statement will discuss two basic ques­ competent scientific talent available. Under Over the years there have been numerous tions which have been raised about the test these circumstances, our scientists should reassessments of the technical problems in­ ban negotiations: retain the incentives to continue nuclear volved in detecting underground nuclear 1. Is an effective and comprehensive weapons research and our weapons labora­ explosions. These reassessments have re­ nuclear test ban treaty in the u.s. national tories should function effectively. This is sulted from actual observations of earth interests? not insurance against surprise abrogation tremors over a period of years and from 1642 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 4 extended research along lines originally quota of onsite inspections required. Last There are 860 ships currently in our recommended by the Berkner Panel Report fall Ambassador Dean suggested a figure be­ naval fleet, 598 of which were authorized on Seismic Improvement in 1959. These re­ tween 8 and 10 onsite inspections each year. assessments have occasionally produced The Soviet Union has returned to its earlier during World War n. Their average age changes in the U.S. position. I will discuss proposal of two or three inspections. is 13 years. Their useful life expectancy here only those developments which have Balancing the risks on both sides, a test is 20 years, based on Navy experience. occurred since the United States submitted a ban treat~ is very much in the United States Thus, they should.be replaced or author­ complete nuclear test ban treaty on April 18, interest. While there will always be some risk ized within the next 7 years if the Navy 1961, even though there were others before of cheating and a surprise abrogation, the in 1973 is to have the 860 up-to-date that which produced changes in our monitor­ gains to the United States far outweigh these ships in being which it says it must have ing and inspection requirements. ·risks. Moreover, the changes in our require­ by that date. A 3-year leadtime is re­ The first of the significant reassessments ments for verifying c-ompliance with a test was the establishment of a better capability ·ban treaty would not significantly alter the quired between the date a ship is au­ for long-distance detection of earth tremors deterrent effect of such a treaty on the Soviet thorized and the· date it joins the fleet. caused by nuclear explosions or earthquakes. Union. Our knowledge of methods for long Thus, my assertion and the assertion of This makes it possible to propose a simpler range detection of earth tremors and for the special subcommittee that 598 ships and more economical system for long-range judging whether most of them are likely to must be replaced or authorized during detection, and to rely on stations operated be earthquakes or nuclear explosions has the next 7 years. by the United States for the detection of increased to such an extent that a smaller But what is our record with respect to earth tremors in the Soviet Union. Since we number of onsite inspections would consti­ would not place primary reliance on Soviet­ tute an adequate deterrent. ship replacement and authorization? Between fiscal years 1948 and 1963 we manned stations to detect such tx:emors but Ill. CONCLUSION only as auxlliary tools to gain knowledge authorized only 24 ships per year on about the special features of earthquakes in In concluding this statement, I want to the average. For fiscal 1964 the budget the Soviet Union, we need be much less con­ stress the importance of a continuing bi­ provides funds for only 41 ships. If we cerned about the possibilities for cheating partisan effort in this crucial area of U.S. foreign policy. In each administration since do not proceed any faster than 41 ships at these stations. Operation of its own sys­ a year for the next 7 years, we will re­ tem by the United States has the advantage the end of World War II, the significant de­ that its size, efficiency and utilization are all velopments in the arxns control and disarma­ place or authorize only 287 ships by 1970. under our direct control, and that a great ment field have always reflected bipartisan The Navy will be short of not only its reduction in cost is possible. effort. In every important conference there goal but its absolute requirements by 311 have been congressional advisers and ob­ ships. If that occurs, I predict that in The second significant technical reassess­ servers from both parties. While I cannot ment is that an earlier estimate of the num­ speak personally for the entire postwar 1973 Russia will have definitely replaced ber of tremors from earthquakes in the So­ period, I believe that since I have held my the United States as the major seapower viet Union which might be confused with present post of responsibility, no major effort ·in the world. If that happens, what will tremors from nuclear explosions has been of the United States in the arms control and be our defense posture, and what will be shown by actual observation and research disarmament field has been made without to be several times too large. Since there the defense posture of the free world? consultation with representatives of both Adm. C. V. Ricketts, Vice Chief of Na­ are fewer actual earthquakes which produce political parties. tremors similar to those of an explosion, the I therefore welcome the interest of the val Operations, has said: number of onsite inspections needed to iden­ House Republican conference committee in We are rapidly reaching the point where tify the cause of any observed tremors is test ban matters and will gladly provide fur­ we cannot be assured of control [of the se~s] less. ther information if the committee wishes. unless immediate and effective moderniza­ The third significant reassessment is that Let me assure you that no test ban treaty tion of our Navy is undertaken: our ability from a distance and without on­ will be placed into effect without either the site inspection to ascertain that some earth advice and consent of the Senate to its rati­ The report of the special subcommittee tremors are caused by earthquakes and not fication or the approval of both Houses of contains several startling statements. explosions has been steadily improving. In Congress. Included are: a recent study of the annual earth tremors The U.S. Navy is today headed toward a located in the Soviet Union by stations op­ block obsolescence which can have disas­ erated from a distance, over half gave indica­ OBSOLESCENCE IS WEAKENING trous consequences to this country. tions of being earthquakes on the basis of THE NAVY such seismic criteria as first earth motion. Somewhat less than another third were The SPEAKER. Under previous or­ It is a statistical certainty that if this found to be unlikely possibilities for nuclear der of the House, the gentleman from country continues with a shipbuilding pro­ tests based upon nonseismic criteria such as Washington [Mr. TOLLEFSON] is recog­ gram which reflects past history our Navy their general geographic location and the de­ nized for 15 minutes. will cease to be an effective m111tary instru­ tailed characteristics of the area of the trem­ Mr. TOLLEFSON. Mr. Speaker, ac­ ment. or's origin. cording to an Armed Services Subcom­ In 1958, when the test ban negotiations Our Navy, if we can judge by the past, is began and we knew less than we now know mittee report dated September 25, 1962, on an inexorable march toward its own about earthquakes and nuclear explosions, our naval fleet is fast growing obsoles­ destruction as an arm of our foreign policy the United States asked for as many onsite cent, thereby seriously endangering our and as an effective agency for national de­ inspections as there were unidentified earth national defense posture. The report fense. tremors above 5-kiloton yield. In 1960, we says it is a statistical certainty that our proposed 20 onsite inspections each year. In fleet will be unable to perform its as­ Where there may be uncertainty about the 1961, we proposed a sliding scale ranging signed roles in the years ahead unless the future requirements of other weapons sys­ from a high of 20 to a iow of 12. Navy's shipbuilding program is substan­ tems as to type and quantity, there cannot As already indicated, the number of earth­ tially increased. be any doubt, so long as we live in our pres­ quakes of a particular size occurring each ent geographical environment, that a mod­ year in the Soviet Union has been found to While our own fleet deteriorates from ern, second-to-none naval fleet is an abso­ be several times smaller than we earlier be­ obsolescence, the Russians are rapidly lute and fundamental requirement of our lieved, and our ability to discrimina~e at a moving ahead in building up their sea­ national survival. distance between earth tremors resulting power. They are in the midst of a 7- from earthquakes and those resulting from year ship construction program which explosions has been improving. On the And even with this realization, a realiza­ other hand, because of improvements in de­ could possibly make them the major sea­ tion which must be shared by Congress and tection and because of extension of the power in the world. Already they have the people generally, we are headed toward treaty ban to smaller underground explo· about 400 submarines-some undoubt­ a point in time when our Navy wlll be so sions, we must now be concerned with the edly nuclear powered-to challenge the reduced in effective strength as to make it identification of many small earth tremors. sea supremacy of the United States. physically impossible to perform its roles and Weighing all these technical considerations, With alarming speed and thoroughness missions. we believe that on balance a reduction in the they are building commercial and naval Mr. Speaker, what is Congress going quota of onsite inspections is to supple­ ment the monitoring system in providing a vessels. While they recognize fully the to do with the report of the special strong deterrent to the carrying out of clan­ importance of seapower, some people in Armed Services Subcommittee? Will it destine tests. For this purpose, a large num­ our own Government are losing sight simply file and forget it? Or will it live ber of onsite inspections is clearly unnec­ thereof. They must be awakened to the up to its responsibilities to our people? essary. perilous position in which their lack of The budget contains funds for only 41 There is still a major gap between the vision and understanding will place our ships. The Navy wants at least 70. The positions of the two sides on the annual Nation. simple arithmetic of the report proves 1963 -CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1643 that we must authorize a minimum of REcoRD last Monday, January 28, pages Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Was it 70 per year for the next 7 years. 1156-1165, a rather lengthy critique of not prior to 1932 that we had a depres­ The special subcommittee deserves the the President's Economic Report. At sion? highest praise for its report. I am satis­ that time I said that I was using a new Mr. CURTIS. It started then and fied that its members will press for their technique to try to stimulate national continued for-how many years under recommendations. Will the Appropria­ debate on economic issues; instead of Mr. Roosevelt?-it continued for 8 years. tions Committee respond? Will the taking the floor and delivering the And I might say to the gentleman that Congress respond? I sincerely trust so. speech, I put it in the RECORD so that the Democrats took control of the Con­ We cannot afford to let time run out on people would have an opportunity of gress, or of the House in 1930, which has us. looking at it and going over the statistics been conveniently forgotten. So I do set forth in it. Then, I said, I would not think it is an error for me to use take the floor under a special order. At this emphasis to counteract the empha­ SOVIET MISSILES STILL IN CUBA that time I was given a special order sis that has been used for so many years The SPEAKER. With the permis­ for last Thursday. As most of the Mem­ to refer to this depression of the thirties sion of the gentleman from Missouri bers know, the business of the House on as if it were a Republican-if you want [Mr. CURTis], the Chair recognizes the last Thursday dragged on and it was to be partisan F.bout it-a Republican gentleman from Indiana [Mr. BRUCE] around 5 o'clock when I announced that depression, because it was not that, for 2 minutes. I was having the special order put over either. I would love to put it in context Mr. BRUCE. I thank the Speaker, until today. So, my purpose in taking and say that this was a worldwide eco­ and I thank the gentleman from Mis­ the floor today is in case anyone does nomic phenomenon in which we were souri [Mr. CURTIS]. want to raise any questions about the involved, that Government was at fault I have learned on the highest author­ remarks I made-my thoughts on the in certain areas and private economy ity from what I consider unimpeachable President's Economic Report, or make was at fault in other areas. We should sources that highly placed officials in comments thereon_:_! shall be very keep the discussion in balance. But now Cuba from several major Western Pow­ happy to yield. what I am trying to discuss is economic ers friendly to the United States counted Mr. Speaker, what I want to stress, theory and also political theory, how we the unloading from Soviet vessels in and it is stressed in my remarks of last move out of a recession or a depression; Cuba of 82 to 88 Soviet missiles-not 42. Monday, is that the theory on which so it is very appropriate for me to refer That would mean there are 40 or more the President had predicated his recom­ to this period of the thirties as a pe1iod Soviet missiles still in Cuba today and mendations to the Congress to alleviate when this theory of deficit financing was according to my sources the highest offi­ the economic situation in the country is employed and did not work. cials in the U.S. Government know it. entirely novel. It is new doctrine; it is Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Mr. I can also report that these officials new theory. That is no reason, of Speaker, will the gentleman yield have given full details on this to the course, for anyone to shy away from it, further? U.S. State Department. but it constitutes plenty of reason why Mr. CURTIS. I yield. The administration has told the Amer­ it should be examined carefully and Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Why does ican people that 42 missiles were sent to those who are promoting this new theory the gentleman refer to this as the Roose­ Castro by Khrushchev, and that our should be willing to debate the matter velt depression when history shows that aerial and naval observations convinced forthrightly. · unemployment and the failure to dis­ them that all 42 missiles were removed Mr. Speaker, this theory has been tribute goods arose long before Roosevelt by Soviet ships. Assuming that 42 ac­ lurking around economic circles for sev­ became President and continued after tually were taken out of Cuba, by the dip­ eral decades. he was elected President? The people lomats' count 40 to 46 missiles capable of To put it in capsule, it is a theory of believed in his policies to such an extent striking the heart of the United States deficit financing at the Federal level. that they elected overwhelmingly a still remain on Castro's island. That the Federal Government, by spend­ Democratic Congress in 1934 and re­ How long will the State Department ing more money than it takes in, can elected Mr. Roosevelt in 1936, and he continue hiding the facts from the stimulate the economy to greater eco­ won almost all of the States of the Union American people? Are we going to be nomic growth. This theory, incident­ in 1940. told again that they have suddenly just ally, was implemented to some degree in Mr. CURTIS. That is right. discovered that these weapons are now the thirties during the Roosevelt depres­ Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. And again in Cuba? sion days. It did not work then but in 1944. The time to tell the American people those who promote this theory say that Mr. CURTIS. That is right. the truth is now. it is wrong to say that it did not work. Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. To call I challenge the State Department to Their answer is that it did not work that a Roosevelt depression, to place it deny that they have been given this in­ because we did not spend enough, that upon the party that he represented, will formation. And let us not have any the deficit financing was not enough. the gentleman explain in view of that more silly doubletalk about soft versus Dr. Heller, the Chairman of the Presi­ statement, how in 1958 and 1959 we had hard intelligence. I would rather sus­ dent's Council of Economic Advisers, and a deficit in excess of $12 billion under the pect that the problem is not one of soft br. Gordon, who is now the President's system controlled by President Eisen­ or hard intelligence, but rather one of Director of the Budget, are of this belief. hower. soft or hard heads. The proponents of the deficit financing Mr. CURTIS. I will be glad to get to theory say, to prove that we did not that because I am very critical of that; spend enough, "Look what did happen but let me get back to the gentleman's CRITIQUE OF THE PRESIDENT'S when we did spend vast sums of money first question. You have posed another ECONOMIC REPORT in World War II." In other words, the question which I should like to answer. argument is that heavY deficit spending Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Will the The SPEAKER. Under previous order in World Wa-r II brought us out of the gentleman yield further at this point? of the House, the gentleman from Mis­ Roosevelt depression of the thirties. I Mr. CURTIS. I yield further to the souri [Mr. CURTIS] is recognized for 60 think that that certainly ignores a very gentleman. minutes. basic point, the point of difference be­ Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Would the Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, I ask tween an economy based upon war and gentleman direct himself to that ques­ unanimous consent to revise and extend one based upon peacetime activities. tion of the deficit spending that arose in my remarks and include extraneous Mr. ROGERS of Colorado.· Mr. the Eisenhower administration and the ·matter. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? budget recommended by President Eisen­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection Mr. CURTIS: I yield. hower, of which this Congress apparently to the request of the gentleman from Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. The de­ approved. Missouri? pression came long before Mr. Roosevelt Mr. CURTIS. Yes. · There was no objection. was elected in 1932. Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. It was one Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, I took this Mr. CURTIS. That is true, but it of these same matters the gentleman is time after putting in the CONGRESSIONAL continued. talking about. Would the gentleman 1644 CONGRESSIONAL "RECORD- HOUSE February 4 explain what he would do under that of us wants that. So we must relate our presented in this budget is $98 billion. situation? What is · the difference be­ economic policies to this precious ele­ I suggest that we hold the expenditure tween that and this program recom­ ment of freedom. rate to $93 billion, the rate of fiscal year mended by President Kennedy? Will Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Mr. 1963. Then just take the actual expend­ the gentleman explain the difference? Speaker, will the gentleman yield? itures of fiscal year 1963 and apply those Mr. CURTIS. If the gentleman will Mr. CURTIS. I yield to the gentle­ cuts with some understanding of give be patient, I will be very glad to. man. and take, using $93 billion as your total Essentially there is no difference. Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. As I un­ figure. I think we probably could go Both were in error. I said at that time derstand, you are objecting to the so­ back an entire fiscal year to 1962 where they were in error. ·I am talking about called proposal of deficit spending? the expenditure rate was $87 billion or the future of the country, not whether Mr. CURTIS. Yes, that is right. go back to fiscal year 1961 when the ex­ the Republican Party gets a leg up over Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Now, you penditure rate was $81 billion. You see the. Democratic Party. I want to dis­ have studied the economic situation and what we have been doing is just upping cuss the economic theory. Now I will you have been on the committee and so Federal expenditures each year. If the explain the first question the gentleman forth; will you tell us how much the na­ gentleman will review the figures in the asked me, as to why I referred to the tional debt was at the time President 1964 budget with me. The President has thirties as the Roosevelt depression, Eisenhower came into office and what it tried to create the impression, and ! re­ namely to counteract this kind of palaver was at the time he went out? gret that he has done it in this way, that that has been going on for years, con­ Mr. CURTIS. The gentleman is again the expenditure increase is primarily in ducted largely by leaders of the Demo­ misconstruing for what purpose I have defense. Actually, the bulk of these in­ cratic Party, that the depression of the taken the floor. I am not here defend­ creases are in nondefense expenditures thirties was Republican inspired. Actu­ ing the Eisenhower administration or exclusive of space exploration which is ally it is equally unfair of me, if the gen­ castigating the Truman or Roosevelt or not defense oriented as yet. I might tleman wants me to say it, not to put it Kennedy administration. I am trying to say in this budget that the President in context, to refer to it as the Roose­ discuss some economic theories and eco­ has presented to us, to the Congress, for velt depression. The gentleman is en­ nomic policy and I will be the first one to fiscal year 1964, the increase in nonde­ tirely right. This began before Roose­ say to the gentleman, as I already have, fense expenditures-and counting space velt became President, but it was not the I felt that some of the policies under the separate if he wants to do so-is an in­ result of any policies of the previous Eisenhower administration were in error crease of about $3 billion. But how has administration. It was realiy to a large and particularly in the 1958 deficit which he done that and yet created the im­ degree, in my opinion, basic ignorance I think created real damage. But this pression of not increasing these items: of all of us in regard to economic laws. was the theory of certain people in the by taking ~mt nonrecurring items which I may say that we are largely still Eisenhower administration-good peo­ were in the 1963 expenditures and cash­ ignorant in this field. No one knows ple-who believe in this deficit theory. ing in capital items. I will give you one enough in these uncharted seas to know However, their Eden of deficits were lim:.. item just to illustrate the magnitude of just what are the best policies. ited to cyclical declines and the deficit it-$2 billion for the Export-Import Now, if I may revert back to what I was to be recovered in periods of recov­ Bank Agency. This is a 1963 expendi­ was discussing, whether or not this ery. Now this particular theory of deficit ture. Everyone knows it is a nonrecur­ theory of deficit financing actually finance unrelated to cyclical movements ring item. That is a minus figure in the proved successful in the thirties, because is being openly embraced by President 1964 budget. The President has put in this was a theory that was adopted by Kennedy. Those of us, whether you recurring items in his expenditure col­ the Roosevelt administration, and it is are Democrat or Republican, who do umn for 1964. A $1.4 billion increase in quite clear that it did not. But the one not believe in this novel economic theory Department of Agriculture and $1.7 bil­ thing that did change the picture was of deficits unrelated to cycles surely must lion increase for Department of Health, World War II. agree it is important for us at least to Education, and Welfare for example. I do make this remark, that it is very discuss it and to ask those who are ad­ Now this, frankly, is juggling statistics. important for those of us who are in­ vancing this radical theory to debate it Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Then I terested in peace-and that is all of us, and point out why they think this kind take it instead of taking the recom­ the leaders and members of both polit­ of change is necessary. Now, if the gen­ mended amount that the President has ical parties--that we must concentrate tleman will join me in my opposition to set up, you would go backward to what our attention on an economy based on deficit financing, as I guess he has, in we had appropriated last year? peace, an economy that will bring eco­ criticizing the Eisenhower administra­ Mr. CURTIS. You asked me how I nomic security based on peace. To refer tion on those points, then join me now in might do it. I would say it is a good to a wartime period as being the method criticizing the Kennedy administration suggestion. of solving economic problems in a peace­ when it seeks to carry those policies even time society is gross error. Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. And if beyond the concept of 1958. that was not far enough, then you would We can put it in this context: There Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Mr. were 10 million people unemployed in go back to a previous fiscal year? Speaker, will the gentleman yield fur­ Mr. CURTIS. I would suggest that 1940 when America became the arsenal ther? for democracy. One way we solved you put a real figure in the expenditures Mr. CURTIS. I yield to the gentle­ part and go back to the next previous unemployment was simply to put uni­ man from Colorado. forms on over 10 million of our young fiscal year and you would get a more men and women. The way we solved Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Your realistic figure of the spending that is the inflationary impact of these policies criticisms of the recommendations made being done on the part of the executive was to impose price and wage controls, by the Kennedy administration are be­ department. and I might say controls of materials cause they relate to deficit spending? Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Does not and of certain goods and services. These Mr. CURTIS. That is correct. the gentleman recognize that the rec­ restrictions on freedom our people will Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. There­ ommendation of the budget was reduced put up with during a war period, but fore, the only way you could cut down approximately $4.5 billion in the last these must be recognized as giving up and prevent deficit spending is not to session? freedoms. This business of freedom and spend; is that not correct? Mr. CURTIS. That was the budget liberty has, I think, a direct bearing on Mr. CURTIS. That is one way, cer­ that was prepared by the people of the our economic theories and what our tainly, and the most important way­ same political party that control the economy is really all about. What we yes. Congress. That was fat and was ob­ are seeking to do is not only provide the Mr. ROGER& of Colorado. Would viously put in there so it could be cut good life for our people in terms of tan­ you tell the House where and in what out, but there is still more that should gible goods and services but also in terms manner and in which department you have been cut out. We did not really of this very precious intangible, human would cut down? get the fat cut out. liberty and freedom. You can get three Mr. CURTIS. Oh, boy, would I ever. Mr." ROGERS of Colorado. Is there meals a day, plenty of clothing· and Let me take one very simple case. The any reason to believe that we will not shelter and protectio~ in a jail, but none' expenditure rate that the President has · cut some of the fat out? 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1645 Mr. CURTIS. We will cut some would be in there; I think that .we could Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Mr. amount of fat out for political reasons, probably cut that expenditure rate to Speaker, will the gentleman yield fur­ fat it was intended the Congress should about a billion and a half. But, again, ther? cut out, but what I am concerned with this would depend on careful work being Mr. CURTIS. Yes. is cutting out other unnecessary fat-the done in the Appropriations Committee. Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. The gen­ real fat. The probability, however, is I am not like some of my colleagues on tleman talks about this cut that was that this Congress is not going to do both sides of the aisle who think that brought about under the leadership of that. I hope we will. I hope the Appro­ the theory of foreign aid is unsound; I Representative Taber from New York. priations Committee and its subcommit­ think the theory is sound, but the re­ Mr. CURTIS. Yes. tees will suggest to the Congress areas quests for appropriations and the ex­ Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Remem­ where we can cut. Let me give you one penditure policies have just been fantas­ ber, we adjourned here along about the place, we surely can cut Agriculture. tic in their extravagance, in their lack of latter part of July and went home. The increase in the Agriculture budget planning or lack of policy-just about Mr. CURTIS. What year is the gen­ for this fiscal year is $1.4 billion. The everything I can think of has been in tleman talking about? Budget Bureau says there has been a cut error in the foreign aid programs. Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Nineteen in expenditures of $1 billion over the Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. That was hundred and fifty-three. past fiscal year, but see how they juggle $3.7 billion and you would cut out about Mr. CURTIS. Nineteen hundred and the figures to reach this. They expect $2 billion. fifty-three? to collect $2.5 billion from selling Com­ Mr. CURTIS. Yes. Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Yes. The modity Credit Corporation surplus Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Where are year that Mr. Taber and this great group crops, mostly cotton. The Secretary you going to get the other $4 billion? was in charge that the gentleman talked thinks he is going to get $2.5 billion Mr. CURTIS. We could do it if we about. And, it was cut down, but when from that. The increased expenditure went right down the line. Take the mat­ the Republican Congressmen went home for Agriculture is going to be $1.5 bil­ ter of excess employment, additional em­ they came running back down to the lion. There is a net of minus $1 billion ployees. We could save a great deal of White House and said, "Look, some­ on the expenditure side, obtained by not money by holding down employment. thing has happened down my way. We entering the $2.5 billion on the receipt For instance, the Federal Government better start something different." So, side, and entering the $1.5 increase on put on 160,000 men and women civilian they started spending. the debit side. The $1.5 billion addi­ employees during the last year. This and Mr. CURTIS. I do not agree with that. tional expenditure on the expenditure salary increases cost us close to a bil­ The record does not reveal that. The side should be shown, but the budget lion dollars. I think the gentleman will 1954 budget was balanced. The gentle­ simply enters the minus one on the ex­ concede that I am not talking through man is in error. But, let us let the record penditure side. This is bad accounting my hat, but am looking at specific items. stand, because it is not my word against practice and would result in a CPA losing The Republican-controlled 83d Con­ yours; it is a question of what the record his license if he were guilty of it. gress which came into power in 1953 cut shows. Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Mr. the Truman-prepared budget by $14 bil­ Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. The rec­ Speaker, will the gentleman yield fur­ lion, and they did it in a scalpel method, ord shows that during the Eisenhower ther? not with a meat ax. administration we increased deficit Mr. CURTIS. I yield. spending to the greatest extent in the Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Then I I want to put that in context, thoug·h. It is true that we were then shifting history of the country and had the big­ understand one place the gentleman gest deficit under Eisenhower. would cut would be $1.5 billion in Agri­ from war to peace, and therefore we could appropriately cut some. Just be­ Mr. CURTIS. I agree that that hap­ , culture. pened after the Democrats got control Mr. CURTIS. I would do that for cause of this shift. But, you must recog­ nize that the $14 billion cut in 1 year of the Congress, again. sure. I would cut out the $1.4 billion of Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Now, the request for "new obligational author­ was accomplished intelligently. And it was not confined to the shift from war . wait. Would you yield further at this ity"; and I think by looking those figures time? over we can probably cut another half to peace. It was accomplished by the Committee on Appropriations staffing it­ Mr. CURTIS. Not at this point. I billion dollars on that. want to make my statement now. The Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. In other self properly. The gentleman will recall that John Taber-and his name ought to gentleman is talking about the Eisen­ words, about $1% billion. hower administration, with Congress un­ Mr. CURTIS. Yes. be in the Hall of Fame for this one thing, der the control of the Democratic Party. Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. What if nothing else--gathered together some Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. In enact­ would be the next place? 100 people, experts in accounting, engi­ ing a budget that was set up by the Mr. CURTIS. While I am not on the neering, and in the various fields of Eisenhower administration, which we cut Appropriations Committee, _nonetheless budgeting, brought them down here to from time to time-- I can tell you: Foreign aid could well serve on the staff of the Committee on Mr. CURTIS. Let me say this to the be ·cut and we would improve our.rela­ Appropriations. It was the hard work of gentleman. tions abroad. that staff that enabled the Congress to Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Mr. Take the Alliance for Progress. It was do this expenditure cutting. And, to my Speaker, will the gentleman yield fur­ supposed to be a mixed public and private regret, when the Congress changed ther? investment spending effort, but because hands in 1954, with the gentleman from Mr. CURTIS. I do not yield at this of Government spending, private spend­ Missouri, Chairman CANNON, becoming point, because I want to say something ing is just being pushed out of the pic­ head of the Committee on Appropria­ here. I have yielded to the gentleman ture. Now, if we would reverse this bal­ tions, that staff was completely junked. and I will continue to yield, but I do not ance in the Alliance for Progress so that Now, the people we have on the Com­ appreciate his interrupting me when I we encouraged private capital invest­ mittee on Appropriations staff, in my try to answer his questions or respond ment instead of Government in these judgment, individually are very fine and to his remarks. Let the record show as areas we could cut off several billions of well qualified people, but the staff is in­ to whether the Congress upped or cut dollars in foreign aid. capable of doing the job needed to be the Eisenhower budget, particularly in Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. How much done-because of its very lack of size, 1958. They did up it. But, the gentle­ foreign aid would the gentleman suggest the lack of manpower. This is the rea­ man must observe this, and I again em­ we cut? son, I would say, more than anything phasize it. I was critical of the Eisen­ Mr. CURTIS. I think we could prob­ else, that we cannot expect an intelli­ hower administration in this area, and ably wipe the whole thing out for the gent cut in expenditures and appropria­ I am not trying to talk now about Re­ next fiscal year, inasmuch as the carry­ tions in this Congress. We could, if the publicans or Democrats. over balances equal twice the amount of Committee on Appropriations were ade­ I am trying to point out an economic the expenditure rate. I imagine we could quately staffed and if the Congress as philosophy. If your party wants to adopt well not appropriate another cent for a whole would do it own work in these the economic philosophy of deficit fi­ fiscal year 1964. Expenditure on previ­ areas. We can-cut it, and I am still nancing, I as a Republican would be ous obligations would still continue, so it hopeful that we will. willing to go to the people on that issue 1646 CONGRESSIONAl RECORD- HOUSE- February ·4 in opposition. But fortunately for our the executive in preparing the budget cabbage· patch because the Director of country's welfare I am happy to say that alone, after more than 2,000 people had the Budget is supposed to exercise the many of the Democrats do not agree prepared the background material which discipline in this area. with that theory. I am trying to get went into the budget. · We ·had a witness before the Joint some people on my side to agree that I am wondering if we do not have to Economic Committee, just before I deficit financing is a basic error. In advance a program here and now in this came over here, Dr. Gerhard Colm, a one sense, I am happy to say that this is session of Congress which will establish very distinguished economist, but one a debate that transcends party affiliation. the machinery for us to review and per­ who believes in the deficit financing If the gentleman would permit me to haps rewrite this budget so that we can theory. He said: go ahead arid quit trying to get it back demonstrate to the people that as Rep­ If ·I were the Director of the Budget I into a Republican and Democrat con­ resentatives in Congress and speaking would not be just cutting certain items, test I shall proceed. for them and they speaking through us, but I would be actually encouraging some Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, will the that we want a balanced budget. They of the departments and bureaus to increase gentleman yield? want the Congress to live within its their items. Mr. CURTIS. I yield to the gentle­ means and the Nation to live within its This is not my understanding of the man from Iowa. means. function of the Bureau of the Budget. Mr. GROSS. I would hope that the Mr. CURTIS. I want to thank the So we should have this national debate, gentleman from Missouri could make gentleman for his remarks and his con­ and this is as good a place to begin it something of a convert of the gentleman tribution. I agree with the gentleman. as anywhere; here in the well of the from Colorado [Mr. RoGERS]. The gentleman has put his finger right House, whether we are Democrats or Re­ Mr. CURTIS. Maybe I am; I hope. on it, that the Congress has not devel­ publicans, we must decide whether we Mr. GROSS. I hope so, because it has oped the machinery for actually review­ agree or disagree with this new theory been my observation that he has been ing the budget. We break ourselves of planned deficit financing. voting for a good many of these lush down into subcommittees on the Appro­ Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Mr. spending propositions under the Eisen­ priations Committee and bring in piece­ Speaker, will the gentleman yield? hower administration and under almost meal the parts of the budget. But after Mr. CURTIS. I yield. any President I can think of. The gen­ we have done all that we never review Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Briefly, tleman has made his contribution to the the total budget, nor do we review it at the gentleman previously indicated that deficits. its very inception. this question of deficit financing was not Mr. McCLORY. Mr. Speaker, will the Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Mr. to be considered a partisan question. gentleman yield? Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. CURTIS. That is correct, unless Mr. CURTIS. I yield to the gentle­ Mr. CURTIS. As soon as I have a the Democratic Party wa~ts to adopt it. man from Illinois, and then I shall yield chance to expound this a bit, and then I Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. But the further to the gentleman from Colorado. shall yield. gentleman did point out that when the Mr. McCLORY. I certairily want to We never have been able in the begin­ Republicans were in power in 1953 and join with the gentleman from Missouri ning to prepare a legislative budget. 1954 they did certain things. in the presentation he is making and in Let me say that as far as the Comp­ Mr. CURTIS. May I say this to the his condemnation of the planned deficit troller General's Office is concerned, and gentleman: In 1953 and 1954 certainly spending program which has been as far as the General Accounting Of­ we were following good fiscal policy. advanced. fice is concerned, the General Account­ But the gentleman correctly pointed out I think that the gentleman from Colo­ ing Office is still an arm of the Congress, that this was not followed in 1958. rado [Mr. RoGERS], who has been speak­ I am happy to say. Mr. ROGERS or Colorado. That is ing, has interested himself in deficits But it must be clear that the Comp­ exactly the point I am talking about. that have occurred and were not troller General's Office has no juris­ Mr. CURTIS. That is right; the planned, but which were voted as a re­ diction over expenditure policy. The gentleman is correct if he confines his sult of action by the Congress. However, office is concerned solely with whether or remarks to 1958. the matter which concerns me today as a not the moneys spent are spent in ac­ Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. It was in Member of Congress and as a result of cordance with law and are spent ef­ this period that the gentleman says fis­ earlier expositions made by the gentle­ ficiently; and a very helpful thing that cal irresponsibility began with the Re­ man from Missouri [Mr. CURTIS] and is in itself. But the Office has no juris­ publican Party. others is the responsibility and the op­ diction over the policy of spending. Mr. CURTIS. I did not say that. I portunity of the Congress to do some­ The fact is that the Congress must said that the Republican Party was thing about this huge deficit and this develop the machinery if it is going to guilty of following it to a degree. I did planned deficit spending program which do an adequate job on the budget. This not say it began with them. It certainly is being forced upon us. is one of the basic points, that I took did not begin with them. They were I have studied as much of the litera­ the :floor to expound; if, indeed, the Con­ corrupted. ture as I have been able to obtain as to gress through its leadership does not Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Does the how Congress can handle this subject. want a balanced budget and actually be­ gentleman then contend that because the I noted that back in 1921 we did estab­ lieves in the economic theory of deficit Democratic Congress did adopt the lish a General Accounting Office which financing-and there are some fine budget sent up by President Eisenhower was to be the legislative arm responsible Americans, I regret to say, who believe that we were- solely to the Congress in order that we this-but if the Congress actually be­ Mr. CURTIS. Equally guilty. could review the different programs lieves in deficit financing, we are just Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. That we which were within the means of the kidding ourselves in thinking that estab­ were irresponsible? Congress, as far as its revenues were con­ lishing the machinery to cut the budget Mr. CURTIS. Yes; I do say that. cerned. But during the 1930's the Con­ we will cut it. We could develop the Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. That is gress lost much of its authority with machinery and if the will and purpose what I asked before-where and how respect to budgetary matters. In the to cut expenditures and balance the would the gentleman solve this prob­ 1946 Reorganization Act where provision budget were not there 'we would not do lem? Because he and I know that from was made for the legislative budget the so. Any more, I might say, than will 1947 on-that is, in peacetime, · so to opportunity was there if we had a com­ the present Director of the Budget per­ speak, outside of Korea-we have had mittee or a joint committee which would form that service in the Kennedy ad­ deficit spending. be at all capable of handling this. But ministration. President Kennedy ap­ Mr. CURTIS. That is not right--1954 the size of the problems which were en­ pointed Dr. Gordon as Director of the saw a balanced budget. countered, plus the inadequate staffing, Budget, a vel'Y eminent gentleman and Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Exactly made it virtually impossible to provide a a scholar and a former member of the how to stop it, I would like to know. workable, intelligent legislative budget. President's Council of Economic Ad­ That is why I asked the question; rather I note that in the preparation of the visers, but a person who believes in the than trying to criticize what is or is not last budget--! do not have the figures on theory of deficit financing, I said that proposed, I want some concrete answer this budget--450 people worked under it is like putting the goat to watch the so I can join with the gentleman to see 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1647 if we cannot get a balanced budget and growing so fast. This rapid rate of much as had been anticipated.'' I asked, be fiscally responsible. growth is called automation, today. In "Was the failure of plant investment the Mr. CURTIS. It seems that I have to the 18th century it was called the indus­ result of tight investment money?" He use a sledge hammer to get across my trial revolution. said, "No; it is the lack of incentive." I points. If the gentleman will read the Let me apply this deficit financing said, "What do you relate lack of incen..:. record of what has transpired here in theory as it is related in the President's tive to? Is it not to profits?" He said, our recent colloquy he will find that I messages to this Congress. He has said "Yes." I said, "Well, are not profits the gave specific examples. I said that the there is only one way in which we can result of the price, the cost-price squeeze, reform must lie in the expenditw·e pol­ move forward at this time, and that is that our costs have gone up and we can­ icy area; the Congress has to cut expend­ to cut taxes, both to reduce taxes and not increase our prices any more because itures. I went further and I detailed to reform them, but essentially to create they are running up against the disci­ many of the areas where expenditures a bigger deficit. He plans to create $11.9 pline of the foreign market?" could be cut. I may point out to the billions of deficit. Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Mr. gentleman that you have to have the will Why will this stimulate the economy? Speaker, will the gentleman yield on that to cut expenditures and to refuse to in­ During August the theory then was point? crease expenditures. In order to do that wrapped up as a quickie tax cut. Then Mr. CURTIS. I yield to the gentle­ we must first decide whether or not we they thought there might be a reces­ man on that point. agree or disagree with the theory of sion and they related it to the cyclic Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. We did planned deficit financing. theory of deficit financing. The theory give incentive to industry in the last ses­ Unless we eschew the theory of deficit remains but it has been unwrapped sion of the Congress, did we not, when financing, there is not the discipline nor to some degree, unmasked I would the law- was passed enabling them to the incentive to cut expenditures. say. The Committee on Ways and write off new investment? Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. First of Means held hearings on this, and we Mr. CURTIS. I will say to the gentle­ all, we all want to cut expenditures. held hearings in executive session. The man that the Congress did do that, much Mr. CURTIS. Do we? That is the Joint Economic Committee held open against my advice. issue. hearings, and the same witnesses ap­ Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Yes; they Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. I do not peared and the same things were said. did. know. The gentleman is the one that The question I asked the administra­ Mr. CURTIS. That is what it was de­ is posing the question of whether or not tion spokesmen and others who advo­ signed to do, I might say to the gentle­ we want to. cated tax cutting without expenditure man, but it did not do it. Mr. CURTIS. I do pose it. cuts which remains unanswered to this Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. The other Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. May I ask day, is, What are the economic impacts day General Motors announced the big­ the gentleman where we would cut? of increased deficits? We on the Com­ gest profit they ever had. Mr. CURTIS. Let me go on and de­ mittee o-n Ways and Means know that Mr. CURTIS. The gentleman is cor­ velop this theory because my time is if we do not raise the money by taxes rect. General Motors did, and I am in­ beginning to run out. I want to stress we have to market additional Federal serting' in tbe RECORD today an article exactly this point. Let us get into this. bonds. What economic impact will the or an editori-al from tbe: St. Louis ·Globe What I want to find out is, Does this marketing of additional Federal bonds Democrat ·which points out a very in­ Congress as a majority want to cut ex­ have on our economy? What economic teresting thing, that·General Motors has penditures? There are many people­ impact will it have upon our economy the highest profit in its history while they are fine people, and I emphasize at a period when we have a very serious United States Steel had its lowest profits this, and I am not just saying it because balance-of-payments problem? To this in a decade. General Motors is one of I know some of them personally-there day Government witnesses have not our major purchasers of steel. are many fine people who honestly be­ come before the Joint Economic Com­ The President injected himself into lieve that planned deficit financing is the mittee prepared to discuss debt man­ the marketplace where steel is bought correct way for us to proceed. They agement policy or the economic impact and sold when United States Steel think the Government ought to be of debt. sought to raise its price. I do not know spending more money, not less, and that I just got through interrogating a wit­ whether United States Steel was right the deficits ought to be bigger. Some of ness who supported the planned deficit or wrong, but I do know in retrospect them chide the Kennedy administration theory this morning appearing be­ when we see one of the big users of because the fiscal year 1964 budget does fore the Joint Economic Committee. I steel having the greatest profit in not have a bigger deficit. I am asking asked him this same question. He said its history and the maker of steel Congress to examine into this theory to it was a fair question, but that he had having the lowest profit, we must view see whether or not it agrees. If we not studied it. So this question of the the President's interjection in keeping agree, then we have got something new. impact of marketing more Government the steel price from going up in a Maybe it is, as Senator PAUL DouGLAS has bonds to finance the planned deficit and new light. But let me add this about said, like discovering atomic energy-it whether or not it will eliminate the eco­ the high liquidity of our corporations­ is a novel theory-and that those who nomic benefits sought to be derived these figures are substantiated, I think, do not want to accept the theory are just from a tax cut has not been answered. and I do not believe that anyone on so out of step they are going to hurt the I think not only would the benefits either side of this argument disagrees on progress of our country. which are questionable in themselves be that point. The fact remains that busi­ Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. The gen­ eliminated, but serious damage from ness did not respond to the tax incentive tleman says deficit spending is some­ other sources would occur. by increasing plant construction in the thing new, but we have had deficit Now let us get back to the theory way that it was anticipated. Therefore, spending for over 15 years. again that if you cut taxes this will shift I suspect there is some other problem Mr. CURTIS. I will say planned purchasing power from the govern­ that lies beneath corporate expansion deficit spending. This is the novelty mental sector and give new purchasing than investment dollars. So to get back that has come into the picture. Dr. power in the private sector. to the thesis of increasing the invest­ Heller said the deficits we have had had The theory is that it will go in two ment dollar through a tax cut. That is not been planned, and they were the ways-to the consumer dollar and to the certainly not going to be beneficial to worst kind. It is the unplanned deficits investment dollar. I had not fully increasing corporate investments and that are bad. But he is now talking realized before we began our hearings plant building because dollars is not about an economic theory that you ac­ last Monday, that actually there has been their problem. Now let me go to the tually plan deficits. So this is new. It a very high incidence of liquidity among second sector of the consumer dollar. has nothing to do with economic cycles. our corporations. . In 1962, Dr. Heller Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Will the It has as its base the concept that our pointed this out, Secretary of Commerce gentleman yield on that point? economy is tired and sluggish. It has Hodges said, "The problem of the slow­ Mr. CURTIS. My time is running tired blood. It must be rejuvenated. I down in 1962 over 1961 was attributable out, but I will yield to my colleague at happen to think we are suffering from primarily to the failure of plant invest­ this time-although I did want to get growing pains because we have been ment by our corporations to increase as this theme across. 1648 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 4 Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. My ques,;, But I w·aht t<:) get on to the second form. Our taxes today are eroding our tion is this. You say that the incenti'Ye point; that of the consumer dollar; and economic base. They are hitting at this offered in the bill that we passed last this is the primary area where the ad­ precious thmg called incentive ~ -They year did not do the job? ministration theorizes that a cut in taxes are hitting at this precious thing called Mr. CURTIS. That is right, it did will stimulate the economy. The ad­ freedom; freedom to spend your dollars not. ministration says that what is in error as you think they should be spent, not Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Now you is a lack of consumer demand and that turning them over to a political bureau­ say that deficit spending will not do the by increasing consumer purchasing crat to decide what the wise thing to do job. power we would increase consumer de­ is in spending. So, many of us have Mr. CURTIS. I do not think it will. mand. been arguing for tax reforms for years. Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Will you .Let us go to the question, then, of how Let me say this, that a good tax reform tell us how the job can be done? this might work, even adopting the ad­ is always in order, whether the economy Mr. CURTIS. Yes, I have many sug­ ministration theory, ·even though I think is going up or going down, whether we gestions. And here the gentleman may the theory is in real question. Let us are talking about growth rates here or agree with me-I think we need to do a take the agricultural sector. Increasing there. Good tax reform is always in or­ much more adequate job in the field of consuln.er purchasing power here will der, and I am hopeful that the Commit­ antitrusts because here is one stimulus not increase consumer demand. It will tee on Ways and Means will go to work, to keep the marketplace operating freely not do a thing about reducing our agri­ as I know we are going to, on the ques­ and efficiently. But at the same time, I cultural surpluses, our idle plant capac­ tion of tax reform, designed to improve think we must look at the power of the ity in agriculture; instead it will make our tax-collecting system, designed to labor unions, the national labor unions, for more idle plant capacity. We have remove many of these impediments to and how they have been exercising that heavy unemployment in rural areas be­ economic growth. But, note that this is power. Then we must look at the Fed­ cause of rapid technological growth, this on an entirely different theory from the eral Government and some of its actions would aggravate unemployment. tax reform that the administration is such as the one I just mentioned in re­ But let us go further into the theory proposing, which is based upon this very gard to steel pricing. But there is an­ that the administration advances, that novel theory of planned deficit financing. other that I might mention, getting releasing money to the consumer If decreasing revenues did not do the minimum wages beyond our productivity through a tax cut is going to stimulate job they would increase expenditures increases just because that was a politi­ demand. even more, to attain the deficit. In or­ cally popular thing to do, completely ig­ They base it partly on this further der to have the kind of tax reform I noring the economics of the situation. theory, that 93 cents of every consumer speak of, we must have expenditure re­ So there are plenty of ways in which dollar released will be spent, because they form. We must try to get these deficits this can be done. argue there is a constant savings rate of down, so whatever we· hope to pass on Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Mr. 7 percent. In other words, of every dol­ .:to the consumer and to the investor in Speaker, will the gentleman yield? lar 7 cents will be saved, not spent; terms of tax cuts is a transfer. But, if Mr. CURTIS. I yield. 93 cents will be spent. I queried them. we simply keep Federal expenditures go­ Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Does the I asked, why do you say that this ratio ing up and releasing Federal revenue gentleman say that the minimum wage is a constant one? They replied that it money to the private sector, through tax would drive down industry? had been with us from 1950 to 1960. But cuts, we are essentially creating infla­ I pointed out that in the 1930's the rate tionary pressures, which in these times Mr. CURTIS. Why, of course, the of serious balance-of-payments prob­ minimum wage would if it moves too was below 3 percent, and in the 1920's the rate was 5.5 percent. This is by no lems can be much more damaging than fast-and I happen to be in favor of in­ increases in the Consumer Price Index·. creasing it when we can, and we can means constant. This rate fluctuates very much. Another factor: A person The discipline that we are now con­ when we have increased productivity. It fronted with in the foreign marketplace certainly is true when you move the with an annual income of $2,000 has actually a minus savings rate. From means that we no longer have within minimum wage beyond the productive our own control, rich and powerful as increase you increase unemployment, $3,000 it begins to go up. Those over $10,000 save around 30 percent. Those we are, our own destiny. you increase prices, you bring about in­ Now, we have to start paying atten­ flation. Therefore raising the minimum around $5,000 save about 14 percent. The administration proposal is for an tion to the laws of economics and to our wage with a disregard of economic con­ method of dealing with them. sequences causes real damage in my income tax cut. Not one cent of the judgment. I happen to think, however, money released in cutting income taxes The reason I have taken the floor to­ that the minimum wage is a good and goes to the lowest income group because day-and I put in the RECORD a week ago useful economic tool. There are people they are not income tax payers. When an exposition of my criticism of the who disagree with me. I concede that it we put the tax cuts into the scale of rate President's Economic Report-was to try has been abused, and this administration of savings per income group the saving to move this national debate forward. rate is going to be over 10 percent. What The President in his Yale speech a year is one that has given it the most abuse. ago said he wanted a national debate on Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Mr. Speak­ does that do to this theory? Senator PROXMIRE brought this out beautifully. these issues particularly on the question er, will the gentleman yield further? of Federal debt and balanced budgets. Mr. CURTIS. I yield. If the savings rate varies 2 percent from the anticipated 6 percent rate we wipe Well, let us have that debate. But, I Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. We passed out every bit of economic incentive that see up to date that he and his spokes­ a minimum wage law which will even­ the administration seeks to get from this men run and turn tail when any of us tually get to $1.25 an hour. tax cut. So, there we have it. take the floor or debate in a public forum Mr. CURTIS. Yes. I am glad the Now let us turn to another sector. A these basic issues. I am certain that the gentleman mentioned that, because the 1 percent increase in the consumer price President's advisers read my remarks President has been advertising it as $1.25 index which could result from the newly that I put in the RECORD last Monday. an hour when it is nothing more at this If they were prepared to debate the is­ time than $1.15. created inflationary pressures would wipe sue, some of them would have been here Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. All right; out all of the increase in real purchasing on the floor of the House, to do so; not let us say it is $1.15. Is $45 a week too power that the consumer might derive hecklers, but people prepared to discuss much for a workingman to earn? from the tax cut. The consumer price the issues that I am trying to bring out­ Mr. CURTIS. Let me say to the gen­ index by the way has been going up not as Democrats, not as Republicans. tleman that he is trying to oversimplify about 1 ¥2 percent in recent years. So, Members of the House, this issue is the issue. I would be very happy to en­ using the administration's own figures, far beyond the interests of the two polit­ gage in a debate on the theory of the this analysis throws into a cocked hat ical parties today. The future of our minimum wage, but that would take an the administration basic theory. country is involved. This national de­ hour in itself. From the gentleman's re­ Now, let me conclude by saying this, bate must go on in order that we can marks I think he needs to do a little that many of us have felt that we have make correct national policy. · homework first, then we can debate the badly needed Federal tax reform for Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, will the gen­ subject. years. And, we do need Federal tax re- tleman yield? CONGRESSIONAl RECORD- HOUSE . 1649 Mr. CURTIS. : I ..yield . to. the gentle­ since we convened on the floor a year and exercise-Its judgment. Let us get on man from Missouri. . ago, our gold supply has dropped another with the job. The muddled situation is Mr. HALL. I would certainly' like to $910 million. · no clearer fast. associate myself with: the' national ·de­ Mr. Speaker, one would need a most GENERAL LEAVE TO EXTEND bate that the gentleman has accepted powerful magnifying glass to find more and that he has talked' about here in a than a passing reference to these prob­ Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, I ask beautiful way. He has displayed keen lems in any message thus far received unanimous consent to revise and extend insight and intelligence both on the Com­ from the President. He tells us only that my own remarks and permission for all mittee on Ways and Means and on the "We are doing well, but must do even who have participated in this discussion Joint Economic-Committee of the two to revise and extend their remarks and better." include extraneous matter, if they so bodies of the Congress. Much of the Nation's press, which desire. I think it is a definite matter of bears the heavy responsibility of keeping national import and I think in his clos­ our citizens informed, finds it more ex­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there ing statement the gentleman has beau­ pedient--and profitable-to talk about objection to the request of the gentle­ tifully stated this. We must determine the Mona Lisa, the Democratic Gala, the man from Missouri? the mechanism, we must debate the Kennedy family "invasion" of the Su­ There was no objection. policy and agree or disagree and bring preme Court Chambers, the domestic Mr. NELSEN. Mr. Speaker, will the forth intelligent solutions. As the gen­ "kiddie corps,'' and other forms of New gentleman yield? · tleman has so well stated, we must trigger Frontier "hi-jinks" than to alert the Mr. CURTIS. I yield to the gentle­ all such things in with this detonation public to this most serious problem, rap­ man from Minnesota. that is coming certainly as day follows idly approaching the crisis stage. Mr. NELSEN. I wish to thank the night, from such things as the Euro­ Mr. Speaker, if we are going to reverse gentleman for · the statement he has pean Common Market, as our overall the continuing loss of American gold, made and the work he has done on this trading and tariff policies with the pre­ there are several steps which must be subject. I want to particularly compli­ rogatives given to the executive last year, taken, but none of them are even re­ ment the gentleman on· the fact that such as the outflow of gold and such as motely indicated in the messages that he has attempted to keep this discussion our defense posture around the world. have come forth from the White House. in the framework of a bipartisan ap­ Mr. Speaker, I would like to join with First, is the basic recognition that New proach. I was particularly pleased to the gentleman in all he has said here Frontier :fiscal policy has been an utter hear the statement by the chairman of today and hope that the rest of our failure insofar as the balance of pay­ the Committee on Appropriations, the colleagues will do this on both sides of ments is concerned, and gold is continu­ gentleman from Missouri [Mr. CANNON], the aisle in a nonpartisan manner. It ing to flow in the wrong direction. who, on January 17, made this statement is much more important than partisan­ Second, we must establish immediate­ regarding the President's budget: · ship. ly, sound monetary policies which should I have listened to messages from Presi­ Mr. Speaker, 2 weeks ago, when Presi­ include a :final halt to inflation, not just dents here in the House for 40 years, but in dent Kennedy submitted a monstrous a slowdown. all that time I have never seen or heard a $99 billion budget, he attempted to make For all the political appeal of low in­ budget message like this one, and neither his illogical reasoning more palatable by terest rates, our interest rates must re­ have you; nor ha.s anyone else. main at least as high as the level of Since we convened here a year ago, the saying: purchasing power of the dollar fell to a new We are doing well but we must do better. foreign nations so that short-term funds low. Savings, pensions, life insurance, bonds will not leave our shores to gain addi­ will buy less. Paraphrased· this might read like the tional interest. Since we convened here a year ago, the remarks made in this country years ago The Federal budget must and the na­ cost-of-living price index hit a new high six by Dr. Emile Coue, psychologist and phy­ tional debt must be reduced so that we times. sician, when he said: can demonstrate to the world our deter­ Since we convened here a year ago, despite Every day in every way I am getting better mination to maintain a sound currency. record national business activity as measured and better. This goal seems farther away than ever by virtually every significant indicator, we . in view of the preposterous budget rec­ spent ourselves deeper in debt. The inevi­ But Mr. Speaker, events are taking table limit is just that much closer. Khru­ place which indicate just the opposite. ommendations that have been made by shchev is waiting. And you cannot lay the On the same week the President told President Kennedy. Adoption of a blame at the door of defense and security. us things were getting better, an article budget which abandons any pretense of The distinguished gentleman from Texas, in the Wall Street Journal indicated they living within our income, will encourage Mr. MAHON-an authority on the subject-­ are getting worse by $50 million in that foreign banks to cash American dollars told you· here on the :floor last April: "We in for gold before they decline further should not give ourselves an opiate and lay week, and were in fact the worst-­ in value. all our problems at the door of defense lowest reserves since 1939. The Presi­ spending." dent's promises in the state of the Union Third, we must take immediate steps . At the heart of our national finances is a did not eventuate in the budget message, to encourage our industrial power to simple, inescapable fact, easily grasped by . or the tax message, for that matter. compete in world markets. This means anyone. It is that our Government--any applying our antitrust laws equally, as government--like individuals and families­ The Treasury's monetary gold stock much to labor monopolies as to business. cannot spend and continue to spend more declined $50 million in the week ended It meahs serious consideration by the than they take in without inviting disaster. January 9. As a result, Treasury gold labor unions or else by this Congress of With governments, continued deficit spend­ stocks on that day were $15,928 million, curbing production costs. ing inevitably leads to debasement of cur­ the lowest total since May 1939. Again this administration almost .rency. A dollar is only as valuable and Our gold stocks are almost $1 billion shamefully has avoided this issue. The reliable in the eyes of others as it is to us. lower than they were a year ago. longshoreman's strike is a case in point. I think he has cited some of the The drain on the Treasury's gold re­ One union managed to tie up our entire dangers which the gentleman from Mis­ serves results mainly from sales of gold export-import business, caused the loss souri · has reviewed today. If we can to foreign governments and central of jobs everywhere in the country, and keep this effort on the basis that those banks in settlement of a continuing deft­ did something not even the President of of us who believe sound :financing is the cit in the U.S. balance of payments. the United States could do. And our only way to run a government and also That deficit is the amount by which U.S. President in turn appointed an ad hoc ke.ep it in a bipartisan framework, we committee which virtually gave an ulti­ are going to get somewhere with it. I expenditures in foreign countries exceed matum to the shipping industry to ac­ :find back home that the people believe receipts from abroad. cept another inflationary settlement. there is no policy liberal that is not In spite of the rosy imagery .c)f the What a noble, stirring gesture. sound. New Frontier, ·u.s. exports rose only 2 As the gentleman from Missouri has Mr. CURTIS. I thank the gentleman percent last year· while imports were said so well-"The impact of a planned for his remarks, and wish to say this: climbing 10 percent. deficit is serious," and this body under If we are going to move forward on the In the last 5 years, almost $7 billion its constitutional requirements and pre­ basis of what I think is fiscal responsi­ in gold has left Fort Knox. rogatives must stop all pretense, analyze bility. we need a good chunk of votes on CIX--105 1650 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 4 the Democrat side of the aisle. But I However, the process of examining into secure its redistribution in favor of the would point out, not in the way of warn­ the new theories should be thorough; and poorer classes. Ten years later he ing-that is not the word I want; I do should include all the basic premises brought out "The Theory of Idle Re­ not know what word to use, but just which the New Frontier economists have sources," an analysis of concepts of un­ point out-let us leave it that way-that been developing so carefully over a period employment and their significance. A this is a Democratic-controlled Congress. of years. new book titled "Non-Keynesian Eco­ If we do pursue this novel fiscal policy, These premises have been stated and nomics-a Restatement," is planned for recommended by President Kennedy, restated and echoed back and forth so publication in early 1963. this question in my judgment should be often by their supporters, creating such Dr. Hutt lists and discusses some of the a basic issue in the 1964 elections. The a din that they act surprised to find that stereotypes of the Kennedy arrogants, people in the long run must resolve these they have not been accepted and that progressive taxation, the profit motive, basic points, all we in Congress can do they are being called upon to bring out competition, exploitation of labor, full is to draw the issues. their working papers to establish their employment, and property. Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Speaker, I truth. On property Dr. Hutt says in contra­ ask unanimous consent to extend my re­ Is the economy tired and sluggish or diction of the arguments used by the marks at this point in the RECORD and is it experiencing growing pains? Will arrogants to further their theory of the include extraneous matter. increased consumer purchasing power desirability of Government property The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there result in increased consumer demand? holdings: objection to the request of the gentleman Is the unused plant capacity essentally It is when the ownership of resources be­ from Iowa? idle or obsolete? Is the primary cause of comes vested in the state and that these There was no objection. relatively high rate unemployment fric­ resources are likely to be used, not for the Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Speaker, I tional and structural, or weak consumer benefit of the community as such, but rather want to join in commending the gentle­ demand? for the benefit of relatively small groups that man from Missouri [Mr. CuRTis] for his are able to maintain a number of politicians These are just some of the issues that in omce. fine, timely, and erudite statement on should be examined into, discussed and public finance. Mr. Speaker, I have debated. But these are the very points I hope the general public and individ­ said privately and publicly many times on which the Kennedy professors wish us ual Congressmen will be encouraged to that the gentleman from Missouri knows to assume their conclusions as true as a withstand the intellectual browbeating more about public finance and tax phi­ matter of faith and not reason. they are being subjected to. Rest as­ losophy than any Member of Congress. I have placed in the CONGRESSIONAL sured there are many scholars and We are indeed fortunate to have such RECORD over a period of several years thinkers on the other side. The issue a well-qualified man to speak so well and some of the treatises of distinguished shall not go by default based upon blind effectively on this subject. scholars which seek to refute many of faith in the wisdom of these 20th century Mr. Speaker, it is unfortunate that these basic premises. Dr. Arthur Burns promoters of medieval scholasticism. none of those who represent the adminis­ has successfully refuted the economic We were going to have a debate in spite tration's position were not on hand to gap theory which lies at the base of of them. enter into a public debate so that the much of the ideology of the Kennedy Let us have an end to this intellectual virtues and weaknesses of all proposi­ professors. Dr. Colin Clark refutes the arrogance of the Kennedy professors. If tions could be better brought to light and sluggish growth theory by exposing the they have a case let them advance the understood. I hope that in the future, techniques employed by those who arguments and facts which they believe when given the opportunity, all will be started this play of growthmanship. Dr. support their case, and those of us who on hand to hear a discussion of these Raymond Saulnier, Dr. Milton Fried­ disagree will put forward our points. matters and all propositions designed to man, Dr. Gabriel Hauge, among the Here follows Dr. W. H. Hutt's article: serve the public interest. many distinguished scholars have time A QUESTION OF STEREOTYPES I thank the gentleman and wish him and again revealed that the basic eco­ 1 good luck as he and others attempt to (By W. H. Hutt ) nomic premises upon which the novel President Kennedy recently made ~ plea for get all the facts in the record, both in· theories advanced by the Kennedy ad­ disenthralling ourselves from "truisms and the committee and on the House floor. ministration are in error. stereotypes" of the distant past in order The Kennedy professors obviously do better to address ourselves to the problems of not want discussion and debate. They the present. This is a laudable sentiment, ECONOMIC STEREOTYPES AND yet much depends on exactly what ideas are INTELLECTUAL ARROGANCE pretend, and their claque in the report­ ing profession help keep up the pre­ in question. The President belittled fears Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, I ask of unbalanced budgets and the grqwing role tense, that no intellectual or scholar government tends to play in economic affairs. unanimous consent to extend my remarks disagrees with them. There being no But are such fears unfounded? l.re men at this point in the RECORD and include disagreement, the poor dumb people just the victims of "sterotypes" when they oppose extraneous matter. need instruction to get rid of their direct government interference in the price The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there puritanicaf traditions of thrift and system? Is it a species of "mythology" to objection to the request of the gentleman hard work which shackle them and pre­ believe that the community is best served from Missouri? vent our society from moving at once by a government of rule and law as con­ There was no objection. trasted to government by discretionary au­ into this realm of heaven on earth. thority? Surely there is a distinction be­ Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, President I am placing in the RECORD an article tween irrelevant "truisms" and the endur- Kennedy and his entourage of New Fron­ written by another distinguished scholar, tier professors finding themselves unable Dr. W. H. Hutt, who disagrees with the 1 The writer of the accompanying essay is to marshal popular support for their fundamental premises of the Kennedy professor of commerce and dean of the novel economic ideas of spending our­ arrogants. This article, entitled "A faculty of commerce at the University of selves rich and cutting taxes to cut Question of Stereotypes," appeared in Cape Town, South Africa, and has recently deficits have resorted to the technique Fortune magazine in August 1962. been lecturing in the United States. He of intellectually browbeating the public. Dr. Hutt is professor of commerce and has been participating in the "serious dia­ logue" of economic and political discussion The theme is that anyone who dis­ dean of the faculty of commerce at the ever since he entered the London School of agrees with the new theories is too dumb, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Economics in 1919. In 1930 he published too provincial or too arrogant to under­ and has recently been lecturing in the his pioneering classic, "The Theory of Collec­ stand. As a matter of fact the arro­ United States. He has been participating tive Bargaining," in which he argued that gance and the unwillingness to think is in the serious dialog of economic and labor unions, while reducing the total prod­ basically on the side of the New Fron­ political discussion ever since he en­ ·uct of industry, failed to secure its redis­ tiersmen. There are many scholars and tered the London School of Economics tribution in favor of the poorer classes. Ten Congressmen who are perfectly willing, years later he brought out "The Theory of in 1919. IIi 1930 he published his pio­ Idle Resources,'' an analysis of concepts of in fact anxious, to examine into the novel neering classic, "The Theory of Col­ unemployment and their significance. A new theories advanced by the President and lective Bargaining," in which he argued book titled "Non-Keynesian Economics--a his advisers to see where·~they might be that labor unions, while reducing the Restatement" is planned for publication in right and where they might be in error. total product of industry, failed to early 1963. 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--- HOUSE 1651 ing truths that men have painfully. arrived munity's. resources-) is a - loss . . Any realized powerful unions. all too .frequently push at regarding the nature and maintenance of excess above interest (resulting from wise or, wages to a level which must ultimately cre­ the good society. . lucky decisions) is profit. . ate unemployment unless the Government The real and dangerous stereotypes today, The constantly expressed view that the resorts tp inflation. Thus the whole com- I submit, are certain highly popular notions entrepreneurial incentive so described (as mu-nity is penalized. · . that in effect constantly aggrandize govern­ distinct from the necessarily imperfect wis­ The stereotype of labor exploitation rests ment by impairing the free-market system dom, or power to predict, of those subject on the false idea that it is employers · or of economy. These ideas, new in dress but to the incentive) can be a source of insta­ stockholders who pay wages. Consumers old and stale in origin, have been endorsed bility or discoordination in the economy is pay wages. If the price of leather rises the by many economists, especially those who preposterous. And .it is gross misrepresen-. price of shoes will almost certainly advance. are influential in advising governments; they tation to suggest that institutions which If the price of labor going into shoes, ad­ have been propagated by the press; and have been framed . to permit the profit sys­ vances, the priqe of shoes is likely to go they have ·even influenced some business­ tem· to function have been designed for the. up for exactly the same reason. It is uni­ men. Precisely because he is busy, the busi­ protection of the wealthy. The accumulation versally recognized that indirect taxes are nessman tends to take on authority the cli­ of productive capacity through the plowing regressive--i.e., they tend to burden the ches he hears reiterated. When he thinks he back of profits, whether by the individual lower income groups more, in proportion, is taking a broadminded, progressive, en­ or the corporation, has been essential for the than the higher. But when collective bar­ lightened, or public-spirited view, he is all emergence of the modern world with its rap­ gaining, State-fixed wage rates, and price too often reflecting quiet, gradual indoc­ idly rising living standards. Yet the public supports of other kinds rais.e pri~es above the trination of which he has been wholly un­ still tends to. regard the process as an in­ values the market would establish, the ef­ conscious. My purpose here is not to set herently sordid one, and the businessman fect is even more powerfully regressive. forth in detail the principles of the free himself is often not without some feeling of There is an astonishing· blindness to this society, but in brief space to challenge head­ guilt about the matter. To break down pop­ truth even in academic circles. on some of the more popular fallacies now ular misconceptions on this point we should, Managers and owners have, therefore, a in vogue. I think, always emphasize that the profit sys­ duty · to protect the public from unjustift­ Progressive taxation: The acquiescence of tem is inherently one of profit and loss; and ably high prices for particular kinds of work. many people, sometimes including business­ that its purpose is basically to insure the In virtually every great industrial dispute, men themselves, in a system of progressive use of the country's resources in accordance the true parties in conflict are labor and taxation rests on two misapprehensions: with the public's will. the public, not labor and management. First, that progression in the tax system is Competition: Just as many public utter­ While the legal responsib111ty of managers is just; second, that it is necessary to raise ances about profits are misinformed or wool­ to the shareholders, they are essentially em­ revenues adequate to cover the enormous ly, so with the larger concept of the com­ ployees of the consumer. The current text­ outlays most Western governments are mak­ petitive market. Businessmen themselves books on industrial and personnel relations· ing. In fact, progression is 'iiscriminatory often talk about "healthy" competition, im­ are seriously defective on this vital point. and incentive ·· destroying, and this com­ ply~ng that just so much of it is good, but The case for industrial discipline has its pounds the 111 effects of the tax burden on that if carried too far competition becomes origin in consumers' sovereignty. Few of our economic growth and savings. No orie would "wasteful" or "cutthroat" or "cruel" or young executives in training have this truth think of defending · a wage system wherein "ruthless." But those who talk this way are brought home to them. I know most of the factory employees were paid at progressively never able to tell us just how much competi­ textbooks in this field. Any awareness of declining rates for overt_ime. Yet this is the tion is good, and how much is bad, and in the simple yet crucial fact I am stressing setup in which we have acquiesced for the effect they open the door wide to discretion­ is virtually absent in all of them. net remuneration of the most vital employ­ ary and arbitrary Government regulation of Businessmen ought also to recognize and· ees in our economy-executives, entrepre­ the business system. be able to defend the positive role the com­ neurs, and large segments of the middle In a free market as opposed to a planned petitive pricing of labor plays in a coordi­ class. Of course, businessmen and managers economy, the consumer is given sovereign nated economic system. Ethical principles are activated in par.t by nonmonetary in­ power to vote for certain economic ends. cannot determine the socially desirable rela­ centives. Yet why have we come to tolerate Producers respond to that vote in search of tive prices of carrots, turnips, and parsnips, and to regard as just a system that yields a profit reward; and competition between Neither can they determine the socially positive disincentives to work and creative producers insures the constant substitu­ desirable relative wage rates and salaries of effort? It can be shown that progressive tion of the least-cost method of production. laborers, mechanics, executives, and entre­ rates of taxation raise relatively little addi­ It is hard to see how competition, so defined, preneurs-in an industry. These matters are tional revenue and that they encourage both can be "wasteful," though it may be pain­ best settled by the free market, which tends tax avoidance and illegal tax evasion-which ful to producers or industries that are elimi­ to apportion rewards in relation to the value are now rife in most countries. Should we nated in the process. Yet much of the pain of a man's contribution (whether through· not emphasize more effectively the moral attributed to competition is, I suspect, due personal services or through property) to the harm that this entails as well as its enor­ common pool of output. mous ·administrative cost? Should we. not, to prolonged efforts to avoid it. If a. country has long had a protective tariff, or 1f farm The enlargement of total output, and indeed, stop talking about "progressive" prices have been subject to prolongt1d gov­ hence of real wages and incomes, depends taxation altogether and stress the point that ernment support as in the United States, in the last analysis on thrift and technical it is those who favor the present discrimi­ then· of course the elimination of the tar11I progress. Now such progress in a particular natory system who are--quite unwittingly­ industry creates no justification for a rfse the reactionaries? or the support will cause pain. Yet__ this. is only to say that if we try to walk on stilts in the remuneration of those employed in The profit motive: The stereotype here is we may fall and cause harm, not only to that industry. It should, under competitive that, while "profits" are all very well in their ourselves, but to others. Gravity is not apt conditions, lead to a cut in price of the way (for they help pay the Government's to hurt the one who walks on the surface product in question, which in tum releases bills) they should nevertheless be subject purchasing power and demand for other to some kind of limit or self-restraint. Yet of the earth. The great virtues of the competitive mar­ products. This enlarges the total market no one has ever enunciated unambiguous for goods and services, and causes the criteria for· determining what percentage of ket are, :first, its democratic character, and, second, its inherent impartiality; It is as remuneration of those engaged in other in­ profits on an investment is "legitimate" and dustries to increase. This is the meaning of what is "excessive." Sometimes we get the class blind as it is race blind. Why has no ghetto developed in the United States'! Say's famous law of markets. As I like to idea that stockholders ought to share profits express it, that law states that the demand with labor. But once again, no principles for Fundamentally because, in the past, the free market has been allowed to function effec­ for any commodity or service arises out of sharing have ever been suggested. the supply of noncompeting commodities or The curious thing is that profl. ts in their tively. Why has apartheid persisted in South Africa? Because various government services. And it is saving plus technical in­ strict sense form that ·part-of income which novation and invention that increases total. can never be "too high" from the standpoint measures have excluded the nonwhite peo­ ple from the economic opportunities that supply and hence demand . . of the collective interest of the community; Full employment: This stereotype stands For profits are the evanescent reward of competitive capitalism was trying to provide for them. The market in South Africa. has on its head a major purpose of the good wisdom. in prediction and the risks under­ society, which is not to create more work but taken by those who bring together various been colorblind. The state has been color· conscious. . to maximize the output of goods and serv­ factors of production (labor, materials, and ices from which jobs and employment op­ capital) to satisfy the market -demand for Exploitation of labor: It is frequently portunities follow. E.very potent invention goods ·and · services. A firm replaces or ac­ alleged that the competitive market is ex­ or managerial ingenuity is potent because it cumulates inventories or capital resources­ ploitative of labor. in the absence of trade­ is in one sense employment-destroying, i.e., of any kind, in com"Qination, up to the· point union pressures. Of course, ·collective bar­ because it enables a given product to be at which the prospective yield from any gaining is administratively inevitable in this p,-oduland_ ------34.84 55.52 Detroit______-----__ 48.57 74.48 53 Paschal Sherman, Ph. D., Vice Chairman tarian approach to Indian a:f!airs con­ Seattle __ ------18.60 28.51 53 of the Veterans' Administration Disability tribute to his stature in this field. Al­ Polley Board, Compensation and Pension though Paschal has been away from the NOTE.-It is not alwayc; valid to compare one city's Service, has announced his retirement ef­ Colville Reservation many years, he has property tax with that of another. Some cities rely fective December 22 after nearly 44 years kept an active interest in tribal a:f!airs heavily on otber revenue sources. Al<>o, ftmctions per­ with the VA. In addition to his central formed by city governments differ. office assignments, he held positions in the and given assistance to his tribesmen Source: U.S. Census Bureau. first district office in Seattle and in the when it was solicited. Indeed, many Boise regional office. Besides degrees in law, times Paschal has taken up his pen to he holds the degree of doctor of philosophy clarify and point out Indian issues which DR. PASCHAL SHERMAN in constitutional history from the Catholic needed to be examined in the interest Mr. BEERMANN. Mr. Speaker, I ask University of America, Washington, D.C. of justice and fairplay, and he has been He is a member of the bar of the State of an advocate of the Indian's right of free unanimous consent that the gentleman Washington. Dr. Sherman is proud of his from Washington [Mr. HoRAN] may ex­ American heritage-a full-blooded Indian of choice in determining his own destiny. tend his remarks at this point in the the Chelan Tribe of Washington. Dr. Sher­ In addition to his many activities at RECORD and include extraneous matter. man was one of VA's earliest adjudication the national level, Paschal Sherman has The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there officers. He later traveled the Nation in found time to counsel young American objection to the request of the gentleman field supervision and was responsible for Indians about their future. He has from Nebraska? early issues of claims service regulations and urged them to grasp the opportunities proCedural manuals. For the most pro:t his available to them for an education and There was no objection. assignments have involved policy work. He Mr. HORAN. Mr. Speaker, too often plans to do considerable traveling, but his to live up to their fullest potential. Yet, in this huge Government of ours, the permanent home will be in the District of in striving to attain their fullest devel­ career of a distinguished civil servant Columbia.. · opment, he has reminded young Indians never to lose sight of the national Indian comes to its end unnoticed by all except At a gala luncheon in his honor, Dr. his immediate associates. With this fact problem and to work as much as possible Sherman was presented on December 13 to alleviate it. in mind, I would like to salute all of the with ·the award of a VA certificate of retiring Government careerists who have commendation: Dr. Sherman's complete biography ap­ finished their work after long years of pears in Indians of Today, a Who's Who In recognition of his outstanding devotion of American Indians compiled as a source unselfish giving to better America. to duty and faithful service in the Federal I would like to illustrate the type of Government for more than 43 years. As of information for Indians throughout person so worthy by briefly citing the a loyal, dependable, and efficient employee of the country. He is an active member of career of Dr. Paschal Sherman, a full­ the Veterans' Administration, having served the American Bar Association, the Fed­ blooded Colville Indian, who retired De­ as one of its 'first adjudication officers, his eral Bar Association, the National Law­ cember 22, 1962, after nearly 44 years of efforts have been of inestimable value to the yer.s Club, and the Kenwood Golf and service with the Veterans' Administra­ compensation and pension program. Country Club. tion. I hope that other retirees will hear I have long been aware of Paschal's Mr. Speaker, it is with especial grati­ of this speech and will know that it is notable career in the Veterans' Admin­ fication that I salute Paschal Sherman meant to honor them, too. istration. I know he has contributed a upon his retirement from Government. The grandparents and parents of this great deal in pioneer work and in basic It is my hope that American Indians distinguished constituent of mine were philosophy on disability rating. It is throughout the country will now have well acquainted with my own parents in interesting to note· that, as though in more fully the benefit of his counsel the Wenatchee Valley of Washington anticipation of the Monte Durham rule State. It was my privilege to attend on insanity in the District of Columbia. Wenatchee high school with Paschal's he was the moving spirit in the establish­ NATIONAL ACTORS' EQUITY WEEK brother, Paul, and to be a teammate ment of a VA regulation on September Mr: BEERMANN. Mr. Speaker, I ask with him on that high school's athletic 6, 1949, for a finding of mental unsound­ unanimous consent_that the gentleman teams. Paul later graduated from Wil- ness in suicide cases on the basis of from New York [Mr. LINDSAY] may ex- 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1655 tend his remarks at this point in the Hazel Dawn, and other stars of the day can they find an employer willing to hire RECORD and include extraneous matter. joined the picket line. them due to their age and physical or The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Equity achieved recognition and quick­ mental impairment. The result is that objection to the request of the gentleman ly proved itself to be a union with a many of our citizens suffer undue hard­ from Nebraska? difference by being the first American ship and are forced to turn to welfare There was no objection. union to incorporate the principle of agencies for assistance. Mr. LINDSAY. Mr. Speaker, I have, arbitration of all disputes covered by the It is my hope, Mr. Speaker, that it today, introduced a resolution which contract. As a union, Equity can boast will be possible to secure the enactment commemorates a most important event another distinction: While achieving of my bill at this session of the Congress. in the history of the American theater. greater financial benefits, better working If enacted, it will do much to alleviate This resolution designates the week of conditions, and improved job security for what I sincerely believe to be an inequity May 20-26 as National Actors' Equity its members, it has, with the exception of existing in our present Social Security Week in recognition of the fact that on the 1919 strike and a 1-week blackout 1n Act. May 26, 1913, Actors Equity Association 1961, maintained peaceful labor rela­ was founded by distinguished members tions within the American theater. SCHOLARSHIP AWARDS TO STU­ of the American theatrical profession. As president of Actors Equity, Mr. Ralph Bellamy has stated: DENTS OF MEDICINE AND DEN­ From that time to the persent, Equity TISTRY has been a champion of the interests of We are aware of our responsibility to so­ the American actor, a source of strength ciety, to the theater and to ourselves • • • Mr. HANNA. Mr. Speaker, I ask for the American stage, and a leader in and we have done our best to build and unanimous consent that the gentleman the evolution of the performing arts maintain a dignified position for the actor from Rhode Island [Mr. FOGARTY] may throughout our Nation. in the American theater. extend his remarks at this point in the · Mr. Speaker, I am not one to ask that Mr. Speaker, because Actors Equity has RECORD and include extraneous matter. this Congress indiscriminately employ so brilliantly borne the responsibilities The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there its powers to accord honor and recogni­ enunciated by Mr. Bellamy and because objection to the request of the gentleman tion. But when an organization has it has truly earned a position of leader­ from California? contributed as much to a vital American ship among the great institutions of the There was no objection. institution as Equity has done with re­ American performing arts, I commend to Mr. FOGARTY. Mr. Speaker, for the gard to the theater, I believe it fully this House the resolution which I have third consecutive Congress I am appear­ deserves whatever acknowledgments we submitted so that we may honor Equity ing before this body to introduce a bill may bestow. on its 50th anniversary. to provide Federal assistance to the Actors Equity Association has been States in awarding scholarships to stu­ rightfully referred to as the union with dents of medicine and dentistry. a difference. Equity's 13,000 members DISABILITY BENEFITS UNDER THE This bill complements legislation SOCIAL SECURITY ACT which I introduced in the House last range from the unknown ingenues in the Thursday-a bill to authorize Federal chorus to the stars whose names are The SPEAKER pro tempore

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Govern­ House Document No. 445, with foreword by tee, Detroit, 1933, 81 pages. ment Printing Offi.ce, Washington, 1955, 36 Lev E. Dobriansky; Government Printing Of­ "Brest-Litovsk, Peace Conference, 1917- 18. pages. fice, Washington, D.C., 1960; 44 pages. (Proceedings of the Brest-Litovsk Peace Con­ "Concentration Camps in the U.S.S.R.," by "Experience With Russia,'' by Vasyl Hrysh­ ference. The peace negotiations between the Supreme Ukrainian Liberation Council ko, published by the Ukrainian Congress Russia and the Central Powers, Nov. 21, 1917, (UHVR) in Ukraine. The Prolog Research Committee of America, New York, 1956, 176 to Mar. 3, 1918). Government Printing Of­ and Publishing Association and Association pages. fice, Washington, D.C., 1918, 187 pages. of Friends for the Liberation Movement in "'Extirpation of Urkainians in Poland," "Brief Outline of Ukrainian History," by Ukraine, New York-Philadelphia, 1952, 23 published by the Central Executive Commit­ Joseph Bilous, Corona Publishers, Detroit, pages, 1llustrated map. tee of the Representatives of Ukrainian Re­ 1955, 24 pages, illustrated. "Control of the Arts in the Communist fugee Organizations in Czechoslovakia, Pra­ "Brief Survey of Ukrainian Literature," by Empire." Consultation with the Committee gue, 1930, 26 pages, illustrated. Arthur Prudden Coleman, the Ukrainian Uni­ on On-American Activities. By Ivan P. J!' versity Society, New York, 1936, 23 pages. Bahriany. House of Representatives, 86th "Facts About Ukraine," published by the "British View on the Ukrainian Question," Congress, 1st session. Government Printing Pan-American Ukrainian Conference, New by Arnold Jos. Toynbee, the Ukrainian Fed­ Offi.ce, Washington, 1959, 24 pages. York, 1950, 21 pages, map. eration of the U.S.A., New York, 1916, 16 "Conversational Ukrainian," by Yar Sla­ "Fall of Postyshev, The," by Hryhory Ko­ pages. vutych, Gateway Press, Edmonton, 1959, 368 stiuk, the Research Program on the U.S.S.R., c pages. New York, 1954, 25 pages. "Canadian Cossack Essays, Articles and "Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales," by "Famine in Ukraine,'' published by the Stories on Ukrainian Canadian Life,'' by Wil­ Robert Nisbet Bain, A. H. Bullen, London, United Ukrainian Organization in New York, liam Paluk, Canadian Ukrainian Review Pub­ 1902, 390 pages, illustrated. New York, 1934, 32 pages. lishing Co., Winnipeg, 1943, 103 pages. "Crime of Khrushchev, The, Part II," Com­ "Famine in the Ukraine, The," published "Captive Nations, The: Nationalism of the mittee on On-American Activities, Consulta­ by the Executive Committee of the Ukrain­ Non-Russian Nations in the Soviet Union,'' tions, September 9-11, 1959, compiled and ian Social Democratic Party, Berlin, 1923, by Roman Smal-Stocki, with a preface by edited by L. E. Dobriansky, Government 23 pages. Lev E. Dobrlansky, Bookman Associates, New Printing Offi.ce, Washington, D.C., 1959, 69 "Few Refiections on Ukrainian Music Un­ York, 1960, 118 pages. pages. der Soviet Rule, A," by ::ryhory Kytasty, "Captive Nations Week, July 17- 23, 1960," "Crimes of Moscow in Vinnytsia, The," by East European Fund, New York, 1954. by Dr. Lev E. Dobriansky, Chairman, pub­ John F. Stewart, published by the Scottish "First Victims of Communism, White Book lished by Captive Nations Committee, Wash­ League for European Freedom, Edinburgh, on the Religious Persecution in Ukraine." ington, D.C., 1960, 16 pages. 1952, 30 pages. Published by Analecta O.S.B.M., Rome, 1953, "Case for the Independence of Eastern D 114 pages, illustrated, map. Galicia, The," published under the authority "Dance of Death,'' by Erich Kern, Charles "500 Ukrainian Martyred Women,'' by of the President of the Ukrainian National Scribners Sons, New York, 1951, 255 pages. Stephania Halychyn. The United Ukrain­ Council, London, 1922, 71 pages. "Death and Devastation on the Curzon ian Women's Organizations of America, Inc., "Case of the New Republics of Estonia, Line,'' by Walter Dushnyck, published by illustrated, map. New York, 1956, 1,959 Latvia, Lithuania and Ukraine, The," by the the Ukrainian Congress Committee of Amer­ pages. League of Estonians, Letts, Lithuanians, and ica, 1948, 32 pages. "Folk Art of Carpatho-Ukraine," by Emilie Ukrainians of America. Published by the "Demographic Problems of Ukrainians in Ostapchuk (ed.). published by Philip First Congress of the League, New York, 1919, Exile,'' by Volodymyr Kubiyuvych, the Shev­ Ostapchuk, Toronto, 1957, 152 pages, illus­ 15 pages. chenko Scientific Society, Munich, 1949, 16 trated, part in color, 42 plates. "Case Study of the Ukrainian Apparatus, pages. "Foreign Relations of the United States. A,'' by John Alexander Armstrong, Frederick "Destruction of Ukrainian Monuments of Diplomatic Papers, the Conference of Yalta, A. Praeger, New York, 1959, 174 pages. Art and Culture Under the Soviet Russian 1945,'' U.S. Department of State, Government "Catalogue of the First Exhibition: Paint­ Administration, 1917-57," by Volodymyr Printing Offi.ce, Washington, D.C., 1955. ing, Prints, Sculpture,'' by Association of Sichynsky, published by the Ukrainian Con­ "Foreign Relations of the United States. Ukrainian Artists in New York, the Ukraini­ gress Committee of America, New York, 1958, Diplomatic Papers, the Soviet Union, 1933- an Art and Literary Club, New York, 1952. 122 pages, illustrated. 39," U.S. Department of State, Government "Catalogue of the Third Art Exhibition: "Development of Research of Fauna of Printing Offi.ce, Washington, D.C., 1952. Painting, Prints, Sculpture," by Ukrainian Vertebrate of West Ukraine," by Edward ''Forgotten Nation, The," by M. A. Biggs, Artists Association in the U.S.A., the Zarsky, the Ukrainian Technical Institute, London, 1886, 29 pages. Ukrainian Art and Literary Club, New York, New York, 1958, 16 pages. "Forgotten Peace-Brest Litovsk, The,'' by 1955, 22 pages, illustrations. "Documents of Ul(tainian Foreign Policy,'' John W. Wheeler-Bennet, William Morrow, "Cathedral of St. Sophia in Kiev, The," .bY by the Ukra~nian National Council, published New York, 1939, 478 pages, illustrated. Olexa Povstenko, published by the Ukrain­ by the Information Service of the Executive "Free Press of the Suppressed Nations, ian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the Committee of the Ukrainian Nation! Coun­ cil, Augsburg, 1949, 16 pages. The," by Roman Ilnytzkyj, published by the U.S.A., New York, 1954, 466 pages, lllustra­ Association of the Free Press of Central and tions. "Documents on British Foreign Policy, 1914-39,'' published by H.M. Stationery Offi.ce, Eastern Europe, Augsburg, 1950, 87 pages, "Catholics of the Byzantine-Slavonic Rite 1949 (see pp. 308-909, vol. III). illustrated. and Their Divine Liturgy," by Ambrose Seny­ "Freedom Commission and Freedom Acad­ shyn, published by the Ukrainian Catholic "The Dying Ukrainian," by Patrick Horwat, Bodley Head, London, 1953, 207 pages. emy," hearings, Senate Committee on the Seminary, Stamford, Conn., 1946, 44 pages, Judiciary. (Statement by Lev E. Dobrlan­ illustrations. E sky), Government Printing Offi.ce, Washing­ "Celebration of 43d Anniversary of "East and East Central Europe Periodicals ton, D.C., 1959, 181 pages. Ukraine's Independence in U.S. Congress," in English and Other West European Lan­ "From a Political Diary: Russia, the compiled by L. E. Dobriansky, Government guages." by U.S. Library of Congress, Slavic Ukraine and America, 1905-45," by Arnold 1963 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD- HOUSE 1659 L D. Margolin, Columbia Univers~ty Press, New session. Committee on Foreign Affairs, York, 1946, 250 pages. House of Representatives. Special subcom­ "Leap to Freedom," by Oksana S. ·Kasen­ "From Florence to Brest, 1439_-1596,N by mittee. Government Printing Office, Wash­ kina, J. B. Lippincott, · New York, 1949. oscar Halecki, Fordham UD:iversity Press, ington, D.C., 1953, 112 pages. "Life of st. Josaphat," by Theodosia Bore­ New York, 1960; 444 page5. House Joint Resolution 311: U.S. ·congress, sky, Press Co., New York, 1955, 382 pages: 86th 1st sessio'n. House of Representatives, "List of Ukrainian Terminological DiC­ G . Mar~h 17, 1959. (Joint resolution author­ tionaries Available in the United States and "Genetic Relationship and Classification of izing the erection of a statue of Taras Shev­ Canada," by Mykhailo Pezhansky, New York, Ukrainian Ritual Songs," by Alexander chenko on public grounds in the District of 1955, 66 pages. Koshetz, published by the Ukraini~ ~ul­ Columbia. Authored by L. E. Dobriansky, "Literary Politics in the Soviet Ukraine, tural and Educational Center, W1nmpeg, sponsored by Hon. Alvin Bentley, and en­ 1917-34," by George S. N. Luckyj, Columbia 1943, 13 pages; illustrations. acted as Public Law 86-749, September 1960). University Press, New York, 1956, 323 pages. "Genocide Convention, The," hearings, House Joint Resolution 369: U.S ~ Congress, "Love Ukraine," by Volodymyr Sosiura, senat e Committee on Foreign Relations 65th, 3d session (Congressman Hamill , Free· World Pub.li­ r~ssia. Hearings. U.S . . Congress, . 83d, 1st Nations, New York, 1959,.56 pages. ~ · · · cation Co., Toronto, 1951, 72 pages. 1660 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 4 "Mus in Prison, The." By Yar Slavutych. "Polish Atrocities in the Western Ukraine," Introduced by Hon. THOMAS J. DODD, of Con­ S.voboda Printing Co., Jersey City, N.J., 1956, an appeal to the League of Nations for the necticut, in U.S. Congress, 84th, 2d session, 62 pages, illustrations. rights of man and citizen, by Wladimir April 23, 1955, House Resolution 482, Wash­ "Music Under the Soviets: the Agony of an Kushnir. Gerald & Co., Vienn~=t, 1931, 72 ington, D.C. Art." By Andrey V. Olkhovsky. Frederick pages, illustrations and map. "Resolution To Express Senate Disapproval A. Praeger. New York, 1955, pages 243-261. "Polish Atrocities in Ukraine," by Emil of Anti-Christian Terror and Persecution by (For Research Program of the U.S.S.R., No. Reviuk, published by the U:q.ited Ukrainian Communists of the Ukrainian Christians." 11.) Organizations, New York, 1931, 512 pages, Introduced by Han. HUBERT H. HUMPHREY in "My Songs. A Selection of Ukrainian illustrations and map. U.S. Senate (84th Cong., 2d sess.), Senate Folksongs in English Translations." By J. "Polish Terror in the Province of Eastern Resolution 189, on January 20, 1956, Wash­ Dziobko. Ukrainian Canadian Pioneer's Li­ Galicia-Western Ukraine," by Yaroslav ington, D.C. brary. Winnipeg, 1958, 102 pages. Portfolio Qhemerensky, published by United Amer­ "Russia and Her Colonies," by Walter (series No. 2). ican-Ukrainian Citizens' Organizations of Kolarz. Frederick A. Praeger, New York, N Philadelphia. Philadelphia, 1930, 8 pages. 1952, 335 pages. "Nationality Problem of the Soviet Union "Policy of Liberation as a Prerequisite for "Russian Communist Party and the and Russian Communist Imperialism, The." the Preservation of the Free World Aims, Sovietization of Ukraine, The: A Study in By Roman Smal-Stocki. With a preface by Formulation and Method of Implementa­ the Communist Doctrine of the Self-Deter­ Lev E. Dobriansky. Bruce Publishing Co., tion," by Mykola Lebed, published by the mination of Nations," by Jurij Borys, pub­ Milwaukee, 1952, 474 pages. Supreme Ukrainian Liberation Council, New lished by Kungl, Boktryckeriet P. A. Norstedt "National Problems in the U.S.S.R.," by York, 1953, 21 pages. & Saner, Stockholm, 1960, 374 pages. Oleh R. Martovych, published by the Scot­ "Political Policy o:!.' the Ukranian Congress "Russian Frenzy," by W. E. R. Piddington, tish League for European Freedoms, Edin­ Committee of America, Inc., The," by Lev Elek Books, London, 1955, 261 pages. burgh, 1953, 58 pages, map and tables. E. Dobriansky, published by the Ukrainian "Russia, Poland, and Ukraine," by Gustaf "Non-Russian Nations in the U.S.S.R., Fo­ Congress Committee of America, New York, Frederik Steffen, published by the Ukrain­ cal Points in American Policy of National 1950, 15 pages. ian National Council, Jersey City, N.J., 1915, Liberation," by Lev E. Dobriansky. In ex­ "Population of the Soviet Ukraine, The: 36 pages. tension of remarks of Hon. Brian McMahon, History and Prospects," by Frank Lorimer, "Russian Provisional Government and of Connecticut in the Senate of the United published by the League of Nations, Geneva, the Ukrainian National Movement, The," by States, May 15, 1952, 82d Congress, 2d ses­ 1946, 289 pages, illustrations. Walter Dushnyck. Reprint from the Ukrain­ sion, Government Printing Office, Washing­ "Problem -of Modern Ukranian Histori­ ian Quarterly, volume II, No. 4, and vol­ ton, D.C., 1952, eight pages. ography, The," by Mykola D. Chubatyj, New ume III, No. 3, Summer-Autumn, 1946, New York, 1944, 16 pages. York, 28 pages. 0 "Problems of the Ukraine, The," by Alex­ "Russian, Ukrainian, and Byelorussian "Qasis, Selected Poems," by Yar Sla­ ander Shulgin, translation from the French, Newspapers, 1917-53," by U.S. Library of vutych, the Vantage Press, New York, 1959, the Ukranian Press Bureau, London, 1919, Congress, Slavic and East European Divi­ 63 pages. 32 pages, frontispiece (port.), folded map. sion, compiled by Paul L. Horecky, Washing­ "One of the Fifteen Million." By Nicho­ ton, D.C., 1953, 218 pages. A union list. "Prohibition and Destruction of the las Prychodko. Little, Brown & Co., Boston, "Rus, Ukraine, Moscovy, Russia," by Marie 1952, 236 pages. . Ukranian Scientific Terminology by Soviet Strutinsky Gamba!, published by the "Outline of Ukrainian History." By Clar­ IIJ.!:oscow, the," by Roman Smal-Stocki, in­ Ukrainian Workingmen's Association, Scran­ ence A. Manning. Published by the Ukrain­ troduction to "A List of Dictionaries," 1918- ton, Pa., 1937, 23 pages, illustrations and map. 1933, the Ukranian Academy of Sciences in iEm Canadian Committee. Winnipeg, 1949, s 59 pages. Illustrated. Kiev, compiled by Alexander Gregorovich, "Our Ukrainian Background.'' By Marie Toronto, 1957. "Saga of Ukraine The,": "An Outline of S. Gamba!. Published by the Ukrainian "Protection of Minorities in Poland," peti­ History," volume I: "The Age of Royalty," by Workingmen's Association, Scranton, Pa., tion to the League of Nations concerning Myron B. Kuropas, Chicago, 1960, 63 pages. 1936, 31 pages. Illustrated, map. the Ukrainian minority in Poland and the "Selected List of Books on the Ukraine question of the establishment of an auton­ Published in English, French, German, and p omous regime in the territory known as Italian," U.S. Library of Congress, Washing­ "Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations Eastern Galicia; submitted by Members of ton, D.C., 1941, 13 pages, compiled by Sergius of the United States, 1918. Russia.'' By British Parliament and others in October Jacobson and Francis J. Whitfield. U.S. Department of State. Government 1932, London, 1933. · S. bill 2177. U.S. Senate, 71st Congress, Printing Office, 1932, three volumes. "Protest of the Ukrainian Republic to the 1st session. (Senator Copeland on Octo­ "Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations United States Against the Delivery of Eastern ber 30, 1929, proposed and on November 20, of the United States, 1919. Russia." By Galicia to Polish Domination," by Friends 1929, introduced this bill providing for the U.S. Department of State. Government of Ukraine, Washington, D.C., 1919, 16 pages. appointment of a diplomatic representative Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1937, three to the Ukrainian Democratic Republic), two R volumes. pages. "Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations "Recognition of Ukrainians in the U.S. Senate Joint Resolution 20: U.S. 86th Con­ of the United States, 1918. The World Census." Published by the Ukrainian Con­ gress, 1st session. (Joint resolution author­ War." By U.S. Department of State. Gov­ gress Committee of America, New York, 1960, izing the President to issue a proclamation ernment Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 7 pages. designating January 22 of each year as 1933, two volumes. "Readings in Ukrainian Authors," by C. H. Ukrainian Independence Day. Senator BusH "Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations Andrusyshen. Published by the Ukrainian and Senator JAVITS, January 20, 1959.) of the United States, 1919. The Paris Peace Canadian Committee, Winnipeg, 1949, 240 Senate Joint Resolution 111: U.S. 86th Conference." By U.S. Department of State. pages. Congress, 1st session. (Captive Nations Week Government Printing Office. Washington, "Red Assassins: A Factual Story Revealing Resolution, a joint resolution designating D.C., 1942, 11 volumes. How the Ukraine Lost Its Freedom," by third week of July as Captive Nations Week. "Peasant Europe." By Hessell H. Tilt­ Theodosy Oshmachka. T. S. Dennison & Co., Authored by Lev E. Dobriansky, originally man. Published by Harolds. London, 1934. Minneapolis, 1959, 375 pages. cosponsored by Han. PAUL H. DouGLAS and "Permanent Missions to the United Na­ "Red Book of the Persecuted Church, The," Han. JAcoB K. JAVITS, and enacted into Public tions." By the United Nations. New York, by Albert Gaiter. Newman Press, Westmin­ Law 86-90, July 1959.) June 1960, 148 pages. ster, Md., 1958, 391 pages. "Shevchenko, Taras, 1814-61. The Kob­ "Persecu:;ion and Destruction of the "Refugees Are People," by Walter Dush­ zar of the Ukraine," by Alexander Jardine Ukrainian Church by the Russian Bolshe­ nyck and William J. Gibbons, the American Hunter, selected poems translated into Eng­ viks," by Gregory Luznycky, Ph. D., pub­ Press, New York, 1947, 96 pages. lish with biographical fragments, published lished by the Ukrainian Congress Committee · "Religion Behind the Iron Curtain," by by A. J. Hunter, Teulon, 1922, 145 pages, of America, 1960, New York, 64 pages. George N. Shuster, Macmillan, New York, illustrations, port. "Petition of Minorities in Poland," peti­ 1954, 231 pages. "Shevchenko and the Jews," by Roman tion to the League of Nations concerning the "Report on the Polish-Ukrainian Conflict Smal-Stocki, published by the Shevchenko Ukrainian minority in Poland and the ques­ in Eastern Galicia," by James Barr and Rheys Scientific Society Study Center, Chicago, tion of the establishment of an autonomous J. Davies, House of Commons, London, Sep­ 1959, 11 pages, Shevchenko Scientific Society, regime in the territory known as Eastern tember 1931. Published by the United Inc., New York, paper No. 8. Galicia; submitted by Members of the 'British Ukrainian Organizations of Chicago and "Shevchenko and Women: Women in the Parliament and other persons, October 1_932, vicinity, 1931, 29 pages. Life and Works of Taras Shevchenko," by London, 1932. · "Republic of Ukraine, The," by Simon Lit­ Luke Myshuha, published by the Ukrainian "Pocket Dictionary of the Ukrainian-Eng­ man. Published by the War Committee of Press, Jersey City, N.J., 1940, 94 pages, lish and English-Ukrainian Languages,_ A," the U:niversity of Illinois, Urbana, 1919, 8 illustrations. by James N. Krett. 1931, 446 pages. pages. Ill us., ·map. · "Six Lyrics From Ruthenian (Ukrainian) "Poland: Key to Europe." By Raymond "Resolution To Express House Disapproval by Taras Shevchenko," by Ethel Lilian Leslie Buell. Alfred A. Knopf. New York, of Anti-Chl'istian Terror ahd Persecution by Voynich, translated by E. L. Voynich, pub­ 1939, 364 pages. Communists of the Ukrainian Christians." lished by E. Matthew, London, 1911, 64 pages. 1963 CONGRESSIONAL- RECORD - ·HOUSE 1661 "Slavic Europe/' by Rober.t Joseph Kerner. "Three Centuries of Struggle," addresses "Ukraine,"· a series of maps and explora­ A selected bibliography in Western European on the occasion of the 300th anniversary of tions indicating the historic and contem­ languages and literature, Harvard Univer­ the Treaty of Pereyaslav Between Ukraine porary geographical position of the Ukrain­ sity Press. Cambridge, 1918, 402 pages. and Russia, 1654-1954, published by the ian people, by George W. Simpson, Oxford "Slavonic Encyclopedia," by Joseph S. Ukrainian Canadian COmmittee, Winnipeg, ·University Press, London, 1941, 48 pages, Roucek, Philosophical Library, New York, 1954, 47 pages, illustrations, map. maps: Reprinted June 1942. New edition: 1949, 1445 pages. Editors of Ukrainian Sec­ "To the Civilized Nations of the World,'' "Augsburg, Ukrainska Knyha," 1946. tion: Nicholas D. Chubaty and Walter by the Committee of Independent · Ukraine "Ukraine: A Series of Seven Addresses," by Dushnyck. (See pp. 1325-1334, etc.). (signed by President M. Hrushevsky; Sec­ George W. Simpson, published by the "Songs of the Zaporozhsky Cossacks," by retary D. M. Lozynsky, at Paris, January 15, Ukrainian National Federation of Canada, National Ukrainian Folk Ensemble of Kiev, 1920). Saskatoon, 1939. 1958. "Trade With Ukraine," by Emil Reviuk, "Ukraine, The: A Submerged Nation," by "Songs of Ukraine," by F. R. Livesay, E. published by Friends of Ukraine, Washing­ William Henry Chamberlin, Macmillan, New P. Dutton & Co., New York, 1916, 175 pages. ton, D.C., 1920, 24 pages, illustrations, charts, York, 1944, 91 pages. "Songs of Ukraine, With Ruthenian map. "Ukraine and American Democracy," by Poems," by Florence R. Livesay, J. M. Dent "Traditional Ukrainian Cookery,'' by Sa ­ Luke Myshuha, published by Ukrainian or­ & Sons, Ltd., London, 1916, 175 pages. vella Stechishin, Trident Press, Ltd., Winni­ ganizations of the United States, New York, "Soviet Deportation o{ Nationalities, The,'' peg, 1957, 498 pages, illustrations. 1939, 32 pages. by R. Conquest, St. Martin's Press, New York, "Travels Through Holland, Flanders, Rus­ "Ukraine and Its People," by Hugh Pem­ 1960. sia, the Ukraine, and Poland, in the Years l::froke Vowels, W. & R. Chambers, London "Soviet Empire, The: Prison House of Na­ 1769-70," by Joseph Marshall, London, 1763; and Edinburgh, 1939, 224 pages. tions and Races; A· Study in Genocide, Dis.:. second edition, 1772; third edition, 1773~ · "Ukraine and Its People," a handbook by crimination, and Abuse of Power." Prepared fourth edition, 1774. Ivan Mirchuk, Ukrainian University Press, by the Legislative Reference Service of the "Treaty of Pereyaslav, The: The Ukrain­ Munich, 1949, 380 pages, illustrations, maps, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., Gov­ ians' 300 Years Fight Against the Perfidious tables. ernment Printing Office, 1958, 85th Congress, Moscow Ally," by John F. Stewart, published "Ukraine and Poland,'' a memorandum of 2d session, Senate Document No. 122, 72 by the Scottish League for European Free- the Ukrainian National Council to Dean pages, map. dom, Edinburgh, 1954. · Acheson, by Ukrainian ;N"ational Council, "Soviet Ukrainian Literature: A Study in "Treaty of Peace Signed at Brest-Litovsk published by the Ukrainian Information Bu­ Literary Politics, 1917-1934,'' by George Between the Central Powers and th~ Ukrain­ reau, Augsburg, 1951, 14 pages. S. N. Luckyj , Columbia University Press. ian People's Republic With the Supplemen­ "Ukraine and Russia,'' by Nicholas Pry­ New York, 1954, and University Microfilm, tary Treaty Thereto," H.M. Stationery Office, chodko, published by the Ukrainian Cana­ Ann Arbor, 1954, 336 leaves. London, 1918, Cd. 9105/XXVI, 763, London, dian Committee, Winnipeg, 1953, 22 pages. "Soviet Union, The: A New Despotic Em­ 1918, 31 pages. "Ukraine and Russia," a history of the eco­ pire," by Dmytro Soloviy, published by the "Truth About Poland, The,'' by V. Soborny nomic relations between Ukraine and Russia, Ukrainian Congress Committee of America, and W. Bukata. Published by Committee of 1654-1947, by Konstantin Kononenko, Mar­ New York, 1958. Protest Against Persecution of Ukrainians in quette University Press, Milwaukee, 1958, 257 "Spirit of Flame: A Collection of the Works Poland. New York, 1938, 15 pages, illustra­ pages. of Lesya Ukrainka,'' by Percival Cundy tions, map. "Ukraine and Russia: A Survey of Soviet (translation), Bookman Associates, New "Turkism and the Soviets," by Charles Russia's 20-Year Occupation of Eastern York, 1950, 320 pages, Portr. Warren Hostler. Frederick A. Praeger. New Ukraine,'' by Mykola Sciborsky, published by "Spirit of Independence, The: America and York, 1957, 244 pages. the Organization for the Rebirth of Ukraine, Ukraine," by Oscar L. Chapman, Govern­ "Twentieth Century Ukraine," by Clarence New York, 1940, 98 pages, illustrations, maps. ment Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1952. A. Manning. Bookman Associates, New York, "Ukraine and Russia: A Survey of Their "Spirit of Ukraine,'' by .D. Snowyd, pub­ 1951, 243 pages, map. Economic Relations,'' by Waldemar Timo­ lished by United Ukrainian Organizations of "Twenty Years of Devotion to Freedom," shenko, published by Friends of Ukraine, the United States, New York, 1935, 152 pages, survey of purposes and activities of the Washington, D.C., 1919, 16 pages. illustrations, ports, maps. Ukrainian Congress Committee of America "Ukraine and the Ukrainians,'' by Emil "Story of the Ukrainian Congress Commit­ on the 20th anniversary of its existence, Reviuk, published by Friends of Ukraine, tee of America, 1940-51, The," published by published by the Ukrainian Congress Com­ Washington, D.C., 1920, 20 pages, map. the Ukrainian Congress Committee of Amer­ mittee of America, New York, 1960, 104 pages. "Ukraine and the Ukrainians, The,'' by ica, Inc. New York, 1951, 64 pages, illus­ "Two Hundred and One Ukrainian Folk Stephn Rudnitksy, published by the Ukrain­ trations. Songs,'' published by the Ukrainian Music ian National Council, Jersey City, N.J., 1915, "Story of Ukraine, The," by Clarence A. Publishing Co., Paris, New York, 1943, 136 36 pages, map. Manning, Philosophical Library, New York, pages. "Ukraine and the 16 Olympic Games,'' by 1947, 326 pages, maps. u Ukrainian World Committee for Sports Af­ "Story of Ukraine, The," by Marie Strutin­ "Ucrainica in the Library of Congress," a fairs, Washington, D.C., 1956, 22 pages. "Ukraine, Her Struggle for Freedom," by sky Gambal, published by the Ukrainian preliminary survey by Jaroslav B. Rud­ Workingmen's Association, Scranton, Pa., nyckyj, Washington: Library of Congress, Panas Fedenko, published by Free Ukraine, Augsburg, 1951, 80 pages, map. 1932, 102 pages, illustrations, map. Reference Department, Slavic and Central "Ukraine, The: Handbook,'' H.M. Station­ T European Division, June 1956, 94 pages. ery Office, Foreign Office, Historical Section, ·"Tale of Prince Ihor's Campaign, The: "Ucrainica," selected bibliography on No. 52, Handbook, volume IX, London, 1920, Ukrainian Epic of the 12th Century," pub­ Ukraine in Western European languages, by 110 pages. . lished by Kyiw," Philadelphia, Pa., 1950, 91 Eugene J. Pelenskyj, published by "Bysttry­ "Ukraine: Historical and Geographical At­ pages, illustrations, map. tsia,'' Munich, 1948, 111 pages. (Memoirs of las,'' by George Simpson, published by the Shevchenko Scientific Society, volume "Taras Shevchenko and West European Ukrainska Knyha, Augsburg, 1946,. 48 p~ges, Literature," by Jurij Bojko, by the Associa­ CLVIII.) maps. tion of Ukrainians in Great Britain, London, "Ukraine,'' by John F. Stewart, published "Ukraine in Foreign Comments and De­ 1956, 64 pages, illustrations. by the Scottish League for European Free­ scriptions From the 6th to 20th Century,'' "Taras Shevchenko, Bard of Ukraine,"· by dom, Edinburgh, 1950, 12 pages, map. by Volodymyr Sichynsky, published by ·the Dmytro Doroshenko, published by the United "Ukraine," by Roman Weres. Thesis pre­ Ukrainian Congress Committee of America, Ukrainian Organizations of the United sented at Western Michigan University, 1958, New York, 1953, 235 pages, illustrations, States, New York, 1936, 59 pages, port. 239 'pages. maps. , "Taras Shevchenko, the Man and the "Ukraine, The," by 0. J. Frederiksen, in "Ukraine,'' letter from the delegate of the Symbol," by W. K. Matthews, published by Strakhovsky, L.I., ed. "Handbook of Slavic Ukraine submitting observations with regard the Association of Ukrainians in Great Studies," Harvard University Press, 1949, to the Ukraine's request for admission to the Britain, London, 1951, 16 pages. 346-366 pages. League (of Nations). League of Nations "Taras Shevchenko, the Poet of Ukraine," "Ukraine, The," by George Raffailovich, Official No.: 20/48/234, Geneva, 1920, three selected poems by Clarence A. Manning, pub­ F. Griffiths, London, 1914, 71 pages, illustra­ pages. lished by Ukrainian National Association, tions, maps. "Ukraine on the Road to Freedom," pub­ Jersey City, N.J., 1945, 217 pages. "Ukraine, The," by Bedwin Sands, F. Grif­ lished by the Ukrainian National Committee "Text of the Ukraine 'Peace'" with maps, . fiths, London, 1914, 71 pages, illustrations, , of the· United States, Nevi York, 1919, 80 Government Printing Office, Washington, maps. pages, map. D.C., 1918, 160 pag~s. maps. "Ukraine. The," handbook prepared under "Ukraine, Poland, and Russia, and the "Their Brothers' Keepers," by Philip the direction of the Historical Section of the Right of the Free Disposition of the Peoples," Friedman, Crown Publishers, Inc., New York, British Foreign Office. No. 52, London, H. M. by Serhiy Shelukhin, published by· Friends 1957, 224 pages. Stationery, 1920. · · . of Ukraine, Washington, D.C., 1919, 21 pages, "Time of the Assassins," by Godfrey_Blun­ "Ukraine, The: A History," by · W. E. D. illustrations, double map. den, J. B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, New York, Allen, University Press, Cambridge, England, "Ukraine: The Land and Its People," an 1954, 375 pages. 1940, 390 pages, maps. introduction to its geography, by Stepan 1662 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-·. ·HOUSE February 4 Rudnitsky, Rand McNally & Co., New York, "Ukrainian Foreign Policy," .. by Jaroslav Khasevych, "Bye-Zot" and his disciples, 1918, 369 pages, 6 maps. Stetzko, published by the Scottish League published by "Prolog," 1952, 69 pages, il­ "Ukraine: The Pressing Problem in Eu­ for European Freedom, Edinburgh, 1953, 32 lustrated. ropean Politics," by G. W. Simpson, published pages. · "Ukrainian Yearbook and Ukrainians of by Ukrainian Self-Reliance League, Edlilon­ "Ukrainian Historical Science Under the Distinction," by F. A. Machrough, published ton, 1931. Soviets, 1920-50," by Borys Krupnytsky, by Ukrainian Yearbook, Winnipeg, 1952, 144 "Ukraine Under the Bolshevik Occupation, published by the Institute for the Study of pages, illustrated, map. The," by F. Pigido, published by the Institute the U.S.S.R., Munich, 1951. "Ukrainian Yearbook: The Ukrainian for the Study of the U.S.S.R., Munic.h, 1956, "Ukrainian Historiography, 1917-56," by Business Directory," by Ukrainian Business 140 pages. Alexander Ohloblyn, published by the Directory, Winnipeg, 1956, 78 pages, maps, "Ukraine Under the Soviets," by Clarence Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in tables. A. Manning, Bookman Associates, New York, the United States, Inc., New York, 1957, vol. "Ukrainian Youth in the Free World in 1953, 223 pages. V, VI. Photo Album of the Ukrainian Youth Asso­ "Ukraine's Call to America," by Honore "Ukrainian-Jewish Relations During the ciation Abroad" (describes the sum activi­ Ewach, published by the Ukrainian Cultural Nazi Occupation," by Philip Friedman, re­ ties in the free world), London, 1954, 236 Society, Detroit, 1947, 173 pages. print from Yivo Institute for Jewish Re­ pages, illustrations, part in color. "Ukraine's Claim to Freedom," by Edwin search-Yivo Annual of Jewish Social Science, "Ukrainian Youthful Melodies for School, August Bjorkman and others, published by 1958-59, vol. XII, pages 259-296. Camp, Home,'' by Mykola Fomenko, pub­ Ukrainian National Association, New York, "Ukrainian Liberation Movement in Mod­ lished by the Ukrainian Institute of America, 1916, 125 pages, map. ern Times," by Oleh Martovych, published New York, 1951, 90 pages. "Ukraine's Claim to Freedom: An Appeal by the Scottish League for European Free­ "Ukrainians Accuse the Government of for Justice on Behalf of 35 Million," pub­ dom, Edinburgh, 1952, 176 pages, 11lustra­ Soviet Russia, The," published by Ukrainian lished by Ukrainian National Association and tions. Organizations of Greater New York, New Ruthenian National Union, New York, 1915, "Ukrainian Literature: Studies of the York, 1933, 4 pages. 125 pages, map. Leading Authors," by Clarence A. Manning, "Ukrainians and the European.War, The," "Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, The (A published by the Ukrainian National Asso­ by the Ukrainian National Council, pub­ Historical Outline), Part I, 1918-30," by Na­ ciation. Jersey City, N.J., 1944, 126 pages. lished by the Ukrainian National Associa­ talia Wasylenko-Polonska, published by the "Ukrainian National Movement," by Ste­ tion, Jersey City, N.J., 1915, 64 pages, illus­ Institute for the Study of the U.S.S.R., Mu­ phen Shumeyko, published by United trations, map. nich, 1956, 74 pages. Ukrainian Organizations of the United "Ukrainians in Manitoba, The: ·A Social "Ukrainian-American Cookbook," by Jun­ States, New York, 1939, 46 pages. Study·," by Paul Yuzyk, University of Toronto ior Women's League. Published by SS. Peter "Ukrainian National Women's Costume," Press, Toronto, 1953, 232 pages, illustrations, and Paul Church, Cleveland. published by the Ukrainian Branch 360, maps. "Ukrainian Arts." Compiled and edited by Canadian Legion, Besl., Toronto, 1953, 71 "Ukrainians in the United States," by Olya Dmytrow and Ann Mitz. Published by pages. Wasyl HaUch, University of Chicago Press, the Ukrainian Youth League of North Amer­ "Ukrainian Nationalism, 1939-45," by John Chicago, 1937, 174 pages, lllustrations. ica. New York, 1952, 212 pages. Illustra­ Alexander Armstrong, Columbia University "Ukrainians, The: Our Most Pressing Prob­ tions, part in color, map. Revised edition Press, New York, 1955, 322 pages, maps. lem,'' by W. L. Scott, Toronto, 1931, 64 pages. of 1955, 217 pages. "Ukrainian Poet in the Soviet Union, A," "Unknown Revolution, The: Ukraine, 1918- "Ukrainian: A Basic Course, Pronouncia­ by Oksana Asher, New York, 1959, 49 pages, tion and Writing System," by U.S. Army Lan­ 21, Kronstadt, 1921," by V. M. Eichenbaum, illustrated. published by Libertarian Book Club, New guage School (Monterey, Calif.). Published "Ukrainian Policy of Liberation," by the by Presidio of Monterey, 1956. York, 1956, 270 pages. Ukrainian National Council (declaration of "United Nations Charter, Review of,'' hear­ "Ukrainian Bibliography in the English the representatives of the executive com­ Language," by Alexander Sokolyshyn. New ings, Senate Committee on Foreign Rela­ mittee of the Ukrainian National Council, tions part 12. (Testimony of Lev E. York, 1958, 150 pages (typescript). at the press conference in Augsburg of Sep­ "Ukrainian Canadians, The: A Study in Dobriansky) , Government Printing Office, tember 6, 1951), published by the Ukrainian Washington, D.C., 1955, 2,032 pages. Assimilation,'' by Charles H. Young. T. Nel­ Information Bureau, Augsburg, 1951, 15 son & Sons, Toronto. 1931, 327 pages. pages. "U.S. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Proceedings Tables, maps, plates. "Ukrainian Problems, The, A Collection of and Debates of the 86th Congress, 1st Ses­ "Ukrainian Cause, The," by Walter Bukata. Notes and Memoirs,'' published by Ukrainian sion," volume 105, Nos. 11-12, Washington, Published by National Manifestation for In­ Press Bureau, London, 1919, 64 pages. D.C., January 22, 1959. (Contains remarks dependence of Ukraine. New York, 1938, "Ukrainian Question, The," by M •. P. Man­ in the House of Representatives concerning 23 pages. dryka. Published by the Canadian Ukrain­ January 22, 1918 and 1919, in Ukraine, when "Ukrainian Communism and Soviet Rus­ ian Educational Association, Winnipeg, Man­ the Ukrainian national independent state sian Policy Toward the Ukraine," an anno­ itoba, 1940, 57 pages mustrated, map. was proclaimed and consolidated.) tated bibliography, 1917-53. By Jurj Lawry­ "Ukrainian Question, The: A Peace Prob­ "U.S. Envoys to Ukraine and Byelorussia," nenko. Published by the Research Program lem,'' published by publication and propa­ by Georgetown University Forum, published of the U.S.S.R. New York, 1953, 454 pages. ganda branch of the Ukrainian Nationalists, by Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., "Ukrainian Cross Stitch Designs, Ukrain­ Geneva, 1928, 40 pages. January 10, 1944, nine pages. ian Embroidery Designs and Stitches," by "Ukrainian Question and Its Importance to "United States. House Joint Resolution Rose Dragan. Published by the Ukrainian Great Britain, The," by Lancelot Lawton. 334" (Representative Walter H. Judd, of Min­ Women's Association of Canada. 1956, 12 Published by Anglo-Ukrainian Association, nesota introduced a resolution on April 8, parts. Illustrations. London, 1935, 36 pages. 1959, in the House of Representatives calling "Ukrainian Dances," by A. Hnatyshyn. "Ukrainian Question and Present Crisis, for a proclamation by the President desig­ Published by Josef Dorr. Vienna, 1956, 10 The," by G. W. Simpson, Saskatoon, 1939, 14 nating January 22 of each year as "Ukrainian pages. pages illustrated. Independence Day": Resolved by the Senate "Ukrainian Decorative Design," by V. "Ukrainian Records," by "Arka,'' New York, and House of Representatives of the United Nahal. The State Publishing Co., Kiev, 10 1958, 68 pages. States of America in Congress assembled.) pages, 26 colored plates. "Ukrainian Resistance,'' published by the "UPA: The Story of the Ukrainian Insur­ "Ukrainian Easter Eggs," by Gloria Sur­ Ukrainian Congress Committee of America, gent Army and the Ukrainian Red Cross," mach. Published by the Ukrainian Youth Inc., New York, 1949, 142 pages, illustrated. by the Scottish League for European Free­ League of North America, Inc. New York, "Ukrainian Revolution, The," by John S. dom, Edinburgh, 1951, 24 pages, _illustrations. 1937, 37 pages. Illustrations. Reshetar, Princeton University Press, Prince- v "Ukrainian-English Dictionary," by C. H. ton, 1952, 363 pages. , Andrusyshen and J. N. Krett, University of "Ukrainian Self-Educator for the Begin­ "Voice From Ukraine, A," by Percival Cun­ Toronto Press, Toronto, 1957, 1,163 pages. ners. Ukrainian Grammar Simplified," by dy, biographical sketch and translations from "Ukrainian-English Dictionary," by M. L. Honore Ewach, published by Ukrainian Co­ the works of Ivan Franko, Buffy & Co., Mani­ Podvesko, published by Radyanska Shkola, operative "Kalyna," 1953 (first edition, toba, 1932, 74 pages. Kiev, 1954, 2d editi<;m, 1957, 1,018 pages. 1946), 96 pages. w "Ukrainian Folk Costume," by Katerena Ukrain~an S.S.R.: National Economy of the "War and Ukrainian Democracy, The: A Antonovych, published by Ukrainian Wom­ Ukrainian S.S.R.: A Statistical Compila­ Compilation of Documents From the Past en's Organizations of Canada, Winnipeg, tion," published by U.S. Joint Publishing Re­ and Present," by Nikifor Hryhoriev, Indus­ 1954, 23 pages, mustrations. search Service, Washington, D.C., 1958, 537 trial & Educational Publishing Co., Ltd., "Ukrainian Folk Embroidery," by Ludmela pages, tables. Toronto, 1945, 206 pages. Demydenko, published by Arka, Toronto, "Ukrainian Songs and Lyrics. A Short "Western Psychological Strategy Toward 1953, 16 plates. Anthology of Ukrainian Poetry," by Honore U.S.S.R.: The Weapon of Enlightened Na­ "Ukrainian Folk Songs," sung by Ira Ewach, published by Ukrainian Publishing tionalism," by Lev E. Dobriansky. Remarks Malaniuk with St. Barbara's Church Choir Co., Winnipeg, 1934, 80 pages. of Hon. John F. Kennedy, of Massachusetts, and Tonkistler Orchestra of Vienna, con­ "Ukrainian Underground Art,'! album of in the Senate of the United States, August 3, d-qcted and directed by Andriy Hnatyshyn, woodcuts ·made in ·Ukr-aine 1917-50 by 1953, 83d Congress, 1st session, Washington, 14 songs. artists of the Ukrainian underground, Nil D.C. 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1663 "Why They Behave Like Russians," by John , DR. WILLIAM THORNTON: DE­ the United States; as an inventor, he was Fisher, Harper & Bros., New York, 1947, 262 SIGNER OF THE U.S. CAPITOL coexperimenter with John Fitch on the first pages. steamboat; as a politician, he was an early "Women of Ukraine"; women's role on the Mr. HANNA. Mr. Speaker, I ask agitator for the abolition of slavery and the scene of history, in literature, arts, and unanimous consent that the gentleman independence of South American countries; struggle for freedom; by Ukrainian National from Pennsylvania [Mr. FLOOD] may ex­ as an administrator, he was first superin­ Women's League of America, Philadelphia, tendent and virtual organizer of the Patent tend his remarks at this point in the Office; as an architect, his work now is 1955, 48 pages. RECORD and include extraneous matter. y studied as representative of the maximum The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there grace and correctness of his period. His "Yellow Boots," by Vera Lysenko, Ryerson objection to the request of the gentleman manysided mind sought and attracted con­ Press, Toronto, 1954, 314 pages. from California? tact with scientists, revolutionaries and z There was no objection. statesmen of three continents. "Zakhar Berkut," by Ivan Franko, trans­ Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, among the Never affiicted with false modesty, Thorn­ lated by Theodosia Boresky, Theo. Gans' ton was not averse to a fair appraisal of his Sons, New York, 1944,230 pages. many thousands who annually visit own qualities and achievements. Craving a Washington and view the stately struc­ broader career than that promised by medi­ ADDITIONAL LISTINGS ture known as the U.S. Capitol, few cine, he prepared a communication in 1791 B know the background of its designer­ which reveals his training and interests, but "Bolshevist Persecution of Church and Re­ or. William Thornton. It was, there­ makes no mention of architecture. This let­ ligion in Ukraine, 1917-57, Informative Out­ fore, with much interest that I read the ter, presented to the Council of the Virgin line," by Dr. Lev W. Mydlowsky, Ukrainian 1962 Christmas greetings sent out by the Islands, stated: Publishers, Ltd., London, 1958, 34 pages. "Conceiving it to be my duty to attend distinguished writers Kathleen Hargrave to a particular call of humanity which leads c Frantz and Harry W. Frantz, in which me to attempt a settlement of free people at "Celebration of 42d Anniversary of they featured a most informative bio­ Sierra Leone in Africa and finding some Ukraine's Independence in U.S. Congress," graphical sketch of Dr. Thornton writ­ European nations, as also America, desirous speeches of Hon. THOMAS J. DODD and Hon. ten by themselves under the date of Au­ of forming such an establishment, I solicit of DANIEL J. FLooD. U.S. Government Print­ gust 20, 1928. your honorable house a recommendation to ing Office, Washington, D.C., 1960, 61 pages. their attention, containing a certificate of "Cold War and Liberation: A Challenge of In order that this thoughtful contribu­ my moral character-my education, which Aid to the Subject Peoples," by John F. tion may be permanently recorded in the was obtained in England, Scotland, and O'Conor, Vantage Press, New York, 1961. annals of the Congress and thus be made France, and acquaintance with diseases of G available to the Nation at large, I quote hot . countries, having practiced for some "God's Underground," by Father George as the full text as part of these remarks: time in the West Indies-my acquaintance with natural history in general and the told to Greta Palmer, foreword by FUlton H. DR. WILLIAM THORNTON: DESIGNER OF Sheen. Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc., New THE U.S. CAPITOL modes of raising tropical productions-that I am learning and endeavoring to reduce York, 1949, 296 pages. (By Kathleen.Hargrave Frantz and their language to writing-am collecting I Harry W. Frantz) valuable plants and making other prepara­ "Ivan Mazepa: Hetman of Ukraine. On ("He was a scholar and a gentleman­ tions calculated solely for that country, and the 250th Anniversary of His Rising Against full of talent and eccentricity-a Quaker by have been engaged in this cause for some Russia" (collection of articles and essays profession, a painter, a poet, and a horse­ years." which appeared in Nos. 2, 3, and 4, 1959, of racer-well acquainted with the mechanics EARLY LIFE OF DR. THORNTON the Ukrainian Quarterly). arts"-,-W1lliam Dunlap, in "The History. of William Thornton, English planter, and hi.s M the Rise and Progress of the Arts of Design.") young wife Dorcas, parents of the great "Mazepa in the Light of Contemporary Dr. William Thornton was a gentleman architect, were members of a Quaker colony English and American Sources," by Theodore and a scholar. More than that, he was a on the Island of Tortola. At the time of the man of magnificent audacity. According babe's birth, the Quaker colony embraced Mackiw, reprint, the Ukranian Quarterly, to his own admission he was virtually un­ volume XV, No. 4, December 1959, New York. about 500 white settlers. trained in architecture when he entered and The elder Thornton died when William was p won the competition for the design of the 2 years old, and he was sent to the house of "Poland and Her National Minorities, U.S. Capitol. In the same sense that George his father's relatives in Lancashire, England, 1919-39, a Case Study," by Stephen Horak, Washington is regarded politically as the to be educated. At the age of 16, in 1777, Ph. D., Vantage Press, 1961. Father of His Country, Thornton fairly may he was apprenticed to Dr. Fell of Ulverstone, "Political Struggle of Mazepa and Charles be considered the father of American archi­ England, to learn the profession of medicine. XII for Ukrainian Independence, The," by tecture. He showed promise, and 3 years later was Bohdan Kentrschynskyj, reprint, the His courage was not the courage of igno­ sent to the University of Edinburgh. Ukrainian Quarterly, volume XV, No. 3, rance. Although his knowledge of drafts­ His work and his diversions at the famous September 1959, New York, 23 pages. manship and design was self-taught, he pos­ university were equally successful. One of "Politics of Totalitarianism, The: The sessed extensive knowledge of mechanics, his schoolmates was Walter Scott. Dr. John Communist Party of the Soviet Union From broad culture derived from European resi­ Walker, professor of natural history, recom­ 1934 to the Present," by John A. Armstrong, dence and travel, a sympathy with classic mending Thornton for a degree, in 1784, Random House, New York, 1961. forms, and a certain genius of his own. wrote: The old Capitol, progenitor of the present "He has been all along one of the most s edifice, was a monument to his beautiful respectable medical students in this place, "Soviet Bureaucratic Elite: A case Study dream. But into its making went the skill has an excellent literary and public spirit, of the Ukrainian Apparatus," by John A. and assistance of Hoban, Hallett, Hadfield, and has been much noticed and regarded. Armstrong, Frederick A. Praeger, Inc., New Latrobe, and other architects; and Thornton He was elected a member of the Antiquarian York, 1959. was always helped by the moral support and Royal Medical Societies and one of the "Stalinist Rule in the U.kraine: A Study of and prudent counsel of President Washing­ presidents of our society in the College of the Decade of Mass Terror (1929-39) ," by ton. Yet, by common consent, Thornton is Natural History." Hryhory Kostiuk, Frederick A. Praeger, Inc., entitled to the major credit, and Glenn After graduation, the young physician re­ New York, 1960. Brown, historian-architect, asserted that ceived instruction for 6 months in St. Bar­ T Thornton's scheme "forms the nucleus for tholomew's Hospital. He then returned to "Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the Great the present structure." Tortola to practice, but his scholarly bent Famine in Ukraine, The," by Mykola Hally. In the absence of published vital statistics, still was strong, and soon he went to Paris to Reprint, the Ukrainian Quarterly, volume the place and time of Thornton's birth are resume his studies. XIV, No. 3, September 1958, 11 pages. not known with certainty. Most writers In the French capital he became a friend give the Island of Tortola, in the West Indies, of the Countess de Beauharnais, whose hus­ u as place and May 27, 1761, as date. The band was the uncle of Viscount de Beau­ "Ukraine, The: Selected References in the little island of Jost Van Dyke also has been harnais, first husband of the Empress Jo­ English Language, With Brief Introduction ·recorded as the probable birthplace. Nor sephine. Thornton was welcomed to the About the Ukraine, and the Ukrainians," by was Thornton an isolated genius of the salon of the countess where he made the ac­ Roman Weres, Western Michigan University, Caribbean. Alexander Hamilton, Alexander quaintance Of distinguished artists, states­ Kalamazoo, Mich., 1961. Dumas, and the Empress Josephine also came men, and men of letters, and there broadened "U.S. Information Agency Operations, Re­ from West Indian isles. his interests and his aspirations. view of," hearings, House Committee on Dr. Thornton was a man of amazing ver­ Dr. Thornton came to America in 1787 Foreign Affairs (testimony of Le.v E. Dobrian­ satility, fairly comparable to Washington, and during succeeding years resided both sky), Government Printing Office, Washing­ Jefferson, or Franklin. As a · physician, he in Philadelphia and Wilmington.- He was ton, D.C., 1959, 206 pages. practiced successfully in the West Indies and naturalized in Delaware January 7, 1788. 1664 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 4 In later years there apparently was some his, for the Americans who studied abroad for the work and accomplishment of the question concerning hls citizenship. He usually went through a cla-ssical course only, buildings) is impracticable; or if practicable, secured a certification of his citizenship in but Thornton, having received a rudimen­ would not in some parts answer the ends the United States from a competent author­ tary classical education, had studied medi­ proposed. Mr. Holben seemed to concur in ity, and attached a notation, which explained cine and chemistry, and then botany and this opinion; and Mr. Blodget as far as I that he had secured citizenship after the other branches of natural science. The young could come to his sentiments, in the short adoption of the U.S. Constitution by the man was no adventurer, nor was he penniless, time I was with him, approved the altera­ State of Delaware but prior to its adoption for the plantation yielded him an income tions in it wh,ich have been proposed by by any other State. which was, however, not always certain. By Mr. Hallet. Soon after coming to America, Thornton nature he was a fearless idealist and believed "It is unlucky that this investigation of entered a period of romantic adventures that the New World would welcome plans Dr. Thornton's plan and estimate of the which may be assumed to have encouraged and projects which in Europe would go un­ cost had not preceded the adoption of it; development of his native artistic bent. He heeded." but knowing the impatience of Carroll's asked Gov. Johp. Dickinson, of Delaware, for It is noted again, that the early career and bur'g (burning?) interest and the anxiety the hand of his daughter. The Governor character of William Thornton, about to de­ of the Public to see both buildings progres­ was not unfriendly to Thornton, but be­ sign the greatest public building of the new siving-and supposing the plan to be cor­ lieved that the girl should not marry at the -Republic, was stlll without training in archi­ rect, it was adjudged best to avoid delay. age of 16. The young physician returned tecture, though his skill at penmanship and It is better, however, to correct the error, to Tortola. Scant records tell of a "Miss drafting ability were already a matter of though late, than to proceed in a ruinous R. H.," who, notwithstanding her engage­ record. measure, in the adoption of which I do not ment to Thornton, ran away to marry an­ THORNTON DESIGNS THE U.S. CAPITOL hesitate to confess I was governed by the other man. Sadness and illness befell beauty of the exterior and the distribution On March 14, 1792, the Commissioners of of the apartments-declaring then, as I do Thornton, to be recompensed later at Phil­ the Federal City advertised to invite com­ adelphia where, in October 1790, at the age petition for plans of the proposed Capitol now, that I had no knowledge in the rules of 29, Thornton married Anna Marla. Bro­ and President's house. Dr. Thornton wrote or principles of architecture and was equally deau, 15-yea.r-old daughter of a French from Tortola in October and asked permis­ unable to count the cost. But if there be woman of fine culture and high social sion to submit drawings for the Capitol. such material defects as are represented­ position in Philadelphia and Washington. Daniel Carroll replied favorably under date and such immense time and cost to complete After the wedding, Thornton and his bride of November 15, 1792, simultaneously inform­ the building-it would be folly in the ex­ went to Tortola, where the young woman ing that the plan of James Hoban for the treme to proceed on the plan which had been became ill. A letter from Madame Brodeau President's house already had been accepted. adopted. It has appeared to me proper, to Thornton at this time attests his fine Thornton's plan for the Capitol already however, before it is laid aside, and justice character: must have been in advanced stage, and was and respect to Dr. Thornton requires, that "How I pity and lament the very f!evere promptly submitted, for as early as March 3, the objections should be made known to him, affliction you must have experienced in the 1793, President Washington wrote, from Phil­ and an opportunity afforded to explain and illness of my beloved child," she wrote. adelphia: obviate them if he can." "Your extreme and unequaled watchfulness "Grandeur, simplicity and convenience ap­ Washington then proposed that a confer­ and attention toward her evince the good­ pear to be so well combined in this plan of ence be held without delay at Philadelphia ness of your heart as well as the love you bear Dr. Thornton's that I have no doubt of its where all parties concerned, aided if neces­ her and attaches me to you by the ties of meeting that approbation from you which it sary by other scientific adviser, to decide the gratitude as well as the sincerest affection." has received from all those who have seen it question at issue. The physician and his wife soon returned judges of such things." The conference was held in July, attended to Philadelphia, where they established their President Washington furnished Dr. by Thornton Hallet, Hoban, and Colonel residence. Thornton became the friend of Thornton with a letter of introduction which Williams, Hallet recommended alterations in Benjamin Franklin, with whom he exchanged he carried with him on his first visit to Thornton's plan which, according to the scientitl.c ideas, and of John Fitch, with Washington. President "preserved the most valuable ideas whom he collaborated in experimenting on Commissioners Johnson, Stuart, and Car­ of the original, and rendered them suscepti­ and financing a. steamboat. More than 20 roll, on April 5, 1793, addressed a joint letter ble of execution; so that it is considered as years later these experiments were to be sub­ to Thornton, then in Phlladelphia, inform­ Dr. Thornton's plan." ject of a controversy between Thornton and . ing him that the President had formally According to George C. Hazelton, Jr., and Robert Fulton. approved his plan; and adding, "As soon Howard F. Kennedy, authors of "The Na­ Thornton continued his philosophical as the nature of the.work and your conven­ tional Capitol," published in 1897, Thorn­ studies which culminated, in 1793, with the ience permit we wish to be in possession of ton's original plans have been lost, "but from receipt of the Magellanic Gold Medal of the your explanation with the plan, for we wls"!l the data at hand, it would seem that he American Philosophical Society. His recog­ to mark out the ground, make preparations, conceived in the central building a grand nized publication, subsequently widely dis­ and even lay out the foundations this fall." vestibule, with a portico on the east, and tributed in America and England, was sub­ Thornton was victor in the competition another large circular room on the western sequently a source of inspiration to inventors over 15 other competitors, among them front. The latter chamber, for conference, of would-be universal languages. Thornton Stephen Hallet, a French architect, whose was to be lighted by small elevated windows analyzed the phonetic qualities of words, design is reported to have been favored by and have for its western entrance a single and the breadth of his scholarship is indi­ Thomas Jefferson. Hallet's plan was given doorway, opening upon a semicircular por­ cated by notes which he left showing his second place. tico, whence a broad expanse of steps ran to familiarity with Arable. After acceptance of Thornton's plan, it the ground. The work was entitled "Cadmus: Or a Trea­ encountered strong practical objections "Hallet proposed a square center in place tise on the Ele.ments of Written Language," from Hallet, who had had an extensive ex­ of the vestibule, having an open court on the mustrated by a philosophical division of perience in construction, which Thornton ground floor containing a. turn for carriages. speech, the power of each character thereby lacked. These objections caused great dis­ The only dome rose above a circular confer­ mutually fixing the orthography and or­ quietude among officials, and led to a re­ ence room on the west. The external ap­ theopy; with an essay on the mode of teach­ view of the entire situation by President pearance of the walls, too, was much altered; ing the surd or deaf, and consequently Washington. and the columns on both the east and west dumb, to speak. A letter from Washington to Thomas were extended to the full height of the Thomas Jefferson acknowledged receipt of Jefferson, Secretary of State, written at structure. The pleasing effect of the present this work in a note which said: Mount Vernon, June 30, 1793, revealed both basement-exterior with the graceful pilasters "Thomas Jefferson, with his compliments the prudence and fairness of the President. above was entirely destroyed." to Dr. Thornton, returns him with many He wrote: The southeast cornerstone of the Capitol thanks for the device of the mace, and still "DEAR sm·: You will find by the enclosed was laid September 18, 1893, with George more for his dissertation on the elements of letter from the Commissioners that Mr. Washington oftlciating in the Masonic cere­ language which he had read in the manu­ Ha~let reports unfavora.l;lly of Dr. Thornton's mony; and construction began. script with great satisfaction, but shall do it . plan 'on the great points of practicability, Relations of Hallet, now virtually a super­ . with more in print." time, and expense'-a.nd that I am referred vising architect, and Thornton were not The mace referred to was intended for the to Mr. Blodget, Holben, and Hallet whose friendly, and as the issue developed Presi­ State of Virginia, and the rattlesnake was verbal information wlll be better than any dent Washington supported Thornton's view employed in the device--symbolic of harm­ we can give you on which to form ultimate that the alterations to the original plan had lessness when unmolested but danger when instructions. been excessive. Accordingly, Hallet was dis­ . disturbed. Gaillard Hunt, antiquarian, and "Mr. Blodget i met at BaltiJ:I?.ore in the missed and George Hadfield, an English chief of the manuscript division of the Li­ moment I was about to leave it--conse­ architect, was appointed October 15, 1795, to brary of Congress, appraised the character quently I had little conversation with him on direct the construction. He, too, incurred . and capabilltles of Thornton when 30, in the the subject referred; but Mr. Hallet is of the President's displeasure by his desire for following terms: · opinion that the execution of Dr. Thornton's substantial changes in the original plans; · "There was hardly a man in Amerlca.who · plan· (independent of the cost, which would and James Hoban succeeded him as the Com­ had 'received a scientific education equal to far exceed our means-and the time allowed missioner's 'choice for superintendence of the 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1665 new building. Meanwhile, on September 12, accordingly requested it might be enclosed State Department. Later Thornton became 1794, Washington had appointed Dr. Thorn­ in lead. And I cannot easily express the superintendent of the Office and he arranged ton as a Commissioner of the District, con­ pleasure I feel in this melancholy gratifica­ its independent establishment in 1810. sequently his influence was at all times tion of my hope that the Congress would In 1814 Thornton "went to the press" to effective, both in the building of the Capitol place him in the center of that national defend John Fitch's claim to the invention and in the general planning of the city. temple which he approved of for a Capitol. of the steamboat. He published a pamphlet, On November 21, 1800, Congress convened Here in the center of the intended dome is written in 1810, prefaced by the statement: in the Senate Chamber of the Capitol, only the point from which we calculate our longi­ "Finding that Mr. Robert Fulton, whose the north wing then having been completed. tudes, and here I presume the Congress mean genius and talents I highly respect, has been President Adams in his address congrat­ to place the body of the beloved and by some considered as the inventor of the ulated Congress "on the prospect of a resi­ lamented chief. It will be a very great in­ steamboat, I think it a duty to the memory dence not to be changed." ducement to the completion of the whole of the late John Fitch to set forth, with as Thornton's direction of construction building, which has been thought by some much brevity as possible, the fallacy of this ceased in 1802, and in the following year contracted minds, unacquainted with grand opinion; and to show, moreover, that if Mr. Benjamin Henry Latrobe, of Richmond, an works, to be upon too great a scale. If we Fulton has any claim whatever to originality, English architect, was named by Jefferson consider the grandeur of the Nation, and its in his steamboat, it must be exceedingly as surveyor of the Capitol. amazing increase in wealth, power and re­ limited." In 1805, Thornton sent to Congress a com­ sources, we shall, I am sometimes afraid, According to this account, Thornton had munication giving his side of the contro­ conclude that it was upon too contracted a been intimately associated with Fitch in his versy with Hallet. He asserted that Hallet plan. You, who have visited many of the experiments and a prime mover in the com­ had sought to exclude the dome and had modern works in the east, w111 think this a pany which financed Fitch's projects. displeased Washington by the extent of pro­ small building, and will not hesitate to vote Thornton described a trial trip in Philadel­ posed alterations. Thornton continued: its completion; yet many would have made phia on a measured course of 1 mile when ·~when General Washington honored me objections did not the remains of the virtu­ the boat traveled 1 mile in one-eighth of an with the appointment of Commissioner, he ous Washington render it more dear to hour and asserted that the same boat after­ requested I would restore the building to a them." ward traveled 80 miles in a single day. correspondence with the original plan. Not DIVERSE INTERESTS AND ACHmVEMENTS OF Thornton continued: a single stone of the elevation was laid. I THORNTON "Finding that the works on board the first drew another elevation preserving the gen­ Manuscript records of Dr. Thornton's life boat were not strong enough, we (the com­ eral ideas, but making such alterations as attest an extraordinary range of serious ac­ pany) built another of 25 tons burthen, the difference in the dimensions of the complishments as well as pleasant diversions. rigged schooner fashion, intended to go to ground plan rendered necessary. I improved Continental politics, horseracing, pam­ New Orleans, and mount the Mississippi. the appearance and restored the dome." phleteering, and gardening engaged his When the principal parts of the works were Two wings of the Capitol had been com­ nimble wit in supplement to his regular oc­ prepared, and read to put on board, the au­ pleted in 1814 when the building was fired cupation, in later life, as superintendent of thor of this, thinking no mistakes could be by British troops. The structure was ma­ the U.S. Patent Office. made by the company, went to the West terially damaged, but a rainstorm averted Old records show that he was one of the Indies, on the 16th of October 1790, to visit complete destruction. founders of the Columbian Institution, the his mother for the last time, and expected The ability of Thornton to design and first society for mental improvement orga­ to find, on his return, the boat ascending the supervise construction of a great public nized in the young capital. They reveal, too, Mississippi, at the rate of at least 4 miles an building, undoubtedly was due to his ca­ hour; but a spirit of innovation having seized pacity for rapid assimilation of architectural his continued interest in the abolition of of slavery. "Heaven is not blinded with gold­ some of the company, and their attempts to principles, for he himself wrote of his in­ simplify the machine having ruined it, their familiarity with architecture in his early dust and the day of reckoning is drawing near," he wrote in 1816. unsuccessful endeavours to make it work life. His first successful design was that of subjected them to debts, which obliged them the Philadelphia Public Library, in 1789. He was intrigued also by the struggle of South American countries for their inde­ to sacrifice both boats, and all the machin­ Concerning his architectural training he ery; and on my return, after a 2 years' ab­ wrote, on October 12, 1802: pendence, and in 1815 published a pamphlet entitled "Outlines of a Constitution for sence, I found, to my inexpressible grief, the "I saw a publication for a plan for a pub­ whole of this very valuable scheme ruined." He llbrary in Philadelphia, offering a pre­ United North and South Columbia." This proposed a plan for uniting the whole West­ Thornton made numerous other mechan­ mium for the best. ical experiments. He sought to bnprove "When I traveled I never thought of archi­ ern Hemisphere under one government, with capital on the Isthmus of Darien. Although steam hollers and condensers, experimented tecture. But I got some books and worked with a steam rapid-fire cannon, and tested a few days, and then gave a plan in the an­ manifestly impracticable, this idea indi­ cates that Thornton had sensed the com­ the possibillties of converting sawdust into cient Ionic order, which carried the day. planks. "The President and Secretary of State munity of political interests which was to published a premium of a gold medal, of $500 lead, in 1823, to the promulgation of the Gardening and sheep raising diverted the and a lot for a house in the city of Wash­ Monroe Doctrine. Some writers assert that good doctor in his elderly years, and it is ington for the best plan and elevation of a Thornton sought diplomatic preferment, but recorded that he sought to present Thomas capitol of the United States. I lamented he never received an appointment. Jefferson with Barbary sheep to cross with not having studied architecture, and resolved Thornton's strong feeling against politi­ his Merinos at Monticello. He cultivated a tO attempt the grand undertaking and study cal tyranny was revealed in a letter ad­ town garden across the corner from the at the same time. I studied some months dressed the Citizen President of France, writ­ present Octagon House. an~ worked almost night and day, but found ten at Philadelphia "12 of 6th month 1824," Besides the Capitol, Thornton's architec­ I was opposed by regular archi tecta from "The citizens of the United States of tural works in Washington and vicinity in­ France and various other countries." America," he stated, on his own self-con­ cluded the famous Octagon House, Tuder In the early days of the Republic, Thorn­ stituted authority, "are so deeply interested Place, Brentwood; and James Madison's ton was severely criticised by shortsighted in your welfare, as a people to whom they "Montpelier," in Orange County, Va. He also persons for the alleged excess! ve grandeur of owe much of their national felicity, that designed a town house for President Wash­ the Capitol which he had designed. In the they feel themselves not less actuated by an ington and a church for Bishop John Car­ face of criticism he was sustained by the ap­ unspeakable sympathy to participate in all roll. The latter was to be built in Baltimore. probation and personal friendship of Presi­ your aftlictions than to rejoice in your pros­ Thornton's connection with the plannin.g dent Washington. His intimacy with the perity. They consider your cause not as the of the University of Virginia is somewhat Washington· household is indicated in the cause of France only, but as the great cause indefinite, but it is known that Thomas fact that his medical knowledge was some­ of man. You are not engaged in the mere Jefferson asked his aid in the preliminary times consulted by Mrs. Washington. liberation of a people, but in the emancipa­ design. · The death of the President was a severe tion of the globe. A consideration of your "Wlll you set your imagination to work blow to Thornton. In a letter of January 2, exertions gives animation even to apathy, and sketch some designs for us, no matter 1800, to General :Marshall at Philadelphia, and the benevolent heart intreats Heaven how loosely, with the pen, without the trou­ Thornton referred to a resolution of Congress for your progress in the abolition of tyran­ ble of referring to scale or rule," Jefferson which had favored a monument to the ny." wrote, "for we want nothing but the outline memory of Washington, and added: Other of his projects were less transcen­ of the architecture, a8 internal mtist be "At the time of his death I doubted not dental in character, but equally reflect his arranged according to local conven.ience; a the Nation would delight to honor this pat­ ever-active imagination. Thus he wrote a !ew sketches such as need not take you a tern of virtue, and would consider his re­ prospectus for, and endeavored to promote, moment wlll greatly oblige· us." Iil.ains as appertaining too much to our the North carolina Gold-Mining Co.; and At the present time, Dr. Thornton is bet­ country to permit · them to be deposited he aided in establishing the first racecourse ter known as the architect of the Octagon without the most public mark of their ·ad­ in Washington. House than in any other single capacity. miration and affection. I doubted. not they President Je1ferson in ~ 1802 appo~nted This is due to the occupancy of that beauti­ would deposit his body in the place that was Thornton first clerk in charge of patents, ful residence, since 1900, by the American long since contemplated for its reception; I which at that time were controlled by the Institute of. Architects. The building is in CIX-~-106 . . 1666 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 4 a splendid condition and is frequently vis­ liquidation of our rights, power, and author­ States-Panamanian relations and the more ited by tourists and persons interested in ity in the Canal Zone, which are indispensa­ general subject of Communist aggression history and architecture. The officers of the ble to meet our treaty obligations for the throughout the world. institute take great pride and interest in the maintenance, operation, sanitation, and pro­ You referred to certain articles in the work and career of Dr. Thornton and have tection of the Panama Canal. Moreover, it Panamanian press which indicated that con­ published a monograph and pamphlets in­ would stimulate demands for retrocession to sideration was being given to creation of a tended to assure him a lasting fame. Glenn Panama of the area between the Thatcher corridor under Panamanian jurisdiction Brown, a former secretary of the institute, Highway and the Pacific, which includes Fort through the Canal Zone to the Thatcher historian as well as architect, has probably Kobbe and other defense installations. Ferry Bridge. These press articles are done more than any single person to direct The present time, indeed, is not in the speculative and inaccurate. There is no ele­ public interest to the remarkable work of Dr. horse and buggy age but an era of nuclear ment of a surrender by our Government in Thornton. power with all its frightful potentials; and any respect of the Arraijan matter. When After burning of the White House, in 1814, we are now, in effect, at war with commu­ the Government of Panama recently ex­ President Madison made the Octagon his nistic revolutionary nations. They are cruel, pressed special interest in the idea of a cor­ temporary residence, and there the Treaty of vindictive, relentless in their purpose; and ridor in the Zone from Panama City to the Ghent, between United States and Great guilty of treachery and deceit unmatched in border of the Canal Zone at Arraijan in Britain, was signed by him. all history. view of the opening of Thatcher Ferry The old brick mansion, remarkably So far, all surrenders on the part of free Bridge, Governor Fleming and Ambassador adapted to a triangular lot, suggests the ar­ nations have never brought forth compen­ Farland told the Panamanians that such a chitectural charm of its period, and derives sating concessions. It seems to me that for proposal would have to be carefully explored added atmosphere from its brick-walled gar­ years, our Government has led in the process by the U.S. Government and in any event den. of liquidation by the free nations of their would require approval by the U.S. Congress Dr. Thornton and his wife enjoyed a high dominions. On the other hand, it has per­ and a treaty revision. There will be a social position in Washington and their ac­ mitted nations under bolshevistic control to thorough study of the subject and appropri­ tivities and interests are closely identified annex country after country and people after ate consultations with the Congress before with those of the illustrious early Presidents people, without let or hindrance. any action is taken, which will take full ac­ of the Republic. Thornton was in the select count of all vital U.S. interests and rights All of this the patriotric masses of our in the Canal Zone. company of Washington celebrities of whom people deeply resent; and the current senti­ Gilbert Stuart painted his master portraits. ment in the Congress is to the same effect. In the last paragraph on the first page of Mrs. Thornton was reputed for beauty, Some evidence of this feeling has been made your letter, you state that "Particular ob­ charm, and business ability which may have signally clear by various votes and actions of jection has arisen in the Congress because of been of advantage to her husband. She sur­ the Congress, such as reduction in the for­ Executive actions taken when neither House vived the doctor, and lived to the age of 90. was in session, which have reversed vital eign aid program. foreign policy. This is especially true as to Although Thornton attained a mastery of Particular objection has arisen in the Con­ architecture which was rarely excelled in his the liquidation of our authority in the Canal gress because of Executive actions taken Zone and the creeping destruction of our day, he seems essentially to have been a when neither House was in session, which man of enthusiasms, and without disparag­ ability to maintain, operate, and defend the have reversed vital foreign policy. This is Canal as we are obligated under the treaty ing his achievements might fairly be termed especially true as to the liquidation of our a "Gentleman Amateur." to do." In response to this objection, it is authority in the Canal Zone and the creep­ reiterated that we maintain our position in ing destruction of our ability to maintain, the Canal Zone in accord with the U.S. na­ operate, and defend the canal as we are PANAMA CANAL POLICY DEMANDS tional interests and with expressed policy, obliged under treaty to do. The question and will continue to do so. REAFFIRMATION now appears to be how much more can we The Department of State has consulted Mr. HANNA. Mr. Speaker, I ask surrender on this issue and yet meet our with the Congress at every significant step unanimous consent that the gentleman solemn pledge as to the canal. on matters affecting the Canal Zone. · The nibbling process of liquidation of our Assistant Secretary Edwin M. Martin held from Pennsylvania [Mr. FLOOD] may ex­ authority with respect to the canal, unless tend his remarks at this point in the meetings on this subject prior to the June reversed, will inevitably result in our final 1962 visit of President Chiari to Washington RECORD and include extraneous matter. withdrawal from the isthmus and the sur­ with members of the Senate Committee on The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there render of the great waterway to impotent Foreign Relations and Commerce, and witt. objection to the request of the gentleman nationalization or internationalization, with the House Committees on Foreign Affairs from California? our safety jeopardized and Panama itself and Merchant Marine and Fisheries. . Since There was no objection. liquidated as a separate nation and absorbed then the Department of State has had by its neighbors or by the Soviet. What has further timely consultations with the Con­ Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, as stu­ taken place in Cuba is but a prelude to what dents of the relations between the gress as developments occurred, and has is intended on the isthmus. And this I say, provided information on actions contem­ United States and the Republic of not as an enemy of Panama, or its people, plated with respect to the Canal Zone to the Panama know, the focal point of dis­ but, indeed, as a friend who has studied Senate and House committees noted above, agreement between the two governments their history and problems. and to you. is that of the sovereignty and jurisdic­ Our people, Mr. Secretary, have become As you know Governor Fleining and Am­ tion over the Canal Zone. greatly disturbed by what has taken place bassador Farland under direction from the This control, under treaty, is vested in the Caribbean and are holding the State President, Department of State, and De­ Department as chiefly responsible therefor. partment of the Army are conducting talks in exclusively in the United States as if it This attitude is shown by the attitude of were sovereign of the territory and to Panama with Panamania_l representatives on the Congress in reducing foreign aid appro­ various subjects. The Department of State the entire exclusion of the exercise by priations. will, as it has in the past, consult with the Panama of any such sovereign rights, As all liquidations of our treaty rights on Congress on matters arising out of these power, or authority. the isthmus carry varying budgetary impli­ discussions. At the same time, the Depart­ A recent exchange of letters with the cations, I respectfully urge that no further ment will continue to protect, not "sur­ Department of State is of particular in­ cessions or commitments of any kind to render," our vital Canal interests and to terest to the Congress, especially the Panama be made before hearings have b~en enhance the value of the Canal Zone as an jurisdictional committees concerned held in these connections by the proper instrument in defense of the free world and jurisdictional committees of the Congress, in the service of world trade·. with Panama Canal matters-appro­ appropriations and legislative. priations and legislative. With respect to the worldwide Commu­ Also, I respectfully urge that instead· of nist problem, and I quote from Secretary The exchange follows: surrendering jurisdiction and Canal Zone Rusk's addi-ess at the Veterans of Foreign OCTOBER 9, 1962. territory the gravity of the hour demands a Wars Convention at Minneapolis, August 13, Hon. DEAN RusK, reaffirmation of our traditional sovereignty 1962: Secretary of State, and an extension of the zone itself to in­ "The global struggle for freedom and Department of State, clude at least the entire watershed of the against Communist imperialism is our main Washington, D.C. Chagres River. business in the State Department. • • • No DEAR MR. SECRETARY: The Spanish language Sincerely yours, one has to convince us that the contest be­ press in Panama has recently indicated the DANIEL J. FLOOD, tween Communist imperialism and freedom probability that jurisdiction over the Member of Cong1·ess. is for keeps • • •. One hears now and then Thatcher Highway in the Canal Zone may that we have a 'no win' purpose or policies. be given to that country in order to provide DEPARTMENT OF ;3TATE, This is simply not so. Of course we intend a Panamanian corridor through the Zone to Washington, November 8, 1962. to win. And we are going to win." the Thatcher Ferry Bridge. Any such sur­ DEAR CONGRESSMAN FLooD: Thank you for Your continued interest in United States­ render by our Government can only serve to your letter of October 9, 1962 addressed to Panamanian relations and operation of the advance further a sustained pattern for the the Secretary of State concerning United Panama Canal is greatly appreciated. If I 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1667 may be of additional assistance _in this mat­ The article fql~ows: The General Treaty went further than its predecessors by establishing a mechanism for ter, please do not hesitate to call on me. CENTRAL AMERICAN COMMON MARKET Sincerely yours, the ~nancing of the program, the Central FREDERICK G. DUTTON, (By Nicolas Rivero IV)· American Bank for Economic Integration Assistant Secretary For nearly a century and a half political (C~EI). . All five countries are now (For the Secretary of State). integration has eluded the five small Central members of the bank. Of its total initial Amel-ican Republics of Costa Rica, El Salva­ capital of $30 million, the five countries are dor, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. each subscribing $4 million, and the United Economic integration, on the other hand, is States is providing the remaining $10 million CENTRAL AMERICAN COMMON now becoming a reality. through various agencies. MARKET It was born of necessity. If these coun­ '!'he Bank's activities will be confined al­ Mr. HANNA. Mr. Speaker, I ask tries are to escape from their dependence on most entirely to financing four types of exports of coffee, cotton, and bananas and operations: (a} infrastructure projects, such unanimous consent that the gentleman to achieve a better standard of living for as roads and power facilities; (b) long-term from Pennsylvania [Mr. FLOOD] may ex­ their people, they must pool their resources investments in integrated industries; (c) tend his remarks at this point in the and work together in matters of trade. In­ projects in agricultural industries; and (d) RECORD and include extraneous matter. dividually, the countries are too small to projects which will help to readjust spe­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there support the great buildup of roads, power cific industries that have been affected ad­ objection to the request. of the gentleman facilities, and basic industries that are requi­ versely by the common market. from California? sites for economic development. Together, What has the CAPEl accomplished? As they represent a market of some 13 million of August 1962, uniform duties on some There was no objection. people and an area equal to France, or to the 1,220 imported items had been adopted, Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, for many U.S. New England States and New York, New which represents 95.5 percent of the total. months much of the news from the stra­ Jersey, and Pennsylvania combined. The remaining 56 items are under careful tegic Caribbean basin has been alarming. Can a common market succeed in Central study and it is hoped that in the near future By no means, however, are all the clouds America as it is succeeding in Europe? The they wm be equalized for all the partici­ in that area storm clouds. Among the experts believe that it can even though the pating countries. The effects of this can Central American Common Market differs already be felt. For example, total Central most encouraging developments there markedly from the European one. For ex­ American intraregional trade is somewhat have been recent steps toward the long­ ample, the Central American nations have higher than it was in previous years. It is held dream of a union of Central Ameri­ few mineral resources, and they must import still very early to measure quantitatively can Republics. most industrial materials. They are not as the effect the common market has had on This idea started in the assembly of highly industrialized. Their total exports intraregional trade because it is only now and their total output of goods and services that the full effects are beginning to appear. Middle American countries, which, on The impact on the five countries varies; El July 1, 1823, proclaimed their independ­ are each only about 1 percent of those of the European Economic Community. Lack of Salvador and Guatemala. depend substan­ ence from Mexico to form a federated adequate internal transportation facilities is tially on the common market trade, while nation along the lines of the North also a serious handicap. Nicaragua. depends on it the least. American Union. The first President of Significant progress has already been made Agricultural products are the most im­ Central America was Manuel Jose de by the Central American Common Market, portant items of the intraregional trade. In Arce, of El Salvador, 1825-29; the sec­ known officially as the Central American 1960, for example, agricultural trade Program of Economic Integration (CAPEl). amounted to the equivalent of $16.5 million, ond, Francisco Morazan, of Honduras, or roughly half of an intraregional com­ 1830-39. The countries have already eliminated im­ port and export duties on most of the prod­ merce. Though the initial efforts proved un­ ucts they trade among themselves, and plan Cattle is the principal food commodity successful and the union disintegrated, to have a completely free trade area by 1965. involved. In 1960, Honduras exported $1.8 the great idea among Central Americans They are also well on the way toward estab­ million worth of cattle to El Salvador, and of union, kept alive by their far-visioned lishing a common tariff for all imports from Nicaragua sent $1.5 million worth to Costa. outside the region, which is another goal to Rica. Fruits and vegetables are the next statesmen, has never died. The creation biggest item, and are especially important in 1951 of the Organization of Central be achieved by 1965. to Guatemala. Other important commodi­ American States was an important mile­ The tariff agreements, of course, are only ties in intraregional trade are maize, sugar, stone in the development of this project the beginning. Economic integration plans manufactured foods (margarine, vinegar on a firm foundation. in Central America also include the estab­ and gelatin, for example), and vegetable and lishing of· a regional source of development seed oils. Appropriately holding its first formal credit (the Central American Bank for conference, August 18-24, 1955, in the Future intraregional trade 1s very closely Economic Integration), the adopting of a related to what is done in the field of in­ 17th century university of San Carlos common monetary unit to be used in trans­ vestments; for example, facilities for com­ Boromeo in Antigua, Guatemala, colo­ actions among the countries, laws to permit munication among the· member states are nial capital of the Spanish captaincy­ the free movement of people throughout the not at present very conducive to the ex­ general of what is now called Central area. without passport or visa restrictions, pansion of commerce, due mainly to the and a planned industrialization program. topographical conditions of the isthmus. America, this organization launched a The countries seek to encourage integrated series of programs that have gradually The Bank will do much to make funds avail­ industries, those that require access to the able to carry out the governments' plans for taken shape in practical forms. full regional market in order to be economi­ improving the transportation system. All These undertakings include the de­ cally feasible. For example, preliminary in­ the Central American countries have laws velopment of a common market system, dications are that Guatemala may produce that encourage foreign investments. Now the creation of a defense counsel, and tires; El Salvador, copper extrusions; Hon­ with a larger market and the Alliance for the establishment of the Central Amer­ duras, sulfuric acid; and Nicaragua, in­ Progress providing additional resources it is ican Phytosanitary Organization­ secticides. expected that both private and public capi­ In economic terms, what the countries are tal will flow to this region. OIRSA. Among the transcendent in­ seeking to aGhieve is "economies of scale." Progress in this respect is quite en­ :fiuences toward eventual unity is the This means that the unit cost for goods pro­ couraging. In the first 10 months of opera­ Pan American Highway, now approach­ duced to supply the entire integrated region tions, the Central American Bank has au­ ing completion. will be lower than unit cost for goods pro­ thorized credits worth nearly $3 million. So Although Panama has been invited duced for sale only in one country. Another far El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras to join the common market, its policy important gain will be in the region's terms have received three loans each and Nicara­ of trade, which is the relationship between is complicated by treaty interests in the gua. two. For example, these loans include: the prices a region gets for its exports and $175,000 for modernizing a soap factory in Panama Canal, which would have to be those it is required to pay for its imports. Honduras; $700,000 for establishing an in­ considered in any realisti_c_ appraisal. Integration will also fac111tate a more ra­ sulated wire and cable plant in El Salvador; Moreover, having been a part of Colom­ tional utilization of the human and natural and $937,204 to build and equip a metal bia prior to November 3, 1903, Panama 1s resources of the area, and make it easier to tubing factory near Managua. hlistorically linked with that country stabilize export earnings. At the second regular general meeting rather than with those of Central Amer­ The basic treaty of the Central American of the directors of the Central American ica. Common Market is the General Treaty of Bank for Economic Integration, held in In view of these facts, the publication Central American Integration, which was Managull in August 1962, an agreement was signed by El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, signed with the Inter-American Develop­ of an article by Nicolas Rivero IV in and Nicaragua in 1960 and by Costa Rica· in ment Bank whereby the two banks will co­ the January 26, 1963, issue of the Balti­ 1962. The General Treaty comprehends the operate to promote the economic integration more Sun, describing the present status main points of various agreements ·and pro­ and development of Central America. It was of the common market, 1s most timely. tocola that preceded it. announced at the meeting that the U.S. 1668 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 4 Agency for International Development dressed to the Speaker of the House, sub­ determined each month for that month's (AID) would lend $5 million to the CABEI mitting this proposal. investments. At the present time this aver­ to provide medium- and long-term credits age market yield is about 3% percent. There for agriculture and industry. This is in ad­ RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD, would be a rollover of the 3-percent special dition to loans already made to -individual Chicago, Ill., January 29, 1963. obligations in the fund over a 10-year period, governments or private entities. Hon. JoHN W. McCoRMACK, i.e. they would be converted into 10 equal 3- Last October, the economic and financial Speaker of the House of Representatives, percent parcels, with maturities from 1 to ministers of the American republics gathered Washington, D.C. 10 years, and at maturity, investments would in Mexico City for the annual conference of DEAR MR. SPEAKER: The Board submits be made at the new rate mentioned above. the Inter-American Economic and Social herewith a draft of a proposed blll to amend The interest rate on money borrowed by the Council (I-AECOSOC). It was the opinion the Railroad Retirement Act of 1937, the unemployment insurance fund from the of the delegations there that CABEI progress Railroad Retirement Tax Act, the Railroad railroad retirement account would be more in the last year was quite satisfactory. Unemployment Insurance Act and the Tem­ or less correspondingly increased (sees. 7 and As a result of the Mexico I-AECOSOC­ porary Extended Railroad Unemployment In­ 305). meeting the United States may make addi­ surance Benefits Act of 1961 to increase the ( 5) The amount to be set aside for meet­ tional funds available to the Central Ameri­ creditable and taxable compensation and for ing costs of administering the railroad un­ can Bank for Economic Integration so that other purposes. employment insurance system would be in­ it in turn may finance many projects in Cen­ As you know, the Railroad Retirement creased from 0.2 to 0.25 percent of taxable tral America at low interest rates. Also the Board administers the railroad retirement payroll (sec. 304). Inter-American Development Bank is going and the railroad unemployment insurance The labor member of the Board joins me to undertake the financing of a technical systems. Both systems have been under­ in support of all the changes described in assistance program for the Central American ftnanced for some time. As of now the rail­ items 1 to 5 above, although he favors Common Market. road retirement system has an actuarial also retaining the present 3-percent rate A sound foundation has been prepared for deficit of about $77 million a year and the earned by the special obligations in the the Central American Common Market, and railroad unemployment insurance system railroad retirement account as a :floor and CABEI is actually functioning. If Pana­ has an actual deficit of e.bout $300 million. would like to have an immediate conversion ma joins, a possibility contemplated in the These deficits have been called to the atten­ of the present special obligations into the general treaty, the market would be fur­ tion of the President, who, in his letter to special obligations bearing the newly pro­ ther enlarged, to the benefit of all. With a the Board dated September 22, 1961, re­ posed interest rates. The management mem­ common market in full operation, the re­ quested the Board to submit recommenda­ ber of the Board favors the changes described sulting intensification of trade, better tions for legislative changes designed to im­ in items 3, 4, and 5 above but is opposed to utilization of resources, and increased em­ prove the financial condition of the two the changes described in items 1 and 2 above. phasis on integrated industries can bring systems. In view of the financial condition of the about substantial economic development in The following changes embodied in the Central America. two systems, as above stated, I strongly urge bill would make the changes in the existing the enactment of the bill during this session law as follows: of the Congress. The enactment of these ( 1) The maximum monthly compensation recommendations would reduce the actuarial BILL TO AMEND THE RAILROAD RE­ for taxable and creditable purposes under deficiency of the railroad retirement ac­ TffiEMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT both systems would be increased from the count to 0.51 percent of taxable payroll or INSURANCE ACTS present $400 to $450. (Sees. 1, 2, 5, 6, 201, $24 million per year, which is within the 202, 301, 302, and 303 of the enclosed draft limits of permissible actuarial variation. Mr. HANNA. Mr. Speaker, I ask blll.) Similarly, the recommendation with respect unanimous consent that the gentleman (2) The maximum unemployment insur­ to the railroad unemployment insurance ac­ from Arkansas [Mr. HARRIS] may extend ance contribution rate would be increased count would help prevent any further in­ his remarks at this point in the RECORD from the present 3% percent to 4~ percent crease and would start reducing the existing and include extraneous matter. (sec. 302(a)). This would supersede the deficiency in that program. Accordingly, it The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there 4-percent rate prescribed for 1962 and 1963 is respectfully requested that you lay the objection to the request of the gentleman under the Temporary Extended Railroad Un­ proposed bill before the House. A similar from California? employment Insurance Benefits Act of 1961 bill has been submitted to the President of (Public Law 87-7) and would be a perma­ the Senate. There was no objection. nent part of the contribution rate table set The Board has been advised by the Bureau Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, I am in­ forth in section 8 of the Railroad Unemploy­ of the Budget ·that there is no objection to troducing .today, at the request of the ment Insurance Act (sec. 302(b)). the presentation of this draft legislation to Chairman of the Railroad Retirement (3) The method of financing military serv­ the Congress for its consideration and that Board, a bill to amend the Railroad Re­ ice credits under the Railroad Retirement its enactment would be in accord with the tirement Act of 1937, the Railroad Re­ Act would be changed from the present tax program of the President. tirement Tax Act, and the Railroad Un­ method (the Government paying the railroad Sincerely yours, retirement tax which would have been paid HOWARD W. HABERMEYER, employment Insurance Act.' by the employer and employee on $160 of Chairman. This bill was submitted by the Chair­ monthly "compensation," less the social se­ man of the Railroad Retirement Board curity taxes paid by Government and serv­ to the Speaker and referred by the icemen) to a modified "cost" method: actual SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED Speaker to the Committee on Interstate costs to the railroad system of the military and Foreign Commerce. It is the recom­ service credits, plus a factor, of about 25 per­ By unanimous consent, permission to mendation of the majority of the Board cent, to reflect some administrative costs address the House, following the legisla­ as to how the present deficiencies in the and a proportionate share of, what is in tive program and any special orders effect, an interest burden on the unfunded heretofore entered, was granted to: railroad retirement and unemployment liability of the railroad retirement system, insurance systems should be remedied. Mr. WHITENER, for 10 minutes, today. i.e., the cost of financing benefits, in the Mr. CRAMER, for 45 minutes, on Thurs­ The present actuarial deficiency in the early years of the system, based in whole or day, February 7. · railroad retirement account is some $77 in part on service which was not subject to million a year on a longrun basis. The tax or on service subject to tax rates insum­ deficiency of the unemployment insur­ clent to cover the cost of such benefits (sec. EXTENSION OF REMARKS ance account as of the close of last year 4). In addition, the blll provides against was approximately $300 million. duplication of payments by the Government By unanimous consent, permission to to the railroad retirement system and the extend remarks in the CONGRESSIONAL The bill would : First, increase the tax social security system for military service base of both systems from $400 to $450 credits. (The last sentence of section 4 of RECORD, or to revise and extend remarks, monthly compensation; second, increase the draft bill to be added to section 4(n) was granted to: the unemployment insurance rate--paid of the Railroad Retirement Act.) With these Mrs. SuLLIVAN and to include extrane­ only by the carriers-from 3% to 4~ changes, appropriation requests will be sub­ ous matter. percent; third, increase the interest rate mitted covering the liability incurred by the Mr. ALGER. on investments of the retirement funds; Government respecting military service cred­ .

'f. 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1671 cedures for contractor employees; to the By Mr. HERLONG: H.R. 3326. A bill to amend section 46, Committee on Foreign Affairs. H .R. 3312. A b1ll to amend title 38, United title 18, United States Code, with respect to H.R. 3300. A bill to amend the Civil Service States Code, to provide for the payment of transportation of water-hyacinths and seeds; Retirement Act to increase from 2 to 2 ~ pensions to veterans of World War I and to the Committee on the Judiciary. percent the retirement multiplication: factor their widows and dependents; to the Com­ H.R. 3327. A bill to provide that an honor­ used in computing annuities of certain em­ mittee on Veterans' Affairs. able discharge from the Armed Forces will ployees engaged in hazardous duties; to in­ By Mr. HUDDLESTON: expunge convictions for misdemeanors from crease from 6~ to 6% percent the deduc­ H.R. 3313. A bill to incorporate the U.S. the record of the member; to the Committee tion from the employees' basic salary for Submarine Veterans of World War II; to the on the Judiciary. retirement; and to set 60 as the mandatory Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. LONG of Maryland: retirement age for certain employees en­ By Mr. JOHNSON of California: H.R. 3328. A bill to transfer certain ad­ gaged in hazardous duties; to the Committee H.R. 3314. A bill to authorize the Secretary ministrative responsibility for the operation on Post Offi.ce and Civil Service. of the Interior to initiate a program for the of Washington National Airport and Dulles conservation, development, and enhancement By Mr. FINO: International Airport from the Administra­ of the Nation's anadromous fish in coopera­ tor of the Federal Aviation Agency to a H.R. 3301. A bill to amend the Annual and tion with the several States; to the Com­ Sick Leave Act of 1951 to provide lump-sum Washington Airports Board, and for other payment for the unused sick leave· to the mittee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. purposes; to the Committee on Interstate and By Mr. LANKFORD: Foreign Commerce. credit of an offi.cer or employee immediate­ H.R. 3315. A bill to equalize the pay of re­ ly prior to his separation from the service By Mr. MATI'HEWS: tired members of the uniformed services; to H.R. 3329. A bill to establish a program of on retirement; to the Committee on Post the Committee on Armed Services. Offi.ce and Civil Service. survival depots in order to provide subsist­ By Mr. LATI'A: ence for the large number of the civilian By Mr. FOGARTY: H.R. 3316. A bill to amend the Internal H.R. 3302. A bill to amend the Public population of the United States who would Revenue Code of 1954 to reduce the highway be evacuated from the devastated areas in Health Service Act to provide a 10-year pro­ use tax in the case of certain motor vehicles gram of grants for education in the fields the event of attack on the United States; to used primarily to haul unprocessed agricul­ the Committee on Armed Services. of medicine and dentistry, and for other tural products; to the Committee on Ways purposes; to the Committee on Interstate By Mr. MILLER of New York: and Means. H.R. 3330. A b111 to amend the Civil Rights and Foreign Commerce. By Mr. LIBONATI: H.R. 3303. A bill to amend the Public Act of 1957, and for other purposes; to the H.R. 3317. A bill to amend title 10 of the Committee on the Judiciary. Health Service Act to provide Federal as­ United States Code to provide for the estab­ sistance to States which award scholarships By Mr. MILLIKEN: lishment of a program of cash awards for H.R. 3331. A b111 to amend title II of the to students of medicine and dentistry; to suggestions or inventions made by members the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Social Security Act to increase the amount of the Armed Forces which contribute to ot outside earnings permitted each year Commerce. the efficiency, economy, or other improve­ By Mr. FULTON of Pennsylvania: without deductions from benefits there­ mep.t of Government operations in the gen­ under; to the Committee on Ways and Means. H .R. 3304. A bill to amend the Veterans' eral field under the supervision of the Sec­ Readjustment Assistance Act of 1952 to make retary of Defense; to the Committee on By Mr. MOORHEAD: the educational benefits provided for therein H.R. 3332. A bill to amend the Area Re­ Armed Services. development Act to permit the repayment available to all veterans whether or not H.R. 3318. A bill to amend chapter 79 of they serve during a period of war or of armed of assistance furnished from State and local title 10, United States Code, to provide that sources concurrently with the repayment of host111ties; to the Committee on Veterans' certain boards established thereunder shall Affairs. give consideration to satisfactory evidence Federal assistance in certain cases; to the By Mr. GIAIMO: relating to good character and exemplary Committee on Banking and Currency. H .R. 3305. A b111 to authorize assistance conduct in civilian life after discharge or By Mr. MULTER: for the construction of cooperative educa­ dismissal in determining whether or not to H.R. 3333. A bill to provide for the estab­ tional centers of excellence where institu­ correct certain discharges and dismissals; to lishment of a National Academy for Public tions of higher education In the same local­ authorize the award of an exemplary re­ Service; to the Committee on Post Office and ity can share the specialized facilities of habilitation certificate; and for other pur­ Civil Service. such centers; to the Committee on Educa­ poses; to the Committee on Armed Services·. By Mr. O'HARA of Michigan: tion and Labor. H.R. 3319. A bill to authorize the establish­ H.R. 3334. A bill to extend for 1 additional By Mr. HALEY: ment of a youth camp recreation program year the temporary provisions of Public H.R. 3306. A bill to establish a revolving to assist those organizations which have for Laws 815 and 874, 8lst Congress; to the fund from which the Secretary of the In­ their purpose the providing of healthful out­ Committee on Education and Labor. terior may make loans to finance the pro­ door and camp training for indigent children H.R. 3335. A b111 to extend for 1 additional curement of expert assistance by Indian and to inculcate the principles of American­ year the temporary provisions of Public Laws tribes in cases before the Indian Claims ism and loyalty to the Republic in these chil­ 815 and 874, 8lst Congress, and to extend Commission; to the Committee on Interior dren who are its citizens of the future; to their application to the District of Columbia; and Insular Affairs. the Committee on Education and Labor. to the Committee on Education and Labor. By Mr. HALL: H.R. 3320. A bill to reduce the maximum By Mr. OLSEN of Montana: H.R. 3307. A b111 to provide tax incentives workweek under the Fair Labor Standards H.R. 3336. A bill to provide for the issu­ to promote education in the United States; Act of 1938, as amended, to 35 hours, and for ance of· a special postage stamp in commem­ to the Committee on Ways and Means. other purposes; to the Committee on Edu­ oration of the 150th anniversary of the 1st By Mr. HALPERN: cation and Labor. census of manufactures conducted by the H.R. 3308. A b111 to amend the Arms Con­ H.R. 3321. A b111 to provide financial as­ U.S. Government; to the Committee on Post trol and Disarmament Act in order to in­ sistance for the support of public schools Offi.ce and Civil Service. crease the authorization for appropriations by appropriating funds to the States to be H.R. 3337. A b111 to amend title 38, United and to modify the personnel security pro­ used for constructing school facilities and States Code, to provide for the payment of cedures for contractor employees; to the for teachers' salaries; to the Committee on pensions to veterans of World War I and Committee on Foreign Affairs. Education and Labor. their widows and dependents; to the Com­ By Mr. HARDING: H.R. 3322. A b111 to amend title 35 of the mittee on Veterans' Affairs. H.R. 3309. A bill to amend the Internal United States Code to provide for extension By Mr. PELLY: Revenue Code of 1954 to provide an income of terms of patents; to the Committee on the H.R. 3338. A b111 to provide medical care tax deduction for certain expenses of at­ Judiciary. for certain persons engaged on board a ves­ tending colleges and universities; to the H.R. 3323. A b111 to amend section 312 of sel in the care, preservation, or navigation of Committee on Ways and Means. the Immigration and Nationality Act to ex­ such vessel; to the Committee on Interstate By Mr. HARRIS: empt certain additional persons from the and Foreign Commerce . . H.R. 3310. A bill to amend the Railroad requirements as to understanding the Eng­ By Mr. RIEHLMAN: Retirement Act of 1937, the Railroad Retire­ lish language before their naturalization as H.R. 3339. A bill to amend section 114 of ment Tax Act, the Railroad Unemployment citizens of the United States; to the Commit­ the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 to state Insurance Act, and the Temporary Extended tee on the Judiciary. the policy of Congress with respect to re­ Railroad Unemployment Insurance Bene­ H.R. 3324. A b111 to amend the Bankruptcy imbursement for certain highways on the fits Act of 1961 to increase the creditable and Act to prohibit the discharge of debts and Interstate System; to the Committee on Pub­ taxable compensation and for .other pur­ obligations of which moral turpitude is the lic Works. poses; to the Committee on Interstate and gist of the action; to the Committee on the By Mr. RIVERS of Alaska: Foreign Commerce. Judiciary, H .R. 3340. A bill to amend the Internal By Mr. HECHLER: H.R. 3325. A bill to amend the provisions Revenue Code of 1954 with respect to the H.R. 3311. A bill to amend the Public· of title 28 of the United Sta.tes Code relating estate and gift tax treatment of employees' Works Acceleration Act to increase the au­ to the disqualification of judges of the U.S. survivors annuities under State and local thorization contained therein, and for other district courts tor personal blaa or prejudice; retirement systems; to the Committee on purposes; to the Committee on Public Works. to the Committee on the Judiciary. Ways and Means. 1672 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 4 By Mr. ROBISON: respect to the situation in Cuba, to restate the Rules of the House of Representatives; H.R. 3341. A bill to amend the Civil Rights and implement the Monroe Doctrine, and to to the Committee on Rules. Act of 1957, and for other purposes; to the encourage adherence to the principles of self­ H. Res. 241. Resolution to amend rule XXI Committee on the Judiciary. determination and human freedom; to the of the Rules of the House ·or Representatives By Mr. ROSTENKOWSKI: Committee on Foreign Affairs. to require the yeas and nays in the case of H.R. 3342. A bill to provide for the estab­ By Mr. FISHER: final action by the House of Representatives lishment of a permanent commission on air­ H.J. Res. 228. Joint resolution proposing on general appropriation bills; to the Com­ craft noise-abatement problems, and for an amendment to the Constitution of the mittee on Rules. other purposes; to the Committee on Inter­ United States to place a limit on the extent By Mr. FARBSTEIN: state and Foreign Commerce. to which social security taxes (or taxes un­ H. Res. 242. Resolution expressing the By Mr. SAYLOR: der any similar Federal retirement or dis­ sense of the House of Representatives in H.R. 3343. A bill to authorize the acquisi­ ability insurance system) may be increased; favor of direct negotiation between Israel tion of and the payment for a fiowage ease­ to the-Committee on the Judiciary. and the Arab States in the search for peace; ment and rights-of-way over lands within By Mr. JOHANSEN: to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. the Allegany Indian Reservation in New H.J. Res. 229. Joint resolution expressing York, required by the United States for the the determination of the United States with Allegheny River (Kinzua Dam) project, to respect to the situation in Cuba; to the Com­ MEMORIALS provide for the relocation, rehabilitation, so­ mit tee on Foreign Affairs. cial, and economic development of the mem­ By Mr. LINDSAY: Under clause 4 of rule XXII, memorials bers of the Seneca Nation, and for other pur­ H.J. Res. 230. Joint resolution designating were presented and referred as follows: poses; to the Committee on Interior and the week of May 20- 26, 1963, as National Ac­ By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the Legis­ Insular Affairs. tors' Equity Week; to the Committee on the lature of the State of Idaho, memorializing H.R. 3344. A bill to provide for the estab­ Judiciary. the President and the Congress of the United lishment of the Indiana Dunes National By Mr. MINISH: States to resist further expansion of social Lakeshore, and for other purposes; to the H .J. Res. 231. Joint resolution to establish security into the occupational disability Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. a free and universal franchise throughout field and to reject any further intrusion of By Mr. SCHWEIKER: the United States; to the Committee on the social security into the workmen's compen­ H.R. 3345. A bill for the establishment of Judiciary. sation field; to the Committee on Ways and a Commission on the Reorganization of the ByMr.QUIE: Means. Legislative Branch of the Government; to H.J. Res. 232. Joint resolution proposing Also, memorial of the Legislature of the t he Committee on Rules. an amendment to the Constitution of the State of Idaho, memorializing the President By Mr. SILER: United States providing for the election of H.R. 3346. A bill to provide for an appro­ the President and Vice President; to the and the Congress of the United States to give priation of a sum not exceeding $175,000 with Committee on the Judiciary. immediate attention to and request action which to make a survey of proposed national By Mr. WIDNALL: necessary to place the lumber industry of parkway extensions or connections to Blue H.J. Res. 233. Joint resolution proposing the United States on an equitable and com­ Ridge Parkway, Great Smoky Mountains Na­ an amendment to the Constitution of the petitive basis with foreign manufacturers tional Park; Foothills Parkway, Mammoth United States relative to equal rights for through the use of a quota system or other Cave National Park; and Natchez Trace men and women; to t he Committee on the means, to the end that domestic manufac­ P arkway; and for other purposes; to the Judiciary. turers are not placed at a disadvantage with Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. By Mr. TOLL: resultant loss of markets, etc.; to the Com­ mittee on Ways and Means. ~ By Mr. TRIMBLE: H. Con. Res. 77. Concurrent resolution ex­ H.R. 3347. A bill to authorize the Secre­ pressing the sense of Congress with respect tary of the Army to construct Pine Moun­ to recent manifestations of anti-Semitism in tain Dam on Lee Creek, Ark.; to the Com­ the Soviet Union, and calling upon the Soviet PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS mittee on Public Works. Union to guarantee human rights; to the Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private By Mr. TUPPER: Committee on Foreign Affairs. bills and resolutions were introduced and H .R. 3348. A bill to amend section 316 of H. Con. Res. 78. Concurrent resolution to severally referred as follows: the Social Security Amendments of 1958 to express the sense of the Congress that the extend the time within which teachers and U.S. mission to the United Nations should By Mr. ADDABBO: other employees covered by the same retire­ seek the adoption by the United Nations of H .R . 3353. A bill for the relief of Francesca ment system in the State of Maine may be a resolution condemning the recent mani­ Cusumano; to the Committee on the treated as being covered by separate retire­ festations of anti-Semitism in the Soviet Judiciary. ment systems for purposes of the old-age, Union; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. By Mr. BECKER: survivors, and disability insurance program; By Mr. UDALL: H.R. 3354. A bill for the relief of certain re­ to the Committee on Ways and Means. H. Con. Res. 79. Concurrent resolution to tired officers of the Army, Navy, and Air By Mr. WHALLEY: establish a Joint Committee on Ethics in Force; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 3349. A bill to provide that primary the legislative branch of Government; to the By Mr. BROOMFIELD: elections and runoff primary elections for Committee on Rules. H.R. 3355. A bill for the relief of Giusep­ nominations of candidates for the House of pina Serra; to the Committee on the By Mr. BARRY: Judiciary. Representatives shall be held on the same H. Res. 234. Resolution amending clause day throughout the United States; to the By Mr. BUCKLEY: 2(a) of rule XI and clause 4 of rule XXI of H.R. 3356. A bill for the relief of Josephine Committee on House Administration. the Rules of the House of Representatives; H.R. 3350. A bill to provide for the estab­ Maria (Bonaccorso) Bowtell; to the Commit­ to the Committee on Rules. tee on the Judiciary. lishment of the Allegheny Portage Railroad By Mr. BROCK: National Historic Site and the Johnstown By Mr. CLANCY: H. Res. 235. Resolution amending clause H.R. 3357. A bill for the relief of Monika Flood National Memorial in the State of 2(a) of rule XI and clause 4 of rule XXI of Pennsylvania, and for other purposes; to the Giesen; to the Committee on the Judiciary. the Rules of the House of Representatives; By Mr. COLLIER: Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. to the Committee on Rules. By Mr. WHITENER: H.R. 3358. A bill for the relief of Elias H.R. 3351. A bill to amend title II of the By Mr. BUCKLEY: Dialektakos; to the Committee on the Social Security Act to provide a more realis­ H. Res. 236. Resolution to provide funds Judiciary. tic definition of the term "disability'' for for the expenses of the studies, investiga­ H.R. 3359. A bill for the relief of Panagiota purposes of entitlement to disability insur­ tions, and inquiries authorized by House Kallianioti; to the Committee on the ance benefits and the disability freeze; to Resolution 56; to the Committee on House Judiciary. the Committee on Ways and Means. Administration. By Mr. CONTE: By Mr. WIDNALL: - H. Res. 237. Resolution to provide for the H.R. 3360. A bill to confer jurisdiction on H.R. 3352. A bill to provide for the District further expenses of the investigation and the U.S. Court of Claims to hear, determine, of Columbia an appointed Governor and sec­ study authorized by House Resolution 56; and render judgment on the claim of Dr. retary, and an elected legislative assembly to the Committee on House Administration. Thomas C. Conway against the United states; and nonvoting Delegate to the House of Rep­ By Mr. CELLER: to the Committee on the Judiciary. resentatives, and for other purposes; to the H. Res. 238. Resolution to amend the Rules By Mr. FARBSTEIN: Committee on the District of Columbia. of the House of Representatives; to the Com­ · H.R. 3361. A bill for the relief of Moshe By Mr. CLARK: mittee on Rules. Nussbacher; to the Committee on the H.J. Res. 226. Joint resolution proposing By Mr. COOLEY: Judiciary. an amendment to t}le Constitution of the H. Res. 239. Resolution to provide funds By Mr. FINNEGAN: United States relative to equal rights for for the expense of studies and investigations . H.R. 3362. A bill for the relief of Jean men and women; to the Committee on the authorized by House Reso~utlon 38; to the Yithoulcas; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Committee on House Administration. Judiciary. . · ~- By Mr. CRAMER: By Mr, DEVlNE;. _ · H.R. 8363. A bill for the relief of Ioannla H.J. R~. 227. Joint resolution expressing H. Res_. 240. Res.olutiPJl am.ending clause Filopoulus; to the Committee on the Judi­ the determination of the United States with 2(a) of rule XI and clause 4 of rule XXI of ciary. 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECQRD- SENATE 1673 By Mr. FINO: 33. By Mrs. ST. GEORGE: Petition of the State of Montana, to perform the duties H.R. 3364. A blll for . the relief of Mrs. Franklin c. dapps and' 48 -others, to preserve of the Chair during my absence. · Vera Gwendolyn Sawyer (nee Edwards); to the Monroe Doctrine; to the Committee on CARL HAYDEN, the Committee on the Judiciary. Foreign Affairs. Pre~ident pro tempore. By Mr. GILBERT: 34. By Mr. SHRIVER: Resolution submit­ H.R. 3365. A bill for the relief of Winston ted by Mrs. George H. Becker, Peabody, Mr. METCALF thereupon took the Lloyd McKay; to the Committee on the Kans., legislative chairman, in behalf of the chair as Acting President pro tempore. Judiciary. American Legion Auxiliary Post 95 of Pea­ By Mr. GROSS: body, recommending to the Congress that the H.R. 3366. A bill for the relief of Ferenc House Committee on Un-American Activi­ THE JOURNAL Molnar; to the Committee on the Judiciary. ties be given full support of Congress and By Mr. KEOGH: that appropriations requested by Mr. WALTER On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and by H.R. 3367. A bill for the relief of Alice and House Un-American Activities Commit­ unanimous consent, the reading of the Fellin; to the Committee on the Judiciary. tee be approved; to the Committee on House Journal of the proceedings of Thursday, By Mr. LANKFORD: Administration. January 31, 1963, was dispensed with. H.R. 3368. A bill to authorize the Admin­ 35. By Mr. TEAGUE of California: Peti­ istrator, General Services Administration, to tion of certain citizens of the 13th Congres­ convey, by quitclaim deed, a parcel of land sional District of California to preserve the MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT to the Lexington Park Volunteer Fire Depart­ Monroe Doctrine; to the Committee on For­ ment, Inc.; to the Committee on Government eign Affairs. Messages in writing from the Presi­ Operations. 36. By the SPEAKER: Petition of Eugene dent of the United States were communi­ By Mr. MciNTIRE: G. Evans, Jr., M.D., Hendersonville, N.C., re­ cated to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one H.R. 3369. A bill for the relief of Mrs. questing the impeachment of John Fitzger­ of his secretaries. Elizabeth G. Mason; to the Committee on the ald Kennedy, President of the United States Judiciary. of America, for using the Armed Forces of By Mr. MOORE: the United States as a posse comitatus in REPORT ON PROGRAM FOR ESTAB­ H.R. 3370. A bill for the relief of Lydia Oxford, Miss., in October, 1962-thls action Lazaro; to the Committee on the Judiciary. being a criminal violation; to the Committee LISHMENT OF COMMERCIAL COM­ H.R. 3371. A bill for the relief of Jaime on the Judiciary. MUNICATIONS SATELLITE SYS­ E. Lazaro; to the Committee on the Judiciary. 37. Also petition of Clarence E. Whaley, TEM-MESSAGE FROM THE PRES­ H.R. 3372. A bill for the relief of Dr. Fidel San Jose, Calif., calling for the impeach­ Rodriguez-Cubas; to the Committee on the ment of John F. Kennedy, President of the IDENT