UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANACHAMPAIGN CLASSICS The person charging this material is re- sponsible for its return to the library from which it was withdrawn on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for disciplinary action and may result in dismissal from the University. To renew call Telephone Center, 333-8400 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN L161—O-1096 i>''^/'/syC/ ILLINOIS CLASSICAL STUDIES VOLUME VIII.l SPRING 1983 J. K. Newman, Editor ISSN 0363-1923 ILLINOIS CLASSICAL STUDIES VOLUME VIII. 1 Spring 1983 J. K. Newman, Editor SCHOLARS PRESS ISSN 0363-1923 ILLINOIS CLASSICAL STUDIES VOLUME VIII.l STUDIES IN HONOR OF JOHN LEWIS HELLER ©1983 Scholars Press 101 Salem Street P.O. Box 2268 Chico, California 95927 Printed in the U.S.A. ADVISORY EDITORIAL COMMITTEE David F. Bright Howard Jacobson G. Michael Browne Harold C. Gotoff Responsible Editor: J. K. Newman The Editor welcomes contributions, which should not normally exceed twenty double-spaced typed pages, on any topic relevant to the elucida- tion of classical antiquity, its transmission or influence. Consistent with the maintenance of scholarly rigor, contributions are especially appropriate which deal with major questions of interpretation, or which are likely to interest a wider academic audience. Care should be taken in presentation to avoid technical jargon, and the trans-rational use of acronyms. Homines cum hominibus loquimur. Contributions should be addressed to: The Editor, Illinois Classical Studies, Department of the Classics, 4072 Foreign Languages Building, 707 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801 JOHN LEWIS HELLER Professor Emeritus of the Classics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Preface The current issue of Illinois Classical Studies is dedicated to Dr. John Lewis Heller, Professor Emeritus of the Classics at the University of Illinois and, from 1949-1966, Head of Department. A portrait will be found at the front of this volume, and a vita and list of publications at the end. John Heller's patience and self-effacing kindliness are known to us all. Called from Minnesota in 1949, following the shock of W. A. Oldfather's untimely death, he guided the Department during one of its most brilliant periods. His role as maieutikos and mentor in this renais- sance of our studies both on and off campus was fittingly recognized at the national level in 1966 by his election as President of the American Philological Association. Since his retirement, he has characteristically been busier than ever, and at long last has found time for the publication of his eagerly expected major works on Linnaeus, a fine example in our age of cross- disciplinary research! His gracious wife Suzanne has supported him over the years in bearing all the burdens of his calling and offices. The Department here and scholars from across the country and world join in saluting their honored colleague. Ad multos annos! With this issue, the editorship of Illinois Classical Studies passes from its founder. Professor Miroslav Marcovich. The new editor takes this opportunity of expressing the inadequate thanks of the Department of the Classics for Professor Marcovich's heroic labors in our day in the service of classical scholarship. No one who has not wrestled with problems of finance, format, presentation, balanced contributions, edit- ing, can fully appreciate the delicacy, subtlety, calm as well as firmness and bold resolution which Professor Marcovich has brought to his task. The seven numbers over which he has presided and the continuing lively growth of our journal will be his testimonial. Si monumentum requiris, circumspice. viii Preface The incoming Responsible Editor would like to acknowledge the help of his Advisory Committee, Professors Bright, Browne, Jacobson and Gotoff. The reader will notice that a change has been made to a different format, thanks to the use of the UNIX* computerized typeset- ting system. Our typist has shown energy and determination in coping with a new keyboard. Frances Stickney Newman has devoted countless hours to the complex problems of formatting and presentation of demanding texts. Without her assistance this whole project would have been unthinkable. Timely advice was always forthcoming from Mr. Edmund DeWan of the Computing Services Office, University of Illi- nois; special thanks are also offered to Debbie Hudson and Darlene Hawkins for keeping the project moving. Professor Brian Dutton of the Department of Spanish, Italian and Portuguese offered help at crucial moments. Dr. William Plater, Associate Director of the School of Humani- ties, inspired our metamorphosis and deserves particularly warm thanks for his generous support and advocacy of the new technology. His aid has been indispensable. These changes are meant to serve a purpose. It is not for nothing that the professorship of Latin is, in certain Scottish universities, still known as the professorship of Humanity: and certainly the greatest humanist whom the new Editor had the privilege of encountering as a student was also a Latinist, Eduard Fraenkel. Just as Ennius was inter- preted as speaking of himself when he described the friend of Geminus Servilius, so Fraenkel may be thought to have reflected his own deepest ideals when he described Wilamowitz: Nor are there here (nor, for that matter, in anything that Wilamowitz wrote) any departmental barriers. For him there was no such thing as a watertight compartment of textual criticism, another of historical grammar, another of metre, another of history of religion, another of ancient law, and so forth. No single subsection of the technique of research was allowed to get the better of the rest: they had all to be subservient and to co-operate to one purpose only, the adequate in- terpretation of the text in hand. These names are rightly and fittingly placed at the threshold of this new issue. When we forget their universality, we forget what makes our studies humane. Nisi ad regulam, prava non corriges. J. K, Newman *UNIX is a Trademark of Bell Laboratories. 1 Contents 1. Some reflections on the 'penultimate' accent 1 W. SIDNEY ALLEN, Trinity College, Cambridge 2. Chalinus armiger in Plautus' Casina 1 WILLIAM S. ANDERSON, University of California, Berkeley 3. Ennius Lyricus 22 GEORGE SHEETS, University of Minnesota 4. Comic Elements in Catullus 51 33 J. K. NEWMAN, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign 5. The Warp and Woof of the Universe in Lucretius 37 JANE McINTOSH SNYDER, The Ohio State University 6. Virgil and the Elegiac Sensibility 44 E. J. KENNEY, Peterhouse, Cambridge 7. The Literary Background of Virgil's Georgics 60 ANTONIO TOVAR, Madrid - Tubingen 8. Invidia infelix: Vergil, Georgics 3. 31-39 65 M. W. DICKIE, University of Illinois at Chicago 9. Horace Epode 9: Some New Interpretations 80 FRANCIS CAIRNS, University of Liverpool 10. The Cause of Ovid's Exile 94 G. P. GOOLD, Yale University 11. The Text of St. Prosper's De Providentia Dei 108 MIROSLAV MARCOVICH, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign 12. Some Aesopic Fables in Byzantium and the Latin West 122 JOHN-THEOPHANES A. PAPADEMETRIOU, University of Athens X Contents 13. The Art of Rhetoric in Gregor Reisch and Conrad Celtes 137 JOHN J. BATEMAN, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign 14. Is it Really the Accusative? 155 PAUL A. GAENG, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign 15. More Roman Light on Rabbinic Texts 165 HOWARD JACOBSON, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign John Lewis Heller: Vita and Bibliography 168 Plate Rethorica following p. 140 1 Some reflections on the 'penultimate' accent W. SIDNEY ALLEN Languages with fixed stress accents display a variety of positional rules. The initial syllable is stressed, for example, in Icelandic, Gaelic, Czech and Hungarian; the second syllable in some Amerindian languages; the final syllable in Armenian and many Turkic languages; the penultimate syllable in Welsh, Polish, and generally in the Bantu languages; the antepenultimate in Macedonian. Some languages show varying degrees of departure from the norm (generally connected with grammatical fac- tors); and, as even the above selection illustrates, the rules may differ within a genetic group, thus implying changes of rule within the history of a given language. In Armenian also internal evidence points to an earlier penultimate stress.' In some other languages the position of the accent, though fixed, is subject to more complex rules, and Latin is a well-known example of this type. Although it is commonly referred to as the 'penultimate' rule, the penultimate syllable is in fact only stressed (in words of more than two syllables^) if it is heavy, that is, if the syllable contains a long vowel or has a closing consonant, as re.la.tus or re.fec.tus: otherwise the stress falls on the antepenultimate, whether heavy or light, as no.mi.na, cbr.po.ra, do. minus (and for this reason this type of accent will be referred to throughout as 'penultimate' in quotation marks). By this rule the final syllable is never stressed, and indeed its non- involvement may be seen as even more completely exclusive. The condition for the accentuation of a light (antepenultimate) syllable in Latin is that it must be followed by a light; the fact that a light 'On Celtic and on Balto-Slavic cf. J. Kurylowitz, Problemes de linguistiqiw iiuio- eiiropeenne (Wroclaw 1977), pp. 219 note 62, 223 ff. ^Disyllables require special consideration, and might best be treated in the context of a theory mentioned in the following note. 2 Illinois Classical Studies, VIII. 1 penultimate is not stressed even if the final is light (e.g. *facile) could therefore be interpreted to mean that the final not only is itself unac- centable but also may not participate in the accentual environment.^ The few exceptions to the non-accentuation of the final syllable result from historical shortenings by contraction, syncope, or apocope of words in which the accent was formerly penultimate: thus e.g.