Liberation and Liberality in Roman Funerary Commemoration
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Ius Militare – Military Courts in the Roman Law (I)
International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) ISSN 2307-4531 (Print & Online) http://gssrr.org/index.php?journal=JournalOfBasicAndApplied --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ius Militare – Military Courts in the Roman Law (I) PhD Dimitar Apasieva*, PhD Olga Koshevaliskab a,bGoce Delcev University – Shtip, Shtip 2000, Republic of Macedonia aEmail: [email protected] bEmail: [email protected] Abstract Military courts in ancient Rome belonged to the so-called inconstant coercions (coercitio), they were respectively treated as “special circumstances courts” excluded from the regular Roman judicial system and performed criminal justice implementation, strictly in conditions of war. To repress the war torts, as well as to overcome the soldiers’ resistance, which at moments was violent, the king (rex) himself at first and the highest new established magistrates i.e. consuls (consules) afterwards, have been using various constrained acts. The authority of such enforcement against Roman soldiers sprang from their “military imperium” (imperium militiae). As most important criminal and judicial organs in conditions of war, responsible for maintenance of the military courtesy, were introduced the military commander (dux) and the array and their subsidiary organs were the cavalry commander, military legates, military tribunals, centurions and regents. In this paper, due to limited available space, we will only stick to the main military courts in ancient Rome. Keywords: military camp; tribunal; dux; recruiting; praetor. 1. Introduction “[The Romans...] strictly cared about punishments and awards of those who deserved praise or lecture… The military courtesy was grounded at the fear of laws, and god – for people, weapon, brad and money are the power of war! …It was nothing more than an army, that is well trained during muster; it was no possible for one to be defeated, who knows how to apply it!” [23]. -
INGO GILDENHARD Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Latin Text, Study Aids with Vocabulary, and Commentary CICERO, PHILIPPIC 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119
INGO GILDENHARD Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Latin text, study aids with vocabulary, and commentary CICERO, PHILIPPIC 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Latin text, study aids with vocabulary, and commentary Ingo Gildenhard https://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2018 Ingo Gildenhard The text of this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the text; to adapt the text and to make commercial use of the text providing attribution is made to the author(s), but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work. Attribution should include the following information: Ingo Gildenhard, Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119. Latin Text, Study Aids with Vocabulary, and Commentary. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2018. https://doi. org/10.11647/OBP.0156 Every effort has been made to identify and contact copyright holders and any omission or error will be corrected if notification is made to the publisher. In order to access detailed and updated information on the license, please visit https:// www.openbookpublishers.com/product/845#copyright Further details about CC BY licenses are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/ All external links were active at the time of publication unless otherwise stated and have been archived via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine at https://archive.org/web Digital material and resources associated with this volume are available at https://www. -
Flexsenhar-Mastersreport
Copyright by Michael A. Flexsenhar III 2013 The Report Committee for Michael A. Flexsenhar III Certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis report: No Longer a Slave: Manumission in the Social World of Paul APPROVED BY SUPERVISING COMMITTEE: Supervisor: L. Michael White Steven J. Friesen No Longer a Slave: Manumission in the Social World of Paul by Michael A. Flexsenhar III, B.A., M.T.S. Report Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts The University of Texas at Austin May 2013 Dedication In memoriam Janet Ruth Flexsenhar mea avia piissima Abstract No Longer a Slave: Manumission in the Social World of Paul Michael A. Flexsenhar III, M.A. The University of Texas at Austin, 2013 Supervisor: L. Michael White The Roman Empire was a slave society. New Testament and Early Christian scholars have long recognized that slaves formed a substantial portion of the earliest Christian communities. Yet there has been extensive debate about manumission, the freeing of a slave, both in the wider context of the Roman Empire and more specifically in Paul’s context. 1 Cor. 7:20-23 is a key passage for understanding both slavery and manumission in Pauline communities, as well as Paul’s own thoughts on these two contentious issues. The pivotal verse is 1 Cor. 7:21. The majority opinion is that Paul is suggesting slaves should become free, i.e., manumitted, if they are able. In order to better understand this biblical passage and its social implications, this project explores the various types of manumissions operative the Roman world: the legal processes and results; the factors that galvanized and constrained manumissions; the political and social environment surrounding manumission in Corinth during Paul’s ministry; as well as the results of manumission as it relates to Paul’s communities. -
Expulsion from the Senate of the Roman Republic, C.319–50 BC
Ex senatu eiecti sunt: Expulsion from the Senate of the Roman Republic, c.319–50 BC Lee Christopher MOORE University College London (UCL) PhD, 2013 1 Declaration I, Lee Christopher MOORE, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 Thesis abstract One of the major duties performed by the censors of the Roman Republic was that of the lectio senatus, the enrolment of the Senate. As part of this process they were able to expel from that body anyone whom they deemed unequal to the honour of continued membership. Those expelled were termed ‘praeteriti’. While various aspects of this important and at-times controversial process have attracted scholarly attention, a detailed survey has never been attempted. The work is divided into two major parts. Part I comprises four chapters relating to various aspects of the lectio. Chapter 1 sees a close analysis of the term ‘praeteritus’, shedding fresh light on senatorial demographics and turnover – primarily a demonstration of the correctness of the (minority) view that as early as the third century the quaestorship conveyed automatic membership of the Senate to those who held it. It was not a Sullan innovation. In Ch.2 we calculate that during the period under investigation, c.350 members were expelled. When factoring for life expectancy, this translates to a significant mean lifetime risk of expulsion: c.10%. Also, that mean risk was front-loaded, with praetorians and consulars significantly less likely to be expelled than subpraetorian members. -
Mussolini's Ambiguous and Opportunistic Conception of Romanità
“A Mysterious Revival of Roman Passion”: Mussolini’s Ambiguous and Opportunistic Conception of Romanità Benjamin Barron Senior Honors Thesis in History HIST-409-02 Georgetown University Mentored by Professor Foss May 4, 2009 “A Mysterious Revival of Roman Passion”: Mussolini’s Ambiguous and Opportunistic Conception of Romanità CONTENTS Preface and Acknowledgments ii List of Illustrations iii Introduction 1 I. Mussolini and the Power of Words 7 II. The Restrained Side of Mussolini’s Romanità 28 III. The Shift to Imperialism: The Second Italo-Ethiopian War 1935 – 1936 49 IV. Romanità in Mussolini’s New Roman Empire 58 Conclusion 90 Bibliography 95 i PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I first came up with the topic for this thesis when I visited Rome for the first time in March of 2008. I was studying abroad for the spring semester in Milan, and my six-month experience in Italy undoubtedly influenced the outcome of this thesis. In Milan, I grew to love everything about Italy – the language, the culture, the food, the people, and the history. During this time, I traveled throughout all of Italian peninsula and, without the support of my parents, this tremendous experience would not have been possible. For that, I thank them sincerely. This thesis would not have been possible without a few others whom I would like to thank. First and foremost, thank you, Professor Astarita, for all the time you put into our Honors Seminar class during the semester. I cannot imagine how hard it must have been to read all of our drafts so intently. Your effort has not gone unnoticed. -
{Replace with the Title of Your Dissertation}
Haec Templa: Religion in Cicero’s Orations A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY NICHOLAS ROBERT WAGNER IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Spencer Cole April 2019 © NICHOLAS WAGNER 2019 Acknowledgements I would first like to thank my advisor, Spencer Cole, who provided helpful feedback and recommendations throughout the entire process of this dissertation and deserves singular acknowledgement. The project originated with a 2013 course on Roman religion. That, along with numerous meetings and emails, has been fundamental to my approach to the subject. I would also like to thank my other committee members, Christopher Nappa, Andrew Gallia, and Richard Graff, all of whom provided immensely useful feedback at various stages, both in the scope of the project and future directions to train my attention. Next, thanks are due to the faculty and the graduate students in the Department of Classical and Near Eastern Studies at the University of Minnesota. Their support over the years has been invaluable, both academically and socially. Special thanks are due to current student Joshua Reno and former student Rachael Cullick. Lunches with them, where they patiently heard my ideas in its earliest stages, will be ever-cherished. Finally, I would like to thank my parents and siblings for their endless support over the years. Sometimes a nice meal or a break at the movies is exactly what was needed. i Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my parents and their parents. ii Table of Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 Cicero and Lived Religion ........................................................................................................ -
Interspecific Social Dominance Mimicry in Birds
bs_bs_banner Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014. With 6 figures Interspecific social dominance mimicry in birds RICHARD OWEN PRUM1,2* 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8150, USA 2Peabody Natural History Museum, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8150, USA Received 3 May 2014; revised 17 June 2014; accepted for publication 21 July 2014 Interspecific social dominance mimicry (ISDM) is a proposed form of social parasitism in which a subordinate species evolves to mimic and deceive a dominant ecological competitor in order to avoid attack by the dominant, model species. The evolutionary plausibility of ISDM has been established previously by the Hairy-Downy game (Prum & Samuelson). Psychophysical models of avian visual acuity support the plausibility of visual ISDM at distances ∼>2–3 m for non-raptorial birds, and ∼>20 m for raptors. Fifty phylogenetically independent examples of avian ISDM involving 60 model and 93 mimic species, subspecies, and morphs from 30 families are proposed and reviewed. Patterns of size differences, phylogeny, and coevolutionary radiation generally support the predic- tions of ISDM. Mimics average 56–58% of the body mass of the proposed model species. Mimics may achieve a large potential deceptive social advantage with <20% reduction in linear body size, which is well within the range of plausible, visual size confusion. Several, multispecies mimicry complexes are proposed (e.g. kiskadee- type flycatchers) which may coevolve through hierarchical variation in the deceptive benefits, similar to Müllerian mimicry. ISDM in birds should be tested further with phylogenetic, ecological, and experimental investigations of convergent similarity in appearance, ecological competition, and aggressive social interactions between sympatric species. -
Roman Art from the Louvre
Roman Art from the Louvre Resource for Educators American Federation of Arts Roman Art from the Louvre Resource for Educators American Federation of Arts Roman Art from the Louvre is organized by the American Federation of Arts and the Musée du Louvre. The exhibition is supported by an indemnity American Federation of Arts 305 East 47th Street, 10th floor from the Federal Council on the Arts and the Humanities. New York, NY 10017 212.988.7700 The AFA is a nonprofit institution that organizes art exhibitions for presen- www.afaweb.org tation in museums around the world, publishes scholarly exhibition cata- logues, and develops educational materials and programs. © 2007 American Federation of Arts All materials included in this resource may be reproduced for educational purposes. Please direct questions about this resource to: Suzanne Elder Burke Director of Education American Federation of Arts 212.988.7700 x226 [email protected] Exhibition Itinerary Indianapolis Museum of Art September 23, 2007–January 6, 2008 Seattle Art Museum February 21–May 11, 2008 Oklahoma City Museum of Art June 19–October 12, 2008 Design/Production: Emily Lessard Front cover: Fragment of a Relief of a Double Suovetaurilia Sacrifice (detail), 1st or 2nd quarter of 1st century A.D. (no. 4) Back cover: Knife Handle in the Shape of a Thracian Gladiator, 2nd half of 1st century A.D. (no. 6) CONTENTS About This Resource 4 Exhibition Overview 5 Ancient Roman Society 6 History of Ancient Rome Government—The Emperor and the Senate Citizenship Non-Citizens—Foreigners, Slaves, and Freedmen Leisure 10 The Baths Roman Theater Circus Maximus The Amphitheater Religion 11 Guide to Roman Gods and Goddesses 13 Guide to Roman Vessel Forms 16 Interesting Facts about Ancient Rome 18 Selected Works of Art 19 1. -
Bylaws of the Roman Republic
1 INDEX 1. Definition – page 2 25. Number of Directors (Magister Lictor Curiati) 2. Execution of Documents – page 3 – page 11 3. Financial Year – page 3 26. Term of Office of Directors (Magister Lictor 4. Banking Arrangements – page 3 Curiati) – page 11 5. Borrowing Powers – page 3 6. Annual Financial Statements – page 4 27. Calling of Meetings of Board of Directors – 7. Membership Conditions – page 4 page 11 a. Class: Citizen Lictor Curiatus Members 28. Notice of Meeting of Board of Directors - – page 4 page 11 b. Class: Citizen Members – page 5 29. Votes to Govern at Meetings of the Board of 8. Notice of a Meeting of the Members (Comitia Directors – page 12 Curiata) – page 5 30. Committees of the Corporation – page 12 9. Access to the minutes of a Meeting of the Members (Comitia Curiata) – page 6 31. Appointment of Officers (Magistrates) – page 13 10. Members Calling a Meeting of the Members 32. Description of Offices (Magistrates) – page 13 (Comitia Curiata) – page 6 a. Manager (Consul) – page 13 11. Absentee Voting at Members' Meetings b. Associate Managers (Praetor) – page 14 (Comitia Curiata) – page 6 c. Secretary (Censor) – page 15 12. Membership Dues – page 7 d. Resource Assistant (Aedile) – page 15 13. Termination of Membership – page 7 e. Advocate (Tribune) – page 16 14. Effect of Termination of Membership – page 8 f. General Assistant (Quaestor) – page 16 15. Discipline of Members – page 8 g. Regional Manager (Procurator) 16. Proposals Nominating Directors at Annual – page 17 Members' Meetings – page 9 h. Assistant to the Board – page 17 17. Place of Members' Meeting (Comitia Curiata) i. -
Disreputable Occupations in the Roman World
Criers, Impresarios, and Sextons: Disreputable Occupations in the Roman World Sarah E. Bond A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2011 Approved by: Richard J.A. Talbert, Advisor Brett Whalen, Reader James Rives, Reader Werner Riess, Reader Fred Naiden, Reader ©2011 Sarah E. Bond ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ! ""! ABSTRACT SARAH E. BOND: Criers, Impresarios, and Sextons: Disreputable Occupations in the Roman World (Under the direction of Richard J.A. Talbert.) Roman law stigmatized not only the individual but also the collective for dishonorable acts. Numerous professions incurred varying degrees of disrepute that carried legal and civic disabilities. Professionals in the sex and entertainment trades who incurred the legal stigma of infamia have been investigated by modern scholarship; yet, those people who worked in the disreputable occupations of praeco (crier), dissignator (event coordinator), libitinarius (funeral director), and in the mortuary trade have not been fully discussed in terms of either the reasons for their disrepute or their significance within social, economic, administrative, and religious networks. To counteract this void of literature, I analyze the status and role of these professionals from the Republic to Late Antiquity. Through this research, I show the origins of social perceptions of disrepute and their codification into legal statute in the first century BCE, and illustrate the creation of a marginal society that was placed outside the civic realm in Roman cities. I argue that these professionals were crucial negotiators between the civic and marginal society. -
Select Republican Political Institutions in Outline
____ APPENDIX: SELECT REPUBLICAN POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS IN OUTLINE (300 before 81; 600 down to 45 Bc; then 900 until SENATE. The main consiliu,’n (“advisory body”) of magistrates, itself consisting mainly of ex-magistrates step aside for others. What the Senate decided Augustus reduced it again to 600). The most senior magistrate available in Rome usually presided, but could the Senate long guided state administration and policy e,zatu.s consultant, abbreviated SC) was strictly only a recommendation to magistrates. But in actual fact, of imperium, triumphs; also the state religion, finance, and preliminary iii almost all matters, including wars, allocation of provinces, (eventually) all extensions in which case it is called patrum auctoritas. The 1isiussion of legislative bills, A SC could be vetoed (by a consul acting against his colleague, or by a tribune), more than advice. SC riltirnurn, first passed in 121, was employed in cases of extreme crisis, but again technically was no ASSEMBLIES (U: POPULUS. COMPOSED OF BOTH PATRICIANS AND PLEBEJANS (NON-PATRICIANS). cum imperia. Gave “military auspices” to consuls, praetors once elected by the Centuriate Assembly; also to dictators, non-magistrates was a consul (or sometimes apparently a practor); in Aserubly Validated in some way the powers of lower magistrates (aediles, quaestors). Its president curiae (“wards”) of the city. (c mitia Cicero’s day, it was enough for a lictor symbolically to represent each of the 30 voting (‘101010) (“infantry”), the latter divided into five classes, Centuriate Originally the army, which had centuriae as its constituent units. Equites (“cavalry”) and pedites A of these 193 voting units, not absolute A ,seni hlv ranked by census wealth, totalled 188 centuries; added to those were five unarmed centuries. -
Roman Criminal Law and Legal Narrative in the Neronian Books of the Annals of Tacitus
Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 1993 Roman Criminal Law and Legal Narrative in the Neronian Books of the Annals of Tacitus John Warren Thomas Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons Recommended Citation Thomas, John Warren, "Roman Criminal Law and Legal Narrative in the Neronian Books of the Annals of Tacitus" (1993). Dissertations. 3288. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/3288 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1993 John Warren Thomas LOYOLA UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO ROMAN CRIMINAL LAW AND LEGAL NARRATIVE IN THE NERONIAN BOOKS OF THE ANNALS OF TACITUS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF CLASSICAL STUDIES BY JOHN WARREN THOMAS III CHICAGO, ILLINOIS MAY 1993 © Copyright by John W. Thomas III, 1993 All Rights Reserved To Kirsten Fortuna spondet multa multis, Praestat nemini. Vive in dies et horas, Nam proprium est nihil. CIL 1.1219 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS For the completion of this study I gratefully acknowledge the direction of Drs. James G. Keenan, John F. Makowski, and Fr. John P. Murphy S. J., whose criticism and advice have been invaluable.