Conceptual Metaphor in Album a Head Full of Dream by Coldplay

CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR IN ALBUM A HEAD FULL OF

DREAM BY COLDPLAY

A Thesis

Submitted to Letters and Humanity Faculty

in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for

The Bachelor Degree (S1)

RIZKY WULANDARI NIM. 1113026000120

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH

JAKARTA

2018

ABSTRACT

Rizky Wulandari. Conceptual Metaphor in Album A Head Full Of Dream by Coldplay. Thesis: English Letters Department, Letters and Humanities Faculty, State Islamic University of Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2018.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the conceptual metaphor of Coldplay lyrics in album A Head Full of Dream, which metaphor is mostly found in the text of song lyrics. In this case, the aims of this research are: (1) to identify the types of conceptual metaphor and to convey the meanings of metaphorical expression. (2) to convey the functions of metaphorical expression used by Coldplay. The method of this research is using qualitative method. The research questions will be answered in analytical description. The concept of metaphorical expressions are analyzed by using George Lakoff and Mark Johnson theory. The functions of metaphorical expression are analyzed by using Leech theory. The result of this research shows that there are 37 data findings which contains 13 structural metaphor, 8 orientational metaphor, and 16 ontological metaphor. The findings are proven that the ontological metaphor is the most frequently used by Coldplay and the meaning of metaphor can be easier to understand by using Lakoff and Johnson theory. There are five functions of metaphorical expression and all of the functions found in those song lyrics.

Keywords: Conceptual Metaphor, Source Domain, Target Domain, Lakoff and Johnson, Song Lyrics.

ii iii

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to be the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institutes of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text.

Jakarta, December 19th 2018

Rizky Wulandari

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

بسم الله الر حمن الر حيم

In the name of Allah, for the most Beneficent and the most Merciful.

All praises to Allah SWT, the Almighty and Merciful, for Allah blessing, guidance, and opportunity to become a Bachelor of Arts. May peace and salutation be upon the honourable Prophet Muhammad SAW and all of his family, his relatives and his followers.

The deepest gratitude is given to my beloved parents, Eddy Ibrahim and

Rohmah Jairiyah, for all their love, attention, support, prayer, and financial support.

My beloved brothers, Ilham Rahardi and Endi Rinaldi, for always support me, give me a great love and kindness. Also I would like to give my gratitude and greatest honor to my advisor, Hilmi Akmal, M. Hum, for his guidance, advice, patience, help and motivation throughout the process of writing this thesis. May Allah bless them.

Furthermore, I would like to deliver my gratefulness to the following people and friends, they are:

1. Prof. Dr. Sukron Kamil, M.Ag, as the Dean of Adab and Humanities

Faculty, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.

2. Drs. Saefudin, M.Pd, as the Head of English Letters Department.

3. Elve Oktaviani, M.Hum, as the Secretary of English Letters

Department.

4. All the lecturers and staffs of English Letters Department.

5. ELD C and Linguistic Class of 2013, thank for the cooperation of

studying English together for the last 4 years.

6. The dearest best friends: Yonia Wahyu Utami, Octavia Purwitasari,

Anita, Syifaa Alawiyah Zulfah, and Afsariyanti who always spend

many times and experiences together. Thank for the discussion,

motivation, laugh, memories, and beautiful friendship. Hopefully, our

friendship will be last forever.

7. SDIT Bintang, thank for the experience of teaching English in the 2nd

grade. The students are awesome! The teachers are amazing!

Jakarta, December 2018

The Writer

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT ...... i

APPROVAL SHEET ...... ii

LEGALIZATION ...... iii

DECLARATION ...... iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... vii

LIST OF TABLES ...... ix

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ...... 1

A. Background of research ...... 1

B. Focus of Research ...... 3

C. Research Questions ...... 3

D. Objective of the Research ...... 3

E. Significance of the Research ...... 4

F. Research Methodology ...... 4

1. Research Method ...... 4

2. Technique of Data Collecting and data Analysis ...... 4

3. Research Instrument ...... 5

4. Unit of Analysis ...... 5

vii

CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ...... 7

A. Previous Research ...... 7

B. Theoretical Review ...... 8

1. Cognitive Semantics ...... 8

2. Metaphor ...... 9

2.1.Conceptual Metaphor Theory ...... 11

2.2.Correspondences/Mappings ...... 13

2.3.Highlighting and Hiding ...... 15

2.4.Types of Conceptual Metaphor ...... 16

2.5.Functions of Metaphorical Expression ...... 18

CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDINGS ...... 22

A. Data Description ...... 22

B. Data Analysis...... 31

CHAPTER IV CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ...... 64

A. Conclusions ...... 64

B. Suggestions ...... 65

BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 66

APPENDIX ...... 69

viii

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1 : Elements of Metaphor ...... 10

Table 1.2 : Mapping, the relation of LOVE and JOURNEY ...... 14

Table 1.3 : Metaphorical expression, Conceptual Metaphor, and Meaning

from Coldplay’s album “A Head Full of Dream” ...... 22

Table 1.4 : Mapping of LIFE IS WATER ...... 36

Table 1.5 : Mapping of LIFE IS AN ADDICTION ...... 36

Table 1.6 : Mapping of HEART IS A RIVER ...... 38

Table 1.7 : Mapping of TIME IS MOTION...... 41

Table 1.8 : Mapping of LOVE IS A LIGHT ...... 43

Table 1.9 : Mapping of LIFE IS A STORY ...... 45

Table 1.10 : Mapping of LIFE IS A JOURNEY ...... 47

Table 1.11 : Mapping of LOVE IS A JOURNEY ...... 49

Table 1.12 : Mapping of LOVE IS A VOYAGE ...... 51

Table 1.13 : Mapping of LOVE IS WAR ...... 53

Table 1.14 : Mapping of LOVE IS FIRE ...... 57

Table 1.15 : Mapping of LOVE IS WEAPON ...... 58

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of Research

Finch (37) stated that language has a function to give a pleasure.

There are various kinds of pleasure that we get from language. At the

simplest level, there is mere pleasure of the sound itself and the melody of

certain sound combinations. Many poems use this function.

There are some similarities between poem and song, one of which is

rhyme. Moreover, a poem may need music or sound to build a response

from readers toward its poetry. Listen to song is one way to learn a language,

especially in semantic field. Music has song lyrics that could be analyzed

because it also has emotions, ideas, and forms. To understand song, each

song has meaning in its lyrics either literal or non-literal meaning.

There are literal and non-literal meaning in semantics. The literal

meaning of a sentence is based on just the semantic information that you

have from your knowledge of English (Griffiths 6). According to Arifin, et

al. (160), literal meaning is same with denotative meaning because it has

original meaning which is in accordance with the result of our senses

observation. Hurford, Heasley, and Smith (327-328) stated that non-literal

meaning is also called figurative language. Non-literal meaning is the

1 opposite of literal meaning, because it is often difficult to distinguish it from literal meaning correctly and also because it has sometimes been regarded as mostly idiosyncratic so it can produce a special meaning.

A figurative language is often used in song lyric which is metaphors.

According to Lakoff and Johnson, metaphors are conceptual (mental) operations reflected in human language that enable speakers to structure and construe abstract areas of knowledge and experience in more concrete experiential items (Hurford, Heasley, and Smith 331). They also explained that there are two aspects which are used by speakers in metaphors. The first is source domain as a familiar area of knowledge and the second is target domain to understand the less familiar area of knowledge. In conceptual metaphors, target domain is used to understand source domain.

Related to the metaphor, the author tried to conduct research on

Coldplay’s song lyrics. Coldplay is a British rock band formed in 1996 at

University College London (UCL). Coldplay achieved worldwide fame with the release of the single “Yellow” in 2000. They have won 62 awards from 209 nominations throughout their career and released their seventh album “A Head Full of Dream” in December 2015. They conveyed their ideas through alternative rock music. There are many metaphors in their song lyrics that have function to beautify the song itself. Besides, the album

A Head Full of Dream has many beautiful messages about love and life.

(“Coldplay”).

This research will focus to discuss functions and meanings in

metaphorical linguistic expression. Therefore, this research wants to answer

how semantic approach is constantly related with function and meaning in

conceptual metaphor by Lakoff and Johnson theory.

B. Focus of Research

This research focused on analyzing conceptual metaphor in album A

Head Full Of Dream (2015). There are 11 songs in the album as follows: A

Head Full Of Dream, Birds, Hymn For The Weekend, Everglow, Adventure

Of A Lifetime, Fun, Kaleidoscope, Army Of One, X Marks The Spot,

Amazing Day, Colour Spectrum, and Up & Up.

C. Research Questions

1. What are the types and meanings of conceptual metaphor in Coldplay’s

song lyrics in album A Head Full of Dream?

2. How do the conceptual metaphors describe the function of metaphorical

expression in Coldplay’s song lyrics in album A Head Full of Dream?

D. Objective of the Research

1. To know the types of conceptual metaphor and to discover the

metaphorical meaning of Coldplay’s song lyrics in album A Head Full

of Dream.

2. To know how the conceptual metaphor describe the function of its

metaphors used in Coldplay’s song lyrics in album A Head Full of

Dream.

E. Significance of the Research

This research hopefully can give benefits theoretically and

practically. Theoretically, this research can enrich the knowledge of

conceptual metaphor. Practically, this research hopefully can give

inspiration to the next researcher who are interested in conceptual metaphor.

For the readers, this research hopefully gives the knowledge about the

conceptual metaphor especially the types of conceptual metaphor, the

meaning, and the function contains in the song lyrics.

F. Research Methodology

1. Research Method

This research uses semantics approach to solve the problem of

conceptual metaphors. It uses qualitative method, which is the research

method uses descriptive data and collecting information by verbal form

and non numerical form (Farkhan 2). The result of this research will be

described in analytical description and will be analyzed with theory of

conceptual metaphors by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson. The

analysis will explain the conceptual metaphor that lead to find the

meaning and the function of its metaphorical expression based on

conceptual metaphor theory.

2. Technique of Data Collecting and Data Analysis

The technique of data collecting in this research is bibliographical

technique (teknik pustaka). According to Subroto (42), the data in this

technique is acquired from written sources. This technique is also known

as documentation technique. Nawawi and Hadari (169) defined

documentation technique as the way of collecting data through written

source. The first step is finding metaphorical expression directly using

George Lakoff and Mark Johnson’s theory on 11 songs in album A Head

Full of Dream by Coldplay. Then, the metaphorical expression will be

noted into data cards. After collecting the data, the data cards will be

shuffled and picked up randomly. The next step is classifying the chosen

data based on the concept in metaphorical linguistic expression. Then,

finding the relation between target domain and source domain using

mapping system. The mapping is using Oxford School Dictionary, so

the meaning of metaphor will be known. The last is identifying the

function of the metaphorical expression used in song lyrics. Then,

explaining the function and concluding it.

3. Research Instrument

The research instrument used in this research is the data cards

which taken from Coldplay’s song lyrics in album A Head Full of

Dream in 2015 that has metaphorical language expression. Data card is

relevant data that written on the card which is focused on data

description (Subroto 43).

4. Unit of Analysis

The unit of analysis of this research is song lyrics by Coldplay in album

A Head Full of Dream in 2015. The songs are: A Head Full Of Dream,

Birds, Hymn For The Weekend, Everglow, Adventure Of A Lifetime,

Fun, Kaleidoscope, Army Of One, X Marks The Spot, Amazing Day, and

Up & Up.

CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

A. Previous Research

There are various researches related to conceptual metaphor. The

first research entitled “Conceptual Metaphors: A Diachronic Study of

LOVE Metaphors in Mariah Carey’s Song Lyrics” (2015), which is

analyzed by Emma Gavelin. She was a student from UMEA Universitet.

She analyzed how conceptual domain LOVE is described in Mariah Carey’s

song lyrics. The analysis proved LOVE IS AN OBJECT frequently used by

her and target concept has many possible source concepts.

The second research entitled “A Study of Conceptual Metaphor in

Suzan Collin’s The Hunger Games” (2015), which is written by Kurniawati

from Jember University. She analyzed what is the dominant target domain

and source domain, and how to get interpretation of metaphors in the novel

The Hunger Games used comparison theory by G.A Miller which has 3

types of metaphors, they are nominal metaphor, predicative metaphor and

sentential metaphor.

The third research entitled ”Metafora dalam Lirik Lagu Karya

Adele” (2015), which is analyzed by Olga Grace Sumolang. She was a

student from Sam Ratulangi University. She analyzed the metaphorical

forms using Wahab theory and metaphorical meaning using Lakoff and

Johnson theory about source domain and target domain. In Adele songs, she

found metaphorical forms such as subjective nominative metaphors,

predicative metaphors, complementary nominative metaphors,

complementary objective metaphors, and sentence metaphor.

Meanwhile, this research is not only explaining the types of

conceptual metaphor, but also analyzing the function of metaphorical

language that hasn’t been mentioned by those previous researches above.

Hence, this is the obvious reason why this research will be seen as

interesting research to conduct.

B. Theoretical Review

1. Cognitive Semantics

Cognitive semantics is related with the relationship between

experience, the conceptual system, and the semantic structure encoded

by language (Evans 26). Evans and Green (153) stated that cognitive

semantics is an approach to the mind study and its relationship with

embodied experience and culture. It works by using language as a key

methodological tool for discovering conceptual framing and structure.

Conceptual structure is defined as the nature organisation of

mental representation in all its richness and diversity, and this is what

makes it a distinctive approach to linguistic meaning (Evans and Green

156). Meaning is a conceptual structure that is conventionalized and

cognitive semanticists believed that the conceptualization process is

strongly influenced by metaphors as a way of understanding and

speaking of the world (Saeed 300-302).

According to Jaszczolt, most meanings are metaphorical and

people cannot only understand it by reinterpretation, but also by the way

of linking the conceptualization (Subuki 197). Sometimes people have

no other words to refer to a particular thing, so they choose metaphor to

communicate their ideas and feelings. Metaphor is also a creative way

to convey a more interesting meaning (Knowless and Moon 3).

There are two things which make metaphor important. First, in

relation to individual words: metaphor is a basic process in the formation

of words and word meanings. Second, in relation to discourse: metaphor

is important because of its functions—explaining, clarifying, describing,

expressing, evaluating, and entertaining (Knowless and Moon 3).

2. Metaphor

Metaphor is a part of figurative language which is common in

everyday life, not only in language but also in action and thought

because communication is based on the same conceptual system that we

use in everyday activity such as thinking and acting. Think and act is

our ordinary conceptual system that metaphorical in nature (Lakoff and

Johnson 3-4).

Keraf (139) also said that metaphor is involved in figurative

language because it is made by analogy or similarity. To compare

something by another thing means try to find characteristics that shows

9 a similarity between both. Based on cognitive linguistic view, metaphor is defined as understanding one conceptual domain in terms of another conceptual domain. In the metaphorical process, “to understand” means to characterize the relationship between two concepts (X and Y)

(Kovecses 4-7).

There are three things to be considered to analyze and discuss metaphor in any depth, they are the metaphor (a word, phrase, or longer stretch of language), its meanings (what it refers to metaphorically), and the similarity or connection between the two. Technically, these three elements have been referred to as vehicle, topic, and grounds, as can be seen in the table 1.1:

Table 1.1 Elements of metaphor

Context Be prepared for a mountain of paperworks

Vehicle/metaphor Mountain

Topic/meaning A large amount

Grounds/connection Ideas of size, being immovable and difficult to deal with

Knowles and Moon (8) stated that grounds is the relationship between the literal and metaphorical meanings. To analyze the vehicle of metaphors, the grounds provide the key to how effective the vehicle is. People can see how the metaphor works by considering the grounds;

10 how the particular meaning is being conveyed and which special features of the literal meaning of the vehicle are being transferred to the topic. For example, be prepared for a mountain of paperworks.

Mountain is a metaphor which means a large amount. The connections between metaphor and its meaning are ideas of size, being immovable, and difficult to deal with. It happens because mountain has an enormous shape and cannot move anywhere.

2.1. Conceptual Metaphor Theory

It is necessary to distinguish conceptual metaphor from

linguistic metaphor. Lakoff and Johnson stated that conceptual

metaphors are overarching cross domain mappings that influence

our thinking, whereas linguistic metaphors are the linguistic

realizations of those conceptual metaphors. For example, a

conceptual metaphor, ARGUMENT IS WAR may precipitate such

linguistic metaphors as: he can’t defend his claims or they shot down

the argument (Adams 6).

Lakoff and Johnson (5) stated that the essence of metaphor

is understanding and experiencing one kind of thing in terms of

another. Conceptual metaphor is when one conceptual domain is

understood in terms of another conceptual domain. This

understanding is accomplished by seeing mappings between the two

domains. Conceptual metaphors can be given by means of the

11 formula A IS B or A AS B, where A and B indicate different conceptual domains (Kovecses 334).

Here are some examples of conceptual metaphor:

ARGUMENT IS WAR

LIFE IS A JOURNEY

THEORIES ARE BUILDINGS

IDEAS ARE FOOD

TIME IS MONEY

According to Kovecses (4), a conceptual metaphor consists of two conceptual domains, which is source domain and target domain. Source domain is the conceptual domain from which metaphorical expressions are drawn to understand another conceptual domain, while the target domain is the conceptual domain that is understood this way. It is the domain that people try to understand through the use of the source domain. The target domains of the example above are ARGUMENT, LIFE,

THEORIES, IDEAS, and TIME. While the source domains are

WAR, JOURNEY, BUILDINGS, FOOD, and MONEY.

To prove the existence of conceptual metaphor, there are metaphorical linguistic expressions that are metaphorical linguistic

words and expressions that come from terminology of the

conceptual domain that is used to understand another conceptual

domain (Kovecses 327). Below are some examples:

(1) Your claims are indefensible.

(2) He attacked every weak point in my argument.

(3) I demolished his argument.

(4) I’ve never won an argument with him.

(5) He shot down all of my arguments.

The italic words are linguistic expressions which refer to

how the argument can be represented as a war. To talk about

ARGUMENT, people use indefensible, attacked, demolished, won,

and shot down which come from the domain of WAR. By the

concepts of war, many of the things people do in arguing are

partially structured. There is no physical battle, but a verbal battle

and the structure of an argument. It structures the action we perform

in arguing (Lakoff and Johnson 4).

2.2. Correspondences/Mappings

Lakoff and Johnson (7) stated that metaphorical linguistic

expressions are used to study the nature of metaphorical concepts

and to obtain an understanding of the metaphorical nature of our

activities because metaphorical expression in our language are

bound to metaphorical concepts in a systematic way. Mappings is a

13 set of systematic correspondences between the source and the target in the sense that constituent conceptual elements of B correspond to constituent elements of A. For example, in the mappings of conceptual metaphor LOVE IS A JOURNEY, JOURNEY has three constituent elements: the travelers, the travel or the journey as such, and the destination. In this context, people will interpret it to be about love. The speaker of the sentence has in mind not real travelers but lovers, not a physical journey but the events in a love relationship, and not a physical destination at the end of the journey but the goal(s) of the love relationship (Kovecses 7-8). The mapping process can be seen on the table below:

Table 1.2 Mapping, the relation of LOVE and JOURNEY

Source: JOURNEY Target : LOVE

The travelers The lovers

The vehicle The love in the relationship

itself

The journey Events in the relationship

The distance covered The progress made

The obstacles encountered The difficulties experienced

Decisions about which way Choices about what to do

to go

The destination of the The goal(s) of the

journey relationship

2.3. Highlighting and Hiding

When a source or target domain has multiple mappings, the

individual mappings represent different sets of highlighted features.

Highlighting refers to the selective mapping of source domain

features onto target domains and the suppression of other features is

termed hiding (Knowless and Moon 33). According to Kovecses

(92), when metaphor focuses on one or more features of a concept,

it highlights those features. However, the other aspects will be

hidden when one aspect of a given concept is highlighted. To

understand one aspect of a concept, another aspect will be hidden

necessarily. For instance, ARGUMENT, as a target domain has

several sets of concepts that represent different focus. Besides WAR,

ARGUMENT has another three source domains, ARGUMENT IS

A JOURNEY, ARGUMENT IS A CONTAINER, and

ARGUMENT IS A BUILDING.

Those metaphors highlight several aspects of the concept of

argument. THE WAR metaphor’s main focus seems to be the issue

of control over the argument. THE JOURNEY metaphor focuses on

progress and content. THE CONTAINER metaphor highlights the

content and basicness of an argument. While, THE BUILDING

metaphor captures the aspects of the construction of an argument

and its strength. When WAR metaphor highlights issues of control

over the argument, it also hides the other aspects such as progress,

content, construction and strength in all at once. At the same time,

the different metaphors highlight different aspects of the same target

concept and hide its other aspects (Kovecses 92-93)

2.4. Types of Conceptual Metaphor

Lakoff and Johnson (14-25) classified conceptual metaphor into

three kinds:

1. Structural Metaphor

Structural metaphor is a concept that is formed

metaphorically by using another concept. This metaphor is based

on systematic correlation in daily experience. There are two

domains in structural metaphor, they are source domain and

target domain. The cognitive function of these metaphors is to

enable speakers to understand target A by means of the structure

of source B (Kovecses 37). For example, ARGUMENT IS WAR

in the phrase “I finally won the argument”. The concept of

argument is structured according to war terms.

2. Orientational Metaphor

According to Kovecses (40), orientational metaphor

organizes a whole system of concepts with respect to one another

because most of them have to do with spatial orientation, such

as up-down, in out, front-back, on-off, deep-shallow, and

central-peripheral. Upward orientation is often related with

positive evaluation, while downward orientation with a negative

one. For example, HAPPY IS UP; SAD IS DOWN. The concept

HAPPY is oriented UP leads to English expression like “I’m

feeling up today”. Physical basis of this spatial is drooping

posture typically goes along with sadness and depression, erect

posture with a positive emotional state.

3. Ontological metaphor

According to Lakoff and Johnson (26), ontological

metaphor is metaphors that viewing events, activities, emotions,

and ideas as entities and substances. For instance, THE MIND

IS A MACHINE in the phrase “My mind just is not operating

today”. This metaphor conceptualizes thoughts, experiences,

and processes (abstract things) to something that has physical

trait. In other words, ontological metaphors consider abstract

nouns as concrete nouns.

2.5. Functions of Metaphorical Expression

Language is very important factor of communication among

society. They want to convey a message through the language. By

using metaphors, much more can be conveyed, through implication

and connotation than through straightforward, literal language.

Meaning is communicated between writer and reader in a less

precise way, even though metaphors may seem concrete and vivid

because when the writer use metaphorical language, they convey

meaning more open-endedly and the reader interpret less narrowly

than they would literal language. This vagueness of meaning makes

metaphor such a powerful tool in the communication of emotion,

evaluation, and explanation too (Knowless and Moon 9).

There is a particular function in every sentence. It may

express question or a statement. People use their language to many

different purposes. For instances: to apologize, to express feeling,

and to ask for help. According to Leech (40-42), metaphorical

language has five main functions, which are, the informational, the

expressive, the directive, the phatic, and the aesthetic.

1. Informational

The informational function is considered as the most

important, since it is used to convey the message from the

speaker to the listener, describe things, and give new

information. The informational function can be found in an

encyclopedia article. This function is also related to such terms

as a truth and a value. For example: “The car is big”, “The bus

is crowded” (UKEssays).

2. Expressive

The expressive function is used to express the speaker’s

or writer’s feelings or attitudes. The most obvious example of

this function is swear words and exclamation (Leech 40). This

language function is not used to deliver a message, but to express

feelings and impressions because people need to express their

feelings every time. For example: “I love this movie so much”.

People can understand the personality and emotions of a speaker

through this function of language. The expressive function can

be found in literature and poetry (Paper Due Now).

3. Directive

The directive function is used to influence the behavior

or attitudes of others. It is function of social control and

interpersonal interaction. For example, commands and requests

(Leech 40). This function is quite similar to the expressive

function because affective and situational meanings of a phrase

are more important than a general meaning. Another

characteristic of this function is the listener’s reaction is more

important than a speaker’s thought,since to reach the target of a

phrase is determined by the reaction. For example, “I want a cup

of milk” or “Close the window, please!” (Paper Due Now).

4. Phatic

The phatic function is used to keeping communication

lines open and to maintain social relationship in good repair

(UKEssays). Talking about the weather in British culture is the

well-known example for this function. The kind of talk helps

people to interact with others. However, it does not provide them

with any important information or express their feelings. Such

conversations may also contain some attractive information, but

it is not important (Paper Due Now). For example: “How are

you? How is your children?”

5. Aesthetic

The aesthetic function is used to creating artistic effect of

the message. It helps people use words as a tool of a poetic art,

and as certain signs. The beauty of chosen words and phrases is

more important than usefulness of this information. Sometimes

20 people use different adjectives, such as “gorgeous”, “elegant”,

“stunning”, and so on (Paper Due Now). For example: “This is an elegant teapot”.

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH FINDINGS

A. Data Description

The technique for collecting data in this research is using bibliography

technique. The data are collected by written source from the song lyrics of

Coldplay “A Head Full of Dream” album. There are 37 data found in the song

lyrics which contain metaphors. All of data will be analyzed in this chapter. The

analysis will be apply the theory of conceptual metaphor from Lakoff and

Johnson and the function of metaphorical expression will be analyzed by using

Leech theory that consists of five function of metaphorical expression.

Table 1.3

Metaphorical expression, Conceptual Metaphor, and Meaning from Coldplay’s

album “A Head Full of Dream”

No Metaphorical Conceptual Meaning Type Function

expression metaphor

Song Title: A Head Full of Dream

1 Leave your LIGHT IS A Good things can Structural Directive

broken GOOD come from the bad

windows open THING

And in the things that have

light just happened

streams

Song Title: Birds

2 It’s a fools LIFE IS Temporary fear Ontological Aesthetic

gold thunder. BAD

It’s just WEATHER

warning rain.

3 We’ll be birds BIRDS IS Enjoying life in the Ontological Aesthetic

Flying free FREEDOM moment, ecstatic

Holding on in happiness

the mystery

Song Title: Hymn for the Weekend

4 When I was SAD IS Sad, depressed, Orientational Expressive

down, when I DOWN hurt.

was hurt

5 You came to HAPPY IS Happiness Orientational Expressive

lift me up UP

6 Life is a drink LIFE IS Lovesick, Structural Aesthetic

WATER intoxicated by

someone’s love

7 Love’s a drug LOVE IS AN Addiction, opium Structural Aesthetic

ADDICTION

8 When I was a LOVE / Being a healer. Structural Aesthetic

river, dried up HEART IS A Giving love, help,

You came to RIVER and support

rain a flood

9 Put your wings BIRDS IS Having angelic Ontological Directive

on me when I PERSON person in

was so heavy someone’s life

10 Poured on a LOVE IS Being a harmony Ontological Aesthetic

symphony MUSIC with someone else

11 When i am SAD IS Being defeated or Orientational Expressive

low. DOWN in need help from

someone

Song Title: Everglow

12 They say JEWEL IS Valuable, Ontological Aesthetic

people come. PERSON meaningful.

They say

people go. This

particular

diamond was

extra special

13 So how come TIME IS How fast the life Structural Expressive

things move MOTION changes

on? How come

cars don’t

slow?

14 But when I'm COLD IS sad, doubt, and Orientational Aesthetic

cold, cold DOWN lonely

15 There's a light LOVE IS A When he feels sad, Structural Expressive

that you give LIGHT doubt, and lonely,

me the person gave

When I'm in him love and

shadow happiness so he

There's a feels warmth in his

feeling within heart

me, an

everglow

16 But the LIFE IS Life is not constant, Ontological Aesthetic

changing of UNFIXED there will always

winds and the THINGS be alteration

way waters

flow

Song Title: Adventure of a Lifetime

17 And we are LIFE IS A Making new Ontological Aesthetic

legends every STORY memories every

day day

18 Under this LOVE IS A The pressure in Ontological Aesthetic

pressure, JEWEL love relationship is

under this compared to the

weight diamond’s natural

We are creation

diamonds

19 And if we've LIFE IS A Spending life with Structural Expressive

only got this JOURNEY someone he love

life

In this

adventure, oh,

then I

Want to share

it with you

Song Title: Fun

20 I know it's over LOVE IS A The relationship Structural Informatio

before she says JOURNEY has ended nal

21 I know it falls SAD IS Sad expression Orientational Informatio

at the water DOWN nal

face

22 I know it's LOVE IS The signs of Structural Aesthetic

over, an ocean VOYAGE relationship will be

awaits end

For a storm

23 From the top HAPPY IS Happy moments in Orientational Expressive

of the world UP a love affair

Top of the

waves

We said

forever,

forever always

24 The sword LOVE IS Quarrelling Structural Aesthetic

sinks in, WAR

lightning

strikes

And two force,

two forces

collide

And fight 'til

it's over,

Fight 'til it's

done

Song Title: Kaleidoscope

25 This being HOTEL IS The human Ontological Aesthetic

human is a PERSON experiences and

guest house their emotions is

Every morning temporary

a new arrival

Song Title: Army of One

26 Pyramids try, TREASURE Meaningful person Ontological Aesthetic

Babylon too IS PERSON

But the

beautifullest

treasures lie in

the deepest

blue

27 I never so high HAPPY IS Happiness Orientational Expressive

as when i’m UP

with you

28 And there isn't LOVE IS Obstacle, Structural Aesthetic

a fire, that I FIRE difficultness

wouldn't walk

through

29 My army of LOVE IS Struggle of love Structural Informatio

one is gonna WAR nal

fight for you

30 Sayin my heart LOVE IS A Protecting someone Structural Aesthetic

is my gun, WEAPON with a good heart

army of one

Song Title: X Marks the Spot

31 So I put my LOVE IS Love relationship Ontological Expressive

hands up to the VEHICLE

sky, feeling

I’ve got a

rocketship that

I wanna ride

32 Wherever you TREASURE Valuable person Ontological Expressive

are, I’ll find IS PERSON

that treasure

So I race for it

Song Title: Amazing Day

33 Shared every LIFE IS Bad experience Ontological Aesthetic

bruise, showed WOUND

every scars

34 "Life has a LIFE IS Fate Ontological Aesthetic

beautiful, CREATION

crazy design."

Song Title: Up & Up

35 Fixing up a LIFE IS Fixing mistake in Ontological Aesthetic

car to drive in VEHICLE the past and try to

it again move on

36 Searching for SUCCESS IS Rise from Orientational Aesthetic

the water, UP adversity.

hoping for the

rain

Up and up

37 Try and see the LIFE IS Tremendous Ontological Aesthetic

forest, there in PLANT potential of

every seed someone

Angels in the

marble waiting

to be freed

Just need love

B. Data Analysis

1. Song Title: A Head Full of Dream

The song A Head Full of Dream consists of seven stanzas. The

stanza that analyzed is stanza 3.

Stanza 3

(1) Saying it’s true, It’s not what it seems

(2) Leave your broken windows open

(3) And in the light just streams

(4) And you get a head, a head full of dreams

(5) You can see the changed you wanted

(6) Be what you want to be

Based on the context of the stanza above, the word light in line 4

shows that good things can come from the bad things that have happened.

Based on its literal meaning, light is defined as radiation that stimulates the

sense of sight and makes things visible (Oxford). In this stanza, the

songwriter uses the word light refers to the good things can come after

experiencing the bad moments in the past (the broken windows). Moreover,

the songwriter continues to describe the light by imagine a lot of dreams

about new life and he can be what he want to be. Therefore, the conceptual

metaphor is LIGHT IS GOOD. The type of metaphor is ontological

metaphor, the LIGHT is the target domain and GOOD is the source

domain. This stanza has directive function because the songwriter gave

instruction to the listeners to leave the past and imagine for a better life in

the future.

2. Song Title: Birds

The song Birds consists of seven parts. The stanza that analyzed is stanza 2

and 6.

Stanza 2

(1) It’s a fools gold thunder

(2) It’s just a warning rain

(3) Don’t let the fears just start, “What if

(4) I won’t to see you again?”

(5) Around here you never want to sleep

(6) So start falling in love, start the riot and

The context of this stanza is about temporary fear which is shown

by word thunder in line 1. Thunder in Oxford dictionary is defined as the

loud noise that is heard with lightning. Besides, the phrase fool’s gold is an

idiom that means something deceptively attractive and promising in

appearance (Fool’s Gold). Sometimes, thunder with lightning looks

32 attractive but anyone who hears the thunder will feel shocked or scared.

However, people do not have to worry because the thunder is just a sign that the rain will fall.

The conceptual metaphor is LIFE IS BAD WEATHER, where the songwriter wants to give advice to the listeners that people have no need to worry about the problem they faced. Do not let the fears overwhelm themselves. With togetherness, they can face the problem. They can share stories with the people who closest to them, especially their loved ones. The word thunder belongs to the categories of ontological metaphor, because it refers to the concrete entity of fear feelings. Moreover, those lines have aesthetic function, where the songwriter chose the word thunder and rain as an imagery of life to beautify the song.

Stanza 6

(1) Away with me

(2) We don’t need words

(3) Close your eyes and see

(4) And we’ll be birds, flying free

(5) Holding on in the mystery

(6) Fearless, fearless, fearless

Based on the stanza above, the context is about the ecstatic

happiness feeling of freedom which is shown by word birds in the lyrics

“And we’ll be birds, flying free”. Birds in Oxford dictionary is defined as

an animal with feathers, two wings, and two legs. The conceptual metaphor

is BIRDS IS FREEDOM, the songwriter wants people to enjoy life in the

moment and move freely by their own direction as free as the birds that can

fly by its wings. Also, the word fearless refers to freedom, because of

‘freedom is no fear’. When the songwriter says that he is fearless, it means

that he is free. Freedom is an abstract entity that cannot be seen, but people

can feel it. Hence, this expression shows case of ontological metaphor and

has the aesthetic function to beautify the lyrics because the songwriter

choose the word birds as an imagery of freedom.

3. Song Title: Hymn for the Weekend

The song Hymn for the Weekend consists of nine stanzas. The

stanzas which are analyzed are 2 and 3.

Stanza 2

(1) Oh, angel sent from up above

(2) You know you make my world light up

(3) When I was down, when I was hurt

(4) You came to lift me up

(5) Life is a drink and love’s a drug

(6) Oh now I think I must be miles up

(7) When I was a river, dried up

(8) You came to rain a flood

The context of the line 1-4 shows that there is a woman who brightens his life when the songwriter is feeling down and sad, then his lover lifts his spirits. There is metaphor lift up in line 4. The type of metaphor is orientational metaphor that is marked by word up which shows positive nuance that means happiness. Hence, the conceptual metaphor is HAPPY

IS UP. Then, there is metaphor down in line 3. Word down is classified as orientational metaphor too, since it shows negative spatial orientation that has meaning sadness, depressed, and hurt. Hence, the conceptual metaphor is SAD IS DOWN. Line 1-4 have meaning that there is a woman who is like an angel who always be there to help him face any problem in his life and it makes him happy. The function of each metaphor is expressive because the songwriter tried to express his feelings through this lines.

The context of the line 5 shows that the songwriter feels drunk and intoxicated by the woman’s love. There is metaphor drink and drug in this line. In Oxford dictionary, drink is defined as a liquid for drinking. Also, drug is defined as a substance that affects your senses or your mind. This line has meaning that his drink (life) has been spiked by the drug (love).

Love makes him feel high and happy and he feels intoxicated when they are together. Hence, the conceptual metaphors are LIFE IS WATER and LOVE

IS AN ADDICTION. Both of them are classified as structural metaphor.

The function of these metaphors is aesthetic because the songwriter choose a word drink and drug as a poetic art to beautify the song. Here are the mappings of those expressions:

Table 1.4 mappings of LIFE IS WATER

Source: WATER Target: LIFE

Water has streams Life is always going on

Water fit in the place Life changes by experiences

Water gives advantage for living Life gives lesson for people

things

Table 1.5 mappings of LOVE IS AN ADDICTION

Source: AN ADDICTION Target: LOVE

The habitué The lovers

The drugs The feelings (love)

Difficult to distract from the drugs Difficult to forget someone they

love

Everything people do for buy the Everything people do for

drugs someone they love

Always craving for drugs Always want to be with

someone they love

The context of line 7-8 is there is someone who is being a healer.

The person who gives love, help, and support when someone feels sad. In line 7, there is metaphor river in the lyrics “When I was a river, dried up”.

River in Oxford dictionary is defined as a large stream of water flowing in a natural channel. River in this expression refers to the heart that sometimes feels hollow and empty like a dry river and sometimes full of happiness like a flood river. The word flood here refers to the happiness as water is the source of life. In this relationship, this person brings much happiness after the emptiness that someone felt. Hence, the conceptual metaphor for this expression is LOVE / HEART IS A RIVER. This is shows case of structural metaphor and has the aesthetic function because the songwriter aims to beautify the heart by river imagery.

Table 1.6 mappings of LOVE / HEART IS A RIVER

Source: A RIVER Target: LOVE / HEART

The windings Emotion changings

The streams The passionate desire

Contain of waters Contain of emotions

Stanza 3

(1) And said drink from me, drink from me

(2) When I was so thirsty

(3) Pour on a symphony

(4) Now I just can't get enough

(5) Put your wings on me, wings on me

(6) When I was so heavy

(7) Pour on a symphony

(8) When I'm low, low, low, low

The context of the stanza above is about asking someone when he depressed, hurt, and sad. In line 5, there is metaphor wings in the lyrics ”Put your wings on me”. Wing in Oxford dictionary is defined as one of the pair of parts of a bird, bat, or insect, that it uses for flying. However, the songwriter wants to explain that the wings here belong to an angel. The

38 wings means he has an angelic person in his life. When he was heavy, he could be weak and unable to rise, but someone he loved come to give him helps. This is a type of ontological metaphor which characterized by the conceptual metaphor of BIRD IS PERSON. In this case, the phrase "Put your wings on me" shows a directive function where the songwriter gives command to his lover.

In line 7-8, there is metaphor symphony and low. The context of these lines are indicate that a person feels defeated and needs help/love from someone else. In Oxford dictionary, symphony is defined as a long piece of music for an orchestra and low is defined as at or to a low level or position.

The conceptual metaphor of low is SAD IS DOWN. In real life, people could fall and get hurt by someone or thing. When they fall, they will desperately need the others’ help. This is shows case of orientational metaphor, since low shows a negative nuance that has meaning sadness and destruction. It also has expressive function since the songwriter wants to express his feeling through this line.

While, the conceptual metaphor of symphony is LOVE IS MUSIC, the symphony has meaning of being a harmony with someone else. In a song, the harmony makes the song sound beautiful. It is not a song if only talk flat without a tone. Likewise in life, love makes life more beautiful. Love helps people to rise again from their destruction. That love can come from family, friends, or special people. It shows case of ontological metaphor and has

39 the aesthetic function since the songwriter used word symphony to beautify the lyrics.

4. Song Title: Everglow

The song Everglow consists of seven stanzas. The stanzas that analyzed are 1, 2, 3, and 4.

Stanza 1

(1) Oh they say people come, they say people go

(2) This particular diamond was extra special

(3) And though you might be gone, and the world may not know

(4) Still I see you, celestial

The context of this stanza is every encounter must have a separation.

There is metaphor diamond in line 2. It has meaning of a valuable person in songwriter’s life. Diamond in Oxford dictionary is defined as a very hard precious stone, a form of carbon that looks like clear glass. A diamond is formed under enormous pressure, but it eventually comes out into a precious stone. As well as his lover who has left him now, she is regarded as a precious person in his life, even though they have crossed a lot of obstacles in their relationship. Hence, the conceptual metaphor of this expression is

JEWEL IS PERSON. It shows case of ontological metaphor since a diamond is not a human but it is given quality like a human. It also has expressive function because the word diamond is used to beautify the lyrics.

Stanza 2

(1) Like a lion you ran, a goddess you rolled

(2) Like an eagle you circled in perfect purple

(3) So how come things move on? How come cars don't slow?

(4) When it feels like the end of my world

(5) When I should, but I can't let you go

The context of line 3 is how fast the life changes. It is marked by the words move on and slow. Slow in Oxford dictionary is defined as not quick; taking more time than is usual. The songwriter cannot accept that time passes so quickly when he still wants to enjoy moments with his lover. He wants things to slow down and does not have to go with life changes. He could not accept the fact that he had broken up with his lover. It feels like the end of the world. Hence, the conceptual metaphor of this expression is

TIME IS MOTION. It shows case of structural metaphor since people can understand TIME by means of the structure of MOTION. It also has the expressive function since he wants to express his feeling through the expression.

Table 1.7 mappings of TIME IS MOTION

Source: MOTION Target: TIME

The motion of the person The passage of time

The distance moved by the person The amount of time passed

Stanza 3

(1) But when I'm cold, cold

(2) When I'm cold, cold

(3) There's a light that you give me when I'm in shadow

(4) There's a feeling within me, an everglow

The context of this stanza is when he feels sad, doubt, and lonely, there is a person gave him love and happiness so he feels warmth in his heart. There are metaphor cold in line 1. Cold is defined as having or at a low temperature; not warm (Oxford). It means that he feels sad, doubt, despair, and lonely. Hence, the conceptual metaphor is COLD IS DOWN.

This is the type of orientational metaphor because cold shows negative nuance.

In line 3, there is metaphor light that is defined as radiation that stimulates the sense of sight and makes things visible (Oxford). It has meaning of light is the love given by a woman. That light becomes a clue to him who was feeling doubt in his life (I'm in shadow). The light ultimately gives the warmth within himself. Besides, there is metaphor everglow in line 4. This word has no meaning in any dictionary. However, this word refers to feelings of love and happiness. The songwriter said that he got this

42 word while he was on the ocean with a surfer guy. He who was first heard the word felt like it was a cool thing.

The title "Everglow" is probably the first question listeners will have about Coldplay's new single. In an interview with Zane Lowe, Chris Martin explained, "I was in the ocean one day with this surfer guy. He was like, 'Yo dude, I was doing this thing the other day, man. It gave me this total everglow!' I was like, 'What an amazing word!' Then the song came completely out." (Stumme).

Therefore, the conceptual metaphor is LOVE IS A LIGHT. This is a structural metaphor because people can understand LOVE by means of the structure of LIGHT. Moreover, it also has expressive function where the songwriter wants to express his grateful through this stanza.

Table 1.8 mappings of LOVE IS A LIGHT

Source: LIGHT Target: LOVE

Lighting the dark Lighting the life

Give a clear sight to the right Give happiness in life

guidance

Source of energy Spirit of life

Make people feel safe Make people feel happy

Stanza 4

(1) Like brothers in blood, sisters who ride

(2) Yeah, we swore on that night, we’d be friends 'til we died

(3) But the changing of winds and the way waters flow

(4) Life as short as the falling of snow

(5) And now I'm gonna miss you, I know

The context of this stanza is nothing is steady in this world. It is shown by metaphor winds and waters in line 3. In Oxford dictionary, wind is defined as a current of air and water is defined as lake or sea. As explained in that line, the wind direction is always changing and the water flow is always flowing to where it can reach. Even if people lives with someone he loves, they will never be sure how long they will live together. Hence, the conceptual metaphor is LIFE IS UNFIXED THINGS because life is not constant, there will always be alteration. It shows case of ontological metaphor, since people can conceptualize waters and winds through the life experience. Besides, the waters and winds is also has aesthetic function because the songwriter uses this words to beautify the lyrics through imagery of life.

5. Song Title: Adventure of a Lifetime

The song Adventure of a Lifetime consists of seven stanzas. The stanzas that analyzed are 1, 2, and 7.

Stanza 1

(1) Turn your magic on, Umi she'd say

(2) Everything you want's a dream away

(3) And we are legends every day

(4) That's what she told me

The context of this stanza is about making new memories every day.

It is shown by metaphor legends in line 3. Legend is defined as an old story handed down from the past, which may or may not be true (Oxford). People make stories every day. In the next day, the story will become a history that someday they can tell to others, or to their descendants. People can take lessons in each story, so they do not repeat the same mistakes. Therefore, the conceptual metaphor of this expression is LIFE IS A STORY. This is case of structural metaphor and has the aesthetic function to beautify the lyrics through life imagery.

Table 1.9 mappings of LIFE IS A STORY

Source: A STORY Target: LIFE

There are figures/characters There are living things

There is a story script There are life events

There is a plot of the story There is a causal relationship in

the series of life events

There is a message in the end of the There are lessons to be learned

story from every life event

Stanza 2

(1) Turn your magic on,

(2) To me she'd say

(3) Everything you want's a dream away

(4) Under this pressure, under this weight

(5) We are diamonds

The context of this stanza is the pressure in love relationship is compared to the diamond’s natural creation. There is metaphor diamonds in line 5. As explained before, diamond is defined as a very hard precious stone, a form of carbon that looks like clear glass (Oxford). Extreme pressure is one of the steps from carbon turning to diamond (Adventure of

A Lifetime). The pressure is refers to people who suffering in life. They will construct a better personality after experiencing the pressures and weights of problems in their lives or love relationship. They become more beautiful after the pain. Without suffering, they would not be shaped into diamonds.

Hence, the conceptual metaphor of this expression is LOVE IS JEWEL. It shows case of ontological metaphor since the diamond is conceptualized by love relationship. It also has aesthetic function since it used word diamond to beautify the lyrics.

Stanza 7

(1) If we've only got this life

(2) This adventure, oh, then I

(3) And if we've only got this life

(4) You get me through

The context of this stanza is about spending life with someone he love. There is metaphor adventure in line 2. Adventure is defined as an exciting or dangerous experience/willingness to take risks (Oxford). In this life, everything is easy to achieve when someone at the top. However, there are many obstacles he must go through patiently when someone at the bottom. The songwriter wants an adventure with someone he loves. He wants to spend his life with her, pass the joys and sorrows together. Hence, the conceptual metaphor is LIFE IS A JOURNEY. It shows case of structural metaphor, the concept of LIFE is structured according to

JOURNEY terms. It also has the expressive function, since he wants to express his feeling about spending life together.

Table 1.10 mappings of LIFE IS A JOURNEY

Source: A JOURNEY Target: LIFE

The travellers The people

The vehicle The life itself

The journey Events in the life

The distance covered The progress made

The obstacles encountered The difficulties experienced

Decisions about which way to go Choices about what to do

The destination of the journey The goals of the life

6. Song title: Fun

The song Fun consists of nine stanzas. The stanzas that analyzed

are 1, 2, and 3.

Stanza 1

(1) I know it's over before she says

(2) I know it falls at the water face

(3) I know it's over, an ocean awaits for a storms

(4) The sun on snow, rivers in rain

(5) Crystal ball can foresee a change

(6) And I know it's over, a parting of ways

(7) And it's done

The context of this stanza is about knowing the relationship has

ended. It is shown by metaphor over in line 1. Over is defined as at an end

(Oxford). There is an end in a love affair. It could be happy ending or sad ending. In this song, the songwriter says that he knows that the relationship has ended. Word over shows that the conceptual metaphor is LOVE IS A

JOURNEY. It shows case of structural metaphor, the concept of LOVE is structured according to JOURNEY terms. It also has the informational function, the songwriter states that he knows what is happening on his relationship.

Table 1.11 mappings of LOVE IS A JOURNEY

Source: A JOURNEY Target: LOVE

The travellers The lovers

The vehicle The love relationship itself

The journey Events in the relationship

The distance covered The progress made

The obstacles encountered The difficulties experienced

Decisions about which way to go Choices about what to do

The destination of the journey The goals of the relationship

In line 2, there is metaphor falls. Fall is defined as the action of falling (Oxford). The songwriter could feel the signs that his relationship will end by seeing expression on his lover’s face. This line explains that the woman shows a sad expression on her face. Hence, the conceptual metaphor is SAD IS DOWN. It shows case of orientational metaphor, word falls shows a downward spatial which related to negative nuance. It also has the informational function, the songwriter tells the truth that his lover wants to end the relationship.

In addition, there is metaphor ocean and storm in line 3. Ocean is defined as the seas that surround the continents of the earth and storm is defined as a very strong wind usually with rain, snow (Oxford). Like an ocean waiting for a storm, bad weather in the sea is a sign that the storm will come soon. This line explains that the end of relationship will be happen after indicated the signs that showed by her lover and nothing can stop it from happening. The conceptual metaphor of this expression is LOVE IS

VOYAGE. It shows case of structural metaphor, the concept of LOVE is structured according to VOYAGE terms. It also has the aesthetic function, the songwriter used voyage terms to beautify the lyrics.

Table 1.12 mappings of LOVE IS VOYAGE

Source: VOYAGE Target: LOVE

The sailors The lovers

The ship The love relationship itself

The voyage Events in the relationship

The distance covered The progress made

The storm The difficulties experienced

Decisions about which way to go Choices about what to do

The destination of the voyage The goals of the relationship

Stanza 3

(1) From the top of the world, top of the waves

(2) We said forever, forever always

(3) We could have been lost, we would have been saved

(4) Now we're stopping the world, stopping its spin

(5) Oh, come on, don't give up, don't see me give in

(6) Don't say it's over, don't say we're done

(7) Oh, didn't we have fun?

This stanza tells about remembering the happy moments that they spent together. It is shown by metaphor top in line 1. Top is defined as highest (Oxford). The expression “From the top of the world” means when they are in the top of the relationship, they could feel the happiness in every moment they spent together. Then, they promised to stay together forever.

While, there is a wise word from Ali bin Abi Talib, “Never make a decision in anger. Never make a promise in happiness” (Quotefancy). Basically, the promise is an easy thing to say but difficult to implement. The conceptual metaphor for this expression is HAPPY IS UP. This is the type of orientational metaphor, since word top shows an upward spatial which related to positive nuance. Moreover, this expression has the aesthetic function, where the songwriter used those words to beautify the lyrics.

Stanza 4

(1) I know it's over before she says

(2) Know someone else has taken your place

(3) "I know it's over," Icarus says to the sun

(4) The sword sinks in, lightning strikes

(5) And two force, two forces collide

(6) And fight 'til it's over, fight 'til it's done

The context of this stanza is about quarreling. It is shown by metaphor sword and fight. Sword is defined as a weapon with a long pointed blade fixed in a handle or hit (Oxford). It means that he shock when he

52 knows someone else wants to stab his heart with a dagger. He was shocked to learn that the person he cared about wanted to end the relationship. While, fight is defined as a struggle against somebody using hands, weapons, etc

(Oxford). It means that they argue with each other. Hence, the conceptual metaphor of this stanza is LOVE IS WAR. It shows case of structural metaphor, the concept of LOVE is structured according to WAR terms. It also has the aesthetic function, where the imagery of war is used to beautify the lyrics.

Table 1.13 mappings of LOVE IS WAR

Source: WAR Target: LOVE

The soldiers The lovers

Victims People who get involved in love

Wounds Get hurt by being loved

Pain Sad feeling of being loved

Sorrow Sorry for being loved

Victories Togetherness

Defects Separation

7. Song Title: Kaleidoscope

The song Kaleidoscope consists of three stanzas. The stanza that analyzed is stanza 1.

Stanza 1

(1) This being human is a guest house

(2) Every morning a new arrival

The context of this stanza is the human experience and their emotions is temporary. In this song, Coldplay does not sing, which is heard in this song is Barrack Obama's voice in his speech fragment. He read a poem entitled “The Guest House” which is originally by Rumi, a great

Persian poet and philosopher. This poem is translated into English by

Coleman Barks.

There is metaphor guest house in line 1. Guest house is comparable with hotel or inn. Hotel is defined as a building where people pay to have meals and stay for the night (Oxford). Many people come in and out in hotel.

Sometimes they stay for a while, sometimes they do a quick check-in. It is same as experiences in human life, there are great events that always remembered, there are also forgotten little feelings. Hence, the conceptual metaphor is HOTEL IS PERSON. It shows case of ontological metaphor, the human body is conceptualized by a guest house. It also shows the

54 aesthetic function, word guest house is used to beautify the poem by giving an imagery of human body.

8. Song Title: Army of One

The song Army of One consists of six stanzas. The stanzas that analyzed are 1, 2, and 6.

Stanza 1

(1) Been around the world, the wonders to view

(2) Been around the world, looking for someone like you

(3) Pyramids try, Babylon too

(4) But the beautifullest treasures lie in the deepest blue

The context of this stanza is there is a meaningful person in someone’s life. It is shown by metaphor treasures in line 4. Treasure is defined as a precious thing or person (Oxford). Here, the man compares the woman with the ancient Seven Wonder of the World. Pyramids try means

The Great Pyramid of Giza and Babylon too means The Hanging Garden of

Babylon. Then, he implies that the real beauty, the precious treasure lies within the ocean. It could be means Atlantis, the lost city. The songwriter wants to say that the beauty of these wonders are not worth with the beauty of the woman, but he implies the woman was a wonder hidden in the deepest ocean.

The conceptual metaphor of this stanza is TREASURE IS PERSON.

It shows case of ontological metaphor, the person is conceptualized by the treasure. It also has the aesthetic function, the songwriter used the imagery of Seven Wonder of the World to beautify the lyrics.

Stanza 2

(1) So I never say die, aim never untrue

(2) I'm never so high as when I'm with you

(3) And there isn't a fire, that I wouldn't walk through

(4) My army of one is gonna fight for you

There is metaphor high in line 2. The context of high is about happiness. High is defined as reaching a long way upwards (Oxford). This line explains that people will feel happiness when they are surrounded by their beloved ones. Hence, the conceptual metaphor of this line is HAPPY

IS UP. It shows case of orientational metaphor, word high shows an upward spatial which related to positive nuance. It also has the aesthetic function, the songwriter used word high to beautify the lyrics.

The second metaphor of this stanza is fire in line 3. The context of fire is about obstacles and difficultness in love relationship. Fire is defined as the process of burning that produces light and heat (Oxford). Love affairs do not always experience the pleasure things, sometimes people are also given an obstacle to pass. It will prove how deeply their love for someone.

Hence, the conceptual metaphor of this expression is LOVE IS FIRE. It

56 shows case of structural metaphor, the concept of LOVE is structured according to FIRE terms. It also has aesthetic function, since the songwriter used the imagery of fire to beautify the lyrics.

Table 1.14 mappings of LOVE IS FIRE

Source: FIRE Target: LOVE

The lighting of Fire When lovers come together

Body Heat Temperature change when being

loved

The blazing fire The feelings of passionate love

The heat of fire The obstacles in love relationship

The last metaphor of this stanza is fight in line 4. The context of fight is about struggle of love. Fight is defined as a struggle against somebody using hands, weapons, etc (Oxford). The term “Army of one” means that there is someone who is the only soldier who fighting for his love. He is willing to sacrifice anything. He is ready for anything that challenges him, because he loves this person very much. The conceptual metaphor for this expression is LOVE IS WAR. It shows case of structural metaphor, the concept of LOVE is structured according to WAR terms. It also has the

57 informational function, the songwriter inform his lover that he will protect her.

Stanza 6

(1) Sayin my heart is my gun, army of one

(2) Yeah my heart is my gun, army of one

(3) It's my only weapon, army of one

(4) Yeah my heart is my gun, army of one

In this stanza, there is metaphor gun in line 1. The context of gun is about protecting someone with a good heart. Gun is defined as a weapon that fires shells or bullets from a metal tube. The songwriter will give attention, affection, and all his goodness, so that he can protect her. Word gun shows that the conceptual metaphor is LOVE IS A WEAPON. It shows case of structural metaphor, the concept of LOVE is structured according to WEAPON terms. It also has the aesthetic function, the songwriter used the imagery of gun to beautify the lyrics.

Table 1.15 mappings of LOVE IS WEAPON

Source: WEAPON Target: LOVE

The soldier The lover

Weapon can protect someone Love can make someone feels

happy

Weapon can hurt someone Love can make someone feels

pain

9. Song Title: X Marks the Spot

The song X Marks the spot consists of seven stanzas. The stanza that analyzed is stanza 3.

Stanza 3

(1) I put my hands up to the sky, feeling like

(2) I've got a rocketship that I want to ride

(3) I put my hands up to the sky, that’s alright

(4) Wherever you are, I'll find that treasure (so I reach for it)

(5) Wherever you are, I'll find that treasure (so I reach for it)

There is metaphor rocketship in line 2. The context of rocketship is about love relationship. Rocketship is defined as a warship armed with rockets (Oxford). Spaceship is a vehicle that must be driven by some people, just as love relationship is a thing to be lived by two lovers. This line tells about the songwriter’s relationship. He was very happy with the relationship because he got the woman he wanted to be his lover. Word rocketship shows that the conceptual metaphor is LOVE IS VEHICLE. It shows case of ontological metaphor, the rocketship is conceptualized by the relationship.

It also has the aesthetic function, the songwriter used the imagery of

rocketship to beautify the lyrics.

In line 4, there is metaphor treasure. The context of treasure is about

valuable happiness. Treasure is defined as a precious thing or person

(Oxford). X marks the spot is an idiom that means where the treasure is

located. The treasure is located in the woman's self, she is the treasure. The

songwriter does not seem to be able to move on, because wherever she is,

she will be remain a valuable person for him even though they no longer

together now. The conceptual metaphor of this expression is TREASURE

IS A PERSON. It shows case of ontological metaphor, the person is

conceptualized by the treasure. It also shows the expressive function, he

wants to express that she will be remain a valuable person for him.

10. Song Title: Amazing Day

The song Amazing Day consists of five stanzas. The stanza that

analyzed is stanza 1.

Stanza 1

(1) We sat on a roof, named every star

(2) Shared every bruise and showed every scar

(3) Hope has its proof put your hand in mine

(4) "Life has a beautiful, crazy design"

There are metaphor bruise and scar in line 2. The context of this expression is about bad experience in life. In Oxford dictionary, Bruise is defined as a dark mark made on the skin by hitting it. While, scar is defined as a lasting effect left by an unpleasant experience. There is a man and a woman sharing about their life experience. Both of them have bad experiences in the past, but they did not doubt to share each other. The conceptual metaphor of this expression is LIFE IS WOUND. It shows case of ontological metaphor, LIFE is conceptualized by WOUND terms. It also shows the aesthetic function, word bruise and scar are used to beautify the lyrics.

"Life has a beautiful, crazy design", is a metaphorical expression which is shown by word design. The context of this expression is about the fate. Design is defined as a drawing that shows how something is to be made

(Oxford). In this case, there are two hurt people meet each other accidentally. By sharing their past stories, they know what they should do.

So, they can loving each other without hurting themselves. They are grateful for the fate that has brought them together. Hence, LIFE IS CREATION is the conceptual metaphor of this expression. It shows case of ontological metaphor, LIFE is conceptualized by the CREATION. It also shows the aesthetic function, word design is used to beautify the lyrics.

11. Song Title: Up and Up

The song Up and Up consists of twelve stanzas. The stanzas that

analyzed are 1 and 9. Another stanza are repetition.

Stanza 1

(1) Fixing up a car to drive in it again

(2) Searching for the water, hoping for the rain

(3) Up and up

(4) Up and up

There is metaphor car in line 1. The context of this expression is

fixing the mistakes in the past and trying to move on. In Oxford dictionary,

car is defined as a motor car / a carriage. The songwriter has a failure

experience in his life but he tries to move on. He wants to fix the mistakes

and continue the mission that had stopped. The conceptual metaphor of this

expression is LIFE IS VEHICLE. It shows case of ontological metaphor,

LIFE is conceptualized by VEHICLE terms such as car. This expression

also has the aesthetic function, word car is used to beautify the lyrics by

giving an imagery of life.

In line 3, there is metaphor up. In Oxford dictionary, up is defined

as to or in a higher place or position or level. The context of this expression

is about rise from adversity. Someone usually experiences success and

failure in life but the songwriter tells people who fails to do not give up and

62 try another effort to achieve success. Hence, the conceptual metaphor of this expression is SUCCESS IS UP. This is the type of orientational metaphor, word up shows an upward spatial which related to positive nuance. This expression also has the aesthetic function, the songwriter used those words to beautify the lyrics.

Stanza 9

(1) Try and see the forest, there in every seed

(2) Angels in the marble waiting to be freed

(3) Just need love

(4) Just need love

There is metaphor seed in line 1. Seed is defined as a fertilize part of a plant, capable of growing into a new plant (Oxford). The context of this line is about tremendous potential of someone. A shady forest filled with sturdy big trees is started from a small seed that seems meaningless. It is same as the tremendous potential that exists within human. Although they look ordinary today, they need time to discover their talents and hone their skills. Hence, the conceptual metaphor of this expression is LIFE IS

PLANT. It is the type of ontological metaphor, LIFE is conceptualized by

PLANT terms. It also has the aesthetic function, word seed is used to beautify the lyrics by giving an imagery of life.

CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusions

The result of the analysis shows that the conceptual metaphor is used

widely pervasive in everyday life as it occurred in song lyrics as well. The

word choice in song lyrics has a certain structure based on everyday

experiences, background knowledge and culture. The mapping process

shows the relation between the source domain and the target domain to make

the words or sentences easily understood by human.

The whole types of metaphor in A Head Full of Dream album by

Coldplay are found through the analysis of conceptual metaphor theory by

Lakoff and Johnson. There are 13 structural metaphor, 16 ontological

metaphor, and 8 orientational metaphor. The ontological metaphor is the

most frequently used by the songwriter in this song lyrics.

The songwriters took many lyrical references from poetical texts of

famous people such as Rumi and Shakespears, Obama's speech texts, and

stories of Greek myths. The meaning of metaphor revealed through the

analysis process which shows many interpretations of love and life. LOVE

was mostly conceptualized as a war, journey, voyage, fire, weapon, and

light. Meanwhile, LIFE was conceptualized as a water, addiction, story, and

journey.

Moreover, this metaphor has the functions to support the song lyrics.

The functions of metaphor are revealed by using Leech theory but only 4 of

5 functions used in the song lyrics. There are 3 informational functions, 2

directive functions, 10 expressive functions, and 22 aesthetic functions.

B. Suggestions

This research uses metaphor as a tool to see the phenomenon of

language, especially on Coldplay’s song lyrics to know what type, meaning,

and function of conceptual metaphor on love and life terms. For further

analysis, it is suggested to use another data to get deeper and broader

analysis through the study of conceptual metaphor such as poem or speech

text. Therefore, this suggestion may give another opportunity to analyse

broader research using conceptual metaphor as a theory.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

Arifin, E. Zaenal, et al. Asas-Asas Linguistik Umum. Tangerang: Pustaka Mandiri, 2015.

Croft, William and D. Alan Cruse. Cognitive Linguistics. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

Evans, Vyvyan. A Glossary of Cognitive Linguistics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007.

Evans, Vyvyan and Melanie Green. Cognitive Linguistics: An Introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2006.

Farkhan, Muhammad. Proposal Penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra. Jakarta: Cella, 2007.

Finch, Geoffrey. How to Study Linguistics. New York: Palgrave McMillan, 2003.

Griffiths, Patrick. An Introduction to English Semantics and Pragmatics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2006.

Hurford, James R, Brendan Heasley and Michael B Smith. Semantic a Coursebook. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

Keraf, Gorys. Diksi dan Gaya Bahasa. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2009.

Knowless, Murray and Rosamund Moon. Introducing Metaphor. New York: Routledge, 2006.

Kovecses, Zoltan. Metaphor: A Practical Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.

Kridalaksana, Harimurti. Pesona Bahasa; Langkah Awal Memahami Linguistik. Ed. Kushartanti, Untung Yuwono and Multamia RMT Lauder. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2005.

Lakoff, George and Mark Johnson. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2003.

Nawawi, Hadari and Martini Hadari. Instrumen Penelitian Bidang Sosial. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press, 1995.

Oxford School Dictionary. New York: Oxford University Press , 2012.

Renkema, Jan. Introduction to Discourse Studies. Philadelpia: John Benjamin Publishing, 2004.

Rusminto, Nurlaksana Eko. Analisis Wacana: Kajian Teoritis dan Praktis. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu, 2015.

Subroto, Edi. Pengantar Metoda Penelitian Linguistik Struktur. Surakarta: Sebelas Maret University Press, 1992.

Subuki, Makyun. Semantik: Pengantar Memahami Makna Bahasa. Jakarta: Transpustaka, 2011.

Journals

Adams, Aurora Mathews. "Linguistic and Conceptual Metaphors of "Heart" in Learner Corpora." (2017).

Gavelin, Emma. "Conceptual Metaphors: A Diachronic Study of LOVE Metaphors in Mariah Carey's Song Lyrics." (2015).

Websites

Adventure of A Lifetime. 2009. 20 Apr 2018. .

Amazing Day by Coldplay. February 2016. 7 June 2018. .

Coldplay. 2017. 18 May 2017. .

Five Functions of Language (Leech, 1974). 11 2013. 01 2019. .

Fool's Gold. 2012. 2 Apr 2018. .

Paper Due Now. 2010. 16 March 2018. .

Stumme, Clifford. What does "Everglow" by Coldplay mean? 28 Nov 2015. 20 Apr 2018. https://www.popsongprofessor.com/2015/11/28/what-does-everglow-by- coldplay-mean/.

APPENDIX

"A Head Full Of Dreams"

Oh, I think I landed In a world I hadn't seen When I'm feeling ordinary When I don't know what I mean

Oh, I think I landed Where there are miracles at work For the thirst and for the hunger Come the conference of birds

Saying it's true It's not what it seems Leave your broken windows open And in the light just streams

And you get a head A head full of dreams You can see the change you want to Be what you want to be

When you get a head A head full of dreams Into life I just been spoken With a head full, a head full of dreams

Oh, I think I landed Where there are miracles at work When you got me open handed When you got me lost for words

I sing, oh-ohohoh Oh-ohohoh Oh-ohohoh [repeats]

A head full of dreams A head full of dreams

Into life I just been spoken With a head full, a head full of dreams

"Birds"

Been standing in the corner Studying the lights The dreaming of escape Will keep you up at night

But someone had put the flare up Got me in rays So... I guess I better stay

"Uh uh, no come on!" you say

It's a fools gold thunder It's just warning rain Don't let the fears just start, what if I won't see you again Around here you never want to Sleep all night

So start falling in love, Start the riot And come on rage with me

We don't need words We'll be birds Got to make our own key

Only got this moment You and me Guilty of nothing But geography

Come on and raise it Come on raise this noise For the million people Who got not one voice Come on, it's not over! If you mean it say loud Come on, all for love Out from the underground

Away with me We don't need words Close your eyes and see We'll be birds

Flying free Holding on in the mystery

Fearless through this you said We'll go Through this together (ooohh) When you fly won't you Won't you take me too? In this world so cruel I think you're so cool

"Hymn For The Weekend" (feat. Beyoncé)

[Beyoncé:] Drink from me, drink from me Then we'll shoot across the sky Symphony Then we'll shoot across the sky We're on a... Drink from me, drink from me Then we'll shoot across the sky Symphony (So high, so high) Then we'll shoot across the sky

[Coldplay:] Oh, angel sent from up above You know you make my world light up When I was down, when I was hurt You came to lift me up Life is a drink, and love's a drug Oh, now I think I must be miles up When I was a river, dried up You came to rain a flood

[Coldplay & Beyoncé:] And said drink from me, drink from me When I was so thirsty Pour on a symphony Now I just can't get enough Put your wings on me, wings on me When I was so heavy Pour on a symphony When I'm low, low, low, low

[Coldplay:] I, oh, I, oh, I Got me feeling drunk and high So high, so high Oh, I, oh, I, oh, I Now I'm feeling drunk and high So high, so high Woo!

[Coldplay & Beyoncé:] Oh, angel sent from up above I feel it coursing through my blood Life is a drink, your love's about To make the stars come out

[Coldplay & Beyoncé:] Put your wings on me, wings on me When I was so heavy Pour on a symphony When I'm low, low, low, low

[Coldplay:] I, oh, I, oh, I Got me feeling drunk and high So high, so high Oh I, oh, I, oh, I I'm feeling drunk and high So high, so high

[Beyoncé & Coldplay:] I, oh, I, oh, I La la la la la la la So high, so high I, oh, I, oh, I I'm feeling drunk and high So high, so high

[Beyoncé & Coldplay:] Then we'll shoot across the sky Then we'll shoot across the... Then we'll shoot across the sky Then we'll shoot across the... Then we'll shoot across the sky Then we'll shoot across the...

Then we'll shoot across the sky Then we'll shoot across the...

"Everglow"

Oh they say people come Say people go This particular diamond was extra special And though you might be gone And the world may not know Still I see you celestial

Like a lion you ran A goddess you rolled Like an eagle you circled In perfect purple So how come things move on How come cars don't slow When it feels like the end of my world? When I should but I can't let you go?

But when I'm cold, cold When I'm cold, cold There's a light that you give me When I'm in shadow There's a feeling within me, an everglow

Like brothers in blood Sisters who ride And we swore on that night We'd be friends 'til we died But the changing of winds And the way waters flow Life as short as the falling of snow And now I'm gonna miss you, I know

But when I'm cold, cold In water rolled, salt And I know that you're with me And the way you will show And you're with me wherever I go 'Cause you give me this feeling, this everglow

What I wouldn't give for just a moment to hold Yeah, I live for this feeling, this everglow

So if you love someone, you should let them know Oh, the light that you left me will everglow

"Adventure Of A Lifetime"

Turn your magic on Umi she'd say Everything you want's a dream away And we are legends every day That's what she told me

Turn your magic on, To me she'd say Everything you want's a dream away Under this pressure, under this weight We are diamonds

Now I feel my heart beating I feel my heart underneath my skin And I feel my heart beating Oh, you make me feel Like I'm alive again Alive again Oh, you make me feel Like I'm alive again

Said I can't go on, Not in this way I'm a dream that died by light of day Gonna hold up half the sky and say Only I own me

And I feel my heart beating I feel my heart underneath my skin Oh, I can feel my heart beating 'Cause you make me feel Like I'm alive again Alive again Oh, you make me feel Like I'm alive again

Turn your magic on, Umi she'd say Everything you want's a dream away

Under this pressure under this weight We are diamonds taking shape We are diamonds taking shape

If we've only got this life This adventure, oh, then I And if we've only got this life You get me through

And if we've only got this life In this adventure, oh, then I Want to share it with you With you With you Yeah I do Woohoo Woohoo Woohoo

"Fun" (feat. Tove Lo)

[Coldplay:] I know it's over before she says I know it falls at the water face I know it's over, an ocean awaits For a storm The sun on snow, rivers in rain Crystal ball can foresee a change And I know it's over, a parting of ways And it's done

[Coldplay:] But didn't we have fun? Don't say it was all a waste Didn't we have fun? From the top of the world Top of the waves We said forever, forever always We could have been lost We would have been saved Now we're stopping the world, stopping its spin Oh, come on don't give up Don't see me give in Don't say it's over

Don't say we're done Oh, didn't we have fun? Oh, didn't we have fun?

[Coldplay & Tove Lo:] I know it's over before she says Know someone else has taken your place "I know it's over," Icarus says To the sun The sword sinks in, lightning strikes And two force, two forces collide And fight 'til it's over, Fight 'til it's done

[Coldplay & Tove Lo:] But didn't we have fun? Don't say it was all a waste Didn't we have fun? From the top of the world Top of the waves We said forever, forever always We could have been lost We would have been saved Now we're stopping the world, stopping in its tracks But nothing's too broken to find a way back Before it's over, before you run Ah, didn't we have fun?

[Coldplay & Tove Lo:] 'Cause you and me We were always meant to... always meant to be We were always meant to... always meant to You and me We were always meant to... always meant to be

Oh, didn't we have fun? Oh, didn't we have fun?

[Coldplay:] But then... Maybe we could again

"Kaleidoscope"

This being human is a guest house Every morning a new arrival

A joy, a depression, a meanness Some momentary awareness comes As an unexpected visitor

Welcome and entertain them all! Be grateful for whoever comes Because each has been sent as a guide

"Army Of One"

Been around the world, the wonders to view Been around the world, looking for someone like you Pyramids try, Babylon too But the beautifullest treasures lie in the deepest blue

So I never say die, aim never untrue I'm never so high as when I'm with you And there isn't a fire, that I wouldn't walk through My army of one is gonna fight for you

Been around the world, the universe too Been around flying, baby, it's nothing I wouldn't do Tanzaku stars, Lasso the moon And be standing there beside you right When the storm comes through

'Cause I never say die, aim never untrue Never so high as when I'm with you And there isn't a fire, that I wouldn't walk through My army of one is gonna fight for you My army of one is gonna fall for you, yeah!

'Cause you reign, all 'cause you reign All 'cause you reign My army of one is gonna call it through

Sayin my heart is my gun, army of one Yeah my heart is my gun, army of one It's my only weapon, army of one Sayin my heart is my gun, army of one

"X Marks The Spot"

(So I reach for it)

Stare into darkness, staring at doom My heart go boom, bo-boom boom Stare into darkness, admit defeat Coming home and I'm finding no peace

And I know, and I know and I know I know I'm out of luck And I know, and I know and I know I know what you've got

I put my hands up to the sky, the feeling is like I've got a rocketship that I want to ride I put my hands up to the sky, the feeling is like Wherever you are, I'll find that treasure

(So I reach for it) Wherever you are, I'll find that treasure (So I reach for it)

Stare into darkness, staring at doom You make my heart go boom, bo-boom boom Superhero, a masterpiece Been innocent but a sinner in me

And I know, and I know and I know I know I'm in luck And I know, and I know and I know I know when I'm not

I just put my hands up to the sky, I'm feeling like I've got a rocketship that I want to ride I put my hands up to the sky, the feeling is like Wherever you are, I'll find that treasure

I just put my hands up to the sky, the feeling is like I've got a rocket, eyes on the prize I put my hands up to the sky, I'm gonna find Wherever you are, I'll find that treasure

(So I reach for it) Wherever you are, I'll find that treasure (So I reach for it) Wherever you are, I'll find that treasure (So I reach for it) And I know, and I know, and I know (So I reach for it) I know what I've got

X marks the spot

I just put my hands up to the sky, I'm feeling like I've got a rocketship that I want to ride I put my hands up to the sky, the feeling is like Wherever you are, I'll find that treasure [repeat]

"Amazing Day"

We sat on a roof, named every star Shared every bruise and showed every scar Hope has its proof put your hand in mine saying, "Life has a beautiful, crazy design."

And time seemed to say, "Forget the world and its weight." And here I just want to stay

Amazing day Amazing day

We sat on a roof, named every star You showed me a place Where you can be what you are

And the view, the whole Milky Way In your eyes, I drifted away And in your arms I just want to sway

Amazing day Amazing day Amazing day Amazing day

Oh-oh-oh-oh, oh-oh-oh-oh, oh-oh-oh-oh, oh-oh-oh-oh Oh-oh-oh-oh, oh-oh-oh-oh, oh-oh-oh-oh, oh

And I asked Can the Birds in poetry, chime? Can there be breaks in the chaos sometimes? Oh, thanks God, must have heard when I prayed 'Cause now I always want to feel this way

Amazing day

Amazing day Amazing day Amazing day Yeah, today

"Up&Up"

Fixing up a car to drive in it again Searching for the water, hoping for the rain Up and up Up and up

Down upon the canvas, working meal to meal Waiting for a chance to pick on your orange field Up and up Up and up

See a pearl form a diamond in the rough See a bird soaring high above the flood It's in your blood It's in your blood

Underneath the storm, an umbrella is saying, "Sitting with the poison takes away the pain." Up and up Up and up, saying

We're gonna get it, get it together right now Gonna get it, get it together somehow Gonna get it, get it together and flower We're gonna get it, get it together, I know Gonna get it, get it together and flow Gonna get it, get it together and go Up and up and up

Lying in the gutter, aiming for the moon Trying to empty out the ocean with a spoon Up and up Up and up

How come people suffer? How come people part? How come people struggle? How come people break your heart? Break your heart, oh

Yes, I wanna grow, yes, I wanna feel

Yes, I wanna know, show me how to heal it up Heal it up, oh

Try and see the forest, there in every seed Angels in the marble waiting to be freed Just need love Just need love

When the going is rough, saying

But you can say what is, or fight for it Close your mind or take a risk You can say, "It's mine," and clench your fist Or see each sunrise as a gift

[2x] We're gonna get it, get it together right now Gonna get it, get it together somehow Gonna get it, get it together and flower We're gonna get it, get it together, I know Gonna get it, get it together and flow Gonna get it, get it together and go

Up and up and up

Fixing up a car to drive in it again When you're in pain, when you think you've had enough Don't ever give up Don't ever give up

Believe in love