English Education Study Program – STKIP West Sumatera [2017]

AN ANALYSIS OF METAPHOR IN COLDPLAY ALBUM OF A HEAD FULL OF DREAMS Anggi Yusaputra1)Suharni2)Dian Mega Putri3)

1 English Education Department Students, STKIP PGRI West Sumatera, Gunung Pangilun– Padang, [email protected],(1st Writer) 2 English Education Department Students, STKIP PGRI West Sumatera, Gunung Pangilun – Padang, [email protected], (Co-author) 3English Education Department Lecturers, STKIP PGRI West Sumatera, Gunung Pangilun– Padang, [email protected], (Co-author)

ABSTRACT This research was about metaphor in Coldlay album of “A Head Full of Dream”.The purpose of this research was to find out the types of metaphor in three song lyrics which are Adventure of a lifetime, Amazing day, Birds. The writer used the theory from Lackoff and Johnson about types of metaphor; structural metaphor, ontological metaphor dan orientational metaphor. This is a qualitative research method that data source from three song lyrics in Coldplay album of “A Head Full of Dreams”. In collecting the data, the writer used observation method with tapping technique and uninvolved conversation observation technique that combined with writing technique. In analyzing the data, the writer used comparing method with connecting and comparing technique. In conducting this research the writer listened the song, downloaded the song lyrics, understood the lyrics, and identified the data based on theory and context in song lyrics. The result of this research was, there are seven sentences containing metaphors in Coldplay songs. From that seven sentences there were 2 types of metaphors, there were: 5 ontological metaphor sentences, 2 orientational metaphor sentences and structural metaphor was not found.

Penelitian ini tentang metafora yang ditemukan di dalam album Coldplay “A Head Full of Dreams”. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tipe-tipe metafora yang terdapat dalam 3 buah lagu yaitu Adventure of a lifetime, Amazing day, Birds. Teori yang digunakan oleh peneliti dalam penelitian ini adalah teori dari Lackoff and Jonhson tentang tipe-tipe metafora yaitu: structural metaphor, ontological metaphor dan orientational metaphor. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Data mencakup 3 buah lirik lagu didalam album Coldplay “A Head Full of Dreams”. Dalam pengumpulan data peneliti memakai metode simak dengan menggunakan teknik rekam dan simak libat bebas cakap yang di kombinasikan dengan teknik catat. Dalam menganalisis data peneliti mamakai metode padan dengan menggunakan teknik hubung banding. Dalam melakukan penelitian ini peneliti mendengarkan lagu, download lirik lagu, membaca memahami lirik lagu dan mengidentifikasi data berdasarkan teori dan konteks di dalam lirik lagu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tujuh kalimat yang memiliki metafora di dalam lagu Coldplay, dari 7 kalimat tersebut di temukan 2 tipe metafora, diantaranya:5 kalimat ontological metaphor, 2 orientational metaphor dan tidak ditemukan structural metaphor.

Keywords : Metafora, Coldplay album “A Head Full of Dreams”. INTRODUCTION

Language is the principal means of human their thoughts and their imaginations, it can be being to communicate with each other. It is used to spoken or written. express our reaction to certain situations, and reveal our thought, ideas, emotions and feelings. Communication can be built if there is an According to Lust (2006:9), language is first and understanding between speaker and the hearer in foremost symbolic, sounds, words and sentences other word, the source person and target person. represent and capture an infinity of possible The main aim is to indicate something or some meanings and intentions. It means, language is relations or even some ideas, and it can be a shown important tool in people communcation each other. or called as its meaning. In this case, meaning is Language is also used to express someone‘s important and significant. If the hearer cannot feelings or emotion and also to express their ideas, comprehend the meaning of the speaker try to Hence, the writer chooses metaphor in A reveal, the meaning won’t be delivered smoothly. Head Full of Dreams album because in these album communicates not only about love but also about Meaning can be studied through scientific life, struggle, faith and many more. It belongs to study of language called Linguistics. Meaning is an difficult to understand because Coldplay has integral part of the semantics and always attached adopted metaphor to beautify their lyrics. of what people speaks. Understanding meaning Therefore, the writer will discuss the type of itself is very diverse. According to Pateda metaphor that found in song lyrics and analyze the (2001:79), meaning is words and terms are meaning. confusing. Meaning is always embedded in speech in words or sentences. In Semantics, meaning is In this research, writer wants to find out the divided in two parts, literal meaning and non-literal metaphor in three Coldplay songs. The writer meaning. Literal means based on the actual words. choosed three songs because these song are Non-literal meaning is the other way around. The contains many metaphors. These lyrics have speaker means something different from his literal magnificent words and the poetic aspects. In meaning of the words, he has another intentions Coldplay songs contained metaphors. Therefore, which different from the meaning of words he said. the writers was interested to analyze metaphor The hearer may find it is difficult to understand because it was important to learn and hopefully this what the speaker wants to convey if the speaker study will be useful for the reader. speaks non-literally. There are a number of ways in expressing ideas which deviate from semantic RESEARCH METHOD conventions, some of which are through the use of idiom and figurative language. This research was a qualitative research. According to Bogdan and Taylor in Pickens Furthermore, metaphor is one part of (2004:299), a qualitative method refers to research figurative language which is the most common and procedures, which produce descriptive data, widely used. It is an implicit comparison in which people’s own written or spoken words and the intended idea is compare with another idea observable behavior. To describe the phenomenon through a similarity or likeness of characteristics, in this research the writer used descriptive method qualities or attributes between the two ideas. with qualitative approach. According to Sudaryanto Metaphors maybe viewed as a figure of speech in (1993:62), the term of descriptive has relation with which a particular phrase or term is applied, that language study "descriptive linguistic". Descriptive has a literal meaning, to a context that is different is a study based on facts or phenomena empirically in order to suggest a likeness. In using the exists on the speakers, so the result or noted in figurative comparison, additional information is form of language used. Descriptive method used in providedabout the content, structure as well as the this research because the writer wants to find the meaning of any situation. Metaphors are now metaphor sentences and meaning of metaphor commonly seen as essential in understanding sentences are found in Coldplay’s song lyric. thinking and language use, as well as beingkey for Qualitative approach used in describing the data in creativity and the development of approaches to words and it does not form numerical as the result new emerging research objects. Metaphor is not because the data was in the form of descriptions or only found in poetry, novel, short story, or poem. It written form as the result of qualitative research. also can be found in the song lyric too. The purpose of this research was to analyze the Song is one of the ways to express someone’s types of metaphor sentences in song lyrics. The feeling that could be seen, heard and experienced. sources of data was took from three song lyrics on Song becomes a part of human life and stick in her A Head Full of Dreams, Coldplay’s song albums. mind. It is easy to find and interesting. A The song titles are; Adventure of Life Time, songwriter uses connotative and figurative to make Amazing Day, and Birds. The writer took data for appeal and specific of the song or lyrics. The this research from the script of the song lyrics. listener can have different interpretation for each lyric depend on the background of the listener or In collecting the data for this research, the their knowledge. A song writer will not use usual writer used Observation Method. According to words to write a lyric because it will not attract the Mahsun, Observation Method is a method which is listener to imagine and reveal the message beneath used to find the data by observing the use of the the song. To create a song with beautiful words is language (2012: 92). The observing here is not only related to the songwriter capability to choose for oral source, but also written source, such as certain words to present the imagination. It will articles, manuscript, dictionary, etc. In this research have additional value to the lyrics. the writer observed the metaphor sentences which are found in Coldplay’s song lyrics. This method

2 has a basic technique in the form of Tapping The ontological metaphors were 5 ontological Technique. In collecting the data, the writer taped metaphors. Those sentences were And we are the used of the informant language. Then the legends every day – that’s what she told me,Under technique above followed by Uninvolved this pressure under this weight - we are diamonds, Conversation Observation Technique means that it's a fool’s gold thunder, out from the the writer was an observer of the informant’s underground, and we'll be birds. And, the language and the writer was not involved directly orientational metaphors were 2 orientational in conversation, in this research the informant’s metaphor. Those sentences was life has a beautiful was the song lyrics of Coldplay. Those techniques - crazy design and Don't let the fears just start - were combined with writing technique. Writing what if I won't see you again. In addition, the technique was the continuation technique which structural metaphors were not found in Coldplay applies the observation method. This technique was song lyrics. Because, Structural metaphor is a done by writing some relevant data from the source concept of a thing that metaphorically structured on or informant (Mahsun, 2005:93). During something else. One example is the concept of a observation, metaphor that find in Coldplay song structural metaphor experience argues that explains lyrics noted by using writing technique. that Argument is War (Lakoff & Johnson, 2003:14). In the opinion of debates or controversies Moreover, to analyze the data the writer used between two or more persons are often found comparing method. According to Mahsun metaphorical expressions like "strategy", "attack", (2012:117), a research which is done by comparing and "wins" are commonly used in war. The words and connecting the elements of data sources is are then borrowed into one another concept, called Comparing Method. There are two kinds of namely, argued. Processes in argumentation rated Comparing Method: Intralingua Comparing have the same meaning to the concept of war. Method; and Extralingua Comparing Method. In Similarities in the two concepts are both have the this research, the writer used Extralingua Method to concept of winning and losing. And therefore, the analyze types of metaphor. Extraligua method is an researchers did not find the concept of structural analysis method that comparing and connecting the metaphor that says about the debate and opposition elements from the outside of the language that is in Coldplay album of A Head Full of Dreams. context. Context can be place and situation of the song lyrics. After the data had been collected, After conducting this research, the writer those data was analyzed by using Connecting and answered the research question about types of Comparing Technique to find out the similarity, metaphor in Coldplay album of A Head Full of difference, and the similarity of main elements. Dreams. Based on finding, the writer found three types of metaphor in Coldplay album of A Head Full of Dreams. The types were: structural; FINDING AND DISCUSSION ontological and orientational. The writer reviewed some related research with Ahmad 2014. A Study After analyzing the data, the writer found that of Metaphors in Bob Marley Songs, the there were types of metaphor that found in researcher found 14 structural metaphor, 1 Coldplay song lyrics were structural metaphor, orientational metaphor and the reseacher did not ontological metaphor and orientational metaphor. found the ontological metaphor. It is because there In fact, the writer found two types of metaphor; were no data showed about event and activities of ontological metaphor and orientational metaphor. entities and substances of metaphor. This finding can be seen in the following table.

Table 1. Types of metaphor in Coldplay album of CONCLUSION A Head Full of Dreams The writer gave the conclusion of this No Type of Metaphors Sum research. The writer concluded that there were structural metaphors, ontological metaphors and 1 Structural Metaphors - orientational metaphors found in three song lyrics 2 Ontological Metaphors 5 entitled Adventure of Life Time, Amazing Day and 3 Orientational Metaphors 2 Birds. It can be concluded that the type of metaphor 7 that found in Coldplay’s song lyrics were found ontological metaphors, then followed by structural From the table above can be seen that there metaphors and orientational metaphors. The were 7 metaphor sentences of consisted of types ontological metaphor that found were 5 then, the metaphors in Coldplay album of A Head Full of orientational metaphor were 2, and the structural Dreams. In three song lyrics of Coldplay metaphor were not found. (Adventure of life time, Birds, and Amazing Day)

3 SUGGESTION

Moreover, The writer hoped that this research can give contribution for the students, reader and writer self. For the researcher, the writer was able to improve his knowledge in analyzing types of metaphor in Coldplay’s song album especially in thee song lyrics. Then, the writer or other researcher can broaden this research completely to get better development in types of metaphors in Coldplay song lyrics.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

A special thanks and appreciation from the deepest heart are given to advisors, Suharni, M.Pd., and Dian Mega Putri, M.Pd., who have been kind and willing to give their times, energy, suggestions and supports in completing this thesis.

REFERENCES

Lackoff and Johnson. 2003. Metaphor we live by. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. Lust, Barbara 2006. Child Language: Acquisition and Growth. New York: Cambridge University Press. Mahsun, M. S. 2012. Metode Penelitian Bahasa: Tahapan Strategi, Metode, dan Tekniknya Edisi Revisi. Depok: Raja Grafindo Persada Pickens, George F. 2004. African Christian God- talk: Matthew Ajuoga's Johera Narrative. Maryland: University Press of America Pateda, Mansoer, 2001. Semantik Leksikal. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. Sudaryanto. 1993. Metode dan Aneka Teknik Analisis Bahasa. Yogyakarta: Duta Wacana University Press

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