DOCSLIB.ORG

RETABLOS Y PIEDRAS SANTOS La Materialidad De Las Wak’As

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
RETABLOS Y PIEDRAS SANTOS La Materialidad De Las Wak’As RETABLOS Y PIEDRAS SANTOS La materialidad de las wak’as Varinia Oros Rodríguez Museo Nacional de Etnografía y Folklore Fundación Cultural del Banco Central de Bolivia La Paz, Bolivia. 2015 3 Oros Rodríguez, Varinia Retablos y Piedras Santos. La materialidad de las wak’as.-- Varinia Oros Rodríguez.-- La Paz: MUSEF, 2015.-- 1a. ed. 248 p: 318 fotos; 30 cm. D. L.: 4-1-358-15 P.O. ISBN: 978-99974-853-4-2 / RETABLOS / ESTRUCTURA ARQUITECTÓNICA / CREACIÓN DE OBJETOS DE ARTE RELIGIOSO / ICONOGRAFÍA / SANTOS / VÍRGENES / PIEDRAS SANTOS / CRUCES / FIESTAS RELIGIOSAS / CALENDARIO FESTIVO - BOLIVIA / CONSERVACIÓN Y RESTAURACIÓN DE COLECCIONES MUSEOGRÁFICAS / PERÍODOS DE LA HISTORIA / CALENDARIOS / BOLIVIA / 1. TÍTULO CDD 704.948 RETABLOS Y PIEDRAS SANTOS. La materialidad de las wak’as Varinia Oros Rodríguez BANCO CENTRAL DE BOLIVIA Marcelo Zabalaga Estrada: Presidente Abraham Pérez Alandia: Vicepresidente Álvaro Rodríguez Rojas: Director Sergio Velarde Vera: Director Reynaldo Yujra Segales: Director Ronald Polo Rivero: Director Álvaro Romero Villavicencio: Secretario FUNDACIÓN CULTURAL DEL BANCO CENTRAL DE BOLIVIA Homero Carvalho Oliva: Presidente Iris Villegas Borjes: Vicepresidente Cergio Prudencio Bilbao: Consejero Orlando Pozo Tapia: Consejero Óscar Vega Camacho: Consejero Ignacio Mendoza Pizarro: Consejero Derecho editorial: © Musef Editores La Paz: Calle Ingavi 916, teléfonos: (591-2) 2408640, Fax: (591-2) 2406642, Casilla Postal 5817, www.musef.org.bo, [email protected] • Sucre: Calle España 74, teléfono y fax: (591-4) 6455293 © Varinia Oros Rodríguez Directora del MUSEF: Elvira Espejo Ayca Curadora: Varinia Oros Rodríguez Colaboración: Juan Villanueva, Jose Alfredo Campos, Primitivo Alanoca, Tatiana Suarez y Caitlin Cowlen. Autora: Varinia Oros Rodríguez Fotos: Colección Retablos del MUSEF con las excepciones anotadas. Fotógrafo: Fernando Miranda, con las excepciones anotadas. Diseño gráfico y diagramación: Eugenio Chávez Huanca Corrección de estilo: Eva Carvajal. Impresión: Artes Gráficas Sagitario Srl. Depósito legal: 4-1-358-15 P.O. ISBN: 978-99974-853-4-2 SENAPI: 1-1475/2015 Esta obra está protegida bajo la Ley 1322 de Derechos de Autor y está prohibida su reproducción bajo cualquier medio, sea digital, analógico, magnético u óptico, de cualquiera de sus páginas sin permiso del titular de los derechos. El contenido del presente texto es responsabilidad de la autora. Primera Edición: noviembre de 2015 Impreso en Bolivia – Printed in Bolivia 1565 Yauyos Esa piedra soy yo El funcionario del rey aguarda a la bruja, diestra en maldades, que ha de venir a rendir cuentas. A sus pies, yace boca abajo, el ídolo de piedra. La bruja fue sorprendida cuando estaba velando esta huaca a escondidas, y pronto pagará su herejía. Pero antes del castigo, el funcionario quiere escuchar de su boca la confesión de sus charlas con el demonio. Mientras espera que la traigan, se entretiene pisoteando la huaca y meditando sobre el destino de estos indios, que da pesar a Dios haberles hecho. Los soldados arrojan a la bruja y la dejan temblando en el umbral. Entonces la huaca de piedra, fea y vieja, saluda en lengua quechua a la bruja fea y vieja: – Bienvenida seas, princesa– dice la voz, ronca, desde las suelas del funcionario. El funcionario queda bizco y cae, despatarrado, al piso. Mientras lo abanica con un sombrero, la vieja se prende a la casaca del desvanecido y clama: “¡No me castigues, señor, no la rompas!” La vieja quisiera explicarle que en esa piedra viven las divinidades y que si no fuera por la huaca, ella no sabría cómo se llama, ni quién es, ni de dónde viene, y andaría por el mundo desnuda y perdida. Eduardo Galeano Memorias de fuego. Tomo I. Los nacimientos. 7 Contenido Abreviaturas generales en el catálogo ______________________________________________ 9 Agradecimientos _____________________________________________________________ 10 Prólogo ____________________________________________________________________ 11 Introducción ________________________________________________________________ 13 El período Arqueológico ______________________________________________________ 13 El Formativo (ap. 1500 a.C. – 500 d.C.) ___________________________________________ 13 El Horizonte Medio (ap. 500 – 1100 d.C.) _________________________________________ 16 El Intermedio Tardío (ap. 1100 – 1450 d.C.) ________________________________________ 17 El Horizonte Tardío (ap. 1450 – 1530 d. C.) ________________________________________ 19 El período Histórico Colonial __________________________________________________ 20 Las nuevas imágenes y el taki unquy (s. XVI) ________________________________________ 20 La extirpación de las idolatrías y el Barroco (s. XVII) __________________________________ 22 Las reformas borbónicas (s. XVIII) ________________________________________________ 24 Período Contemporáneo ______________________________________________________ 25 Retablos ____________________________________________________________________ 26 Piedras santos ________________________________________________________________ 29 Cruces _____________________________________________________________________ 32 Conclusiones ________________________________________________________________ 34 RETABLOS ________________________________________________________________________ 35 PIEDRAS SANTOS ________________________________________________________________ 155 CRUCES _________________________________________________________________________ 195 Calendario festivo religioso ___________________________________________________ 217 Virgen Candelaria ___________________________________________________________ 217 Virgen de Copacabana ________________________________________________________ 218 San José ___________________________________________________________________ 219 Fiesta de la Cruz _____________________________________________________________ 219 Virgen de Fátima ____________________________________________________________ 220 San Antonio de Padua ________________________________________________________ 220 Santísima Trinidad ___________________________________________________________ 221 San Juan Bautista ____________________________________________________________ 221 San Pedro y san Pablo _________________________________________________________ 222 8 Virgen del Carmen ___________________________________________________________ 222 Santiago o Tata Santiago _______________________________________________________ 222 San Roque _________________________________________________________________ 223 San Francisco _______________________________________________________________ 224 San Agustín ________________________________________________________________ 224 Santa Rosa de Lima __________________________________________________________ 224 Virgen de Guadalupe _________________________________________________________ 224 Virgen de los Remedios _______________________________________________________ 225 San Nicolás ________________________________________________________________ 225 La Dolorosa ________________________________________________________________ 225 Virgen del Rosario ___________________________________________________________ 226 San Lucas __________________________________________________________________ 226 Santa Gertrudis _____________________________________________________________ 226 Santa Lucía _________________________________________________________________ 226 Niño Jesús _________________________________________________________________ 227 San Esteban ________________________________________________________________ 227 San Juan Evangelista __________________________________________________________ 228 San Silvestre ________________________________________________________________ 228 Conservación y restauración de retablos, piedras santos y cruces ______________________ 229 Colección de imaginería: retablos, piedras santos y cruces______________________________ 229 Estado de conservación de las piezas ______________________________________________ 230 Proceso de conservación y restauración ____________________________________________ 230 Glosario ___________________________________________________________________ 237 Bibliografía ________________________________________________________________ 241 9 Abreviaturas generales en el catálogo a. C. Antes de Cristo Al. Alto An. Ancho Ap. Antes del presente Aim. Aimara d. C. Después de Cristo Esp. Español Fr. Francés Ing. Inglés Lat. Latín Prof. Profundidad Que. Quechua s. Siglo Agradecimientos El presente catálogo fue logrado gracias al apoyo de personas comprometidas con el trabajo del MUSEF, a la cabeza de su directora, Elvira Espejo, a quien agradezco por la confianza depositada en la realización de esta investigación. Asimismo deseo corresponder las charlas e ideas que aportaron amigos como Nico Tassi, antropólogo, Pablo Quisbert, historiador y Henry Stobart, etnomusicólogo. Agradezco muy especialmente a Juan Villanueva, jefe de la unidad de Investigación, quien realizó las primeras lecturas del escrito y aportó con muchas ideas y a Freddy Taboada, jefe de la unidad de Museología, por sus lecturas y sugerencias. Asimismo deseo agradecer la labor de los compañeros del Laboratorio de conservación y restauración: Jose Alfredo Campos, Primitivo Alanoca y Tatiana Suarez, voluntaria, ellos se encargaron del trabajo de limpieza y en muchos casos de la restauración de los objetos. Deseo reconocer también la colaboración de la voluntaria, Caitlin Cowlen, socióloga de la University New Orleans, quien trabajó
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lost Ancient Technology of Peru and Bolivia
    Lost Ancient Technology Of Peru And Bolivia Copyright Brien Foerster 2012 All photos in this book as well as text other than that of the author are assumed to be copyright free; obtained from internet free file sharing sites. Dedication To those that came before us and left a legacy in stone that we are trying to comprehend. Although many archaeologists don’t like people outside of their field “digging into the past” so to speak when conventional explanations don’t satisfy, I feel it is essential. If the engineering feats of the Ancient Ones cannot or indeed are not answered satisfactorily, if the age of these stone works don’t include consultation from geologists, and if the oral traditions of those that are supposedly descendants of the master builders are not taken into account, then the full story is not present. One of the best examples of this regards the great Sphinx of Egypt, dated by most Egyptologists at about 4500 years. It took the insight and questioning mind of John Anthony West, veteran student of the history of that great land to invite a geologist to study the weathering patterns of the Sphinx and make an estimate of when and how such degradation took place. In stepped Dr. Robert Schoch, PhD at Boston University, who claimed, and still holds to the theory that such an effect was the result of rain, which could have only occurred prior to the time when the Pharaoh, the presumed builders, had existed. And it has taken the keen observations of an engineer, Christopher Dunn, to look at the Great Pyramid on the Giza Plateau and develop a very potent theory that it was indeed not the tomb of an egotistical Egyptian ruler, as in Khufu, but an electrical power plant that functioned on a grand scale thousands of years before Khufu (also known as Cheops) was born.
    [Show full text]
  • Tiwanaku (Titikaka Lake, Bolivia) and Alberite Dolmen (Southern Spain) Ritual “Ears” Celtic, Iberian, Aymara and Basque Languages
    61 International Journal of Modern Anthropology Int. J. Mod. Anthrop. (2013) 6: 61 - 76 Available online at: www.ata.org.tn ; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijma.v1i6.3 Original Synthetic Report Tiwanaku (Titikaka Lake, Bolivia) and Alberite Dolmen (Southern Spain) ritual “ears” Celtic, Iberian, Aymara and Basque languages Antonio Arnaiz-Villena, Javier Alonso-Rubio and Valentín Ruiz-del-Valle Antonio Arnaiz-Villena is presently Head of Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Complutense University, Madrid, Spain. He has been as Research Fellow in the Middlesex Hospital and The London Hospital, London, UK for 9 years. He has published more than 300 papers in international magazines and 8 books in Immunology, Immunogenetics and Human and Bird Population Genetics. He has directed 48 PhD theses. E-mail: [email protected]. Web page: http://chopo.pntic.mec.es/biolmol/ Population genetics and linguistics, Dpt. Immunology, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain. Abstract - There are indications of transatlantic cultural contacts in Prehistoric Times: Solutrean artifacts (about 20,000 years ago) are found in United States archeological sites and also cave wall inscriptions which may be a early alphabet and are identical all over the World are abundant in southern France and northern Spain. In the present paper, close similarities of a Tiwanaku (Titikaka Lake, Bolivia) “ritual ear” and another “ritual ears” observed in Alberite Dolmen (southern Spain, 7,000 years ago) are described. Functionality of these stone carved “ears” is related to amplifying voice and communication between shaman/priest and prayers. Thus, a religious role is put forward for these “ears”, but not excluding other functionalities.
    [Show full text]
  • Groundwater Management in the 300 Bce-1100Ce Pre-Columbian City of Tiwanaku (Bolivia)
    urren : C t R gy e o s l e o r a r d c Ortloff, Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:2 y h H Hydrology DOI: 10.4172/2157-7587.1000168 Current Research ISSN: 2157-7587 Case Report Open Access Groundwater Management in the 300 bce-1100ce Pre-Columbian City of Tiwanaku (Bolivia) Charles R Ortloff* CFD Consultants International Ltd., 18310 Southview Avenue, Los Gatos, CA 95033, USA Historical Background Tiwanaku Hydraulic Analysis The ancient (300 BCE-1100 CE) city of Tiwanaku, capital of a vast To illustrate the perimeter canal’s hydrologic functions, multiple South American empire, has been the subject of research starting from data assemblages used to construct a computational fluid dynamics early 20th century scholars and continuing to the present day [1-10]. (CFD) hydrological model (Figure 5) include results of archaeological The city, located at the southern edge of the Lake Titicaca Basin in the mapping and excavation [11-15], Google Earth imagery and aerial south-central portion of the South American Andes at an altitude of photos taken over the site of Tiwanaku. These recently discovered 3800-3900 masl incorporated an elite area bounded by an encompassing photographs reveal the site decades before urbanization and perimeter canal that supported temple complexes, palace architecture monumental reconstruction began to transform it into a tourist and a stepped-pyramid (the Akapana) designed to serve ceremonial destination and were taken at a time of year when many features held functions and provide residential structures for Tiwanaku’s rulers. water, thus providing a clear view of Tiwanaku’s hydrological features.
    [Show full text]
  • The Enigma of Tiwanaku and Puma Punku by Brien Foerster
    The Enigma Of Tiwanaku And Puma Punku: Unlocking The Mysteries Of Megalithic Wonders Copyright Brien Foerster 2013 All photos and drawings, as well as text aside from those of the author, were obtained through free, copyright free internet sources. Any exceptions were not intentional. Seemingly machined “H blocks” found in relative abundance at Puma Punku Dedication How such an out of the way cluster of ancient and heavily damaged stone structures can attract so much attention intrigues me. Tiwanaku and Puma Punku sit, almost brooding on the high altiplano of Bolivia, just half an hour from the Peruvian border and a 5 minute drive from a major highway. Yet their mere presence confounds the brightest of intellects, and is the bane of many archaeologists who try to explain the amazing and precise flat and compound stone surfaces as being the works of people wearing loincloths and having only bronze chisels and stone hammers as tools. My thanks to the great minds that shaped the blocks with such intricate detail presumably thousands of years ago, and to those who have accompanied me in the present in exploring them. The list of the latter includes the brilliant engineer Christopher Dunn, authors David Hatcher Childress and Hugh Newman, as well as geologist Dr. Robert Schoch. And to my dear Irene; who is as intrigued as I am… Chapters 1/ Introduction 2/ Tiwanaku Architecture And Art 3/ Religious/Spiritual Beliefs 4/ Archaeology Of The Area 5/ Akapana Pyramid 6/ Subterranean Temple 7/ Temple Of Kalasasaya 8/ Puma Punku 9/ Arthur Posnansky: Rebel With A Cause 10/ How Tiwanaku And Puma Punku Originally Looked 11/ The Early Inhabitants 12/ Musings Of An Early Visitor 13/ Bibliography 1/ Introduction An enigma is a thing, place or situation that makes the mind ponder, often for extended periods of time, about its origin, purpose, who or what was involved in it, and sometimes all three and more.
    [Show full text]
  • El Inca Y La Huaca.Pdf
    El Inca y la huaca La religión del poder y el poder de la religión en el mundo andino antiguo Colección Estudios Andinos 18 Dirigida por Marco Curatola Petrocchi El Inca y la huaca La religión del poder y el poder de la religión en el mundo andino antiguo Marco Curatola Petrocchi y Jan Szemi´nski Editores BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL DEL PERÚ Centro Bibliográfico Nacional 985.019 El Inca y la huaca : la religión del poder y el poder de la religión en el mundo andino an- I2 tiguo / Marco Curatola Petrocchi, Jan Szemiński, editores.-- 1a ed.-- Lima : The Hebrew University of Jerusalem : Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Fondo Editorial, 2016 (Lima : Tarea Asociación Gráfica Educativa). 395 p. : il. (algunas col.) ; 24 cm.--(Estudios andinos / dir. Marco Curatola Petrocchi ; 18) Incluye bibliografías. D.L. 2016-12278 ISBN 978-612-317-199-5 1. Incas - Religión - Ensayos, conferencias, etc. 2. Incas - Reyes y soberanos 3. Indígenas del Perú - Época Prehispánica - Religión y mitología 4. Mitología indígena - América Latina - Época Prehispánica 5. Iconografía - Perú - Época Prehispánica 6. Arquitectura religiosa - Perú - Época Prehispánica 7. Perú - Historia - Época Prehispánica - Aspectos religiosos I. Curatola Petrocchi, Marco, 1951-, editor II. Szemiński, Jan, editor III. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem IV. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú V. Serie BNP: 2016-1188 El Inca y la huaca. La religión del poder y el poder de la religión en el mundo andino antiguo Marco Curatola Petrocchi y Jan Szemiński (editores) © Marco Curatola Petrocchi y Jan Szemiński, 2016 De esta edición: © Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016 Av.
    [Show full text]
  • Instituto De Estudios Bolivianos
    UNIVERSIDAD MAYOR DE SAN ANDRÉS Estudios Bolivianos 25 INSTITUTO DE ESTUDIOS BOLIVIANOS FACULTAD DE HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN Estudios Bolivianos 25 Bodas de plata Teoría y filosofía Depósito legal: 4-3-97-07 ISSN: 2078-0362 Director del IEB: Dr. Ignacio Apaza Apaza Coordinación y edición: Lic. Blithz Y. Lozada Pereira, M.Sc. Diseño y diagramación: Lic. Fernando Diego Pomar Crespo Impresión: Editorial Convenio Andrés Bello Foto de la tapa: "Nero", litografía de Vladimir Kush, 2001 Editorial: Instituto de Estudios Bolivianos Tiraje: 250 ejemplares Dirección institucional: Av. 6 de Agosto N° 2080, 2° Piso [email protected] [email protected] La Revista Estudios Bolivianos invita a remitir sus artículos a la dirección institucional, a las personas que querrían contribuir con textos que serían publicados, siguiendo las normas de la Revista señaladas al final de cada número. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación Diciembre de 2016 Consejo editorial Dr. Ignacio Apaza Apaza Lic. Blithz Y. Lozada Pereira, M.Sc. [email protected] [email protected] Lingüística Filosofía y ciencia política Dra. María Luisa Soux Muñoz-Reyes Dra. Galia Domić Peredo [email protected] [email protected] Historia Filosofía Dra. Ximena Medinacelli Gonzáles Dra. Beatriz Rossells Montalvo [email protected] [email protected] Historia Antropología e historia Dra. Magdalena Cajías de la Vega Dr. Marcelo Villena Alvarado [email protected] [email protected] Historia Literatura Dra. María Lily Marić Palenque Dra. Ana Rebeca Prada Madrid [email protected] [email protected] Psicología Literatura Lic. Iván Oroza Henners, M.Sc. Dra. Rosario Rodríguez Márquez [email protected] [email protected] Filosofía Literatura Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Two Faces of Incan History
    THE TWO FACES OF INCAN HISTORY UNRAVELLING DUAL REPRESENTATIONS IN ORAL TRADITIONS OF PRE- HISPANIC CUZCO Isabel Yaya A Thesis submitted to the University of New South Wales in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Sydney, Australia, 2008 ORIGINALITY STATEMENT ‘I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no materials previously published or written by another person, or substantial proportions of material which have been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at UNSW or any other educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis. Any contribution made to the research by others, with whom I have worked at UNSW or elsewhere, is explicitly acknowledged in the thesis. I also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others in the project's design and conception or in style, presentation and linguistic expression is acknowledged.’ Signed …………………………………………….............. Date …………………………………………….............. i COPYRIGHT STATEMENT ‘I hereby grant the University of New South Wales or its agents the right to archive and to make available my thesis or dissertation in whole or part in the University libraries in all forms of media, now or here after known, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. I retain all proprietary rights, such as patent rights. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis or dissertation. I also authorise University Microfilms to use the 350 word abstract of my thesis in Dissertation Abstract International (this is applicable to doctoral theses only).
    [Show full text]
  • Developing a Conservation Program for the Gateway of the Sun, Tiwanaku, Bolivia
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Theses (Historic Preservation) Graduate Program in Historic Preservation January 2006 Questions of Risk and Relocation: Developing a Conservation Program for the Gateway of the Sun, Tiwanaku, Bolivia Leslie A. Friedman University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses Friedman, Leslie A., "Questions of Risk and Relocation: Developing a Conservation Program for the Gateway of the Sun, Tiwanaku, Bolivia" (2006). Theses (Historic Preservation). 7. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/7 Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Historic Preservation 2006. Advisor: Frank G. Matero This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/7 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Questions of Risk and Relocation: Developing a Conservation Program for the Gateway of the Sun, Tiwanaku, Bolivia Comments Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Historic Preservation 2006. Advisor: Frank G. Matero This thesis or dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/7 QUESTIONS OF RISK AND RELOCATION: DEVELOPING A CONSERVATION PROGRAM FOR THE GATEWAY OF THE SUN, TIWANAKU, BOLIVIA Leslie A. Friedman A THESIS In Historic Preservation Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN HISTORIC PRESERVATION 2006 ______________________________ ______________________________ Advisor Reader Frank G. Matero Clark L. Erickson Associate Professor of Architecture Associate Professor of Anthropology _______________________________ Program Chair Frank G.
    [Show full text]
  • Acerca De Una Escultura Boliviana Recuperada En Suiza About A
    VOL. 11, N° 53 DICIEMBRE 2017: PP. 7-23. ISSN 2225-3769. ACERCA DE UNA ESCULTURA BOLIVIANA RECUPERADA EN SUIZA INVESTIGACIÓN Jédu Sagárnaga* RESUMEN Esta es la historia de una pequeña escultura lítica que fue creada por las manos de artífices pukará de la cuenca norte del lago Titikaka, hacia principios de la era cristiana. Sin duda se consagró como un sacro ícono de esa formación social y permaneció en sus espacios rituales, hasta que la cultura sucumbió unos pocos siglos después. Pasó el tiempo y en la cuenca sur del mismo lago, surgió otra formación social, mucho más poderosa: la cultura Tiwanaku. Pronto llegó a la cuenca norte en su afán de expansión. Entre los restos materiales de la cultura Pukará, encontró a sus dioses, que de inmediato fueron incorporados al panteón Tiwanaku. En un alarde de tecnología, transportaron hasta su ciudad principal, un nutrido grupo de esculturas de diferente peso y tamaño. Entre ellas se encontraba, con seguridad, la pieza motivo de esta entr ega. Siglos después fue encontrada por campesinos aymaras que le atribuyeron nuevos poderes mágicos. En 1858 acertó a pasar por Tiwanaku un explorador suizo de apellido von Tschudi quien, de mala manera, se hizo de la pieza y se la llevó consigo. Permaneció en el Museo de Berna hasta 2014 en que se recuperó para el pueblo boliviano. Palabras claves: <Cultura Pukará> <Cultura Tiwanaku> <Lago Titikaka> <Re-significación escultórica> ABOUT A BOLIVIAN SCULPTURE RECOVERED IN SWITZERLAND SUMMARY This is the story of a small lithic sculpture that was created by artists of the Pukará culture, from the northern basin of Lake Titikaka, towards the beginning of the Christian era.
    [Show full text]
  • Plaza Triangular Vista Nocturna De La Paz
    01 Plaza Triangular Vista nocturna de La Paz 02 êndice INTRODUCCIÓN 5 HISTORIA Y CULTURA 16 DATOS GENERALES 7 TIWANAKU 16 DATOS GEOGRÁFICOS 7 SOLSTICIO DE INVIERNO EN TIWANAKU 17 ENTORNO DE LA PAZ 8 CAMPOS AGROARQUEOLÓGICOS (SUKAKOLLOS) 17 PARQUE DE MALLASA 8 CALAMARCA 17 VALLE DE LA LUNA 8 CIUDAD DE PIEDRA 17 VALLE DE LAS ÁNIMAS 8 TERMAS DE URMIRI 17 MUELA DEL DIABLO 9 TRÓPICO Y AMAZONÍA 18 CAÑÓN DE PALCA 9 YUNGAS 18 DISTRITO DE ZONGO 9 COROICO 18 DISTRITO DE HAMPATURI 10 CHULUMANI 19 LAGO SAGRADO 11 PARQUE NACIONAL MADIDI 20 LAGO TITICACA 11 CHALALÁN 21 HUATAJATA – SURIQUI 11 SAN MIGUEL DEL BALA 21 ISLA DE KALAUTA 12 IXIAMAS 22 ISLA DE PARITI 13 CAMINOS PRECOLOMBINOS 23 COPACABANA 13 TAKESI 23 CESTERÍA 14 PNANMI COTAPATA - ELCHORO (CHUKURA) 24 HORCA DEL INCA 14 YUNGA CRUZ 24 BAÑO DEL INCA 14 CAMINO DEL ORO 25 SAMPAYA 14 ABRA DE LA CUMBRE 25 ISLA DEL SOL 15 CORDILLERA REAL DE LOS ANDES 26 ISLA DE LA LUNA 15 CHACALTAYA 26 03 GRUPO CONDORIRI 27 ARTESANÍA 42 HUAYNA POTOSÍ 27 CALLE DE LAS BRUJAS 42 ILLAMPU 28 SAGÁRNAGA 42 ILLIMANI 28 LA PAZ DE NOCHE 42 CORDILLERA DE APOLOBAMBA 28 PEÑAS FOLKLÓRICAS 42 SORATA 29 DIRECTORIO DE LÍNEAS AÉREAS 43 CUEVA DE SAN PEDRO 29 POLICÍA TURÍSTICA 43 SITIOS DE INTERES TURÍSTICO 30 PASEO PANORÁMICO 43 MUSEOS 30 TRANSPORTE FERROVIARIO 43 TEATROS 36 CONEXIONES TERRESTRES 44 MIRADORES 36 SALIDAS INTERPROVINCIALES / CEMENTERIO 44 IGLESIAS 38 SALIDAS INTERPROVINCIALES / VILLA FÁTIMA 44 FESTIVIDADES 39 CÁMARA DEPARTAMENTAL DE HOTELERÍA “LA PAZ” 45 GASTRONOMÍA 41 OPERADORES DE TURISMO 48 DESCRIPCIÓN BREVE DE COMIDAS
    [Show full text]
  • Deborah Eileen Blom
    DEBORAH EILEEN BLOM Office University of Vermont Department of Anthropology Williams Hall 508 Burlington, VT 05405-0168 Phone: (802) 656-2932 Fax: (802) 656-4406 E-mail: [email protected] EDUCATION Ph.D. 1999 Anthropology, University of Chicago M.A. 1992 Anthropology, University of Chicago B.S. 1990 Anthropology, Magna cum Laude, University of Houston Positions Held Associate Professor, University of Vermont, Department of Anthropology, 2004 – present. Research Associate, The Field Museum, Department of Anthropology, 2004 – present. Assistant Professor, University of Vermont, Department of Anthropology, 2001 – 2004. Assistant Professor, Vanderbilt University, Department of Anthropology, 2000 – 2001. Assistant Professor, University of Vermont, Department of Anthropology, 1998 – 2000. TEACHING Courses Taught Introduction to Prehistoric Archaeology Archaeological Theory Laboratory Methods in Biological Anthropology Introduction to Physical Anthropology Origins and Evolution of Human Culture Peoples of South America Arqueología Funeraria y Bioarqueología (Funerary Archaeology and Bioarchaeology) Advanced Human Evolution Nonhuman Primate Social Behavior/Primatology Life, Death, and the Human Body Who Owns the Past?: Module for Community and Sense of Place: Reading the Human and Natural Landscape (pilot course for Honors College) Andean Bioarchaeology: Research and Analysis Human Osteology/Archaeology and the Human Skeleton Anthropology of Lifecycles and the Body: Perspectives from Biological and Cultural Anthropology RESEARCH Primary Research Interests New World Complex Societies Andean Prehistory and State Formation Core-Periphery Interactions Bioarchaeology/Human Osteology Mortuary Practices Nutrition and Disease Stress Body Adornment/Theory Social Organization Kinship/Ethnicity/Identity Prehistoric Colonization and Migration Childhood Research Experience Project Co-Director, Proyecto Jach’a Marka, Tiwanaku, Bolivia . A bi-national study designed to address residential and mortuary patterns at the site of Tiwanaku.
    [Show full text]
  • Tiwanaku (Bolivia) in Terms of the Categories of Cultural Property Set out in the 1972 World Heritage Convention, This Is a Site
    Category of property Tiwanaku (Bolivia) In terms of the categories of cultural property set out in the 1972 World Heritage Convention, this is a site. No 567rev History and Description History Tiwanaku began as a small settlement, in what as known as its “village period,” around 1200 BCE. It was self-sufficient, with a non-irrigated form of farming based on frost-resistant crops, essential at this high altitude, producing tubers such as Identification potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), oca (Oxalis tuberosa) and cereals, notably quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa). In more Nomination Tiwanaku: spiritual and political centre sheltered locations near Lake Titicaca, maize and peaches of the Tiwanaku Culture were also cultivated. The inhabitants lived in rectangular adobe houses that were linked by paved streets. Location Province of Ingavi, Department of During the 1st century CE Tiwanaku expanded rapidly into a La Paz small town. This may be attributable to the introduction of copper metallurgy and the consequent availability of superior State Party Republic of Bolivia tools and implements. These facilitated the creation of irrigation systems, which resulted in agricultural surpluses, Date 6 April 1991 which in turn encouraged the growth of an hierarchical social structure and the rise of specialist craftsmen. The wealthy upper class, who also controlled the profitable trade in wool from the vast herds of domesticated alpaca in the region, provided the finance for the creation of large Justification by State Party public buildings in stone, designed by architects on a Tiwanaku was until the 8th century CE the capital of a vast monumental scale and lavishly decorated by the skilled empire covering some 600,000km2.
    [Show full text]