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Maritime Interactions in Eastern Asia Before Steamships

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Maritime Interactions in Eastern Asia Before Steamships INDEX A Bencao Gungmu, book, 120 Abbasid caliphate, 91 Bengali-Japanese trade, 271 Abraham, Meera, 91 bilateral kinship, 22 Abu-Lughod, Janet, 76, 102 “black powder”, 131 Account of the Guns (Teppoki), 67 bondsmen, 21 “Age of Commerce”, 4–6, 10, 25–26, Bo Ni Kingdom, 54 32–35, 76–77, 90, 94, 101 Braudel, Fernand, 186 “Age of Gunpowder”, 123–24, 180 British East India Company, 148, “Age of Production”, 34–36 165–66 agrarian society, 20–21 “British Gunpowder Empire”, 131 “agricultural revolution”, 35 Brown, Roxanne, 7 agriculture-first ideology, 4 Buchanan, Brenda, 131, 168 Ainu culture, 118, 124, 128 Buch, W.J.M., 241 Ainus, land of, 27, 30, 36, 46–47, Buddhism, 43 51–52 kenmitsu, 21, 43 Akihira, Fujiwara, 122 sects, 31 Andō family, rule of, 117–18 “bullionist” policy, 77 Anglo-Chinese Treaty, 213 Burma, and saltpetre Annan zhilue, 133 comparison with Siamese saltpetre, “Arab Mediterranean”, 86 161–66 aristocratic system, 19 Burmese-Siamese war, 163 Asian “rimlands”, 2 Buzurg ibn Shahriyar, 86 “Asiatic Mode of Production”, 21 Atsushi, Kobata, 262 C Caifu Bazhi Manrong, 56 B Camphuijs, Johannes, 248 Baker, Chris, 97 capitalism, 12 bakufu, public stand of the, 239–41 Caron, François, 240 “barbarians”, 142 “century of warfare”, 139 Barbosa, Duarte, 137 ceramic trade, 5, 7–8, 28, 32, 47, 81 Belitung wreck, 93 Champa kingdom, 64 12 Offshore Asia.indd 333 9/3/13 1:15:01 PM 334 Index Champakalakshmi, R., 91–92 Chinese merchant-pirates Champa rice, 84 Kyushu-based, 60–62 Chang Pin-tsun, 85 South China–based, 62–63 “charter era”, 101 Southeast Asian-based, 58–60 “charter states”, 6, 18 Chinese saltpetre Chaunduri, K.N., 169 Korea, and, 132–33, 149–51 Chen Zhi, 135 Southeast Asia, and, 133–38 Chen Ziyu, 134 Chinese silk, trading silver for, Chen Zuyi, 58 261–63 China Chinese spies, 147, 177 Chinese residents in Japan, 237– Chinese saltpetre, and Japanese 39 warfare, 141–49 family ranking, names in, 72 Chinese trade, effect of direct trade financial policies in, 77–78 system on, 267–69 foreign trade policies in, 79–83 “Chinese world order”, 2, 266 Islamic trade in southern, 86–90 Choson Korea “maritime China”, 5 foreign policy 260 maritime history, 57 Japan, relations with, 188–98 modern era, and, 26 King of Choson, 186, 189, 198–99, silver shortage, 52, 78 206 socio-economic changes in tribute sytem, 186, 206 southern, 83–86 weight measures in, 207 southern Fujian, development in, see also Korea 84–86 Chouhai tubian, 142, 144 China shipwreck survivor repatriation Chou Junqing, 144 handling and routes Christie, Jan, 95, 97, 100–01 Japan, with, 216–19 Chūzan Kingdom, 116 Korea, with, 219 Chūzaemon, Ushigome, 242, 249, Luzon, with, 221–22 257 other countries, with, 222 cinnabar trade, 196–98 Ryuku, with, 219–20 Cirebon wreck, 93 Vietnam, with, 220–21 clan system, 22 “Chinese Century”, 52 Clark, Hugh, 84 Chinese Empire, 25, 45 “closed country” (sakoku) policy, Chinese maritime merchants, 53–58, 10–11, 26, 33–34, 213, 216, 218, 70 236, 246, 259 militarization of, 140 Chinese residents in Japan, and, Chinese Maritime Trade Office, 98 237–39 Chinese merchants Coedes, George, 102 trade networks of, 230–32 Coen, Jan Pieterszoon, 168 see also maritime merchants; Cōla dynasty, 90–93, 101 merchant-pirates; merchants commerce trade, 21 12 Offshore Asia.indd 334 9/3/13 1:15:01 PM Index 335 Complete Record of the History of Dutch trade, effect of direct trade Dai Viet, 158 system on, 267–69 Confucian tradition, 2 contrabands, 140–41, 145, 246 E copper coins, 77–78, 80, 83, 101, Early Modern Era, 22 143, 158 East Eurasia, 16–17, 20, 24, 27, 32, Couckebacker, Nicolaes, 238 34, 39, 42 council elders (machidoshiyori), 249 earthquake, 6 council minutes (“Jin no Elvin, Mark, 83 sadamebumi”), 121 “empire of saltpetre”, 167 Cox, Hiram, 165 English East India Company, see Crawfurd, John, 165 British East India Company Cultivation System, 36 “envoy route”, 218 currencies, re-coinages of, 269–72 Eurasia “exposed zone”, of, 3, 17 D “protected zone” of, 3, 17 da Cruz, Friar Gaspar, 66 European impact, on saltpetre trade, “Da Gama epoch”, 169 139–41 Dai Viet, 27–28, 95, 100 “Ezo Rebellions”, 118 currency of, 101 political cycle, 46 F Chinese saltpetre, and, 135–37, family names, in China, 72 156 Fatimid caliphate, 87, 102 see also Vietnam Flecker, Michael, 94 Da Ming lü (law code of the Great Forbes, Andrew, 89 Ming), 135 Feng Zhang, 143 Daqing Huidian, 214–15 “feudal” economy, 38 “defensive villages”, 116–17 “feudalization”, 21 de La Loubere, Simon, 161 feudal system, 31, 49 Deng Liao, 141 “financial revolution”, 84 de Zamudio, Juan, 152 Five Dynasties, 77, 113 Dijk, Wil O., 164, 166 wreck, 93 direct trade system, 267–69 free trade, 3, 269 Dittus, Andrea, 68 Frey, James, 131, 166, 169 “dwarf bandits”, 8 frontier areas, development of, 35–36 Dutch, and military supplies, 140 Fujiwara Family, age of, 117 Dutch East India Company (VOC), Fu Xuan, 55 11, 32, 69, 148, 153, 166–69, 239, 241, 244, 260, 262–63, G 265–67, 272–73 Gakusho, Nakajima, 144 gold and copper exports, 264, Gao Cai, 140, 148–49 269–71, 274 Geertz, Clifford, 35 12 Offshore Asia.indd 335 9/3/13 1:15:01 PM 336 Index “General Crisis of the 17th Century”, Hong Maozai, 56 32 Hong Taiji, 30 General Missive, 269 Hong Wanlai, 54 Geng Jinzhong, 166–67 Horden, Peregrine, 186 Gengxin yuce, book, 120 Hourani, George, 87 Goitein, S.D., 88 Huang Shen, 54 gold coins, 99, 269, 271 Hubu Zeli, 215 Goryeo, state of, 20, 23 hybridized networks, 4 globalization, 44, 99 “Great Divergence, the”, 33, 39 I “Greater India” school, 1 Ibn Battuta, 90 Greater India Society, 13 Ichizaemon, Yamaguchi, 248 “Great Tang merchants”, 113 Ietsuna, Tokugawa, 250 Gun Festival, 67 Ieyasu clan, 149 gunpowder, 119–22, 129, 132 Ieyasu, Tokugawa, 263 formula for, 130–31, 136, 138 illegal trade, 145–46, 149 see also saltpetre Imjin War, 132, 146, 148–50 “gunpowder empire”, 136 “Indian colonies”, 13 gunpowder technology, 130–31, 133, “Indianized states”, 18 138–39, 145 Indian saltpetre, 131, 139 eastern flow of, 166–67 H Industrial Revolution, 12 Haedong chegukki, report, 191–92, “industrious revolution”, 12, 35 194–95 inheritance system, 34 Hahirouemon, Okada, 247 Intan wreck, 94 haijin bans, 8 Ishaq ibn Yahuda, 86 see also maritime prohibition Islamic trade, in southern China, haijin system, 9, 27, 33, 260 86–90 Hall, K.R., 18 Itchien, the one-eyed Chinese, Hartsinck, Carel, 239 241–45, 250 Heeck, Gijsbert, 161 itowappu system, 267, 270 He Gaocai, 242 Iuemon, Murata, 248 “hermit kingdom”, 5 Hichirobei, Shibata, 247 J Hideyoshi, Toyotomi, 9, 26, 30, 37, Japan 49, 146, 149, 161, 222 Chinese residents in, and, 237–39 “Hindu colonies”, 13 global silver flow, and, 261–63, historiographies, criticisms of, 18–20 266 Hōjō family, rule of, 117 Indian connection, 263, 265 “Hokkien”, origin, 53 “King of Japan”, 189, 199–201 Hong Dizhen, 62–63 late medieval period, 26, 45 Hong Duc Era, 45 Meiji Restoration, 9, 33 12 Offshore Asia.indd 336 9/3/13 1:15:01 PM Index 337 periodization of, 18–20 Kazui, Tashiro, 262 political integration, 42 Kazuki, Sonoda, 241 relations with Choson court, Keiji, Nagahara, 21 188–98 kenmitsu Buddhism, 21, 43 religion in medieval, 24, 43 kenmons groups, 19, 23 saltpetre trade, 154–55 Khubilai Khan, 82 ye system, 36 Kibei, Odagiri, 247 Japanese archipelago, 112 Kim Pyongha, 193 northern maritime region, 116–18 King of Choson, 186, 189, 198–99, southern maritime region, 115–16 206 western maritime region, 113–15 “King of Japan”, 189, 199–201 Japanese pirates, 9, 24, 30, 124, 132 King of Koryo, 190 Japanese saltpetre, and Korea, King of Ryukyu, 189–90, 200 149–51 “King of Tonkin”, 246 Japanese warfare Klein, P.W., 267 Chinese and Siamese saltpetre, Konan, Naito, 18 and, 141–49 Korea Japan shipwreck survivor repatriation Choson Period, 26–29, 47 handling and routes Chinese saltpetre, and, 132–33, China, with, 216–19 149–51 Korea, with, 222–23 invasion of, 132 Ryuku, with, 223 Japanese saltpetre, and, 149–51 Southeast Asia, with, 223–29 tribute system, 198–204 Japan-Song trade, 113–14 see also Choson Korea Japanese sulphur, and, 119–22 Korean Kingdom, 54–55 Japan-Yuan war and trade, 114–15 Korean War, 149 Java Sea wreck, 94 Korea shipwreck survivor Jiajing, Emperor, 141 repatriation handling and routes Jiaqing, Emperor, 215 China, with, 216–219 “Jin no sadamebumi” (political Japan, with, 222–23 council minutes), 121 Ryuku, with, 229 Jin Xuezeng, 148 Southeast Asia, with, 229–30 Jodo Shinsu, 31, 49 Kuhn, Philip, 57 Kumar, Ann, 3 K Kyoto School, 18 Kaladi inscription, 97 Kyoto University, 18 “Kamakura New Buddhism”, 43 Kamakura Shogunate, 19, 22, 42, L 117–18 land reclamations, 31 Kangxi, Emperor, 214 Lê Dynasty, 27–28 Kaoru, Sugihara, 12 Le Duy Mat, 158–59 Katsumi, Mori, 114–15 Le Thanh-tong, King, 137 12 Offshore Asia.indd 337 9/3/13 1:15:01 PM 338 Index Lévi, Sylvain, 13 Quanzhou, in, 84–85, 89 Liao Kingdom, 55, 78, 169 violence in, 139 Li Dan, 68–69 market economy, 12 Lieberman, Victor, 3, 6, 10, 18, 21, Masaaki, Sugiyama, 115 23, 25, 27–28, 30, 37, 39, 41, 101 Masakatsu, Okouchi, 240 Li Gong-yun, 86 Masako, Hojo, 22 Li Jin, 68–69 Masayuki, Taira, 43 Lin Jian, 68 Matabei, Toda, 247 Lin Xiyuan, 65 “medieval economic revolution”, 77 Li Shizen, 120 “Medieval Warm Period”, 42 Li Tana, 95 Meiji Restoration, 9, 33 “Little Ice Age”, 44 Melaka, 27 Li Wanqi, 142–43 Dutch control of, 266, 267 “long 16th century”, 27, 32 Portuguese occupation of, 29 “long 18th century”, 12, 52 saltpetre, and, 137 Luzon shipwreck survivor merchant-pirates, Chinese repatriation handling and routes Kyushu-based, 60–62 China, with, 221–22 South China–based,
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