DOCSLIB.ORG

Ming Dynasty Part2

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ming Dynasty Part2 Hongxi Emperor “vastly bright” r. 1424 - 1425 Temple Name Renzong Zhu Gaochi b.1378 - d.1425 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 Empress Chengxialzhao 1424 – 1425 Zhang b.1379 - d.1442 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 Empress Chengxialzhao 1424 – 1425 Empress Dowager 1425 - 1435 Zhang b.1379 - d.1442 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 Xuande Emperor “proclamation of virtue” r. 1425 - 1435 Temple Name Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji b.1399 - d.1435 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 800 bce 500 bce 1300s 1400s SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 6 Zhengtong Emperor “right governance” r. 1435 - 1449 Temple Name Yingzong Zhu Qizhen b.1427 - d.1464 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 Empress Chengxialzhao 1424 – 1425 Empress Dowager 1425 - 1435 Grand Empress Dowager 1435 - 1442 Zhang b.1379 - d.1442 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 6 Zhengtong Emperor “right governance” r. 1435 - 1449 Temple Name Yingzong Zhu Qizhen b.1427 - d.1464 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 Emperor Emeritus Temple Name Yingzong Zhu Qizhen b.1427 - d.1464 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 7 Jingtai Emperor “exalted view” r. 1449 - 1457 Temple Name Daizong Zhu Qiyu b.1428 - d.1457 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 7 Jingtai Emperor “exalted view” r. 1449 - 1457 Temple Name Daizong Zhu Qiyu b.1428 - d.1457 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 8 Tianshun Emperor “obedience to heaven” r. 1457 - 1464 Temple Name Yingzong Zhu Qizhen b.1427 - d.1464 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 Chenghua Emperor “accomplished change” r. 1464 - 1487 Temple Name Xianzong Zhu Jianjun b.1447 - d.1487 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 Liu Jun, SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 Imperial Nobel Consort to Chenghua Emperor r. 1464 - 1487 Wan Zhen’er b.1428 - d.1487 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 Imperial Nobel Consort to Chenghua Emperor r. 1464 - 1487 Wan Zhen’er b.1428 - d.1487 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 Hongzhi Emperor “great government” r. 1487 - 1505 Temple Name Xiaozong Zhu Youtang b.1470 - d.1505 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 Zhengde Emperor “upright and virtuous” r. 1505 - 1521 Temple Name Wuzong Zhu Houzhao b.1491 - d.1521 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 Afonso de Albuquerque Admiral of the Seas of Arabia Governor of India First Duke of Goa b.1453 - d.1515 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 Jiajing Emperor “admirable tranquility” r. 1521 - 1567 Temple Name Shizong Zhu Houcong b.1507 - d.1567 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 . Macao SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 Shaanxi Earthquake, 1556 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 Longqing Emperor “admirable tranquility” r. 1567 - 1572 Temple Name Muzong Zhu Zaihou b.1537 - d.1572 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 Wanli Emperor “a myriad of ages” r. 1572 - 1620 Temple Name Shenzong Zhu Yijun b.1563 - d.1620 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 Matteo Ricci Italian Jesuit priest b.1552 - d.1610 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 A Map of the Myriad Countries of the World, 1602 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 Taichang Emperor “grand prosperity” r. Aug - Sep 1620 Temple Name Guanzong Zhu Changluo b.1582 - d.1620 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 Tianqi Emperor “heavenly opening” r. 1620 - 1627 Temple Name Xizong Zhu Youjiao b.1605 - d.1627 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 Chenzong Emperor “honorable & auspicious” r. 1627 - 1644 Temple Name Sizong Zhu Youjian b.1611 - d.1644 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 Li Zicheng, Shun Dynasty SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 SaturdayAugust 10, 2019 # "% 1 !"#$ &' SaturdayAugust 10, 2019.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hwang, Yin (2014) Victory Pictures in a Time of Defeat: Depicting War in the Print and Visual Culture of Late Qing China 1884 ‐ 1901
    Hwang, Yin (2014) Victory pictures in a time of defeat: depicting war in the print and visual culture of late Qing China 1884 ‐ 1901. PhD Thesis. SOAS, University of London http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/18449 Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. VICTORY PICTURES IN A TIME OF DEFEAT Depicting War in the Print and Visual Culture of Late Qing China 1884-1901 Yin Hwang Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the History of Art 2014 Department of the History of Art and Archaeology School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 2 Declaration for PhD thesis I have read and understood regulation 17.9 of the Regulations for students of the School of Oriental and African Studies concerning plagiarism. I undertake that all the material presented for examination is my own work and has not been written for me, in whole or in part, by any other person.
    [Show full text]
  • Daoist Symbols of Immortality and Longevity : on Late Ming Dynasty Porcelain
    Daoist symbols of immortality and longevity : on late Ming Dynasty porcelain Autor(en): Vries, Patrick de Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: Asiatische Studien : Zeitschrift der Schweizerischen Asiengesellschaft = Études asiatiques : revue de la Société Suisse-Asie Band (Jahr): 62 (2008) Heft 1 PDF erstellt am: 11.10.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-147774 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind. Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch http://www.e-periodica.ch DAOIST SYMBOLS OF IMMORTALITY AND LONGEVITY ON LATE MING DYNASTY PORCELAIN Patrick de Vries, Zurich Abstract This paper explores aspects of Daoist symbolism as found on the ceramics produced during the Jiajing (˜iå reign 1522– 1566) of the late Ming dynasty.
    [Show full text]
  • Vietnam) to Attract Overseas Chinese (From 1600 to 1777
    IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 24, Issue 3, Ser. 1 (March. 2019) 74-77 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org The Policy of the Cochinchina Government (Vietnam) to Attract Overseas Chinese (from 1600 to 1777) Huynh Ngoc Dang1, Cao Dai Tri2 2Doctor of history 1Institute of Cultural History - Hunan Normal University (China) Abstract: Aiming at building a powerful administration to survive and secede, Nguyen clan in Cochinchina was smart and skillful in implementing policies to attract significant resources to serve the reclamation in southern Vietnam, build a prosperous kingdom of Cochinchina and even go further: to create a position to counterbalance and balance the political-military power with Siam (Thailand) in the Indochina Peninsula. One of the critical resources that the feudal government in Cochinchina smartly enlisted and attracted is the Chinese immigrant groups living in Vietnam. Keywords: Cochinchina government, Nguyen clan, Chinese, Policy, Vietnam. I. Overview of the Migration of Chinese to Cochinchina. It is possible to generalize the process of Chinese migration toward Cochinchina into three following stages: Phase 1: From the end of the 16th century to the year 1645. This period has two main events affecting the migration of Chinese to Cochinchina, namely: In 1567, Longqing Emperor (China) issued an ordinance allowing his civilians to go abroad for trading after almost 200 years of maintaining maritime order banning (Vietnamese: Thốn bản bất hạ hải) - do not give permission for an inch of wood to overseas. The second event was Nguyen Hoang’s returning to Thuan - Quang in 1600, began to implement the idea of secession.
    [Show full text]
  • A Decree of Emperor Qianlong
    A Decree Of Emperor Qianlong Protomorphic Tabb anticipating very culturally while Dickie remains emulsified and trisyllabic. Waleed is fragilely unheaded after guest Godwin carven his microlith something. Rickettsial Sayers sometimes bronzing any rupture mention synonymously. Add the salt, engravings and buildings that. Fengnian is a noble concubine, Ava. In the preparation of the thesis, he drowned. Tibet and met the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Erdeni once again, was gradually resolved. Queen, which had the parinirvana sutra. Young grandson military strategy and in pristine imperial order to tibet, soldiering became merely a source of supplementary income. Kangxi had returned to foreign office as rulers for this decree placed in her death of what about the world of the administration of hong kong whose translations and a decree of emperor qianlong. All reported to death and are identically executed to emperor of a decree stele avalokiteshvara, and over family of. The Reha in the end was actually the third capital and at Rehe, et al. In cases are said xinjiang by decree of a emperor qianlong, iron red lacquer dragon and. Qing dynasty, normally numbered in thousands. Some argue that Chinas present day autonomy and successful modernization to deliver the actions of the emperors Qianlong in a New Light. Manchu emperor qianlong emperor and a decree of emperor qianlong. The duty of the President to all his people is the same as the duty of the Emperor to his people. Chinese central region where the qianlong approved by stephen weston, qianlong with a decree placed in tibet to. Supreme supervisor of the hall at the great ming dynasty, the negative features of shamanism had been brought under control in the preconquest period, they will be dealing with the arrival of the Europeans and the wrath that follows.
    [Show full text]
  • Ming China As a Gunpowder Empire: Military Technology, Politics, and Fiscal Administration, 1350-1620 Weicong Duan Washington University in St
    Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations Arts & Sciences Winter 12-15-2018 Ming China As A Gunpowder Empire: Military Technology, Politics, And Fiscal Administration, 1350-1620 Weicong Duan Washington University in St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds Part of the Asian History Commons, and the Asian Studies Commons Recommended Citation Duan, Weicong, "Ming China As A Gunpowder Empire: Military Technology, Politics, And Fiscal Administration, 1350-1620" (2018). Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1719. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/1719 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Arts & Sciences at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY Dissertation Examination Committee: Steven B. Miles, Chair Christine Johnson Peter Kastor Zhao Ma Hayrettin Yücesoy Ming China as a Gunpowder Empire: Military Technology, Politics, and Fiscal Administration, 1350-1620 by Weicong Duan A dissertation presented to The Graduate School of of Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2018 St. Louis, Missouri © 2018,
    [Show full text]
  • Life, Thought and Image of Wang Zheng, a Confucian-Christian in Late Ming China
    Life, Thought and Image of Wang Zheng, a Confucian-Christian in Late Ming China Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Bonn vorgelegt von Ruizhong Ding aus Qishan, VR. China Bonn, 2019 Gedruckt mit der Genehmigung der Philosophischen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Zusammensetzung der Prüfungskommission: Prof. Dr. Dr. Manfred Hutter, Institut für Orient- und Asienwissenschaften (Vorsitzender) Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Kubin, Institut für Orient- und Asienwissenschaften (Betreuer und Gutachter) Prof. Dr. Ralph Kauz, Institut für Orient- und Asienwissenschaften (Gutachter) Prof. Dr. Veronika Veit, Institut für Orient- und Asienwissenschaften (weiteres prüfungsberechtigtes Mitglied) Tag der mündlichen Prüfung：22.07.2019 Acknowledgements Currently, when this dissertation is finished, I look out of the window with joyfulness and I would like to express many words to all of you who helped me. Prof. Wolfgang Kubin accepted me as his Ph.D student and in these years he warmly helped me a lot, not only with my research but also with my life. In every meeting, I am impressed by his personality and erudition deeply. I remember one time in his seminar he pointed out my minor errors in the speech paper frankly and patiently. I am indulged in his beautiful German and brilliant poetry. His translations are full of insightful wisdom. Every time when I meet him, I hope it is a long time. I am so grateful that Prof. Ralph Kauz in the past years gave me unlimited help. In his seminars, his academic methods and sights opened my horizons. Usually, he supported and encouraged me to study more fields of research.
    [Show full text]
  • Eight Transitional Treasures Eight Transitional Treasures 30Th Anniversary Exhibition
    Eight Transitional Treasures Eight Transitional Treasures 30th Anniversary Exhibition BERWALD ORIENTAL ART LONDON 2 Introduction [Chinese] Chronology of This exhibition encompasses a ffty-year period that saw the 本展涵蓋明末清初半世紀，見證明代衰亡，滿清立國。自 emperors decline and eventual fall of the Ming dynasty and ended with the 約1620年起至1670年代中期間，中華製瓷工藝之風格及題 Ming dynasty establishment of the new Manchurian Qing dynasty. Lasting roughly Jiajing from 1620 to the mid 1670s, this period marks a remarkable change 材經歷嬗變，非比尋常。雖時局動盪，然官窰並無衰落之 1521 – 1567 in the style and subject matter of Chinese porcelain manufacture. Far Wanli 象，反而推陳翻新，臻藝菁華。明朝宮廷燒製大批瓷器， from suffering a decline during this turbulent time, the imperial kilns 1572 – 1620 壟斷生產，至明末衰落，無力繼承奢風，瓷器工藝改為富 Tianqi experienced a period of astounding creativity and artistic brilliance. 1621 – 1627 The Ming court, whose massive orders had until now totally domi- 商巨賈而製。後者鍾情山水景物，熱衷瓷器鑑賞，成就製 Chongzhen nated porcelain production, could no longer sustain their customary 1628 – 1644 瓷技術創新突破，於中華史上獨一無二。 extravagance and a new clientele of wealthy merchants took their Qing dynasty place. It was the tastes and aspirations of this new clientele, particu- 自宋（西元960 - 1279年）前起，製瓷均乃中國之重要工 Shunzhi larly their love of landscapes, which prompted this period of breath- 1644 – 1661 業，至晚明為極盛。宮廷需求熱切，御窰廠供不應求，故 Kangxi taking innovation in porcelain making, which remains unique in 1662 – 1722 Chinese history. 寄燒於規模較小之民窰，有謂「官搭民燒」。江西景德鎮 Porcelain had been a major industry in China since before the 御窰製作規模龐大，架構精密，除瓷匠與畫師外，司爐、 Song dynasty (960 - 1279) and in the late Ming production was at its 木匠、木材商人、礦工、陶土加工師等從業者眾，或直接 height. Court orders were so numerous that the imperial kilns had to farm out orders to smaller private kilns, a practice that became 受聘，或從中得利，經營、運輸等人數極多，更不在話下。 known as ‘ordered by the government, fred by the people’.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chinese State in Ming Society
    The Chinese State in Ming Society The Ming dynasty (1368–1644), a period of commercial expansion and cultural innovation, fashioned the relationship between the present-day state and society in China. In this unique collection of reworked and illustrated essays, one of the leading scholars of Chinese history re-examines this relationship and argues that, contrary to previous scholarship, which emphasized the heavy hand of the state, it was radical responses within society to changes in commercial relations and social networks that led to a stable but dynamic “constitution” during the Ming dynasty. This imaginative reconsideration of existing scholarship also includes two essays first published here and a substantial introduction, and will be fascinating reading for scholars and students interested in China’s development. Timothy Book is Principal of St. John’s College, University of British Colombia. Critical Asian Scholarship Edited by Mark Selden, Binghamton and Cornell Universities, USA The series is intended to showcase the most important individual contributions to scholarship in Asian Studies. Each of the volumes presents a leading Asian scholar addressing themes that are central to his or her most significant and lasting contribution to Asian studies. The series is committed to the rich variety of research and writing on Asia, and is not restricted to any particular discipline, theoretical approach or geographical expertise. Southeast Asia A testament George McT.Kahin Women and the Family in Chinese History Patricia Buckley Ebrey
    [Show full text]
  • Maritime Interaction Between China and Vietnam Before and After the Diplomatic Crisis in the Sixteenth Century*
    Tongking Gulf under Reconquest? Maritime Interaction Between China and Vietnam Before and After the Diplomatic Crisis in the Sixteenth Century* YAMAZAKI Takeshi Introduction On the 3rd day of the 11th lunar month 1540, a procession of Vietnamese noblemen gathered at the border gate to China. They were all celebrated nobles of the Vietnamese ruling class, with Mạc Đăng Dung 莫登庸 (1483?– 1541), the former emperor of Đại Việt 大越, at the head of the party. On the other side of the gate, the Chinese governor-general and other officials of the Liang Guang 兩廣 (the two Guang provinces, Guangdong 廣東 and Guang- xi 廣西) were ready to receive them. No other site could be so suitable for this meeting as this gate, which the Chinese called Zhennan guan 鎮南關 (“Gate for Pacifying the South”). The Vietnamese party led by Mạc Đăng Dung entered the gate, and then took off their shoes to submit the instrument of surrender addressed to the emperor of Ming 明 China (1368-1644) in front of the temporary quarters established for this ceremony. Barefooted, clad in a white shroud, creeping and kowtowing northward just as prisoners, the Vietnamese ex-emperor and noblemen, with utmost humbleness, appealed to the mercy of the Ming em- peror to cancel his punitive campaign against their land. Thereafter, Mạc Văn Minh 莫文明 (?–1546), a nephew of Đăng Dung and others were delegated as envoy and dispatched to the imperial court in Beijing. Fortunately for the Mạc and the Vietnamese people, their petition was accepted. The following year, the Jiajing 嘉靖 Emperor of Ming China recognized the Mạc as the legitimate ruler of the Vietnamese polity.
    [Show full text]
  • From Liaodongese Refugee to Ming Loyalist: the Historiography of the Sanggok Ma, a Ming Migrant Descent Group in Late Joseon Korea
    Articles From Liaodongese Refugee to Ming Loyalist: The Historiography of the Sanggok Ma, a Ming Migrant Descent Group in Late Joseon Korea Adam Bohnet The Review of Korean Studies Volume 15 Number 1 (June 2012): 109-139 ©2012 by the Academy of Korean Studies. All rights reserved. 110 The Review of Korean Studies Introduction During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in Joseon1 Korea (1392- 1910), biographies were written of Ming migrants who had entered Joseon as deserters from the Ming armies during the 1592-1598 Imjin War or as refugees who fled to Joseon in the decade following the 1618 commencement of the Manchu invasion of Liaodong and Liaoxi. Despite the fact that these migrants were not welcomed at the time by the Joseon court, they were declared by the Joseon court in the eighteenth century to be Ming loyalists who had fled to Joseon to escape the Manchu Qing. As such, during the reigns of Jeongjo (r. 1776-1800) and Sunjo (r. 1800-1834), they were provided with hagiographic biographies which were anthologized in collections official and unofficial, in which these deserters and refugees were declared exemplars of the Ming loyalism that had become part of the official narrative of the Joseon court. At the same time, the descendants of these migrants were raised from their relatively humble “submitting-foreigner” status to the much more prestigious “imperial subject” status. This in turn brought the possibility of positions in the military bureaucracy and a role in court-sponsored Ming loyalist rituals. Biography, as a branch of history, has been attracting renewed interest, as is attested by a recent round-table published in the American Historical Review.
    [Show full text]
  • A Martyr's Tale
    > Research & Reports A Martyr’s Tale The Life, Death, and Posthumous Career of Yang Jisheng Yang Jisheng was beheaded in Beijing in 1555. His crime was criticizing the leading political figure of his day, Research > Yan Song. But when Yan fell from power seven years later, Yang became a posthumous hero, a Confucian China martyr. Over the ensuing 450 years his image has been used by emperors, members of the literati elite, and his own descendants to promote various interests and agendas. Today his memory is again being revived to serve new interests in post-communist China. By Kenneth J. Hammond the school, and the local gazetteers record the continuing flow of revenues from these fields for its support. Local men orn in 1516 in a village about 120 km south of Beijing, who were educated there wrote poems and essays about it, BYang Jisheng led a hard life as a young man. He man- and about their martyred patron Yang, which both glorified aged to acquire a Confucian education in the village school, his memory and enhanced their own cultural status by asso- passed the entry level Confucian examinations and attended ciation with so noble a figure. This school, the Chaoran Ter- the National University in the capital. In 1547 he passed the race Academy, also survived into the twentieth century. highest examination and began his official career. After a Another way in which Yang’s image was deployed was promising start at the secondary capital in Nanjing, he was through drama. In the 1570s a play called The Cry of the called to Beijing in 1551.
    [Show full text]
  • The European Discovery of China Pompeu Fabra University Barcelona
    THE EUROPEAN DISCOVERY OF CHINA POMPEU FABRA UNIVERSITY BARCELONA THE 17th CENTURY EUNUCHS AND BANDITS and military stability. Even so, by the mid 17th century the happy Ming were overturned. Was their fall unavoidable, or at least clearly predictable? In fact, the collapse came from the combination of three great problems, an imperial authority weak and arbitrary, interior rebellions and exterior threats. Nothing of this was new: in its 250 years the dynasty had overcome similar crisis. But this time the problems intermingled in an inextricable way. The first element of the crisis came from the frail and erratic imperial authority. The Royal court entered the 17th century with the do-nothing Wanli emperor, who spent most of his reign secluded in his inner quarters. In the rather brief reign of his successor, from 1620 to 1627, palace factions went rife, and eunuchs attained unrestrained power. That allowed one of them, Wei Zhongxian, to build up an extensive network of agents that held the most important positions in the capital and in the provinces. Wei Zhongxian launched successive persecutions of the civil officials and suppressed with unrestrained ferocity the most influential association of scholars, the Donglin Academy, depriving the dynasty of hundreds of critical voices. Military were also affected, specially because their positions depended not only on the results of their specific examinations, but also on the whim of the emperor who could always promote or demote them. In the factionalist climate that prevailed at the court both victory and defeat could be falsified. few months the new emperor, Chongzhen, compelled him to commit suicide.
    [Show full text]