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Shabbat Volume 1.Indb Perek III Daf 36 Amud b NOTES With regard to a stove that was litN on Shabbat eve A stove that was lit – : The early מתניפ ִ ּ כי ָ אה שׁ ֶ ִ ה ִּ ס י ּ ו ָה ַ ּ ב ַ ּ שׁ ִ ּכי ָ אה שׁ ֶ הִ סִּ י ּ ו הָ with straw or with rakings, scraps collected from -Mishna commentaries explained this issue in differ וּבַ ּג אְבָבָ – נֹותְנִים עָלֶ יהָ ּתַבְשׁ ִ ילד בַּ ֶּג ֶ ׳ת the field, one mayplace a pot of cooked food atop it on Shabbat. The fire ent ways. Many of the ge’onim and those who וּבָעֵצִ ים – לֹא ּןֵ יִת דעַ ֶ שׁ ּיִגְ אֹוב, אֹו דעַ ֶ שׁ ּיִ ֵּ תן in this stove was certainly extinguished while it was still day, as both straw adopted their approach state that this mishna : and rakings are materials that burn quickly. However, if the stove was lit and those that follow are not discussing the אֶ ת הָאֵ ֶ׳אד בֵּ ית שׁ ַ ַּ מאי אֹומְ ִ אים, חַ ִּ מין לו .with pomace, pulp that remains from sesame seeds, olives, and the like question of inserting the pot into the stove אֲבָל לֹא ּתַבְשִׁיל וּבֵית הִ ֵלּל אֹומְ ִ אים, after the oil is squeezed from them, and if it was lit with wood,H one may Rather, they are discussing a case where the חַ ִּ מין וְתַבְשׁ ִ ילד בֵּ ית שׁ ַ ַ ּמאי אֹומְ ִ אים, not place a pot atop it on Shabbat until he sweepsN the coals from the pot is suspended over the stove. Consequently, there is no concern lest one come to stoke the נֹוטְלִין אֲבָל לֹא מַחֲזִיאִין וּבֵית ּהִלֵל stove while it is still day or until he places ashes on the coals, so that the coals. Sweeping the coals or covering them אֹומְ ִ אים, אַ ב מַחֲ זִיִ איןד fire will not ignite on Shabbat.Beit Shammai say: Even after one has swept with ashes is merely an indication that he has away the coals, it is only permitted to place hot water on it, as it is suffi- diverted his attention from the coals (Rav Hai ciently hot and does not require additional cooking, but not cooked food. Gaon; Ran). Since, in general, one prefers that food will cook more, there is concern -Some commen : עַ דשׁ ֶ ִ ּי ְג א ֹו ב – Until he sweeps lest he come to ignite the fire by stoking the coals. And Beit Hillel say: taries explain that sweeping does not mean Both hot water and cooked food may be placed. Beit Shammai say: One that one must sweep all of the coals out of may remove a pot from the stove on Shabbat but may not return it. And the stove. It is sufficient if he sweeps them all Beit Hillel say: One may even return it. to one side within the stove itself (Rabbeinu Zeraĥia HaLevi). The studentsraised a dilemma with regard to the That which we learned in the mishna: One גמפ אִ יבַּעֲיָא לְ הוּ: הַ אי ‘לֹא ֵּ יִתןפ – לֹא explanation of the mishna. Thatwhich we learned may not place, does it mean that one may Gemara יַחֲ זִ יא הוּא, אֲבָ ל לַ ְ ׁ ּשהֹות – מַשׁ ְהִ ין אַ ב עַ ל Some :הַ אי לֹא ֵּ יִתן לֹא יַחֲזִיא הוּא – in the mishna: One may not place, does it mean that one may not returnN not return a pot that he took off the fire and wishes to return on Shabbat; however, explain that the essence of the question is not ּיִ ׳ שׁ ֶאֵ ינֹו ָּגאוּב וְאֵ ינֹו ָ טוּם, וּמַ ּנִי – חֲ נַנְיָה to leave the pot from Shabbat eve into Shabbat, one may leave it even an attempt to draw a halakhic conclusion from הִ יאד דְּתַ נְיָא, חֲ נַנְיָה אֹומֵ א: ָ ּכל שׁ ֶ הוּא the mishna; rather, the goal is to define terms in -though this stove is not swept of its coals and its coals are not covered a manner that will enable the Gemara to estab ּכְמַאֲכַ ל בֶּ ן דְּ אֹוסַ אי – ָּמוּתא לַ ְׁ ּשהֹותֹו עַ ל with ashes? And, according to this, whose opinion is it in this mishna? It lish the mishna in accordance with the opinion גַּבֵּי ִ ּכיָ אה, אַ ב עַל ִּי׳ שֶׁאֵ ינֹו ָּגאוּ בוְאֵ ינֹו is the opinion of Ĥananya. As it was taught in a baraita, Ĥananya says: of Ĥananya (see Tosafot). The Gemara seeks to ָ טוּם; אֹו דִּ ילְמָ א: לַ ְׁ ּשהֹות ְּ תנַן, וְאִ י ָּגאוּב Any food that has already been cooked to the extent of the food of ben clarify whether a simple reading of the mishna וְ ָ טוּם – אִ ין, אִ י לָא – לָא, וְכָל שֶׁ ּכֵן Drosai, who would only cook his food the minimum amount necessary, corresponds to his opinion or whether, in order ,one is permitted to leave it atopa stove on Shabbat even though the stove to align the mishna with Ĥananya’s approach לְהַחֲ זִיאד it is necessary to emend the mishna and add is not swept and not covered with ashes. Or perhaps, that which we passages to it (Derush VeĤiddush). learned in the mishna: One may not place, means one may not leave it on the fire from Shabbat eve.And if the coals in the stove were swept or cov- ered with ashes, yes, one may leave the pot on the stove. And if not, no, one may not leave it, and all the more so one may not return it to the stove on Shabbat under any circumstances. In order to resolve this dilemma, the Gemara suggests: Come and hear a ּ ָ תא שְׁ מַ ע, מִ דְּ ָ תָ ֵ נ י ּ ְת ֵ אי ָ בּ בֵ י ְ בּ מַ תְ ִ נ י תִ י ן : resolution to this from the fact that two sections were taught in our בֵּ ית שׁ ַ ַ ּמאי אֹומְ ִ אים: חַ ִּ מין אֲבָ ל לֹא mishna. In the first, Beit Shammai say: Hot water but not cooked food. ּתַבְשׁ ִ יל, וּבֵ ית הִ ֵ לּל אֹומְ ִ אים: חַ ִּ מין And Beit Hillel say: Both hot water and cooked food. And in the second, Beit Shammai say: One may remove it but may not return it. And Beit וְתַבְשׁ ִ ילד בֵּ ית שׁ ַ ַ ּמאי אֹומְ ִ אים: נֹוטְלִ ין Hillel say: One may even return it. Granted, if you say that when we אֲבָ ל לֹא מַחֲ זִיִ אין, וּבֵ ית הִ ֵ לּל אֹומְ ִ אים: learned in the mishna that one may not place it means that it is prohibited אַ ב מַחֲ זִ יִ איןד אִ י אָמְ ַ א ְּת בִּשׁ ְלָמָ א לַ ְׁ ּשהֹות to leave it; in that case, the mishna is teaching as follows: With regard to ּתְנַן – הָכִי ָתָנֵי: ִ ּכיָ אה שֶׁהִסִּ י וּהָ בַּ ּ ַשׁ a stove that was lit with straw or with rakings, one may leave cooked וּבַ ּגְבָבָ א – מַשׁ ְהִ ין עָלֶ יהָ ּתַבְשׁ ִ יל, בַּ ֶּג ֶ ׳ת food on it. If it was lit with pomace or with wood, one may not leave the וּבָעֵצִים – לֹא איַשְׁהֶ דעַ שֶּׁיִגְאֹו באֹו עַ ד cooked food on it until he sweeps the coals out while it is still day or :until he places ashes on it. And what may they leave? Beit Shammai say שׁ ֵּ ֶּיִתן אֵ ֶ׳א, וּמָ ה הֵ ן מַשׁ ְהִ ין? בֵּ ית שׁ ַ ַּ מאי Hot water but not cooked food. And Beit Hillel say: One may leave both אֹומְ ִ אים: חַ ִּ מין אֲבָ ל לֹא ּתַבְשׁ ִ יל, וּבֵ ית hot water and cooked food on it. And just as they disagree with regard הִ ֵ לּל אֹומְ ִ אים: חַ ִּ מין וְתַבְשׁ ִ ילד וְכִ י הֵיכִ י -to leaving a pot on the stove, so too, they disagree with regard to wheth דִּ ְ ׳לִ י גִ י ְבּ לַ ְ ּה ׁ שֹו ת – ּ ְ ׳לִ י גִ י נַ מִ י ִבּ לְ הַ חֲ זִ י א , :er or not it is permitted to return it to the stove. As Beit Shammai say שׁ ֶבֵּ ית שׁ ַ ַּ מאי אֹומְ ִ אים: נֹוטְלִ ין אֲבָ ל לֹא One may take the pot from the stove on Shabbat but may not return it to מַחֲ זִיִ אין, וּבֵ ית הִ לֵ ּל אֹומְ ִ אים: אַ ב מַחֲ זִיִ איןד the stove at all. And Beit Hillel say: One may even return it. HALAKHA any stove, even if it were lit with pomace or wood and even if the ִ ּכי ָ אה – Stove that was lit…with pomace and with wood ,Before Shabbat, it is prohibited to place coals were neither swept nor covered with ashes before Shabbat : שׁ ֶ הִ סִּ י ּ ו הָ … ַבּ ֶ ּג ֶ ׳ת וּבָ עֵ צִים a pot with food that would benefit from additional cooking on a as long as the food was cooked to the extent of the food of ben stove that was lit with wood, pomace, sesame seed pulp, or olive- Drosai, which is half-cooked or, according to some, one-third cooked pit pulp. One may do so if the coals were swept or if the coals were (see Mishna Berura). That is the accepted custom (Rema; Rambam covered with ashes.
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