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Muskauer Park / Park Muzakowski

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Muskauer Park / Park Muzakowski World Heritage Scanned Nomination File Name: 1127.pdf UNESCO Region: EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA __________________________________________________________________________________________________ SITE NAME: Muskauer Park / Park Muzakowski DATE OF INSCRIPTION: 7th July 2004 STATE PARTY: GERMANY / POLAND CRITERIA: C (i) (iv) CL DECISION OF THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE: Excerpt from the Report of the 28th Session of the World Heritage Committee Criterion (i): Muskauer Park is an exceptional example of a European landscape park that broke new ground in terms of development towards an ideal made-made landscape. Criterion (iv): Muskauer Park was the forerunner for new approaches to landscape design in cities, and influenced the development of ‘landscape architecture’ as a discipline BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS A landscaped park of 559.90-ha astride the Neisse river and the border between Poland and Germany, it was created by Prince Hermann von Puckler-Muskau from 1815 to 1844. Blending seamlessly with the surrounding farmed landscape, the park pioneered new approaches to landscape design and influenced the development of landscape architecture in Europe and America. Designed as a ‘painting with plants’, it did not seek to evoke classical landscapes, paradise, or some lost perfection, instead it used local plants to enhance the inherent qualities of the existing landscape. This integrated landscape extends into the town of Muskau with green passages that formed urban parks framing areas for development. The town thus became a design component in a utopian landscape. The site also features a reconstructed castle, bridges and an arboretum 1.b State, Province or Region: Lubskie County, Zary Region, Leknica Town, Poland and Saxony, Neiderschlesien Bezirk Oberlausitz, Bad Muskau Town, Germany 1.d Exact location: N51 34 45.5 E14 43 35.2 CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD HERITAGE UNESCO Park Mu¿akowski - Muskauer Park CULTURAL LANDSCAPE Supplement to the Documentation for the Inscription on the World Heritage List Cultural property of the Republic of Poland and the Federal Repablic of Germany for inclusion in the World Heritage List Poland 2003 Germany 2003 Documentation prepared by: Ośrodek Ochrony Zabytkowego Krajobrazu Narodowa Instytucja Kultury The Centre for the Preservation of Historic Landscape A National Institution for Culture ul. Szwoleżerów 9, 00-464 Warszawa, Poland and Stiftung "Fürst-Pückler-Park Bad Muskau" "Fürst-Pückler-Park Bad Muskau" Foundation Orangerie, D-02953, Germany under supervision of: Dr. Andrzej MICHAŁOWSKI Dipl. Ing. Cord PANNING Director Director authors: Dr. Andrzej Michałowski Dipl. Ing. Cord Panning M.Sc. Ing. Barbara Furmanik Dipl. Ing. Holger Daetz M.Sc. Ing. Katarzyna Piotrowska-Nosek Dipl. Ing. Jenny Groβe M.Sc. Ing. Maciej Rymkiewicz Dipl. Ing. (FH) Ewa Johna M.Sc. Ing. Renata Stachańczyk VOLUME 1 COPY ..... 2 LIST OF CONTENTS VOLUME 1 I IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROPERTY (a) Country (b) State, province, region (c) Name of the property (d) Exact location on map and indication of geographical co-ordinates (e) Maps and/or plans showing boundary of the area proposed for inscription and buffer zone (f) Area of the site proposed for inscription and proposed buffer zone II JUSTIFICATION FOR INSCRIPTION (a) Statement of significance (b) Possible comparative analysis (c) Authenticity / integrity of the property (d) Criteria under which inscription is proposed III DESCRIPTION (a) Description of the property (b) History and development (c) Form and date of most recent records of site (d) Present state of conservation (e) Policies and programmes related to the presentation and promotion of the property IV MANAGEMENT (a) Ownership (b) Legal status (c) Protective measures and means of implementation them (d) Agencies with management authority (e) Level at which management is exercised, name and address of responsible person for contact purposes (f) Agreed plans related to the property (g) Sources and levels of finance (h) Sources of expertise and training in conservation and management techniques (i) Visitors facilities and statistics (j) Site management plan and statement of objectives (k) Staffing levels V FACTORS AFFECTING THE SITE (a) Development pressures (b) Environmental pressures (c) Natural disasters and preparedness (d) Visitor / tourism pressures 3 (e) Number of inhabitants within the site and buffer zone VI MONITORING (a) Key indicators for measuring state of conservation (b) Administrative arrangements for monitoring property (c) Results of previous reporting exercises VII DOCUMENTATION (part 1) (a) Bibliography (b) Address where inventory, records and archives are held VIII SIGNATURE ON BEHALF OF THE STATE PARTIES VOLUME 2 VII DOCUMENTATION (part 2) (c) Documentation of the present condition (d) Historic documentation (e) Legal protection documentation (f) Management documentation 4 I IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROPERTY (a) Country Rzeczpospolita Polska (The Republic of Poland) Bundesrepublik Deutschland (The Federal Republic of Germany) (b) State, province, region Polish Side województwo lubuskie, powiat Żary, miasto Łęknica (Lubuskie county, region Żary, town of Łęknica) German Side Sachsen, Regierungsbezirk Dresden, Region Oberlausitz, Niederschlesischer Oberlausitzkreis, Stadt Bad Muskau (Saxony, Niederschlesien Bezirk Oberlausitz, town of Bad Muskau) (c) Name of the property Park Mużakowski / Muskauer Park (d) Exact location on map and indication of geographical co-ordinates The Mużakowski / Muskauer Park is situated on the territory of Poland and Germany on both sides of the state border that coincides with the Lusatian Neisse River. It lays 120 km North- East of Dresden and 90 km South-West of Zielona Góra towns. The park extends from 51°32'00" to 51°34'42"N and from 14°42'10" to 14°45'45"E. (e) Maps and/or plans showing boundary of the area proposed for inscription and buffer zone app. c.02 - map to a scale of 1:5 000 (f) Area of the site proposed for inscription and proposed buffer zone Site Area: 348.00 ha Buffer Zone Area: 1 204.65 ha Site Area The boundaries of the site proposed for inscription comprise an area of the historic Mużakowski / Muskauer Park shaped according to Hermann von Pückler's idea by himself and subsequently by his follower Eduard Petzold. Buffer Zone Area Included in the buffer zone are the outside lands of the Mużakowski / Muskauer Park laying beyond the borders of the site area, as well as the open and urbanised land of both towns of Bad Muskau and Łęknica linked by perspectives and functionally with the park layout. The buffer zone proposed takes into account a protection for both Polish and German parts of the park. Polish Side 5 Site Area: 211.90 ha Buffer Zone Area: 584.00 ha The Site Area comprises Park on Terraces and the Arboretum created by Eduard Petzold. Buffer Zone Area includes Outer Park, Upper Park, forest areas under State Forest Authority administration and a fragment of the town of Łęknica linked by views and functions with the park. German Side Site Area: 136.10 ha Buffer Zone Area: 620.65 ha The Site Area comprises Castle Park with a residential centre, Spa Park and the Upper Mountain Park including Upper Walk, which connects it with the Castle Park. Buffer Zone Area includes the Lower Mountain Park, Park of Krauschwitz, the historic centre of the town of Bad Muskau and the areas of the town in the outside zone linked by views with the park. 6 Bad Muskau £êknica Muskauer Park / Park Mu¿akowski Localisation; scale 1:2000 000 II JUSTIFICATION FOR INSCRIPTION (a) Statement of significance The development of the art form of garden and landscape design and historical cultural landscapes, as described in section I.C.39.i of the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention of UNESCO, is closely connected with the history of mankind. Beginning with the religious topos of the Garden of Eden, ranging over several centuries of art history and yet, if one broadens the Euro centric angle of vision-for millenniums, this development can be well retraced through excellent existing examples of different styles of parks. Also the Mużakowski / Muskauer Park belongs to these internationally important, impetus giving, major works of garden and landscape art. The following should not be an attempt to extensively enumerate such major works of internationally important gardens, parks, and cultural landscapes. The uncommon specifications of plants, the primary material of this form of art, can also not be dealt with in detail within the framework of this application, nor can their specialities as compared to other disciplines of design. Nevertheless, the following will include excerpts from the extensive theory and history of garden and landscape art to emphasise the uniqueness of the Mużakowski / Muskauer Park. Through the increasing weakening and finally the meaninglessness of the defence function of castles, fortresses, and cities etc., a breaking away from selected military strategic and especially effective topographical infrastructural situations took place. The selection of a construction site or settlement then took place due to changed functional, socio-cultural, and increasingly, purely aesthetic criteria. The parks of palaces and other representative constructions opened up the resulting potential for the development thereof – whether it is in rolling terrain or more in the expanse of a plain. Vaux-le Vicomte and Versailles, the best examples of classical French baroque gardens, epitomise this stage of development. Originating
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