Germans and in the

- 9789004466555 Downloaded from Brill.com10/01/2021 11:00:05AM via free access Explorations in Medieval Culture

General Editor

Larissa Tracy (Longwood University)

Editorial Board

Tina Boyer (Wake Forest University) Emma Campbell (University of Warwick) Kelly DeVries (Loyola University Maryland) David F. Johnson (Florida State University) Asa Simon Mittman (CSU, Chico) Thea Tomaini (USC, Los Angeles) Wendy J. Turner (Augusta University) David Wacks (University of Oregon) Renée Ward (University of Lincoln)

volume 16

The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/emc

- 9789004466555 Downloaded from Brill.com10/01/2021 11:00:05AM via free access and Poles in the Middle Ages

The Perception of the ‘Other’ and the Presence of Mutual Ethnic Stereotypes in Medieval Narrative Sources

Edited by

Andrzej Pleszczyński and Grischa Vercamer

LEIDEN | BOSTON

- 9789004466555 Downloaded from Brill.com10/01/2021 11:00:05AM via free access The research for this conference volume has been supported by the National Science Centre, , under Polonez fellowship reg. no 2016/21/P/HS3/04107 funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 665778.

Cover illustration: Statues of Hermann and his wife Reglindis at . ©Vereinigte Domstifter zu Merseburg und Naumburg und des Kollegiatstifts , Bildarchiv Naumburg. ©Photograph: Matthias Rutkowski.

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ISSN 2352-0299 ISBN 978-90-04-41778-6 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-04-46655-5 (e-book)

Copyright 2021 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Hotei, Brill Schöningh, Brill Fink, Brill mentis, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Böhlau Verlag and V&R Unipress. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Requests for re-use and/or translations must be addressed to Koninklijke Brill NV via brill.com or copyright.com.

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- 9789004466555 Downloaded from Brill.com10/01/2021 11:00:05AM via free access This volume is dedicated to Grischa’s mother, Renate Vercamer, and to the memory of Małgorzata Pleszczyńska, Andrzej’s wife.

∵

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Acknowledgments xi Abbreviations xii Notes on Contributors xiv Maps xxii

1 Introduction 1 Andrzej Pleszczyński and Grischa Vercamer

PART 1 Zones of Comparison in Medieval Europe: Theory and Examples

2 Constructing Otherness in the Chronicles of the First Crusade 17 Kristin Skottki

3 Alterity and Genre: Reflections on the Construction of ‘National’ Otherness in Franco-German Contexts 41 Georg Jostkleigrewe

4 England – No Interest? How Anglo-Norman and Angevin Historians Perceived the Empire in the Twelfth Century 57 Isabelle Chwalka

5 “… rogans eum sibi in auxilium contra superbiam Teutonicorum”: The Imaging of ‘Theutonici’ in Bohemian Medieval Sources between the Ninth and Fourteenth Centuries 81 David Kalhous

part 2 Polish Views Regarding Germans in the Middle Ages – Hagiographical and Historiographical Sources

6 The Image of the Germans and the Holy in Polish Historiography until the 13th Century 101 Andrzej Pleszczyński

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7 The Perception of the and Its People in the Eyes of the Polish Elites in the Middle Ages 119 Sławomir Gawlas

8 Polish Hagiographic Sources and Their View of the Germans in the Middle Ages 167 Roman Michałowski

part 3 German Views Regarding Poles in the Middle Ages – Hagiographical, Historiographical and Medieval German Literature Sources

9 Poland and the Poles in Early and High Medieval German Historiography 185 Volker Scior

10 Poland and the Polish People in Late Medieval German Historiography 195 Norbert Kersken

11 Poland, Silesia, and in the Empire’s Hagiographic Sources 227 Stephan Flemmig

12 Perception of Poland in Peter Suchenwirt’s Heraldic Poems: Reflections on Dependence between Assessments and Genres 243 Paul Martin Langner

13 Constructions of Identities and Processes of Othering. Images of Polish Characters, Polishness and Poland and Their Roles in Medieval German Literature 261 Florian M. Schmid

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part 4 Regional Zones of Contact between Germans and Poles in the Middle Ages

14 Between Real Experience and Stereotypes: The Silesian People in the Middle Ages with Respect to Their Neighbors (in Historiographic Sources) 305 Wojciech Mrozowicz

15 Prussia I: ‘… und das her konng mochte werdin czu Polan, und nicht von cristinlicher libe …’ Historians within the (Ordensgeschichtsschreibung) in Prussia in the Middle Ages with Regard to Poland 321 Grischa Vercamer

16 Prussia II: The Views of Late Medieval Historians in Prussia towards Poland 347 Adam Szweda

17 Kraków I: ‘Ethnic’ or ‘National’ Conflict in 14th Century Kraków? 357 Marcin Starzyński

18 Kraków II: ‘Ad hoc traxit me natura …’. Social Stereotypes in Kraków and the Rebellion of Vogt Albert of 1311–1312 367 Piotr Okniński

part 5 German-Polish Stereotypes in Modern Times as a Counterpart to the Medieval Period

19 Contemporary Stereotypes within German-Polish Relations: A Linguistic Approach 375 Jarochna Dąbrowska-Burkhardt

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part 6 Conclusion

20 Final Remarks: Germans and Poles in the Middle Ages: The Perception of the ‘Other’ and the Presence of Mutual Ethnic Stereotypes in Medieval Narrative Sources (10th–15th Centuries) 395 Thomas Wünsch

Selected Bibliography 407 Index of Geographic Names and Historical (also Fictional) Persons 427

- 9789004466555 Downloaded from Brill.com10/01/2021 11:00:05AM via free access Acknowledgments

This volume is the outcome of a conference held in the Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuflla PAN in Warszaw during 24.–27. May 2018. The title was: “Germans and Poles in the Middle Ages – Perception of the Other and mutual Stereotypes” (conference report: https://www.hsozkult.de/conferencereport/ id/tagungsberichte-8077). We would like to thank the former director of the Instytut Historii, Prof. dr hab. Wojciech Kriegseisen, and the director of the German Historical Institute in Warszaw, Prof. Miloš Řezník, for hosting and supporting the conference. We would futhermore thank all contributors of the confernce for their hard work and for their patience during the long editorial process. We are as well grateful to Larrisa Tracy and the board of Explorations in Medieval Culture for their feedback and for the chance to let us publish the volume within the series. Further thanks go to Philip Jacobs (editor from English Exactly), who did a great job by proof-reading the majority of the texts and translating three texts entirely, to Peter Palm for his excellent maps, to Marcella Mulder from Brill for her great support during the last months of edi- toring, to the anonymous reader of the volume for precise suggestions and very helpful comments, and to Pascal Weber, who assisted us at the very final stage with the index. Thanks to all of you!

- 9789004466555 Downloaded from Brill.com10/01/2021 11:00:05AM via free access Abbreviations

APH Acta Poloniae Historica Benessius, “Chronicon” Benessius de Weitmil, “Chronicon” Borgeni, Annales Annales Glogovienses bis zum J. 1493 CDCC Codex diplomaticus civitatis Cracoviensis Chron. Ludovici quarti Chronica Ludovici imperatoris quarti Chronicon Aulae Regiae Petra Žitavského Kronika Dt. Chr. Deutsche Chroniken Ebonis vita Ottonis Ebonis vita sancti Ottonis episcopi Babenbergensis Ebran von Wildenberg Des Ritters Hans Ebran von Wildenberg FRB Fontes rerum Bohemicarum/ Prameny dějin českých FSGA Ausgewählte Quellen zur deutschen Geschichte des Mittelalters. Freiherr vom Stein Gedächtnisausgabe Herbordi dialogus Herbordi dialogus de Vita S. Ottonis episcopi Babenbergensis Iohannis Victoriensis Liber Iohannis abbas Victoriensis Liber certarum historiarum Johannes von Winterhur, Die Chronik Johanns von Winterthur Chronica KDMK Kodeks dyplomatyczny miasta Krakowa Korner, Chron. Novella Die Chronica novella des Hermann Korner MGH Monumenta Germanie Historica MPH Monumenta Poloniae Historica NS Nova series Ottokar, Reimchronik Ottokars österreichische Reimchronik Passio Adalberti. Redactio S. Adalberti Pragensis Episcopi et Martyris Vita altera brevior auctore Brunone Querfurtensi. Redactio brevior Passio Adalberti. Redactio S. Adalberti Pragensis Episcopi et Martyris Vita altera longior auctore Brunone Querfurtensi. Redactio longior Posilge Johann von Posilge, Chronik des Landes Preussen RBMS Rerum Britannicarum medii aevi scriptores Slecht, “Chronicon” Richard Fester, „Die Fortsetzung der Flores Temporum” SRP Scriptores rerum Prussicarum SRS Scriptores rerum Silesiacarum SSrG Scriptores rerum Germanicarum Twinger, Chronik Jakob Twinger von Königshofen, Chronik. Vita Prieflingensis S. Ottonis episcopi Babenbergensis Vita Prieflingensi Vita quinque fratrum Vita quinque fratrum eremitarum [seu] Vita uel Passio Benedicti et Iohannis sociorumque suorum

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Vita sancti Adalberti Sancti Adalberti episcopi Pragensis et Martyris Vita prior. A. Redactio Imperialis vel Ottoniana VK Vita sanctae Kyngae VSMaior Vita sancti Stanislai Cracoviensis episcopi (Vita maior) VSMinor Vita s. Stanislai episcopi Cracoviensis (Vita minor) ZfO Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropaforschung

- 9789004466555 Downloaded from Brill.com10/01/2021 11:00:05AM via free access Notes on Contributors

Isabelle Chwalka (PhD, /) finished her PhD at the Department of Medieval History at the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz. Her doctoral work was focused on analysing comparatively the view of Anglo-Norman / Angevinian historians towards the Holy Roman Empire and the view of German authors towards England. She examines the influence of political, social and cultural constellations on the historians and their view about “others” and the interdependency between conceptions and perceptions. At present she works for the Department of University Development at the University of Applied Sciences Koblenz.

Jarochna Dąbrowska-Burkhardt (PhD and habilitation in Zielona Góra/Poland) is a professor of German Linguistics at the University of Zielona Góra. She studies with a PhD-scholarship at the Institut für deutsche Sprache (Mannheim) and received her PhD in German Linguistics and Applied Linguistics from the University of Mannheim in the research field of national stereotypes (Stereotype und ihr sprachlicher Ausdruck im Polenbild der deutschen Presse. Eine textlinguistische Untersuchung, Tübingen 1999). In 2014 she concluded her Habilitation in German Linguistics and Philology at the University of Poznań (Die gesamteuropäischen Verfassungsprojekte im transnationalen Diskurs. Eine kontrastive linguistische Analyse der deutschen und polnischen Berichterstattung, Zielona Góra 2013). Her main research areas are discourse analysis, polito-linguistics, intercultural communication, research on stereotypes, culture-related linguistics, media linguistics and historical sociolinguistics, especially analysis of early modern chronicles. In 2004 she published a bilingual edition on the Town Chronicle of Grünberg in Niederschlesien (Dawna Zielona Góra. Kronika 1623–1795. Das alte Grünberg. Chronik 1623–1795, Zielona Góra 2004). Her research interests include the relationship between individual and collective language use and the pro- cess of meaning construction in different media during various time periods.

Stephan Flemmig (PhD and habilitation in Leipzig and Jena/Germany) studied medieval and modern history, art history, and biology in Leipzig and Krakow. This was fol- lowed by a dissertation dealing with the medieval veneration of saints and then a Habilitation addressing the political history of entanglements in late medieval East Central Europe. In conjunction with these, there were longer research stays in Poland, the Czech Republic, Sweden, and Italy. Stephan

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Flemmig is presently academic counsellor (Akademischer Rat) at the Friedrich Schiller University in Jena. His most important publications are: Hagiography and Cultural Transfer: Bridget of Sweden and Hedwig of Poland (Hagiographie und Kulturtransfer. Birgitta von Schweden und Hedwig von Polen (2011); The Mendicant Orders during the in Bohemia and Moravia (Die Bettelorden im hochmittelalterlichen Böhmen und Mähren) (expected 2018); Between the Empire and East Central Europe: the Relationships among the Jagiellonians, Wettins, and the Teutonic Order (1386–1526) (Zwischen dem Reich und Ostmitteleuropa. Die Beziehungen von Jagiellonen, Wettinern und Deutschem Orden (1386–1526).

Sławomir Gawlas (PhD and habilitation in Warsaw/Poland) is professor of medieval history at the Institute of History at the University of Warsaw, Poland. He specializes in the in the late Middle Ages, focusing his attention on the prob- lems of political and economic systems; he is also interested in the question of social awareness in this period in East Central Europe. His most important publications include, among others: O kształt zjednoczonego Królestwa: nie- mieckie władztwo terytorialne a geneza społeczno-ustrojowej odrębności Polski [For the Shape of a United Kingdom: German territorial authority and the ori- gin of Poland’s distinctiveness in social and political system], Warszawa 2000; “Die Probleme des Lehnswesens und Feudalismus aus polnischer Sicht” in: Das europäische Mittelalter im Spannungsfeld des Vergleichs. Zwanzig inter- nationale Beiträge zu Praxis, Problemen und Perspektiven der historischen Komparatistik, ed. Michael Borgolte, Ralf Lusiardi (Europa im Mittelalter, Abhandlungen und Beiträge zur historischen Komparatistik, vol. 1), 2001, pp. 97–123; “Der hl. Adalbert als Landespatron und die frühe Nationenbildung bei den Polen”, in: Polen und Deutschland vor 1000 Jahren. Die Berliner Tagung über den “Akt von Gnesen”, ed. Benjamin Scheller (Europa im Mittelalter, Abhandlungen und Beiträge zur historischen Komparatistik, vol. 5), Berlin 2002, pp. 193–233; Möglichkeiten und Methoden herrschaftlicher Politik im östlichen Europa im 14. Jahrhundert, in: Die “Blüte” der Staaten des östlichen Europa im 14. Jahrhundert, ed. Marc Löwener, (Quellen und Studien des Deutschen Historischen Instituts Warschau, vol. 14), 2004, s. 257–284.

Georg Jostkleigrewe (PhD, Erlangen/Germany; habilitation, Münster/Germany) is a full professor in medieval studies at the University of Halle ()/Germany. His research fields cover the vernacular and Latin historiography of the High and Late Middle Ages and the role of symbolic communication in late medieval diplomatic contacts and court societies. He specialises in the study of French medieval history;

- 9789004466555 Downloaded from Brill.com10/01/2021 11:00:05AM via free access xvi Notes on Contributors his specific focus is on the structures and interactional mechanisms within the French “political society” during the reigns of the last Capetians and the first Valois . During his time in Münster, he worked as a researcher in the Collaborative Research Center/SFB 1150 “Cultures of Decision-Making”, investi- gating the development of scholastic notions of contingency and their embed- ding in internal discussions and conflicts at the University of Paris. His PhD was on the topic: Das Bild des Anderen. Entstehung und Wirkung deutschfran- zösischer Fremdbilder in der volkssprachlichen Literatur und Historiographie des 12. bis 14. Jahrhunderts (Berlin 2008) (The picture of the “Other”. Creation and effect of German-French Mutual Perception in the Vernacular Literature and Historiography of the 12th–14th centuries). In Halle, he focusses on the interdependencies between feud and other forms of conflict management on the one hand, and State formation on the other.

David Kalhous (PhD., Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno, CZ) is currently Senior Post-Doctoral Fellow in the Institut für Mittelalterforschung ÖAW, Wien and associate professor in the Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno. His publi- cations include Anatomy of a . The Political and Ecclesiastical Structures of Early Přemyslid Bohemia (Brill, 2012), “Legenda Christiani and modern histo- riography” (Brill, 2015), Bohemi. Zu den Identitätsbildungsprozessen in Böhmen der Přemyslidenzeit (bis 1200) (Verlag der ÖAW, forthcoming) and over 50 scholarly papers and articles. His interests concern early and high medieval history (mainly in Central Europe) with the focus on the beginnings of the organized polities and on identities, both in comparative scale. In his research, he combines the approaches of different disciplines (textual analysis, archae- ology, codicology and palaeography) and cooperates especially with the Vienna-school (H. Wolfram, W. Pohl, H. Reimitz).

Norbert Kersken (PhD, Münster/Germany) is a staff member of the Herder Institute for Historical Research on East Central Europe, Marburg. He specializes in the medieval his- tory of East Central Europe and on the history of historiography in the Middle Ages. He is the author of various publications primarily on the topic of his- toriography in the Middle Ages. He wrote his PhD on “Geschichtsschreibung im Europa der ‘nationes’. Nationalgeschichtliche Gesamtdarstellungen im Mittelalter” (Köln 1995) (Historiography in Europe of the ‘nations’). He has published more than 100 scholarly articles in the fields of historiography and foreign policy in the Middle Ages (cp. http://opac.regesta-imperii.de/lang_de/ suche.php?qs=Norbert+Kersken).

- 9789004466555 Downloaded from Brill.com10/01/2021 11:00:05AM via free access Notes on Contributors xvii

Paul Martin Langner (PhD, Technical University in Berlin/Germany) is a professor of German Studies at the University of Pedagogy in Krakow. He studied Germanistik and Philosophy at the Technical University of Berlin and worked 15 years as the Manager of Cultural Affairs in Schleswig-, Berlin and Potsdam. His main topics are area-studies in the Middle Ages: the concept of Tradition, performativity in religious drama, in law and court in the Middle Ages, the theory of images and Friedrich Hebbel dramas and theatre of the 19th Century. His last publication: Performative Elemente in den städtischen Gewohnheitsrechten (Performative Elements in Municipal Rights), Die mittelniederdeutsche Apokalypse unter der Perspektive zisterziensischer Frömmigkeit. (The middle- Apocalypse from the Perspective of Cistercians Piety). Recently (June 2018) his book appeared on the perception of Polish knights in German poems of the High Middle Ages.

Roman Michałowski (PhD and habilitation, University of Warsaw/Poland) is a professor of Medieval History at that university. He has published monographs and many articles on the Middle Ages including Princeps fundator (Arx Regia, 1993) and The Gniezno Summit (Brill, 2016) and is editor in chief of the important historical journal ‘Kwartalnik Historyczny’.

Wojciech Mrozowicz (PhD and habilitation, University of Wrocław/Poland) is a professor of Medieval History at the Institute of History of the University of Wrocław (Department of the History of Poland and Universal History up to the End of the 15th century). His scientific areas of research are concentrated around themes in the history of Silesia and Poland, as well as their relations with neighbouring countries. He also conducts research in the area of historiography (especially Silesian), hag- iography (especially related to St. Hedwig), monasticism (especially involving the Augustinian Canons Regular) and codicology. He also has published source texts from the Middle Ages and the Modern Age in both Latin and German (among others the Chronicle of the Monastery of Augustinian Canons in Kłodzko and the Silesian Annals). He is the author or editor of over 350 texts related to this field. He collaborates with the Faculty of Manuscripts at the University Library of Wrocław, where he participates in the work of creating a catalogue of medieval manuscripts.

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Piotr Okniński (PhD, The Tadeusz Manteuffel Institute of History, Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw/Poland) is an associate professor of History. He specializes in com- parative urban history of the Late Middle Ages. His PhD dissertation exam- ines the establishment of municipal institutions in the urban community of Kraków in the 13th century. He has also written several papers concerning dif- ferent institutional, social, and spatial aspects of the urban development in the Polish lands. He is currently working on a project focused on the communal self-identity of medieval Central European cities and the role of their govern- ments in shaping official urban memory discourses.

Andrzej Pleszczyński (PhD and habilitation in UMCS Lublin/Poland), Co-Editor of this volume. He is Professor of Medieval European History at Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Poland. His research interests include: myths, narratives, stereo- types, topoi especially in the area of the formation of opinions about peoples/ nations in the Middle Ages in the sweep of Polish-Czech-German contacts in the Middle Ages. He is also interested in studying the influence of old con- ceptual clichés on the colloquial and scientific thinking about the past. His academic achievements comprise among other writings the monographs: The Birth of a Stereotype. Polish Rulers and their Country in German Writings c. 1000 A.D. (Brill, 2011); Vyšehrad – rezidence českých panovníků. Studie o rezidenci panovníka raného středověku na příkladu českého Vyšehradu (Praha: Set out, 2002); Przekazy niemieckie o Polsce i jej mieszkańcach w okresie panowania Piastów [German accounts about Poland and its inhabitants during the Piasts rule] (Lublin: UMCS, 2016), and a collection of studies: Imagined Communities. Constructing Collective Identities in Medieval Europe (Brill, 2018).

Florian M. Schmid (PhD, German Linguistics and Literature, University of ) is currently a research assistant with teaching duties at the University of Greifswald, focus- ing on and Literature of the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period. He did his PhD on a study of the Nibelungenlied (‘Wieder- und Weitererzählen. Strategien der Retextualisierung in der Fassung *C des ‚Nibelungenlieds‘ und der ‚Klage’). His publications include works on early prints, strategies of re-textualisation in heroic epics and negotiation and demonstration of power in German and Scandinavian literature. He has published articles as well on the construction of identity and the narration of space in heroic epics, performance and performativity in courtly epics, processes of scandalisation in regard to chivalric romances, perceptual and

- 9789004466555 Downloaded from Brill.com10/01/2021 11:00:05AM via free access Notes on Contributors xix interpretive patterns of the sea in verse epics, comedy in the Fastnachtspiel, text-image-relations in late medieval and early modern prose romances, con- structions of knowledge and genealogy in medieval chronicles. He is currently working on projects dealing with literature as sources of information in early modern chronicles and the construction of internal worlds of literary charac- ters in early modern prose romances.

Volker Scior (PhD and habilitation Hamburg university) studied law, history and polit- ical sciences in Hamburg. After two scholarships from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and two interim professorships in Hamburg and Eichstätt, he is now Assistant Professor of Medieval History at the Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany. He wrote his PhD thesis on the perception of otherness and strangeness in high-medieval Northern Europe (Das Eigene und das Fremde. Identität und Fremdheit in den Chroniken Adams von , Helmolds von Bosau und Arnold von Lübeck, Berlin 2002) and a second book on messengers as a means of communication in the (Boten im frühen Mittelalter. Studie zur zeitgenössischen Praxis von Kommunikation und Mobilität). His Habilitation text is in the process of being published. He wrote several articles on mobility in Europe and the Mediterranean, on letters and messengers between late Antiquity and the Late Middle Ages, and on the per- ception of foreigners and strangers in the Early and High Middle Ages.

Kristin Skottki (PhD at the university of Rostock/Germany) is a Juniorprofessor of Medieval History at Bayreuth University. Her PhD thesis was published in 2015 with Waxmann under the title Christen, Muslime und der Erste Kreuzzug. Die Macht der Beschreibung in der mittelalterlichen und modernen Historiographie. She co-edited Sprechen, Schreiben, Handeln. Interdisziplinäre Beiträge zur Performativität mittelalterlicher Texte together with Annika Bostelmann, Doreen Brandt and Hellmut Braun (Waxmann 2017). She has published a num- ber of articles on crusade historiography and theology, as well as on reflections about the role of modern academic historiography and medievalism. She is a member of the editorial board of the Journal of Transcultural Medieval Studies (De Gruyter). Her main research object is a host desecration case in a northern German town called Sternberg in 1492. But she is currently also involved in different projects addressing the challenges of Crusader Medievalism in recent political and violent contexts.

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Marcin Starzyński (PhD and habilitation in Krakow/Poland) is a historian-medievalist and works as habilitated doctor in the Institute of History at the Jagiellonian University in the Department of Auxiliary Sciences of History. His scientific interests include the socio-economic history of the Polish Middle Ages: the history of towns and townsmen, and the history of the Church in medieval Poland – in particular the history of religious orders. He had published books, e.g., Das mit- telalterliche Krakau. Der Stadtrat im Herrschaftsgefüge der polnischen Metropole (Köln-Wien- 2015) and Collegium minus (Kraków 2015, co-author Dariusz Niemiec) and several articles: Le cult de Saint Bernardin de Sienne en Pologne médiévale dans l’optique du Liber miraculorum sancti Bernardini de Conrad de Freystadt (Paris 2014, co-author: Anna Zajchowska), Last Tribute to the . The Funeral Ceremony of the Polish King Kazimierz the Jagiellon (1492) in the Light of an Unknown Description (Turnhout 2014), Geschichte des Wappens der Cistercienserabte in Mogiła (Heiligenkreuz 2012), Il re, il vescovo ed il predicatore. Giovanni da Capestrano a Cracovia 1453–1454 (Roma 2011) and others.

Adam Szweda (PhD and habilitation in Toruń/Poland) is a professor at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń/Poland. He did his PhD on the topic of “Families of the Grzymała coat of arms in in the Middle Ages” (1998) and his Habilitation in the field of the history of the Teutonic Order with a monograph titled “Organization and Technique of Polish Diplomacy in Relations with the Teutonic Order in Prussia in the years 1386–1454.” The main fields of his inter- est are diplomacy in the Late Middle Ages, relations between Poland-Lithuania and the Teutonic Order in the 14–16th centuries and Prussian chronicles. He is the author or co-author of over 100 publications (books, articles and source editions). Many of them can be found at: https://torun-pl.academia.edu/ AdamSzweda

Grischa Vercamer Co-Editor of this volume. He is currently working as professor for regional studies (with special focus on the Medieval periods) in Chemnitz/Germany. He studied medieval and modern history, German literature and the archaeology of Central Europe in Berlin and Edinburgh from 1995 to 2002. He did his PhD at the Freie Universität in Berlin on a topic taken from the late medieval history of the Teutonic Order in Prussia (until 2007). From 2008 until 2014 he worked as a research assistant in Medieval History at the German Historical Institute in Warsaw and as a lecturer in Medieval History

- 9789004466555 Downloaded from Brill.com10/01/2021 11:00:05AM via free access Notes on Contributors xxi at the Europa-Universität Viadrina in /. In 2016 he submitted his Habilitation dealing with the perception of rulers and power among histo­ rians in the High Middle Ages in Frankfurt/Oder. From 2017 until 2019 he was working as principle investigator in an EU-project at the Tadeusz Manteuffel Institute of History of the Academy of Science in Warsaw/Poland on the posi- tion of a Professor of Medieval History. The project there addressed the percep- tions of the “Other” in German and Polish relations as viewed by chroniclers in the medieval period (which is similar to the title of the present volume). From 2018 until 2020 he worked as a replacement professor for Medieval History in Passau/Germany. His most important publications include: Administrative, Social and Settlement History of the Commandry of Königsberg (Kaliningrad) in Prussia from the 13th–16th centuries. [Siedlungs-, Verwaltungs- und Sozialgeschichte der Komturei Königsberg im Deutschordensland Preußen (13.–16. Jahrhundert), Marburg 2010 (672 pp., PhD)]; Perceptions of the Good and Bad Use of Power by Rulers in England, Poland and the Holy Roman Empire as Reflected in the Historiography of the 12th and 13th centuries (Hochmittelalterliche Herr­schaftspraxis im Spiegel der Geschichtsschreibung. Vorstellungen von »guter« und »schlechter« Herrschaft in England, Polen und dem Reich im 12./13. Jahrhundert (Quellen und Studien des Deutschen Historischen Instituts Warschau, Bd. 37), Wiesbaden 2020. (Habilitation, 792 pp.)]. In addition, he has edited seven conference volumes and written about 30 scholarly articles (cf. http://opac.regesta-imperii.de/lang_de/suche. php?qs=Grischa+Vercamer) dealing with his research interests: German his- tory, Polish history and the general history of Central Europe in the Middle Ages, the medieval history of military orders (esp. the Teutonic Order), the history of rule and power, the perception of the “Own” and the “Other” (Vorstellungsgeschichte), and lastly the history of chronicles and historiogra- phy in the Middle Ages.

Thomas Wünsch (PhD in /Germany, habilitation in Konstanz/Germany) is a pro- fessor of East Central Europe history at the university of Passau/Germany. He focuses in his research on the history and the culture of Poland, Bohemia, the Ukraine and Russia in Medieval and Modern periods. He has a wide variety of interests. His PhD has the title: “Spiritalis intellegentia. Zur allego- rischen Bibelinterpretation des Petrus Damiani” (1991) and his Habilitation: “Konziliarismus und Polen. Personen, Politik und Programme aus Polen zur Verfassungsfrage der Kirche in der Zeit der mittelalterlichen Reformkonzilien” ( 1998).

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KINGDOM OF Holy Roman Empire and Poland, Schleswig 10th/11th century DANISH Oldenburg Demmin Groß Raden Hamburg Groningen Lüneburg Bremen Havelberg DUCHY OF Osnabrück Utrecht Minden HOLLAND Münster Magdeburg Jüter- Gandersheim bog Paderborn Corvey Bruges Duisburg Antwerp Dortmund Rhine Merseburg Ghent DUCHY OF Naumburg Tournai LOW LORRAINE Erfurt Zeitz Liège Hersfeld Valenciennes Fulda Cambrai Koblenz DUCHY OF Frankfurt Bouillon Mainz Arlon Ingelheim Würzburg Soissons DUCHY OF Worms Reims UPPER LORRAINE Verdun Speyer Rothenburg NORDGAU Châlons Metz Seine Hirsau Regensburg Toul Eichstätt Strassburg Troyes Danube Ulm Freising Clairvaux Rhine DUCHY KINGDOM OF Lechfeld (955) OF FRANCE Salzburg Konstanz Dijon Besançon Basel Zürich St. Gallen DUCHY OF Autun Pontarlier Brenner Brixen Cluny Lausanne Mâcon St. Gotthard Geneva Loire KINGDOM OF Lyon BURGUNDY Trento Gr. St. Bernhard Vienne MARGRAVIATE LOMBARDY OF VERONA

Rhon Brescia Milan Verona Grenoble Mt. Cenis Venice Turin Pavia map 1 ValenceThe Holy Roman Empire and Poland, 10th/11th century.Po Map designed and © Peter Palm, Berlin/GermanyParma

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Arkona Słupsk PRUSSIANS Danzig/ Kołobrzeg Gdansk´ Truso Białogard Neman Wolin POMERANIA Wizna Culm/ Nakło Chełmno Ostrołeka˛ Narew MAZOVIA KIEVAN Bug RUS’ Lekno Kruszwica Płock Drohiczyn Gniezno Brest Poznan´ / Miedzyrzecz˛ Giecz Lubusz Łeczyca˛ Vistula Kalisz Sieradz Lublin Głogów Oder POLAND Bautzen / Breslau/ Wrocław Sandomierz Niemcza Opole Wislica´ Litomericeˇˇ Elbe SILESIA RED RUTHENIA Melnikˇ Mladá Boleslav Levy´ Crakow Stará Hradec Králové Racibórz Hradec Boleslav Biecz Przemysl´ LAND OF Prague Chrudim Kourimˇ CRAKOW Stary Sacz˛ Plzno DUCHY Olomouc OF MORAVIA Brno Znojmo Trencínˇ Uzhhorod

Passau MARGRAVIATE OF AUSTRIA Pressburg Nitra Linz Vienna Eger Esztergom Visegrád Danube Tisza Raab Buda DUCHY OF CARINTHIA KINGDOM OF HUNGARY Friesach Villach

Kranj

Ljubljana Sava Drava Kingdom of Germany Aquileia CRANIOLA Zagreb Marchs of the Empire Trieste MARCH Duchy of Poland at the beginning MARCH 0 50 100 km of Reign of . (960) OF ISTRIA Rijeka

Sirmium Belgrad

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map 2 The Holy Roman Empire and Poland around 1400. Map designed and © Peter Palm, Berlin/Germany

- 9789004466555 Downloaded from Brill.com10/01/2021 11:00:05AM via free access Maps Kowno xxv Wilno

Königsberg/Kaliningrad Wilna Minsk TEUTONIC ORDER

Danzig/Gdansk´ Elbing/Elblag˛ Grodna Marienburg/ Malbork Marienwerder/ Kwidzyn Wizna . Łomza GRAND DUCHY Thorn/ Torun´ Bielsk OF LITHUANIA Pinsk Kruszwica Gniezno Płock Brest Warsaw Poznan´ Sochaczew KINGDOM OF POLAND Kalisz Radom Lublin Lutsk Rivne . Lubiaz˛ Wielun Breslau/ Bełz/Belz Neu- Wrocław Sandomierz markt/ Checiny˛ Krzemieniec/ Sroda´ Brzeg Opole Kremenets Bytom Kłodzko Neisse/Nysa Lwów/Lviv SILESIAN Crakow Tarnów Przemysl´ Trembowla/ PRINCIPALITIES Terebovia Cieszyn/ Halicz/Halych Olomouc Tešínˇ MARGRAVIATE OF MORAVIA Brno

Pressburg

Vienna Visegrád Esztergom Buda KINGDOM OF HUNGARY

Border of the Holy Roman Empire Border of Poland around 1370 Pécs Grand Duchy of Lithuania around 1398 Zagreb Kingdom of Hungary

0 50 100 km

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