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LEP Leaves a Legacy LEP leaves a legacy MICROPATTERNS GRAVITATION Innovative detector techniques The race to detect gravitational The universe's best-kept secret give improved performance pl4 waves gathers pace p 17 hits its 30th birthday pl9 econd Announcement http://www.nss-mic.org uclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference ^ 12th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Year! Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors Town & Country Radiation Detectors * Short Courses Resort and And Electronics: * Oral Presentations Applications in Physics, * Plenary and Parallel Sessions Convention Center Industry, Space * Poster Sessions and Medicine * Workshops San Diego, California * Social Events Physics, Engineering and * Companion Program Mathematical Aspects of November Medical Imaging Abstract Deadlines: April 20,2001 (NSS, MIC, SNPS) | 4-10,2001 June 15,2001 (Workshop) ******** Industrial Exhibi Bakersflel Oxnard 3 Los Angeles San Diegc&L£ALIF- Wui Pacific Meictcali Ocean General Chairman: Anthony Lavietes awrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East Avenue L-153 Livermore, California 94550 USA CONTENTS Covering current developments in high- energy physics and related fields worldwide CERN Courier is distributed to Member State governments, institutes and laboratories affiliated with CERN, and to their personnel. It is published monthly except January and August, in English and French editions. The views expressed are not necessarily those of the CERN management. CERN Editor: Gordon Fraser CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland E-mail [email protected] Fax +41 (22) 782 1906 Web http://www.cerncourier.com News editor: James Gillies COURIER VOLUME 41 NUMBER 2 MARCH 2001 Advisory Board: R Landua (Chairman), F Close, E Lillestol, H Hoffmann, C Johnson, K Potter, PSphicas Laboratory correspondents: Argonne National Laboratory (USA): D Ayres Brookhaven, National Laboratory (USA): PYamin *~H'C\ \ \ Cornell University (USA): D G Cassel DESY Laboratory (Germany): Ilka Flegel, PWaloschek Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (USA): Judy Jackson GSI Darmstadt (Germany): G Siegert INFN (ltaly):APascolini IHEP, Beijing (China): Qi Nading Jefferson Laboratory (USA): S Corneliussen . V 7 JINR Dubna (Russia): B Starchenko \/V"- U KEK National Laboratory (Japan): A Maki Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (USA): Christine Celata Los Alamos National Laboratory (USA): C Hoffmann HERA - B changes direction p8 Behind the LEP closure p26 Leprince-Ringuet tribute p36 NIKHEF Laboratory (Netherlands): Margriet van der Heijden Novosibirsk Institute (Russia): S Eidelman Orsay Laboratory (France): Anne-Marie Lutz News 5 PSI Laboratory (Switzerland): P-R Kettle Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK): Jacky Hutchinson Data Grid project gets EU funding. Experiments revisit the quark-gluon Saclay Laboratory (France): Elisabeth Locci soup. Moscow accelerator creates first beam. HERA-B finds a new IHEP, Serpukhov (Russia): Yu Ryabov Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (USA): M Riordan direction. JAERI/KEK project gets government approval. Physics TRIUMF Laboratory (Canada): M K Craddock meeting reflects Vietnam's prosperity. Scientists seek the secret of Produced for CERN by Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd start-up and spin-off success. CESR set to bow out ofB-particle IOP Publishing Ltd, Dirac House, Temple Back, Bristol BS16BE, UK Tel. +44 (0)117 929 7481 business. Canadian isotope source reaches maximum energy. E-mail [email protected] Web http://www.iop.org Astrowatch 13 Head of magazines: Richard Roe Sales manager: Justin Mafham Marketing manager: Tessa Edgecombe Features Art director: Andrew Giaquinto Micropattern detectors face up to a big future 14 Production controller: Kate Boothby Production editor: Lucy Farrar Improving the performance of radiation detectors Technical illustrator: Alison Tovey Advertising manager: Nicola Rylett Deputy advertising manager: Chris Thomas Listening for the music of gravity 17 Recruitment sales: Andrew Hardie and Jayne Purdy New gravity wave detectors begin operation Advertisement production: Katie Graham Product manager: So-Mui Cheung Advertising: Nicola Rylett, Chris Thomas, Giimpses of superhistory 19 Andrew Hardie or Jayne Purdy Looking back on 30 years of supersymmetry Tel. +44 (0)117 930 1027 E-mail [email protected] Fax +44 (0)117 930 1178 Strength in numbers: particie physics goes global 22 General distribution: Jacques Dallemagne, CERN, 1211 Geneva Planning major projects for the future 23, Switzerland. E-mail [email protected] In certain countries, to request copies or to make address changes, contact: Season of Higgs and melodrama 25 China: Chen Huaiwei, Institute of High-Energy Physics, P.O. Box A dramatic finish to the LEP era 918, Beijing, People's Republic of China Germany: Gabriela Heessel or Veronika Werschner, DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg 52. E-mail [email protected] DESY tackles physics in a rarefied atmosphere 29 Italy: Loredana Rum or Anna Pennacchietti, INFN, Caselia Postale 56, 00044 Frascati, Roma Unravelling problems in rare physics United Kingdom: Su Lockley, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire 0X11OQX. E-mail [email protected] USA/Canada: Janice Voss, Creative Mailing Services, P.O. Box 1147, People 34 St Charles, Illinois 60174. Tel. 630-377-1589. Fax 630-377-1569 Published by: European Laboratory for Particle Physics, CERN, Recruitment 40 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Tel. +41 (22) 767 6111 Telefax +41 (22) 767 65 55 USA: Controlled Circulation Periodicals postage paid at St Charles, Illinois Printed by: Warners (Midlands) pic, Bourne, Lincolnshire, UK ©2001 CERN ISSN 0304-288X Cover: Higgstogram- a candidate Higgs event seen by the L3 detector at CERN's LEP electron-positron collider. For the history of LEP's final year of operation, see p25. CERN Courier March 2001 3 Multichannel GS/s data acquisition systems used For more information, to be expensive. They also would fill up entire visit our Web site at www.acqiris.com instrument racks with power-hungry electronics. But no more. We have shrunk the size, lowered 1) Rackmount kit available the cost, reduced the power consumption and incorporated exceptional features such as clock synchronization and complete trigger distribution.1^ A single crate (no bigger than a desktop PC) can house up to 24 channels at 500MS/S or 1 GS/s when deploying an embedded processor, or up to It CCIl I' 28 channels (14 at 2GS/s) using a PCI interface. NEWS CERN Data Grid project gets EU funding Plans for the next genera­ queries on the data, includ­ tion of network-based ing the effect of dynamic information-handling sys­ usage patterns. A generic tems took a major step interface to various mass forward when the European storage management sys­ Union's Fifth Framework tems in use at different Grid Information Society sites will also be provided. Technologies programme The objective of the concluded negotiations to -fabric management work fund the Data Grid research package is to develop new and development project. automated system The project was submitted management techniques. to the EU by a consortium This will enable the deploy­ of 21 bodies involved in a ment of very large variety of sciences, from computing fabrics con­ high-energy physics to structed from tens of Earth observation and An initiative to build a prototype computer grid infrastructure for handling the thousands of mass-market biology, as well as data produced by experiments at CERN's LHC collider is well under way. Only components, with reduced computer sciences and one Tier 1 centre is shown here, but in fact there will be Tier 1 centres in systems administration and industry. CERN is the lead­ France, Italy, the Netherlands and the UK, with two or more Tier 2 regional operations costs. All ing and coordinating centres elsewhere in each country. A number of Tier 3 centres will be aspects of management partner in the project. implemented at university campus level, while Tier 4 centres will be located will be covered, from sys­ Starting from this year, inside research departments. tem installation and the Data Grid project will configuration through moni­ receive in excess of €9.8 million for three dedicated to data management and data toring, alarms and troubleshooting. years to develop middleware (software) to replication; WP 4, which will look at computing WP 8 aims to deploy and run distributed deploy applications on widely distributed fabric management; and WP 8, which will deal simulation, reconstruction and analysis computing systems. In addition to receiving with high-energy physics applications. Most of programs using Grid technology.This EU support, the enterprise is being substan­ the resources for WP 8 will come from the four package is central to the project because it tially underwritten by funding agencies from a major LHC experimental collaborations: is among those that enable the large-scale number of CERN's member states. Due to the ATLAS, CMS, ALICE and LHCb. testing of the middleware being developed large volume of data that it will produce, Other work will cover areas such as work­ by the other work package groups and it CERN's LHC collider will be an important load management (coordinated by the INFN provides the user requirements that drive the component of the Data Grid (June 2000 pl7) in Italy), monitoring and mass storage (coor­ definition of the architecture of the project. As far as CERN is concerned, this dinated in the UK by the PPARC funding Dozens of physicists, mostly from Europe, will programme of work will integrate well
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