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Vol25-Issue6.Pdf Vancouver Accelerator Conference Michael Craddock, Chairman of the Conference, and Accelerator Research Division Head at the TRIUMF Laboratory gives the opening address at the 1985 Particle Accelerator Conference in Vancouver. He and his colleagues are to be congratulated on the very smooth organization of such a large gathering. Anyone who contends that particle physics is conducted in an ivory tower, not contributing to other fields of science or to humanity at large, should have attended the 1985 Particle Accelerator Confer­ ence in Vancouver. Over a thou­ sand participants contributed 781 papers and only a fraction were actually related to accelerators for nigh energy physics. The majority of present developments are in the service of other fields of science, for alternative power sources, for medicine, for industrial applica­ tions, etc. Nevertheless, it is the spur of high energy physics that has dri­ ven accelerator technology along. As Burt Richter pointed out, in some fifty years since the first Cockcroft-Walton accelerators were built, accelerator physicists have increased peak machine energies by a factor of a million and have reduced the cost per GeV by a factor of over ten thou­ larly the machine diameter. ing problems, good cooling and sand. Conference Chairman Mike Though there are variants - with straightforward \)raddock rejoiced in his opening such as two-in-one (both beam ap­ manufacturing processes. Address that the contributions of ertures in a single yoke) or one-in- Paul Reardon reported on the al­ the accelerator community had one designs - there are essentially ternative high field type for which been so significantly recognized at two basic magnet types now un­ the initially separate proposals of the end of the last year with the der consideration. The superferric, Fermilab and of Brookhaven/ award of the Nobel Prize to accel­ low field type aims for simplicity Berkeley have now been amal­ erator physicist Simon van der and attendant low cost. Work on gamated in what is called 'Design Meer, jointly with Carlo Rubbia, their design (reported by Russ Hu- D'. They have built 4.5 m proto­ for his part in the success of the son) is at the Texas Accelerator types, 4 cm aperture, plus other CERN proton-antiproton Collider. Centre where most impressive prototypes for specific purposes, progress has been made for such and have been encouraged by the a newly created team. They have recent improvements in supercon­ The big machines built and tested a series of 1 m ductor cable quality (mentioned Maury Tigner, Head of the Cen­ and 7 m magnets, concentrating also in the recent story on HERA tral Design Group based at Berke­ mostly on a two-in-one design, at DESY, see June issue, page ley, gave an overview of progress and are now assembling a 28 m 179) giving 25 kA/mm2 rather than towards the US 20 TeV Supercon­ prototype (their aim is magnet the 18 kA/mm2 of the cable used ducting Super Collider, SSC. Their units 140 m long, including di- for the Fermilab Tevatron, which next major decision is the selec­ poles 105 m long, of which there makes higher fields accessible. Six tion of the type of magnet, which would be 1330 around the ring). 17 m magnets are now under con­ of course carries a host of other Magnet performance has been struction; they are one-in-one, 4 parameters in its wake - particu­ good with no training, no quench- cm bore, cold iron. CERN Courier, July/August 1985 223 The 1985 Particle Accelerator Conference gets underway. The Conference, the eleventh in the series (based in the USA prior to this excursion over the northern border), was held from 13 to 16 May, attracting over a thousand participants. A look at operational considera­ tions (Peter Liman) does not give a clear message on low field versus high field magnets for the SSC. The low field, larger ring would be some 5 to 10 per cent more ex­ pensive to operate. The high field is more susceptible to trouble from collective effects and from synchrotron radiation (new to pro­ ton machines) in cryogenic condi­ tions. Some experiments are planned on the Brookhaven 'Light Source' to give better estimates of the potential radiation problems. To retain its key attraction, how­ ever, the low field type will have to retain comparative simplicity of construction. As designs advance, it is not obvious that this will defi­ nitely be the case. Site selection for the SSC is the most 'political' of the project deci­ sions, apart of course from the overall project authorization. Jim Sanford described the present thinking on site l*ayout. A 'compos­ arcs, which will lead beams from the CERN proton-antiproton Colli­ ite' site has been invented in order the upgraded SLAC linac into colli­ der (Bas de Raad and Robin Lauck- to spell out the needs and get a sion, is complete and some 900 ner) and the Fermilab Tevatron (G feeling for costs. The Department bending magnets for the arcs are Dugan). The Collider performance of Energy has set up a selection available. The aim is to start com­ climbed to an integrated luminos­ procedure (involving outside missioning of the arcs in the au­ ity of almost 400 nb"1 in 1984 (see experts) and the hope is that the tumn of 1986. On the linac itself, page 229) and the current pro­ decision would be taken at the end the electron gun is giving over 5 x gramme of improvements - partic­ of 1986. If everything goes accord­ 1010 per bunch, the tiny damping ularly the construction of ACOL to ing to schedule, and authorization ring has stored 4 x 1010 electrons, give an order of magnitude im­ for the project is forthcoming, new focusing and guidance sys­ provement in the number of anti- construction could begin in 1988. tems are being installed and the protons stored per day (1012 rather Of the big machines already un­ klystron and SLED upgrade of the than 1011) and a change to six der construction, we have reported linac is meeting specification. bunch operation - should take the recently on LEP (May issue, page The TRISTAN 30 GeV electron- luminosity to about 4.4 x 1030 per 132), covered at the Conference by positron collider project at the cm2 per s with coasting beams at Herwig Schopper, and HERA (June Japanese KEK Laboratory was 315 GeV. The recent pulsed opera­ issue, page 179), covered by Bjorn mentioned in an overview of ac­ tion of the Collider sacrificed lumi­ Wiik. The Stanford Linear Collider, celerator projects in Japan by Y. nosity to take a look at higher to achieve 50 GeV electron-posi­ Hiras. The 2.5 GeV injector is oper­ collision energies (up to 450 GeV) tron collisions and to prepare the ating and the accumulation ring is and, in a very successful machine way for very high energy lepton now being commissioned. run, provided 95 hours of physics. colliders, was covered by S. Eck- News from the big machines Commissioning of the antipro- land. All the tunnelling for the two presently in operation concerned ton source at the Tevatron started 224 CERN Courier, July/August 1986 on 10 May. The antiproton yield scribed some of the new ideas microwave amplifier was achieved with the lithium lens in operation before (see, for example, Decem­ at the end of last year. The idea is has been measured as 3 x 10~5 ber issue 1984, page 436), and to use a low energy, high current per proton. Previously the de- several schemes remain in favour (few MeV, 1 kA) beam through a buncher ring was checked out with - particularly laser beat waves, wiggler to produce copious micro­ 8 GeV protons and beam was wake field and two-beam wave radiation (35 GHz) via the stored for the first time in April; schemes. FEL mechanism. This radiation now it is the turn of the accumula­ C. Joshi reviewed those involv­ then passes energy to a second tor ring where the stochastic cool­ ing access to the high accelerating beam by activating a high gradient ing systems are installed. The field of laser beams (1 TV/m trans­ structure. Such a structure has superconducting ring has been verse). A number of exploratory been made for the experiment (re­ tested as a storage ring with pro­ experiments are underway or pro­ quiring Swiss watch dexterity in tons and has held beam for four posed at the UK Rutherford Labo­ manufacture and assembly) and hours. The hope is that antipro- ratory, in Canada, and at UCLA tests should be underway at Liver- tons will be transferred to the and Los Alamos in the US. At more soon. If all goes well, there Tevatron in July and that the first UCLA a C02 laser experiment has are dreams of a 30 m prototype by proton-antiproton collisions will be achieved accelerating fields of up the end of the decade. observed in August. Operation is to 1 GV/m via beat waves in plas­ likely to be at energies up to 800 mas. Over the next few years it is GeV per beam, pushing to 1000 hoped to demonstrate acceleration Applications of accelerators in GeV later. of electron beams with such beat other areas of science waves. Joshi emphasized that this research with lasers will be fruitful If the above paragraphs are al­ Accelerator technologies for the in any case since the special char­ ready a cursory summary of the future acteristics of the laser fields will flood of information communi­ be applicable in other areas such cated at the Conference, we now While the above paragraphs as the focusing of beams, ion move to topics where the volume communicate that the accelerator guns and power sources.
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