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Nuclear Technology
Nuclear Technology Joseph A. Angelo, Jr. GREENWOOD PRESS NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY Sourcebooks in Modern Technology Space Technology Joseph A. Angelo, Jr. Sourcebooks in Modern Technology Nuclear Technology Joseph A. Angelo, Jr. GREENWOOD PRESS Westport, Connecticut • London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Angelo, Joseph A. Nuclear technology / Joseph A. Angelo, Jr. p. cm.—(Sourcebooks in modern technology) Includes index. ISBN 1–57356–336–6 (alk. paper) 1. Nuclear engineering. I. Title. II. Series. TK9145.A55 2004 621.48—dc22 2004011238 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright © 2004 by Joseph A. Angelo, Jr. All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2004011238 ISBN: 1–57356–336–6 First published in 2004 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.greenwood.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984). 10987654321 To my wife, Joan—a wonderful companion and soul mate Contents Preface ix Chapter 1. History of Nuclear Technology and Science 1 Chapter 2. Chronology of Nuclear Technology 65 Chapter 3. Profiles of Nuclear Technology Pioneers, Visionaries, and Advocates 95 Chapter 4. How Nuclear Technology Works 155 Chapter 5. Impact 315 Chapter 6. Issues 375 Chapter 7. The Future of Nuclear Technology 443 Chapter 8. Glossary of Terms Used in Nuclear Technology 485 Chapter 9. Associations 539 Chapter 10. -
NMD, National Security Issues Featured at 2001 April Meeting In
April 2001 NEWS Volume 10, No. 4 A Publication of The American Physical Society http://www.aps.org/apsnews NMD, National Security Issues Featured Phase I CPU Report to be at 2001 April Meeting in Washington Discussed at Attendees of the 2001 APS April include a talk on how the news me- Meeting, which returns to Wash- dia cover science by David April Meeting ington, DC, this year, should arrive Kestenbaum, a self-described “es- The first phase of a new Na- just in time to catch the last of the caped physicist who is hiding out tional Research Council report of cherry blossom season in between at National Public Radio,” and a lec- the Committee on the Physics of scheduled sessions and special ture on entangled photons for the Universe (CPU) will be the events. The conference will run quantum information by the Uni- topic of discussion during a spe- April 28 through May 1, and will versity of Illinois’ Paul Kwiat. Other cial Sunday evening session at the feature the latest results in nuclear scheduled topics include imaging APS April Meeting in Washing- physics, astrophysics, chemical the cosmic background wave back- ton, DC. The session is intended physics, particles and fields, com- ground, searching for extra to begin the process of collect- putational physics, plasma physics, dimensions, CP violation in B me- ing input from the scientific the physics of beams, and physics sons, neutrino oscillations, and the community on some of the is- history, among other subdisci- amplification of atoms and light in The White House and (inset) some of its famous fictional sues outlined in the draft report, plines. -
Title: the Distribution of an Illustrated Timeline Wall Chart and Teacher's Guide of 20Fh Century Physics
REPORT NSF GRANT #PHY-98143318 Title: The Distribution of an Illustrated Timeline Wall Chart and Teacher’s Guide of 20fhCentury Physics DOE Patent Clearance Granted December 26,2000 Principal Investigator, Brian Schwartz, The American Physical Society 1 Physics Ellipse College Park, MD 20740 301-209-3223 [email protected] BACKGROUND The American Physi a1 Society s part of its centennial celebration in March of 1999 decided to develop a timeline wall chart on the history of 20thcentury physics. This resulted in eleven consecutive posters, which when mounted side by side, create a %foot mural. The timeline exhibits and describes the millstones of physics in images and words. The timeline functions as a chronology, a work of art, a permanent open textbook, and a gigantic photo album covering a hundred years in the life of the community of physicists and the existence of the American Physical Society . Each of the eleven posters begins with a brief essay that places a major scientific achievement of the decade in its historical context. Large portraits of the essays’ subjects include youthful photographs of Marie Curie, Albert Einstein, and Richard Feynman among others, to help put a face on science. Below the essays, a total of over 130 individual discoveries and inventions, explained in dated text boxes with accompanying images, form the backbone of the timeline. For ease of comprehension, this wealth of material is organized into five color- coded story lines the stretch horizontally across the hundred years of the 20th century. The five story lines are: Cosmic Scale, relate the story of astrophysics and cosmology; Human Scale, refers to the physics of the more familiar distances from the global to the microscopic; Atomic Scale, focuses on the submicroscopic This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. -
Proton Tomography Through Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering
Proton Tomography Through Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering Xiangdong Ji1, 2, ∗ 1Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA 2INPAC, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China (Dated: November 7, 2018) Abstract In this prize talk, I recall some of the history surrounding the discovery of deeply virtual Compton scattering, and explain why it is an exciting experimental tool to obtain novel tomographic pictures of the nucleons at Jefferson Lab 12 GeV facility and the planned Electron-Ion Collider in the United States. arXiv:1605.01114v1 [hep-ph] 3 May 2016 ∗The 2016 Feshbach prize in theoretical nuclear physics talk given at APS April Meeting, Salt Lake City, Session U3: DNP Awards Session, Monday, April 18, 2016. The write-up is slightly expanded in details from the original talk. 1 It is certainly a great honor to have received the 2016 Herman Feshbach Prize in theoreti- cal nuclear physics by the American Physical Society (APS). I sincerely thank my colleagues in the Division of Nuclear Physics (DNP) to recognize the importance of some of the theoret- ical works I have done in the past, particularly their relevance to the experimental programs around the world. I. HERMAN FESHBACH AND ME Since this prize is in honor and memory of a great nuclear theorist, Herman Feshbach, it is fitting for me to start my talk by recalling some of my personal interactions with Herman. I first heard Feshbach back in 1982 when I was a freshman graduate student at Peking University before I knew anything about nuclear physics. -
William A. Fowler Papers
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt2d5nb7kj No online items Guide to the Papers of William A. Fowler, 1917-1994 Processed by Nurit Lifshitz, assisted by Charlotte Erwin, Laurence Dupray, Carlo Cossu and Jennifer Stine. Archives California Institute of Technology 1200 East California Blvd. Mail Code 015A-74 Pasadena, CA 91125 Phone: (626) 395-2704 Fax: (626) 793-8756 Email: [email protected] URL: http://archives.caltech.edu © 2003 California Institute of Technology. All rights reserved. Guide to the Papers of William A. Consult repository 1 Fowler, 1917-1994 Guide to the Papers of William A. Fowler, 1917-1994 Collection number: Consult repository Archives California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Contact Information: Archives California Institute of Technology 1200 East California Blvd. Mail Code 015A-74 Pasadena, CA 91125 Phone: (626) 395-2704 Fax: (626) 793-8756 Email: [email protected] URL: http://archives.caltech.edu Processed by: Nurit Lifshitz, assisted by Charlotte Erwin, Laurence Dupray, Carlo Cossu and Jennifer Stine Date Completed: June 2000 Encoded by: Francisco J. Medina. Derived from XML/EAD encoded file by the Center for History of Physics, American Institute of Physics as part of a collaborative project (1999) supported by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities. © 2003 California Institute of Technology. All rights reserved. Descriptive Summary Title: William A. Fowler papers, Date (inclusive): 1917-1994 Collection number: Consult repository Creator: Fowler, William A., 1911-1995 Extent: 94 linear feet Repository: California Institute of Technology. Archives. Pasadena, California 91125 Abstract: These papers document the career of William A. Fowler, who served on the physics faculty at California Institute of Technology from 1939 until 1982. -
Vol25-Issue6.Pdf
Vancouver Accelerator Conference Michael Craddock, Chairman of the Conference, and Accelerator Research Division Head at the TRIUMF Laboratory gives the opening address at the 1985 Particle Accelerator Conference in Vancouver. He and his colleagues are to be congratulated on the very smooth organization of such a large gathering. Anyone who contends that particle physics is conducted in an ivory tower, not contributing to other fields of science or to humanity at large, should have attended the 1985 Particle Accelerator Confer ence in Vancouver. Over a thou sand participants contributed 781 papers and only a fraction were actually related to accelerators for nigh energy physics. The majority of present developments are in the service of other fields of science, for alternative power sources, for medicine, for industrial applica tions, etc. Nevertheless, it is the spur of high energy physics that has dri ven accelerator technology along. As Burt Richter pointed out, in some fifty years since the first Cockcroft-Walton accelerators were built, accelerator physicists have increased peak machine energies by a factor of a million and have reduced the cost per GeV by a factor of over ten thou larly the machine diameter. ing problems, good cooling and sand. Conference Chairman Mike Though there are variants - with straightforward \)raddock rejoiced in his opening such as two-in-one (both beam ap manufacturing processes. Address that the contributions of ertures in a single yoke) or one-in- Paul Reardon reported on the al the accelerator community had one designs - there are essentially ternative high field type for which been so significantly recognized at two basic magnet types now un the initially separate proposals of the end of the last year with the der consideration. -
Arxiv:1211.4061V3 [Physics.Hist-Ph] 8 Feb 2013
From cosmic ray physics to cosmic ray astronomy: Bruno Rossi and the opening of new windows on the universe Luisa Bonolis Via Cavalese 13 – 00135 Rome, Italy [email protected] Abstract Bruno Rossi is considered one of the fathers of modern physics, being also a pioneer in virtually every aspect of what is today called high-energy astrophysics. At the beginning of 1930s he was the pioneer of cosmic ray research in Italy, and, as one of the leading actors in the study of the nature and behavior of the cosmic radiation, he witnessed the birth of particle physics and was one of the main investigators in this fields for many years. While cosmic ray physics moved more and more towards astrophysics, Rossi continued to be one of the inspirers of this line of research. When outer space became a reality, he did not hesitate to leap into this new scientific dimension. Rossi’s intuition on the importance of exploiting new technological windows to look at the universe with new eyes, is a fundamental key to understand the profound unity which guided his scientific research path up to its culminating moments at the beginning of 1960s, when his group at MIT performed the first in situ measurements of the density, speed and direction of the solar wind at the boundary of Earth’s magnetosphere, and when he promoted the search for extra-solar sources of X rays. A visionary idea which eventually led to the breakthrough experiment which discovered Scorpius X-1 in 1962, and inaugurated X-ray astronomy. -
Works of Love
reader.ad section 9/21/05 12:38 PM Page 2 AMAZING LIGHT: Visions for Discovery AN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM IN HONOR OF THE 90TH BIRTHDAY YEAR OF CHARLES TOWNES October 6-8, 2005 — University of California, Berkeley Amazing Light Symposium and Gala Celebration c/o Metanexus Institute 3624 Market Street, Suite 301, Philadelphia, PA 19104 215.789.2200, [email protected] www.foundationalquestions.net/townes Saturday, October 8, 2005 We explore. What path to explore is important, as well as what we notice along the path. And there are always unturned stones along even well-trod paths. Discovery awaits those who spot and take the trouble to turn the stones. -- Charles H. Townes Table of Contents Table of Contents.............................................................................................................. 3 Welcome Letter................................................................................................................. 5 Conference Supporters and Organizers ............................................................................ 7 Sponsors.......................................................................................................................... 13 Program Agenda ............................................................................................................. 29 Amazing Light Young Scholars Competition................................................................. 37 Amazing Light Laser Challenge Website Competition.................................................. 41 Foundational -
Curriculum Vitae Paul T. P. Ho
Curriculum Vitae Paul T. P. Ho Address: Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building, AS/NTU No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan [email protected] Positions: 2015- Director James Clerk Maxwell Telescope 2014- Director General East Asian Observatory 2021- Corresponding Fellow 2002-2021 Distinguished Research Fellow 2005-2014 Director 2002-2003 Director Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2011- Greenland Telescope Principal Investigator 2019-2021 ELT/METIS Co-Investigator 2013-2018 ERG-Taiwan Principal Investigator 2005-2015 ALMA-Taiwan Principal Investigator 2002-2014 AMiBA Principal Investigator 2005-2014 SMA-Taiwan Principal Investigator 2008-2014 Subaru HSC-Taiwan Principal Investigator 2011-2014 SUMIRE/PFS-Taiwan Principal Investigator 2015-2018 Distinguished Visiting Fellow Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute 1989-2015 Senior Astrophysicist 1989-2005 SMA Project Scientist Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory 1 2018- Joint Professor of Physics National Cheng Kung University 2006- Adjunct Professor of Physics National Tsing Hua University 2003- Adjunct Professor of Astronomy National Central University 2003-2015 Joint Professor of Physics National Taiwan University 1986-1990 Associate Professor of Astronomy 1982-1986 Assistant Professor of Astronomy Harvard University 1979-1982 Miller Fellow, Research Associate Radio Astronomy Laboratory University of California, Berkeley 1977-1979 Research Associate Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory -
Bruno Benedetto Rossi
Intellectuals Displaced from Fascist Italy Firenze University Press 2019- Bruno Benedetto Rossi Go to personal file When he was expelled from the Università di Padova in 1938, the professor Link to other connected Lives on the move: of experimental physics from the Arcetri school was 33 years old, with an extraordinary international reputation and contacts and experiments abroad, Vinicio Barocas Sergio De Benedetti and had just married. With his young wife Nora Lombroso, he emigrated at Laura Capon Fermi Enrico Fermi once: first to Copenhagen, then to Manchester, and in June 1939 to the Guglielmo Ferrero United States. where their children were born. America, from the outset, was Leo Ferrero Nina Ferrero Raditsa his goal. Correspondence with New York and London reveals from Cesare Lombroso Gina Lombroso Ferrero September 1938 almost a competition to be able to have «one of the giants» Nora Lombroso Rossi of physics in the 20th century, whom fascism was hounding for the so-called Giuseppe (Beppo) Occhialini defence of the race. He was reappointed at the Università di Palermo in 1974, Leo Pincherle Maurizio Pincherle at the age of 70, when he was by then retired from MIT. Giulio Racah Bogdan Raditsa (Radica) Gaetano Salvemini Education Bruno was the eldest of three sons of Rino Rossi (1876-1927), an engineer who worked on the electrification of Venice, and of Lina Minerbi, from Ferrara (1868-1967). After attending the Marco Polo high school in Venice, he enrolled at the Università di Padova, and then at Bologna, where he graduated on 28 December 1927,1 defending a thesis in experimental physics on imperfect contacts between metals. -
Vol. 6 No. 14 ... Enrico Fermi, Distinguished Physicist, Whose Name Will Head Illinois Research Laboratory ••• ... H. Ande
Vol. 6 No. 14 April11, 1974 The National Accelerator Laboratory will become the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory at a dedication cere mony to be held at the Laboratory on Saturday, May 11, 1974. The plan to change the name of the Laboratory was announced on April 29, 1969 by Glenn T. Seaborg, then chair man of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. It was understood then that the dedication and the changing of the name would take place when construction was complete. May of 1974 will find the Laboratory close to completion and running strongly in all areas. In announcing the AEC's plans, Seaborg said in 1969: ... Enrico Fermi, distinguished "It is particularly fitting that we honor Dr. Fermi in this physicist, whose name will head manner, for in so doing we further acknowledge his many con Illinois research laboratory ••• tributions to the progress of nuclear science, particularly his work on nuclear processes. Enrico Fermi was a physicist of great renown who contributed in a most significant way to the defense and welfare of his adopted land and to the enhancement of its intellectual well-being. His greatest achievement, the first sustained nuclear chain reaction, took place in a small laboratory in Chicago. It seems sin gularly appropriate, therefore, that the Federal Government recognize the memory of a man who was at the forefront of science in his day by naming in his honor a laboratory near Chicago -- a laboratory which will have a major internationa: impact on our understanding of the basic structure of matter." ... H. Anderson, student and long-time Enrico Fermi was born in Rome, Italy, on September 29, colleague of Fermi, on visit to NAL 1901. -
Early Reactors from Fermi’S Water Boiler to Novel Power Prototypes
Early Reactors From Fermi’s Water Boiler to Novel Power Prototypes by Merle E. Bunker n the urgent wartime period of the Canyon. Fuel for the reactor consumed the morning and then spend his afternoons down Manhattan Project, research equip- country’s total supply of enriched uranium at the reactor. He always analyzed the data ment was being hurriedly com- (14 percent uranium-235). To help protect as it was being collected. He was very I mandeered for Los Alamos from uni- this invaluable material, two machine-gun insistent on this point and would stop an versities and other laboratories. This equip- posts were located at the site. experiment if he did not feel that the results ment was essential for obtaining data vital to The reactor (Fig. 1) was called LOPO (for made sense.” On the day that LOPO the design of the first atomic bomb. A nuclear low power) because its power output was achieved criticality, in May 1944 after one reactor, for example, was needed for checking virtually zero. This feature simplified its final addition of enriched uranium, Fermi critical-mass calculations and for measuring design and construction and eliminated the was at the controls. fission cross sections and neutron capture and need for shielding. The liquid fuel, an LOPO served the purposes for which it scattering cross sections of various materials, aqueous solution of enriched uranyl sulfate, had been intended: determination of the particularly those under consideration as was contained in a l-foot-diameter stainless- critical mass of a simple fuel configuration moderators and reflectors.