Feasibility Studies for Open Charm Measurements with NA61/SHINE Experiment at CERN-SPS
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Strangeness and the Discovery of Quark Gluon
STRANGENESS AND THE DISCOVERY OF QUARK GLUON PLASMA Bloomington, November 30, 2004 Decon¯nement of quarks and gluons into a plasma (QGP) at high temperature is a predicted paradigm shifting feature of strong interactions. The production of strange particles in relativistic heavy ion collisions at CERN and BNL con¯rms that a new phase of matter with the expected properties is being formed. I will survey the key theoretical predictions and the related experimental results. Time permitting, I will discuss how the newly gained knowledge leads to the study of the hot nearly matter-antimatter symmetric post quark-gluon Universe. +50% of content is for STUDENTS. BONUS material after 50 transparencies: THE QUARK UNIVERSE Supported by a grant from the U.S. Department of Energy, DE-FG02-04ER41318 Johann Rafelski Department of Physics University of Arizona TUCSON, AZ, USA 1 J. Rafelski, Arizona STRANGENESS AND THE DISCOVERY OF QUARK GLUON PLASMA Bloomington, November 30, 2004,page 2 EXPERIMENTAL HEAVY ION PROGRAM | LHC CERN: LHC opens after 2007 and SPS resumes after 2009 J. Rafelski, Arizona STRANGENESS AND THE DISCOVERY OF QUARK GLUON PLASMA Bloomington, November 30, 2004,page 3 ...and at BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider: RHIC J. Rafelski, Arizona STRANGENESS AND THE DISCOVERY OF QUARK GLUON PLASMA Bloomington, November 30, 2004,page 4 BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY 12:00 o’clock PHOBOS BRAHMS 10:00 o’clock 2:00 o’clock RHIC PHENIX 8:00 o’clock STAR 4:00 o’clock 6:00 o’clock Design Parameters: Beam Energy = 100 GeV/u U-line 9 GeV/u No. -
Collaboration Agreement on the Transfer, Use and Responsibility for the ALICE Collaboration TPC Read-Out Electronics by the NA61/SHINE Collaboration
Collaboration Agreement on the transfer, use and responsibility for the ALICE Collaboration TPC read-out electronics by the NA61/SHINE Collaboration (hereinafter referred to as the “Agreement”) between THE EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH (hereinafter referred to as “CERN”), an Intergovernmental Organization with its seat at Geneva, Switzerland, Host laboratory of the ALICE and NA61/SHINE experiments, represented by its Director for Research and Computing, Eckhard Elsen and THE INSTITUTIONS OF THE ALICE COLLABORATION (hereinafter referred to as “ALICE”), represented by the Spokesperson, Federico Antinori and THE INSTITUTIONS OF THE NA61 COLLABORATION (hereinafter referred to as “NA61/SHINE”), represented by the Spokesperson, Marek Gazdzicki CERN, ALICE and NA61/SHINE are hereinafter collectively referred to as the “Parties” or individually as “Party”. TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE FOLLOWING CONSIDERATIONS: - The “Memorandum” dated March 15, 2016 sent by the NA61/SHINE spokesperson to the ALICE spokesperson on behalf of the Collaboration Board of NA61/SHINE; - The reply dated May 3, 2016 sent by the ALICE spokesperson to the NA61/SHINE spokesperson; - The status and plans of NA61/SHINE related to the Agreement as summarized in Annex I. THE PARTIES HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS: Article 1 – Scope of the Agreement ALICE shall make available the ALICE TPC read-out electronics and the gate pulser system as listed in Annex II (hereinafter referred to as “Equipment”) for use by NA61/SHINE for the exclusive purpose of the NA61/SHINE Experiment. As from the Equipment Transfer Dates defined in Article 2, NA61/SHINE shall be liable to ALICE and CERN as the Host Laboratory for the fulfillment of all obligations, which may exist with respect to the Equipment. -
Hagedorn's Hadron Mass Spectrum and the Onset of Deconfinement
Hagedorn’s Hadron Mass Spectrum and the Onset of Deconfinement∗ Marek Gazdzicki´ and Mark I. Gorenstein Abstract A brief history of the observation of the onset of deconfinement - the beginning of the creation of quark gluon plasma in nucleus-nucleus collisions with increasing collision energy - is presented. It starts with the measurement of hadron mass spectrum and the Hagedorn’s hypothesis of the limiting temperature of hadronic matter (the Hagedorn temperature). Then the conjecture that the Hage- dorn temperature is the phase transition temperature was formulated with the crucial Hagedorn participation. It was confirmed by the observation of the onset of decon- finement in lead-lead collisions at the CERN SPS energies. 1 Hadron Mass Spectrum and the Hagedorn Temperature A history of multi-particle production started with discoveries of hadrons, first in cosmic-ray experiments and soon after in experiments using beams of particles produced in accelerators. Naturally, the first hadrons, discovered in collisions of cosmic-ray particles, were the lightest ones, pion, kaon and L. With the rapid ad- vent of particle accelerators new particles were uncovered almost day-by-day. There are about 1000 hadronic states known so far. Their density in mass r(m) increases approximately exponentially as predicted by the Hagedorn’s Statistical Bootstrap Model [1] formulated in 1965: r(m) = const m−a exp(bm) : (1) In the case of point-like hadron states this leads to a single-particle partition func- tion: p ! V Z ¥ Z ¥ k2 + m2 Z(T;V) = dm k2dk exp − r(m) ; (2) arXiv:1502.07684v1 [nucl-th] 26 Feb 2015 2 2p mp 0 T Marek: Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany; and Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland Mark: Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kiev, Ukraine; and Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Frankfurt, Germany ∗Chapter in: R. -
Arxiv:Hep-Ph/9910363 V1 15 Oct 1999
Evidence for Quark Gluon Plasma from Hadron Production ∗ in High Energy Nuclear Collisions Marek Ga´zdzicki Institut f¨ur Kernphysik, University of Frankfurt August Euler Str. 6, D–60486 Frankfurt, Germany The experimental results on the pion, strangeness and J/ψ produc- tion in high energy nuclear collisions are discussed. The anomalous energy dependence of pion and strangeness production is consistent with the hy- pothesis that a transition to a deconfined phase takes place between the top AGS ( 15 A GeV) and the SPS ( 200 A GeV) energies. The J/ψ pro- duction≈ systematics· at the SPS can≈ be understood· assuming that the J/ψ mesons are created at hadronization according to the available hadronic phase space. This new interpretation of the J/ψ data allows one to es- tablish a coherent picture of high energy nuclear collisions based on the statistical approaches of the collision early stage and hadronization. Sur- prisingly, the statistical model of strong interactions is successful even in the region reserved up to now for pQCD based models. PACS numbers: 24.85.+p 1. Introduction arXiv:hep-ph/9910363 v1 15 Oct 1999 The basic motivation for a broad experimental program of nucleus– nucleus (A+A) collisions at high energies is the search for the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) [1]. An impressive set of experimental data has been col- lected during the last decades and many unexpected phenomena have been discovered [2]. The results indicate surprising scaling behaviours which find a natural interpretation within statistical models of the early stage of the collision [3] as well as the hadronization [4, 5]. -
From P+ P to Pb+ Pb Collisions: Wounded Nucleon Versus
From p+p to Pb+Pb Collisions: Wounded Nucleon versus Statistical Models Marek Gazdzicki∗ Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany and Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland E-mail: [email protected] System size dependence of hadron production properties is discussed within the Wounded Nu- cleon Model and the Statistical Model in the grand canonical, canonical and micro-canonical for- mulations. Similarities and differences between predictions of the models related to the treatment of conservation laws are exposed. A need for models which would combine a hydrodynamical- like expansion with conservation laws obeyed in individual collisions is stressed. arXiv:1306.5919v2 [nucl-th] 8 Jul 2013 8th International Workshop on Critical Point and Onset of Deconfinement March 11-15, 2013 Napa, California, USA ∗Speaker. c Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike Licence. http://pos.sissa.it/ From p+p to Pb+Pb Collisions: Wounded Nucleon versus Statistical Models Marek Gazdzicki high stat. with new vertex detector Pb+Pb 2017/18/19 detailed scan with existing detector Pb+Pb 2017 system size Xe+La 2016 Ar+Ca 2015 Be+Be 2011/12/13 p+Pb 2012 /14 p+p 2009/10/11 13 20 30 40 80 160 beam energy [A GeV] Figure 1: The NA61/SHINE data taking schedule for the ion program. The already registered reactions are indicated by green squares, whereas the approved future data taking and the proposed extension of the program are shown in red and gray, respectively. 1. Introduction This work is motivated by the NA61/SHINE ion program [1, 2] in which hadron production properties are studied as a function of size of colliding nuclei and their collision energy. -
Evidence for Quark Gluon Plasma from Hadron Production in High Energy Nuclear Collisions ∗ Marek Ga´Zdzicki
Evidence for Quark Gluon Plasma from Hadron Production in High Energy Nuclear Collisions ∗ Marek Ga´zdzicki Institut f¨ur Kernphysik, University of Frankfurt August Euler Str. 6, D–60486 Frankfurt, Germany The experimental results on the pion, strangeness and J= produc- tion in high energy nuclear collisions are discussed. The anomalous energy dependence of pion and strangeness production is consistent with the hy- pothesis that a transition to a deconfined phase takes place between the top AGS ( 15 A GeV) and the SPS ( 200 A GeV) energies. The J= pro- duction≈ systematics· at the SPS can≈ be understood· assuming that the J= mesons are created at hadronization according to the available hadronic phase space. This new interpretation of the J= data allows one to es- tablish a coherent picture of high energy nuclear collisions based on the statistical approaches of the collision early stage and hadronization. Sur- prisingly, the statistical model of strong interactions is successful even in the region reserved up to now for pQCD based models. PACS numbers: 24.85.+p 1. Introduction The basic motivation for a broad experimental program of nucleus– nucleus (A+A) collisions at high energies is the search for the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) [1]. An impressive set of experimental data has been col- lected during the last decades and many unexpected phenomena have been discovered [2]. The results indicate surprising scaling behaviours which find a natural interpretation within statistical models of the early stage of the collision [3] as well as the hadronization [4, 5]. Within this framework one concludes that the results are consistent with the hypothesis of a QGP cre- ation in A+A collisions at the SPS [3]. -
Postdoctoral Position in Experimental High Energy Physics Deadline On
Postdoctoral position in Experimental High Energy Physics Deadline on November 30, 2019 Job description: Applications are invited for a postdoctoral research position in the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce in the Experimental High Energy Nuclear Physics group. The group has an active program of participation in the NA61/SHINE experiment ( http://shine.web.cern.ch/ ) at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. NA61/SHINE conducted the world unique scan in collision energy and nuclear mass number of colliding nuclei. The aim is to study properties of strongly interacting matter under extreme conditions. The successful candidate will have demonstrated initiative and accomplishments, to work on the physics data analysis and interpretation, have completed a Ph.D. in particle physics or related field, and have a strong motivation to participate in NA61/SHINE data analysis and calibration. The position is available starting from the 1st of December 2019. It is based at the Jan Kochanowski University campus; but there will be opportunities for travel to CERN. The position is available for a 3-year period, the employment will be realized upon an employment contract and the salary is 8 000 PLN gross per month and has high buying power in Kielce. Candidates should send a resume, a description of research interests and two letters of reference to [email protected]. For information about the position send email to [email protected]. The review of applications will begin on 1st November 2019, but applications will be accepted until the position is filled. Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce wishes to reflect the diversity of society and welcomes applications from all qualified candidates regardless of personal background. -
PROPOSAL for a Silicon Vertex Tracker (VTX) for the PHENIX Experiment Proposal for a Silicon Vertex Tracker (VTX) for the PHENIX Experiment
PROPOSAL for a Silicon Vertex Tracker (VTX) for the PHENIX Experiment Proposal for a Silicon Vertex Tracker (VTX) for the PHENIX Experiment M. Baker, R. Nouicer, R. Pak, P. Steinberg Brookhaven National Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Upton, NY 11973-5000, USA Z. Li Brookhaven National Laboratory, Instrumentation Division, Upton, NY 11973-5000, USA J.S. Haggerty, J.T. Mitchel, C.L. Woody Brookhaven National Laboratory, Physics Department, Upton, NY 11973-5000, USA A.D. Frawley Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA J. Crandall, J.C. Hill, J.G. Lajoie, C.A. Ogilvie, H. Pei, J. Rak, G.Skank, S. Skutnik, G. Sleege, G. Tuttle Iowa State University, Ames, IA 56011, USA M. Tanaka High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan. N. Saito, M. Togawa Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan H.W. van Hecke, G.J. Kunde, D.M. Lee, M. J. Leitch, P.L. McGaughey, W.E. Sondheim Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA T. Kawasaki, K. Fujiwara Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan T.C. Awes, M. Bobrek, C.L. Britton, W.L. Bryan, K.N. Castleberry, V. Cianciolo, Y.V. Efremenko, K.F. Read, D.O. Silvermyr, P.W. Stankus, A.L. Wintenberg, G.R. Young Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA Y. Akiba, H. En’yo, Y. Goto, J.M. Heuser, H. Kano, H. Ohnishi, V. Rykov, T. Tabaru, K.Tanida, J. Tojo RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research,) Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan A. Deshpande RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, USA S. -
Hagedorn's Hadron Mass Spectrum and the Onset of Deconfinement
Chapter 11 Hagedorn’s Hadron Mass Spectrum and the Onset of Deconfinement Marek Ga´zdzicki and Mark I. Gorenstein Abstract A brief history of the observation of the onset of deconfinement—the beginning of the creation of quark-gluon plasma in nucleus–nucleus collisions with increasing collision energy—is presented. It starts with the measurement of the hadron mass spectrum and Hagedorn’s hypothesis of the limiting temperature of hadronic matter (the Hagedorn temperature). Then the conjecture that the Hagedorn temperature is the phase transition temperature was formulated with the crucial Hagedorn participation. It was confirmed by the observation of the onset of deconfinement in lead–lead collisions at the CERN SPS energies. 11.1 Hadron Mass Spectrum and the Hagedorn Temperature A history of multi-particle production started with the discoveries of hadrons, first in cosmic-ray experiments and soon after in experiments using beams of particles produced in accelerators. Naturally, the first hadrons, discovered in collisions of cosmic-ray particles, were the lightest ones, pion, kaon and . With the rapid advent of particle accelerators new particles were uncovered almost daily. About 1,000 hadronic states are known so far. Their density in mass .m/ increases approxi- mately exponentially as predicted by Hagedorn’s Statistical Bootstrap Model [1] formulated in 1965: .m/ D const ma exp.bm/: (11.1) M. Ga´zdzicki () Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland M.I. Gorenstein () Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kiev, Ukraine Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Frankfurt, Germany © The Author(s) 2016 87 J. Rafelski (ed.), Melting Hadrons, Boiling Quarks – From Hagedorn Temperature to Ultra-Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions at CERN, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-17545-4_11 88 M. -
Strong Correlations in Dense Matter
Eur. Phys. J. Special Topics 229, 3303{3309 (2020) c EDP Sciences, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, THE EUROPEAN part of Springer Nature, 2020 PHYSICAL JOURNAL https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2020-000326-x SPECIAL TOPICS Editorial Strong correlations in dense matter D. Blaschke1,2,3 ,a, T. Fischer1, and L. Turko1 1 Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Wroc law, 50-204 Wroc law, Poland 2 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980, Dubna, Russia 3 National Research Nuclear University (MEPhI), 115409 Moscow, Russia Received 28 November / Accepted 28 November 2020 Published online 21 December 2020 Abstract. We walk the reader through the selected research topics in the field of strong correlations in dense matter that are collected in this special issue, from their theoretical basis to applications in explaining heavy-ion collision experiments and superdense matter in neutron stars and their mergers. This special issue of the European Journal of Physics: Special Topics gathers 26 articles that emerged from the 40th Max Born Symposium \Three Days on Strong Correlations in Dense Matter" which was organized jointly by the Institute of Theo- retical Physics (University of Wroclaw), the Helmholtz International Centre for FAIR, and the Wroclaw Branch of the Polish Academy of Science. This Symposium took place in Wroclaw in the period October 9{12, 2019, and had an interdisciplinary character, addressing questions related with the phase structure of hot and dense matter determined by strong correlations such as bound states and condensates. These phenomena are studied in the theory and in phenomenological applications to thermonuclear fusion and heavy-ion collision experiments as well as to (exo)planets, supernova explosions, neutron stars, and their mergers. -
A Golden Anniversary for the PS
I n t e r n at I o n a l Jo u r n a l o f HI g H -en e r g y PH y s I c s CERN COURIERV o l u m e 49 nu m b e r 9 n o V e m b e r 2009 A golden anniversary for the PS FACILITIES FIRST BEAM HEAVY IONS Towards a future A look back to the NA60 on the trail of electron–ion collider p13 start-up of LEP p23 thermal dileptons p31 CCNov09Cover.indd 1 13/10/09 10:41:35 Untitled-1 1 12/10/09 11:21:56 CONTENTS Covering current developments in high- energy physics and related fields worldwide CERN Courier is distributed to member-state governments, institutes and laboratories affiliated with CERN, and to their personnel. It is published monthly, except for January and August. The views expressed are not necessarily those of the CERN management. Editor Christine Sutton Editorial assistant Carolyn Lee CERN CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland E-mail [email protected] Fax +41 (0) 22 785 0247 Web cerncourier.com Advisory board James Gillies, Rolf Landua and Maximilian Metzger COURIERo l u m e u m b e r o V e m b e r Laboratory correspondents: V 49 N 9 N 2009 Argonne National Laboratory (US) Cosmas Zachos Brookhaven National Laboratory (US) P Yamin Cornell University (US) D G Cassel DESY Laboratory (Germany) Ilka Flegel, Ute Wilhelmsen EMFCSC (Italy) Anna Cavallini Enrico Fermi Centre (Italy) Guido Piragino Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (US) Judy Jackson Forschungszentrum Jülich (Germany) Markus Buescher GSI Darmstadt (Germany) I Peter IHEP, Beijing (China) Tongzhou Xu IHEP, Serpukhov (Russia) Yu Ryabov INFN (Italy) Romeo Bassoli Jefferson Laboratory (US) Steven Corneliussen JINR Dubna (Russia) B Starchenko KEK National Laboratory (Japan) Youhei Morita Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (US) Spencer Klein Taking gradients to new limits p5 A night in November p19 Herwig Schopper at 85 p36 Los Alamos National Laboratory (US) C Hoffmann Nikhef (Netherlands) Paul de Jong Novosibirsk Institute (Russia) S Eidelman News 5 NSCL (US) Geoff Koch Orsay Laboratory (France) Anne-Marie Lutz US industry-built ILC cavity reaches 41 MV/m. -
The Net Closes in on | H | Quark-Gluon Plasma Mm
The net closes in on |H| quark-gluon plasma mm The search for quark-gluon plasma - the state of deconfined strongly interacting matter - received a big boost in the 1990s with the acceleration of heavy ions in the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN. Measurements from several experiments, when taken together, implied that matter with unusual properties appeared to be formed in the early stage of the collisions. Now results at different energies from experiments at CERN and RHIC have provided further evidence for the long-sought quark-gluon plasma and encouraged the study of its properties at the Large-Hadron Collider. Vs^-7.5 GeV. This prediction triggered a new experimental pro gramme at the SPS - the energy scan programme - in which the Has the NA49 experiment recorded head-on (central) collisions of two lead nuclei (Pb+Pb) at several energies, VsNN = 6.3, 7.6, 8.7 and 12.3 GeV. Other heavy-ion experiments at the SPS (NA45, NA50, NA57 and NA60) participated in selected runs of the programme. deconfinement Recently published results from the energy scan, obtained mainly by the NA49 collaboration, have confirmed expectations. They indi cate that rapid changes of hadron production properties occur within a narrow energy range of VsNN= 7-12 GeV (V Friese et ai phase transition 2003). The figure on page 18 shows these latest results, together with earlier data from the SPS and the AGS, and data from the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC). Data from proton-proton col lisions are also included for comparison. The top panel of the figure been seen? shows that the number of pions produced per nucléon participating in the collision increases with energy as expected in both proton- New results from the NA49 experiment proton and nucleus-nucleus reactions.