Strong Correlations in Dense Matter
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Strangeness and the Discovery of Quark Gluon
STRANGENESS AND THE DISCOVERY OF QUARK GLUON PLASMA Bloomington, November 30, 2004 Decon¯nement of quarks and gluons into a plasma (QGP) at high temperature is a predicted paradigm shifting feature of strong interactions. The production of strange particles in relativistic heavy ion collisions at CERN and BNL con¯rms that a new phase of matter with the expected properties is being formed. I will survey the key theoretical predictions and the related experimental results. Time permitting, I will discuss how the newly gained knowledge leads to the study of the hot nearly matter-antimatter symmetric post quark-gluon Universe. +50% of content is for STUDENTS. BONUS material after 50 transparencies: THE QUARK UNIVERSE Supported by a grant from the U.S. Department of Energy, DE-FG02-04ER41318 Johann Rafelski Department of Physics University of Arizona TUCSON, AZ, USA 1 J. Rafelski, Arizona STRANGENESS AND THE DISCOVERY OF QUARK GLUON PLASMA Bloomington, November 30, 2004,page 2 EXPERIMENTAL HEAVY ION PROGRAM | LHC CERN: LHC opens after 2007 and SPS resumes after 2009 J. Rafelski, Arizona STRANGENESS AND THE DISCOVERY OF QUARK GLUON PLASMA Bloomington, November 30, 2004,page 3 ...and at BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider: RHIC J. Rafelski, Arizona STRANGENESS AND THE DISCOVERY OF QUARK GLUON PLASMA Bloomington, November 30, 2004,page 4 BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY 12:00 o’clock PHOBOS BRAHMS 10:00 o’clock 2:00 o’clock RHIC PHENIX 8:00 o’clock STAR 4:00 o’clock 6:00 o’clock Design Parameters: Beam Energy = 100 GeV/u U-line 9 GeV/u No. -
Collaboration Agreement on the Transfer, Use and Responsibility for the ALICE Collaboration TPC Read-Out Electronics by the NA61/SHINE Collaboration
Collaboration Agreement on the transfer, use and responsibility for the ALICE Collaboration TPC read-out electronics by the NA61/SHINE Collaboration (hereinafter referred to as the “Agreement”) between THE EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH (hereinafter referred to as “CERN”), an Intergovernmental Organization with its seat at Geneva, Switzerland, Host laboratory of the ALICE and NA61/SHINE experiments, represented by its Director for Research and Computing, Eckhard Elsen and THE INSTITUTIONS OF THE ALICE COLLABORATION (hereinafter referred to as “ALICE”), represented by the Spokesperson, Federico Antinori and THE INSTITUTIONS OF THE NA61 COLLABORATION (hereinafter referred to as “NA61/SHINE”), represented by the Spokesperson, Marek Gazdzicki CERN, ALICE and NA61/SHINE are hereinafter collectively referred to as the “Parties” or individually as “Party”. TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE FOLLOWING CONSIDERATIONS: - The “Memorandum” dated March 15, 2016 sent by the NA61/SHINE spokesperson to the ALICE spokesperson on behalf of the Collaboration Board of NA61/SHINE; - The reply dated May 3, 2016 sent by the ALICE spokesperson to the NA61/SHINE spokesperson; - The status and plans of NA61/SHINE related to the Agreement as summarized in Annex I. THE PARTIES HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS: Article 1 – Scope of the Agreement ALICE shall make available the ALICE TPC read-out electronics and the gate pulser system as listed in Annex II (hereinafter referred to as “Equipment”) for use by NA61/SHINE for the exclusive purpose of the NA61/SHINE Experiment. As from the Equipment Transfer Dates defined in Article 2, NA61/SHINE shall be liable to ALICE and CERN as the Host Laboratory for the fulfillment of all obligations, which may exist with respect to the Equipment. -
PDF) Submittals Are Preferred) and Information Particle and Astroparticle Physics As Well As Accelerator Physics
CERNNovember/December 2019 cerncourier.com COURIERReporting on international high-energy physics WELCOME CERN Courier – digital edition Welcome to the digital edition of the November/December 2019 issue of CERN Courier. The Extremely Large Telescope, adorning the cover of this issue, is due to EXTREMELY record first light in 2025 and will outperform existing telescopes by orders of magnitude. It is one of several large instruments to look forward to in the decade ahead, which will also see the start of high-luminosity LHC operations. LARGE TELESCOPE As the 2020s gets under way, the Courier will be reviewing the LHC’s 10-year physics programme so far, as well as charting progress in other domains. In the meantime, enjoy news of KATRIN’s first limit on the neutrino mass (p7), a summary of the recently published European strategy briefing book (p8), the genesis of a hadron-therapy centre in Southeast Europe (p9), and dispatches from the most interesting recent conferences (pp19—23). CLIC’s status and future (p41), the abstract world of gauge–gravity duality (p44), France’s particle-physics origins (p37) and CERN’s open days (p32) are other highlights from this last issue of the decade. Enjoy! To sign up to the new-issue alert, please visit: http://comms.iop.org/k/iop/cerncourier To subscribe to the magazine, please visit: https://cerncourier.com/p/about-cern-courier KATRIN weighs in on neutrinos Maldacena on the gauge–gravity dual FPGAs that speak your language EDITOR: MATTHEW CHALMERS, CERN DIGITAL EDITION CREATED BY IOP PUBLISHING CCNovDec19_Cover_v1.indd 1 29/10/2019 15:41 CERNCOURIER www. -
Hagedorn's Hadron Mass Spectrum and the Onset of Deconfinement
Hagedorn’s Hadron Mass Spectrum and the Onset of Deconfinement∗ Marek Gazdzicki´ and Mark I. Gorenstein Abstract A brief history of the observation of the onset of deconfinement - the beginning of the creation of quark gluon plasma in nucleus-nucleus collisions with increasing collision energy - is presented. It starts with the measurement of hadron mass spectrum and the Hagedorn’s hypothesis of the limiting temperature of hadronic matter (the Hagedorn temperature). Then the conjecture that the Hage- dorn temperature is the phase transition temperature was formulated with the crucial Hagedorn participation. It was confirmed by the observation of the onset of decon- finement in lead-lead collisions at the CERN SPS energies. 1 Hadron Mass Spectrum and the Hagedorn Temperature A history of multi-particle production started with discoveries of hadrons, first in cosmic-ray experiments and soon after in experiments using beams of particles produced in accelerators. Naturally, the first hadrons, discovered in collisions of cosmic-ray particles, were the lightest ones, pion, kaon and L. With the rapid ad- vent of particle accelerators new particles were uncovered almost day-by-day. There are about 1000 hadronic states known so far. Their density in mass r(m) increases approximately exponentially as predicted by the Hagedorn’s Statistical Bootstrap Model [1] formulated in 1965: r(m) = const m−a exp(bm) : (1) In the case of point-like hadron states this leads to a single-particle partition func- tion: p ! V Z ¥ Z ¥ k2 + m2 Z(T;V) = dm k2dk exp − r(m) ; (2) arXiv:1502.07684v1 [nucl-th] 26 Feb 2015 2 2p mp 0 T Marek: Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany; and Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland Mark: Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kiev, Ukraine; and Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Frankfurt, Germany ∗Chapter in: R. -
Arxiv:Hep-Ph/9910363 V1 15 Oct 1999
Evidence for Quark Gluon Plasma from Hadron Production ∗ in High Energy Nuclear Collisions Marek Ga´zdzicki Institut f¨ur Kernphysik, University of Frankfurt August Euler Str. 6, D–60486 Frankfurt, Germany The experimental results on the pion, strangeness and J/ψ produc- tion in high energy nuclear collisions are discussed. The anomalous energy dependence of pion and strangeness production is consistent with the hy- pothesis that a transition to a deconfined phase takes place between the top AGS ( 15 A GeV) and the SPS ( 200 A GeV) energies. The J/ψ pro- duction≈ systematics· at the SPS can≈ be understood· assuming that the J/ψ mesons are created at hadronization according to the available hadronic phase space. This new interpretation of the J/ψ data allows one to es- tablish a coherent picture of high energy nuclear collisions based on the statistical approaches of the collision early stage and hadronization. Sur- prisingly, the statistical model of strong interactions is successful even in the region reserved up to now for pQCD based models. PACS numbers: 24.85.+p 1. Introduction arXiv:hep-ph/9910363 v1 15 Oct 1999 The basic motivation for a broad experimental program of nucleus– nucleus (A+A) collisions at high energies is the search for the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) [1]. An impressive set of experimental data has been col- lected during the last decades and many unexpected phenomena have been discovered [2]. The results indicate surprising scaling behaviours which find a natural interpretation within statistical models of the early stage of the collision [3] as well as the hadronization [4, 5]. -
Works of Love
reader.ad section 9/21/05 12:38 PM Page 2 AMAZING LIGHT: Visions for Discovery AN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM IN HONOR OF THE 90TH BIRTHDAY YEAR OF CHARLES TOWNES October 6-8, 2005 — University of California, Berkeley Amazing Light Symposium and Gala Celebration c/o Metanexus Institute 3624 Market Street, Suite 301, Philadelphia, PA 19104 215.789.2200, [email protected] www.foundationalquestions.net/townes Saturday, October 8, 2005 We explore. What path to explore is important, as well as what we notice along the path. And there are always unturned stones along even well-trod paths. Discovery awaits those who spot and take the trouble to turn the stones. -- Charles H. Townes Table of Contents Table of Contents.............................................................................................................. 3 Welcome Letter................................................................................................................. 5 Conference Supporters and Organizers ............................................................................ 7 Sponsors.......................................................................................................................... 13 Program Agenda ............................................................................................................. 29 Amazing Light Young Scholars Competition................................................................. 37 Amazing Light Laser Challenge Website Competition.................................................. 41 Foundational -
Highlights of Modern Physics and Astrophysics
Highlights of Modern Physics and Astrophysics How to find the “Top Ten” in Physics & Astrophysics? - List of Nobel Laureates in Physics - Other prizes? Templeton prize, … - Top Citation Rankings of Publication Search Engines - Science News … - ... Nobel Laureates in Physics Year Names Achievement 2020 Sir Roger Penrose "for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity" Reinhard Genzel, Andrea Ghez "for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy" 2019 James Peebles "for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology" Michel Mayor, Didier Queloz "for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star" 2018 Arthur Ashkin "for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics", in particular "for the optical tweezers and their application to Gerard Mourou, Donna Strickland biological systems" "for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics", in particular "for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses" Nobel Laureates in Physics Year Names Achievement 2017 Rainer Weiss "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the Kip Thorne, Barry Barish observation of gravitational waves" 2016 David J. Thouless, "for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions F. Duncan M. Haldane, and topological phases of matter" John M. Kosterlitz 2015 Takaaki Kajita, "for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that Arthur B. MsDonald neutrinos have mass" 2014 Isamu Akasaki, "for the invention of -
International Union of Pure and Applied Physics
International Union of Pure and Applied Physics Newsletter SEPTEMBER President: Michel Spiro • Editor-in-Chief: Kok Khoo Phua • Editors: Maitri Bobba; Judy Yeo 2020 IUPAP Office hosted & supported by: NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, SINGAPORE PRESIDENTS' NOTE The Presidents believe that IUPAP should develop a Strategic Plan to build on that by finding more ways to incorporate (below) to guide its development through the start of its second these young physicists into our activities. century, and have prepared this preliminary version. It is distributed in this Newsletter with the request that all stakeholders offer their 4. IUPAP has long worked to ensure that the interaction proposals for changes in content and emphasis. It is anticipated that between physicists from different countries, which is the Strategic Plan will be further discussed in the Zoom meeting of key for the progress of physics, can continue even when the Council and Commission Chairs in October, so your reply should relations between the countries are strained. In the be received before 25th September 2020 to be part of the input for present international climate, this activity is as important those discussions. as it was 50 years ago. New activities being developed to play a key role in IUPAP. The Future of IUPAP During the three years between now and 2023, the year of the 1. IUPAP is collaborating with and leading fellow unions centenary of our first General Assembly, the International Union and other partners to promote and to organise an of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) will be continuing its major International Year for Basic Sciences for Sustainable initiatives of the past, commencing new activities, and working Development in 2022. -
Feasibility Studies for Open Charm Measurements with NA61/SHINE Experiment at CERN-SPS
Feasibility studies for open charm measurements with NA61/SHINE experiment at CERN-SPS by Yasir Ali A DOCTORAL DISSERTATION PERFORMED IN THE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JAGIELLONIAN UNIVERSITY KRAKOW (POLAND) SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF PHYSICS, ASTRONOMY AND APPLIED COMPUTER SCIENCES OF THE JAGIELLONIAN UNIVERSITY 2015 Thesis advisor: Dr hab. Pawe lStaszel Project coordinator: Prof. Dr hab. Pawe lMoskal This thesis is dedicated to my parents for their love, endless support and encouragement and to my beloved fiance ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to gratefully and sincerely thank my supervisor Dr hab. Pawe lStaszel for his guidance, support and most importantly, his help during my PhD studies at the Institute of Physics Jagieollonian University. His mentorship was paramount in providing a well rounded experience consistent with my long-term career goals. I would also like to thank all members of the NA61 Collaboration, especially Prof. Dr Marek Gazdzicki, Dr Peter Seyboth and all other colleagues who helped me from time to time. I am also grateful to Antoni Marcinek and Sebastian Kupny for their consistent suggestions during my project. I would also like to thank Prof. Dr. Roman P laneta for his assistance and guid- ance. Additionally, I would like to be grateful and say thanks to the coordinator of International PhD-studies programme Prof. Dr Pawe l Moskal for his all time help and support in four years during my stay in Krakow. Finally, and most importantly, I would like to say thanks to my parents. Their support, encouragement, quiet patience and unwavering love were undeniably the bedrock upon which my educational carrier has been built. -
From P+ P to Pb+ Pb Collisions: Wounded Nucleon Versus
From p+p to Pb+Pb Collisions: Wounded Nucleon versus Statistical Models Marek Gazdzicki∗ Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany and Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland E-mail: [email protected] System size dependence of hadron production properties is discussed within the Wounded Nu- cleon Model and the Statistical Model in the grand canonical, canonical and micro-canonical for- mulations. Similarities and differences between predictions of the models related to the treatment of conservation laws are exposed. A need for models which would combine a hydrodynamical- like expansion with conservation laws obeyed in individual collisions is stressed. arXiv:1306.5919v2 [nucl-th] 8 Jul 2013 8th International Workshop on Critical Point and Onset of Deconfinement March 11-15, 2013 Napa, California, USA ∗Speaker. c Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike Licence. http://pos.sissa.it/ From p+p to Pb+Pb Collisions: Wounded Nucleon versus Statistical Models Marek Gazdzicki high stat. with new vertex detector Pb+Pb 2017/18/19 detailed scan with existing detector Pb+Pb 2017 system size Xe+La 2016 Ar+Ca 2015 Be+Be 2011/12/13 p+Pb 2012 /14 p+p 2009/10/11 13 20 30 40 80 160 beam energy [A GeV] Figure 1: The NA61/SHINE data taking schedule for the ion program. The already registered reactions are indicated by green squares, whereas the approved future data taking and the proposed extension of the program are shown in red and gray, respectively. 1. Introduction This work is motivated by the NA61/SHINE ion program [1, 2] in which hadron production properties are studied as a function of size of colliding nuclei and their collision energy. -
Evidence for Quark Gluon Plasma from Hadron Production in High Energy Nuclear Collisions ∗ Marek Ga´Zdzicki
Evidence for Quark Gluon Plasma from Hadron Production in High Energy Nuclear Collisions ∗ Marek Ga´zdzicki Institut f¨ur Kernphysik, University of Frankfurt August Euler Str. 6, D–60486 Frankfurt, Germany The experimental results on the pion, strangeness and J= produc- tion in high energy nuclear collisions are discussed. The anomalous energy dependence of pion and strangeness production is consistent with the hy- pothesis that a transition to a deconfined phase takes place between the top AGS ( 15 A GeV) and the SPS ( 200 A GeV) energies. The J= pro- duction≈ systematics· at the SPS can≈ be understood· assuming that the J= mesons are created at hadronization according to the available hadronic phase space. This new interpretation of the J= data allows one to es- tablish a coherent picture of high energy nuclear collisions based on the statistical approaches of the collision early stage and hadronization. Sur- prisingly, the statistical model of strong interactions is successful even in the region reserved up to now for pQCD based models. PACS numbers: 24.85.+p 1. Introduction The basic motivation for a broad experimental program of nucleus– nucleus (A+A) collisions at high energies is the search for the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) [1]. An impressive set of experimental data has been col- lected during the last decades and many unexpected phenomena have been discovered [2]. The results indicate surprising scaling behaviours which find a natural interpretation within statistical models of the early stage of the collision [3] as well as the hadronization [4, 5]. Within this framework one concludes that the results are consistent with the hypothesis of a QGP cre- ation in A+A collisions at the SPS [3]. -
Profile of James Peebles, Michel Mayor, and Didier Queloz
PROFILE Profile of James Peebles, Michel Mayor, and Didier Queloz: 2019 Nobel Laureates in Physics PROFILE Neta A. Bahcalla,1 and Adam Burrowsa Mankind has long been fascinated by the mysteries of our Universe: How old and how big is the Universe? How did the Universe begin and how is it evolving? What is the composition of the Universe and the nature of its dark matter and dark energy? What is our Earth’s place in the cosmos and are there other planets (and life) around other stars? The 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics honors three pioneering scientists for their fundamental contributions to these cosmic questions—Professors James Peebles of Princeton University, Michel Mayor of the University of Geneva, and Didier Queloz of the University of Geneva and the University of Cambridge—“for contributions (Left) Profs. James Peebles (Princeton University), (Center) Michel Mayor (University of Geneva), and (Right) Didier Queloz (University of Geneva and the University of to our understanding of the evolution of the universe Cambridge). Jessica Gow, Frank Perry, Isabel Infantes/AFP/Scanpix Sweden. and Earth’s place in the cosmos,” with one half to James Peebles “for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology,” and the other half jointly to Michel Mayor The science of cosmology started in earnest mostly and Didier Queloz “for the discovery of an exoplanet with Einstein’s theory of general relativity. Alexander orbiting a solar-type star.” Friedman, Willem de Sitter, and Georges Lemaître, using Einstein’s equations, recognized that our Universe The Evolution of the Universe is not static, it must be either expanding or contracting James Peebles was born in Southern Manitoba, Can- and Hubble’s remarkable observational discovery of the ada, in 1935; he moved to Princeton University for expanding Universe in 1929 confirmed this.