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Espinalt's Concept of Human WILL and Character and Its
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Revistes Catalanes amb Accés Obert 6 espinaLt’s coNcePt oF humaN Will aNd chaRacteR aNd Its coNsequeNces FoR 1 moRaL educatIoN Carme Giménez-Camins & Josep Gallifa abstract: This article deals with the human will and the individual character and their relevance in the moral sphere. After introducing the conative domain, it argues for the need to have a psychological and educational model of human character. The paper presents Espinalt’s (1920-1993) concepts of will and character and their consequences for education. After having explored human will and understanding the causes for the relative lack of consideration of will by modern psychology, a definition of character is presented as a result of exercising human will. Three different dimensions of character are considered: One more connected with instincts, another with culture, and the most distinctive of individual self-engraving. The third dimension leads to different considerations of education that are briefly explained. The Espinaltian vision is contrasted with other contemporary visions of human will and character. The social and historical forces with an influence on the education of the character are also considered. Finally the paper argues for the centrality of these approaches for a moral education which is based on Aristotelian views. Keywords: Espinalt, Human Will, Moral education, Aristotle, character 1 This paper was received on January 31, 2011 and was approved on March 27, 2011 122 RamoN LLuLL JouRNaL oF aPPLIed ethIcs 2011. Issue 2 INtRoductIoN the neoclassical model of the human psyche Traditionally the human psyche has been divided into three components: Cognition, affect and conation (Hilgard, 1980; Tallon, 1997). -
The Pennsylvania State University the Graduate School College of The
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of the Liberal Arts EXISTENTIALIST ROOTS OF FEMINIST ETHICS A Dissertation in Philosophy by Deniz Durmus Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2015 The dissertation of Deniz Durmus was reviewed and approved* by the following: Shannon Sullivan Professor of Philosophy Women's Studies, and African American Studies, Department Head, Dissertation Advisor, Co-Chair Committee Sarah Clark Miller Associate Professor of Philosophy, Associate Director of Rock Ethics Institute, Co-Chair Committee John Christman Professor of Philosophy, Women’s Studies Robert Bernasconi Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of Philosophy, African American Studies Christine Clark Evans Professor of French and Francophone Studies, Women’s Studies Amy Allen Liberal Arts Professor of Philosophy, Head of Philosophy Department *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School. ii ABSTRACT My dissertation “Existentialist Roots of Feminist Ethics” is an account of existentialist feminist ethics written from the perspective of ambiguous nature of interconnectedness of human freedoms. It explores existentialist tenets in feminist ethics and care ethics and reclaims existentialism as a resourceful theory in addressing global ethical issues. My dissertation moves beyond the once prevalent paradigm that feminist ethics should be devoid of any traditional ethical theories and it shows that an existential phenomenological ethics can complement feminist ethics in a productive way. The first chapter, introduces and discusses an existentialist notion of freedom based on Simone de Beauvoir and Jean Paul Sartre’s writings. In order to establish that human beings are metaphysically free, I explain notions of in-itself, for-itself, transcendence, immanence, facticity, and bad faith which are the basic notions of an existentialist notion of freedom. -
Rethinking Feminist Ethics
RETHINKING FEMINIST ETHICS The question of whether there can be distinctively female ethics is one of the most important and controversial debates in current gender studies, philosophy and psychology. Rethinking Feminist Ethics: Care, Trust and Empathy marks a bold intervention in these debates by bridging the ground between women theorists disenchanted with aspects of traditional ‘male’ ethics and traditional theorists who insist upon the need for some ethical principles. Daryl Koehn provides one of the first critical overviews of a wide range of alternative female/ feminist/feminine ethics defended by influential theorists such as Carol Gilligan, Annette Baier, Nel Noddings and Diana Meyers. She shows why these ethics in their current form are not defensible and proposes a radically new alternative. In the first section, Koehn identifies the major tenets of ethics of care, trust and empathy. She provides a lucid, searching analysis of why female ethics emphasize a relational, rather than individualistic, self and why they favor a more empathic, less rule-based, approach to human interactions. At the heart of the debate over alternative ethics is the question of whether female ethics of care, trust and empathy constitute a realistic, practical alternative to the rule- based ethics of Immanuel Kant, John Stuart Mill and John Rawls. Koehn concludes that they do not. Female ethics are plagued by many of the same problems they impute to ‘male’ ethics, including a failure to respect other individuals. In particular, female ethics favor the perspective of the caregiver, trustor and empathizer over the viewpoint of those who are on the receiving end of care, trust and empathy. -
Aristotle, Kant, JS Mill and Rawls Raphael Cohen-Almagor
1 On the Philosophical Foundations of Medical Ethics: Aristotle, Kant, JS Mill and Rawls Raphael Cohen-Almagor Ethics, Medicine and Public Health (Available online 22 November 2017). Abstract This article aims to trace back some of the theoretical foundations of medical ethics that stem from the philosophies of Aristotle, Immanuel Kant, John Stuart Mill and John Rawls. The four philosophers had in mind rational and autonomous human beings who are able to decide their destiny, who pave for themselves the path for their own happiness. It is argued that their philosophies have influenced the field of medical ethics as they crafted some very important principles of the field. I discuss the concept of autonomy according to Kant and JS Mill, Kant’s concepts of dignity, benevolence and beneficence, Mill’s Harm Principle (nonmaleficence), the concept of justice according to Aristotle, Mill and Rawls, and Aristotle’s concept of responsibility. Key words: Aristotle, Immanuel Kant, John Stuart Mill, autonomy, beneficence, benevolence, dignity, justice, nonmaleficence, responsibility, John Rawls Introduction What are the philosophical foundations of medical ethics? The term ethics is derived from Greek. ἦθος: Noun meaning 'character' or 'disposition'. It is used in Aristotle to denote those aspects of one's character that, through appropriate moral training, develop into virtues. ἦθος is related to the adjective ἠθικός denoting someone or something that relates to disposition, e.g., a philosophical study on character.[1] 2 Ethics is concerned with what is good for individuals and society. It involves developing, systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behaviour. The Hippocratic Oath (c. -
Critical Pedagogy and the Ethics of Care: How Values Affect the Classroom Dynamic
BearWorks MSU Graduate Theses Fall 2018 Critical Pedagogy and the Ethics of Care: How Values Affect the Classroom Dynamic Colby D. Reed Missouri State University, [email protected] As with any intellectual project, the content and views expressed in this thesis may be considered objectionable by some readers. However, this student-scholar’s work has been judged to have academic value by the student’s thesis committee members trained in the discipline. The content and views expressed in this thesis are those of the student-scholar and are not endorsed by Missouri State University, its Graduate College, or its employees. Follow this and additional works at: https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses Part of the Adult and Continuing Education Commons, Arts and Humanities Commons, Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education Commons, Curriculum and Instruction Commons, Educational Methods Commons, Humane Education Commons, Language and Literacy Education Commons, and the Liberal Studies Commons Recommended Citation Reed, Colby D., "Critical Pedagogy and the Ethics of Care: How Values Affect the Classroom Dynamic" (2018). MSU Graduate Theses. 3325. https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses/3325 This article or document was made available through BearWorks, the institutional repository of Missouri State University. The work contained in it may be protected by copyright and require permission of the copyright holder for reuse or redistribution. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CRITICAL -
Foundations for Ethics
SECTION I Foundations for Ethics Change happens whether we want it or not. ▸ Introduction ealth care is in a constant state of change and challenge, which is likely to continue into its future. Therefore, this quote from the ancient philosopher, Heraclitus, rings true Hfor healthcare administrators (HCAs). In this introduction, consider an example of how change can affect care and its ethics. For example, the rapid growth of technology promises more efficient and effective care along with the ability to treat health conditions and improve outcomes. Of course, technology’s impressive outcomes will also bring challenges for health administrators in the areas of finance, staffing, and patient demands. How does this climate of change affect the HCA’s ability to pro- vide both fiscally sound and ethics- based health care? First, HCAs need to continue providing an environment where patients receive both appropriate and compassionate care. In addition, they must create, adapt, and support the complex healthcare system structure that responds to change. As stewards of current and future resources, HCAs are required to protect these resources and ensure that they are used ethically. These serious responsibilities can only increase in this epoch of change. To address these concerns, HCAs must also be prepared to go beyond patient care. They must respond to the business needs of health care with respect to the patient, staff members, organization, © Panuwat Dangsungnoen/EyeEm/Getty Images Dangsungnoen/EyeEm/Getty © Panuwat and the community. This challenge requires HCAs to have a base in ethics and apply their professional knowledge and skills. In addition, these challenges mandate a deeper application of ethics through appropriate behaviors that maintain both personal integrity and that of their organizations. -
Heidegger and the Ethics of Care
Heidegger and the ethics of care John Paley MA Principal Research Fellow, University of Luton Original paper Abstract The claim that, in some nontrivial sense, nursing can be identified with caring has prompted a search for the philosophical foundations of care in the nursing literature.Although the ethics of care was initially associated with Gilligan’s ‘different voice’, there has more recently been an attempt – led principally by Benner – to displace the gender perspective with a Heideggerian one, even if Kant is the figure to whom both Gilligan and Benner appear most irretrievably opposed.This paper represents the first half of a double-edged project: initially, to point out that Heidegger explicitly disowns any ethical implications for his ontological thinking, and to argue that no ethical theory (including an ethics of care) can be derived from Being and Time; and then to argue that Kant’s categorical imperative is not only compatible with the ethics of care but actively entails it. In this, Heideggerian, part of the argument, I consider three attempts to wrest an ethics from Being and Time – those of Benner, Olafson and Guignon – suggesting that,for different reasons,they all fail. Benner systematically confuses the ontological with the ontic, not recog- nizing that care, concern and solicitude have ‘deficient’ modes as well as positive ones, and that Heidegger’s ontology retrieves the possibility of an ethics-in-general without at any point implying an ethics-in-particular (whether of care or justice). Olafson does recognize this, and to that extent admits his failure,but his efforts to amplify Heidegger’s thought in such a way as to generate an ethical theory involve both the importing of Kantian premises, and an appeal to some rather doubtful empirical observations. -
Personal Autonomy and Informed Consent: Conceptual and Normative Analyses
Personal Autonomy and Informed Consent: Conceptual and Normative Analyses Jesper Ahlin Licentiate thesis in philosophy KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, «Ï; © «Ï; Ahlin All rights reserved. Ahlin, J. Personal Autonomy and Informed Consent:Conceptual and Normative Analyses Licentiate thesis KTH Royal Institute of Technology TOC ;Ê-Ï-;;-- TOO ÏE«-ÊÊtÏ Typeset by the author, with help from Jesper Jerkert, using LATEX and BTCTEX.Printed by Universitetsservice US-AB, Drottning Kristinas väg tB, ÏÏ Ê Stockholm. I know what I know Acknowledgments I am grateful to Barbro Fröding, Sven Ove Hansson, and Niklas Juth for their su- pervision of this thesis, and to Gert Helgesson for his many useful comments on an earlier dra. Also, I thank William Bülow, Jesper Jerkert,Björn Lundgren, Payam Moula, and Maria Nordström, among others, for support and stimulating discussions. My thanks are extended to the Higher seminar at the Division of Philosophy, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, the Higher seminar at the Centre for Healthcare Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, and the VR/FORTE research program for providing opportu- nities to discuss and develop these ideas. All errors and mistakes are of course my own. his research was supported by the Swedish Research Council (VR) and the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare (FORTE), contract no. «Ï– «, for the project Addressing Ethical Obstacles to Person Centred Care. Stockholm,August «Ï; Jesper Ahlin Abstract his licentiate thesis is comprised of a “kappa” and two articles. he kappa includes an account of personal autonomy and informed consent, an explanation of how the concepts and articles relate to each other, and a summary in Swedish. -
Chapter 2 Ethical Decision-Making Guidelines and Tools
CHAPTER 2 Ethical Decision-Making Guidelines and Tools Jacqueline J. Glover, PhD © kentoh/Shutterstock © kentoh/Shutterstock Learning Objectives Scenario 2-A Decision Making After completing this chapter, the reader should for an Adolescent be able to: ■■ Define ethics. MT is a 16-year-old young man with terminal ■■ Identify the importance of studying ethics brain cancer. At the age of 10 he was diag- for the health information management nosed with acute leukemia. After three years (HIM) professional. of intense treatment, MT was in remission. ■■ Identify ethical concepts, including rele- After two years of remission, during which vant values, principles, virtues, approaches, he was doing very well in school and loved and theories. playing soccer, MT began having severe headaches. Unfortunately, his magnetic reso- ■■ Apply a process of ethical decision making nance imaging (MRI) scan showed a large to HIM scenarios. mass requiring immediate workup. The tis- sue biopsy of the intracranial mass showed a uniformly fatal tumor, likely related to his previous leukemia treatment. No additional Introduction intervention was recommended by the team, Ethics is the formal process of intentionally and and they wanted to refer him to hospice. critically analyzing, with clarity and consistency, MT’s parents had heard stories in the basis for one’s moral judgments. It is impor- the media about unprecedented recov- tant for HIM professionals to engage in this ery of children with terminal diagnoses. process, because they are accountable for their A national search of experimental proto- actions as professionals, not just personally as cols for brain tumors revealed two centers individuals. -
Moraldiscernmentmodelproject-3-23
LEADERSHIP, MORALITY AND ETHICS: DEVELOPING A PRACTICAL MODEL FOR MORAL DECISION-MAKING Alfred W. Kaszniak 1,3, Cynda H. Rushton 2, & Joan Halifax 3 1 University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona 2 Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 3 Upaya Institute Santa Fe, New Mexico Kaszniak, A.W., Rushton, C.H., & Halifax, J. (2018). Leadership, morality and ethics: Developing a practical model for moral decision-making. MindRxiv. April 17. mindrxiv.org/8qby6. DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/8QBY6 Introduction: Principled and authentic leadership in all sectors of society, including health, education, business, and finance, requires fundamental shifts in understanding how moral discernment operates. Cultivating leaders who exemplify integrity necessitates grounding in pro-social values, character formation, ethical principles, and contemplative practices that enhance moral decision-making and engaged moral action. The present paper is the product of collaboration between a neuroscientist, an ethicist, and a contemplative exploring issues around leadership, morality, and ethics. It is an exploration on how people in roles of responsibility can better understand how to engage in discernment processes with more awareness and a deeper sense of responsibility for others and themselves. It has been written in a global climate where a practical understanding of how moral decision-making works is essential in this time when there can seem to be an increasing moral vacuum in leadership. The meanings of the words morals and ethics overlap in common usage, though sometimes conflicting distinctions are drawn by philosophers and other scholars. One simple way of understanding the distinction is that, “Broadly speaking, morals are individual principles of right and wrong, and a system of ethics deals with sets of those principles.” <http://www.randomhouse.com/wotd/index.pperl?date=20010813> The term ethics is often used in reference to the philosophical study of morality. -
Care Ethics and Politcal Theory
OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 23/6/2015, SPi Care Ethics and Political Theory OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 23/6/2015, SPi OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 23/6/2015, SPi Care Ethics and Political Theory Edited by Daniel Engster and Maurice Hamington 1 OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 23/6/2015, SPi 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries # Oxford University Press 2015 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted First Edition published in 2015 Impression: 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Control Number: 2015932776 ISBN 978–0–19–871634–1 Printed and bound by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. -
Using an Ethics of Care to Re-Interpret Consent in the Management of Care for Addiction Disorders Diann Ecret
Duquesne University Duquesne Scholarship Collection Electronic Theses and Dissertations Spring 5-11-2018 Using an Ethics of Care to Re-interpret Consent in the Management of Care for Addiction Disorders DiAnn Ecret Follow this and additional works at: https://dsc.duq.edu/etd Recommended Citation Ecret, D. (2018). Using an Ethics of Care to Re-interpret Consent in the Management of Care for Addiction Disorders (Doctoral dissertation, Duquesne University). Retrieved from https://dsc.duq.edu/etd/1439 This Immediate Access is brought to you for free and open access by Duquesne Scholarship Collection. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Duquesne Scholarship Collection. For more information, please contact [email protected]. USING AN ETHICS OF CARE TO RE-INTERPRET CONSENT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CARE FOR ADDICTION DISORDERS A Dissertation Submitted to the McAnulty School of Liberal Arts Duquesne University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By DiAnn C. Ecret May 2018 Copyright by DiAnn C. Ecret 2018 USING AN ETHICS OF CARE TO RE-INTERPRET CONSENT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CARE FOR ADDICTION DISORDERS By DiAnn C. Ecret Approved April 12, 2018 ________________________________ ________________________________ Gerard Magill, Ph.D. Henk ten Have, MD, PhD Professor of Vernon F. Gallagher Chair Director, Center for Healthcare Ethics Professor, Center for Health Care Ethics Professor of Healthcare Ethics (Dissertation Director) (Committee Member) ________________________________ Joris Gielen, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Center for Healthcare Ethics (Committee Member) ________________________________ ________________________________ James Swindal, PhD Henk ten Have, M.D., Ph.D.