Reversal of Fe-Mg Partitioning Between Garnet and Staurolite In
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Reversal of Fe-Mg partitioning between garnet and staurolite in eclogite-facies metapelites from the Champtoceaux nappe (Brittany, France) Michel Ballevre, J.L Pinardon, Jean Robert Kienast, Jean-Paul Vuichard To cite this version: Michel Ballevre, J.L Pinardon, Jean Robert Kienast, Jean-Paul Vuichard. Reversal of Fe-Mg par- titioning between garnet and staurolite in eclogite-facies metapelites from the Champtoceaux nappe (Brittany, France) . Journal of Petrology, Oxford University Press (OUP), 1989, 30 (6), pp.1321-1349. 10.1093/petrology/30.6.1321. insu-01493270 HAL Id: insu-01493270 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01493270 Submitted on 31 Mar 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 0022-3530/89 $3.00 Reversal of Fe-Mg Partitioning Between Garnet and Staurolite in Eclogite-facies Metapelites from the Champtoceaux Nappe (Brittany, France) by .MICHEL BALLEVRE1, JEAN-LUC PINARDON2, JEAN-ROBERT K IE N A S T 2 A N D JEAN-PAUL VUICHARD1 1 Laboratoire de tectonique, CAESS, Université de Rennes I, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France 2 Laboratoire de pétrologie métamorphique, U.A. C.N.R.S. 727, Université Paris VII, 75230 Paris Cedex 05, France (Received 29 June 1988; revised typescript accepted 24 January 1989) ABSTRACT This paper concentrates on the petrology of eclogite-facies metapelites and, particularly, the significance of staurolite in these rocks. A natural example of staurolite-bearing eclogitic micaschists from the Champtoceaux nappe (Brittany, France) is first described. The Champtoceaux metapelites present, in addition to quartz, phengite, and rutile, two successive parageneses: (1) chloritoid + staurolite -I- garnet cores, and (2) garnet rims -hkyanite± chloritoid. Detailed microprobe analyses show that garnet and chloritoid evolve towards more magnesian compositions and that staurolite is more Fe-rich than coexisting garnet. A comparison of the studied rocks with other known occurrences of eclogitic metapelites shows that whereas staurolite is always more Fe-rich than garnet in high-pressure eclogites, the reverse is true in low- to medium-pressure micaschists. Phase relations between garnet, staurolite, chloritoid, biotite, and chlorite are analysed in the KFMASH system (with excess quartz, phengite, rutile, and H20). The topology of univariant reactions is depicted for a normal and a reverse Fe-M g partitioning between garnet and staurolite. Mineral compositional changes are also predicted for varying bulk-rock chemistries. In the studied micaschists, the zonal arrangement of garnet inclusions and the progressive compositional changes of ferromagnesian phases record part of the prograde P-T path, before the attainment o f ‘peak’ metamorphic conditions (at about 650-700 °C, 18-20 kb). The retrograde path, which records the uplift of the Champtoceaux nappe, occurs under decreasing temperatures. INTRODUCTION Recent discoveries show that mineral assemblages in eclogitic metapelites are powerful tools for evaluating P -T conditions (Chopin & Schreyer, 1983; Koons & Thompson, 1985; Goffé & Chopin, 1986; Vuichard & Ballèvre, 1988). Their use requires a theoretical knowledge of phase relations in the KFMASH multisystem and experimental data on the limiting KFASH or KM ASH systems. In addition, careful examination of natural samples is necessary to depict actual phase relations. Previous works (Harte & Hudson, 1979; Koons & Thompson, 1985; Vuichard & Ballèvre, 1988) show that stable associations at relatively low temperatures (i.e., lower than about 600 °C) are garnet-chloritoid-chlorite and garnet-chloritoid-kyanite, and that garnet- chloritoid-talc does not occur in pelitic rocks of ‘normal’ aluminous composition, i.e., intermediate to high Fe/(Fe + Mg) ratio (Vuichard & Ballèvre, 1988). At temperatures higher [Journal of Petrology, Voi. 30, Part 6, pp. 1321-1349, 1989] C(i) Oxford University Press 1989 1322 MICHEL BALLEVRE ET AL. than about 600 °C, critical assemblages are garnet-chlorite-kyanite and garnet-talc-kyanite (Vuichard & Ballevre, 1988). Staurolite was not considered in detail in these previous studies. The purpose of this paper is to discuss phase relations between garnet, chloritoid, staurolite, and kyanite in high-pressure metapelites. Staurolite-bearing eclogitic metapelites are known in Kazakhstan (Udovkina et al., 1980), the Dora-Maira nappe in the Western Alps (Chopin, 1985), the Fairbanks district of Alaska (Brown & Forbes, 1986), the Hohe Tauern in the Eastern Alps (Spear & Franz, 1986), the NaJac klippe in the Massif Central, France (Delor et al., 1987), and the Champtoceaux nappe in Brittany, France (Ballevre et al., 1987). Our discussion does not take into account the Hohe Tauern example because staurolite is stabilized there by high amounts of ZnO (Leupolt & Franz, 1986; Spear & Franz, 1986). In the five other occurrences, staurolite is a matrix phase in the Fairbanks and NaJac micaschists and is observed only as inclusions within garnet in the Kazakhstan, Dora- Maira and Champtoceaux micaschists. In this paper, we will first describe the petrology of the Champtoceaux metapelites and compare them with other occurrences of eclogite-facies micaschists. We will show that a reversal of Fe-Mg partitioning between garnet and staurolite occurs in high-pressure metapelites as previously suggested by Chopin (1985) and Vuichard & Ballevre (1988), and then explore the maJor consequences of this reversal for phase relations in the KFMASH multisystem. GEOLOGICAL SETTING The Champtoceaux nappe (Brittany, France) is located in the South Armorican domain between two maJor crustal faults: the Nort-sur-Erdre Fault to the north and the southern Champtoceaux nappe Fig. 1. Schematic structural map of the Champtoceaux nappe. Inset shows the location of the study area in Brittany (France). It should be noted that eclogite-facies metapelites are known only in the lower unit. GARNET AND STAUROLITE IN ECLOGITE-FACIES METAPELITES 1323 branch of the South Armorican Shear Zone to the south (Fig. 1). The Champtoceaux nappe is thrust over low-grade metasediments of presumed Upper Proterozoic age. It consists of several superimposed units (Marchand, 1981), which underwent distinctive P-T histories during the Yariscan collisional event. The lower unit of the Champtoceaux nappe consists essentially of leucocratic gneisses (i.e., leptynites) and micaschists which enclose numerous metabasic lenses. In general, the exact age of the protoliths is unknown, although some leptynites result from the intense deformation of granites (Lasnier et al, 1973; Lagarde, 1978) of probable Lower Paleozoic age (Vidal et al, 1980). The granites intruded sediments which locally preserve evidence of contact metamorphism (Marchand, 1983). The metabasites have basaltic whole-rock compositions and MORB-type REE patterns (Paquette, 1987). Relicts of primary igneous textures or minerals are lacking in the metabasites. The lower unit of the Champtoceaux nappe suffered an eclogitic metamorphism at an early stage of the Variscan orogeny (Paquette et al., 1984, 1985; Paquette, 1987). Eclogitic parageneses are well known in the metabasic lenses (Lacroix, 1891; Briere, 1920; Velde, 1966, 1970; Godard et al., 1981; Paquette et al, 1985) but have been only recently discovered in the quartzites (Ballevre et al, 1987). Garnet-kyanite assemblages in micaschists were first described by Lacroix (1891) but were attributed to the eclogitic episode much later (Ballevre et al, 1987). In addition, coronitic transformations in undeformed volumes of granitic rocks (Lasnier et al, 1973) could also be attributed to eclogite-facies rather than to granulite-facies metamorphism. Garnet-omphacite + kyanite associations from quartzites will be described fully elsewhere (Ballevre and Kienast, in preparation), and this paper concentrates on the petrology of the micaschists. T a b l e 1 List of mineral abbreviations used in text, figures, and tables Abbreviations Mineral names Ab Albite Adr Andradite Alm Almandine An Anorthite And Andalusite Bt Biotite Chi Chlorite Cld Chloritoid Gr Graphite Gro Grossular Grt Garnet h 2o Vapour Ilm Ilmenite Jd Jadeite Ky Kyanite Phg Phengite Pg Paragonite Pyr Pyrope Qtz Quartz Rt Rutile Sil Sillimanite Spe Spessartine St Staurolite Tic Talc WM White micas 1324 MICHEL BALLEVRE ET AL. PETROGRAPHY Observed mineral parageneses in the Champtoceaux micaschists are listed in Table 2. All micaschists contain quartz, white mica, garnet, and rutile. In addition, kyanite is observed in some samples. Particular attention has been paid to garnet inclusions, notably chloritoid and staurolite, to define mineral assemblages during garnet growth (Table 2). Most samples show evidence for ductile deformation during the growth of primary parageneses. In particular, garnet, kyanite, and sometimes white mica display numerous tiny inclusions of rutile ± graphite, whose shape fabric defines an internal schistosity S{ (Spry, 1969). Staurolite and/or chloritoid inclusions within garnets are parallel to the S{ (Figs. 2 and 3). The matrix foliation (i.e., external schistosity