The United States Army Band Herald Trumpets, 1959-2017
D.M.A. Document
Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Musical Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University
By
Kenneth Bradley Holzworth, MM
Graduate Program in Music
The Ohio State University
2018
D.M.A. Document Committee
Timothy Leasure, Advisor
Bruce Henniss
Daryl Kinney
Copyright by
Kenneth Bradley Holzworth
2018
Abstract
The United States Army Herald Trumpets is a unique military musical ensemble consisting of musicians from the United States Army Band “Pershing’s Own” in Washington,
DC. Founded in 1959 by two Army Band members, Lieutenant Colonel (retired) Gilbert Mitchell and former Specialist William Bramwell Smith II, this volunteer unit is made up of trumpets, trombones, euphoniums and percussionists from the United States Army Ceremonial Band.
Mitchell’s and Smith’s vision was to form an organization of long-belled fanfare trumpets, complete with tabards, for military ceremonial functions which would add pomp and flair to the events. Their inspiration came from the British “Coronation” Trumpets which were introduced for the coronation of King George VI in 1937. The Herald Trumpets’ inaugural performance was in 1959 when they welcomed Queen Elizabeth II to Chicago for events related to the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway. Since their inception, the Herald Trumpets have been recognized as the official fanfare ensemble for the President of the United States and have performed in every presidential inauguration since President Kennedy’s in 1961. Gaining recognition and popularity, the Herald Trumpets have been invited to perform at countless national and international events including the opening ceremonies of four Olympic Games held within the United States. The most recognizable fanfares, “Bugler’s Dream” and “Olympic Fanfare,” were introduced at the
Olympic Games by the Herald Trumpets under the baton of prolific composer, John Williams.
After the exposure at the Olympics, the Herald Trumpets became a popular performing ensemble at several sporting events, including Super Bowl XXXIX where the Herald Trumpets accompanied the choirs of all the military academies in the playing and singing of the National
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Anthem. In addition, the Herald Trumpets have participated in several international “tattoos,” events that feature international military bands and organizations as entertainment for the local population. From participating in White House presidential arrival ceremonies to performing with the Boston Pops Orchestra to presenting educational clinics, the Herald Trumpets are one of the most popular and versatile military musical ensembles.
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Acknowledgements
I would like to thank The United States Army Band “Pershing’s Own” and its leader and commander Colonel Andrew Esch for allowing me to conduct research on The United States
Army Herald Trumpets. Special gratitude and appreciation goes to Sergeant First Class Trent
Stockton, historian for the Army Band and member of the Herald Trumpets, for his dedicated assistance and interest in this project.
Additional thanks goes to Sergeant Major (retired) W. Bramwell Smith III, Sergeant
Major (retired) Michael Johnston, Master Sergeant (retired) Michael Yoder, Command Sergeant
Major (retired) Hartman Beynon, and Enlisted Group Leader of the United States Army Herald
Trumpets, Sergeant Major Michael Cano for their valuable information.
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Vita
1974………………………………………………………...... Wooster High School Wooster, Ohio
1978-1998………………………………………The United States Army Band “Pershing’s Own” Ft. Myer, Virginia
1980………………...... Bachelor of Music, The Catholic University of America Washington, DC
2001………………………………………………………Master of Music, Kent State University Kent, Ohio
2015 to present……………………………….Doctor of Musical Arts, The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio
Fields of Study
Major Field: Music
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Table of Contents
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………….i
Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………………iii
Vita…………………………………………………………………………………………….....iv
List of Figures…………………………………………………………………………………....vii
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………..1
History……………………………………………………………………………………………..2
Founders…………………………………………………………………………………………...7
Development……………………………………………………………………………………..13
Instruments……………………………………………………………………………………….19
Tabards…………………………………………………………………………………………...23
Musicians and Formations…………………….…………………………………………………26
Uniforms…………………………………………………………………………………………30
Music……………………………………………………………………………………………..36
White House Ceremonies and Inaugurations…………………………………………………….39
The Olympic Games……………………………………………………………………………..42
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Other Sporting Events……………………………………………………………………………47
Music Performed with the Army Band…………………………………………………………..49
Holiday Events…………………………………………………………………………………...51
Appearances with Orchestras…………………………………………………………………….53
The Clinic………………………………………………………………………………………...55
Television and Movies…………………………………………………………………………...56
9/11……………………………………………………………………………………………....57
Notable Herald Trumpet Missions 1959-2017..…………………………………………………59
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………….69
Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………………..71
Appendix A: Letter of Permission for Research…………………………………………………73
Appendix B: Commanding Officers of The United States Army Band “Pershing’s Own”……..74
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List of Figures
Figure 1. General John J. Pershing………………………………………………………………..2
Figure 2. Ceremonial Band participating in a military funeral at Arlington National Cemetery..5
Figure 3. The Army Band performing in Europe during World War II………………………………6
Figure 4. The United States Army Herald Trumpets with the British Royal Marine Band Herald Trumpets, Canadian National Exhibition, Toronto, 1980………………………………..8
Figure 5. SPC W. Bramwell Smith II……………………………………………………………10
Figure 6. LTC Gilbert Mitchell.………………………………………………………………….12
Figure 7. Ceremony for Queen Elizabeth II at the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway in Chicago. 1959……………………………………………………………………………………14
Figure 8. Example of an arrival ceremony………………………………………………………15
Figure 9. Letter from President Nixon to General Galley…………………………………….....17
Figure 10. Tympani on wheels, 1959……………………………………………………………21
Figure 11. Grand Republic Snare Drum…………………………………………………………22
Figure 12. The United States Army Band Coat of Arms………………………………………...23
Figure 13. Herald trumpets, rope drums, and tabards on display at Brucker Hall, Fort Myer, Virginia, headquarters of The United States Army Band………………………………………..25
Figure 14. Herald Trumpets in most common formation on White House grounds with President Reagan………………………………………………………………………………....27
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Figure 15. Herald Trumpets in two lines in front of White House………………………………28
Figure 16. Herald Trumpets on a riser in front of Brucker Hall…………………………...……28
Figure 17. The original Army Band uniform, Pershing Grey…………………………………....30
Figure 18. On left, wool serge, OD 33 uniform (1922-24) On right, wool serge, blue uniform (1943-45)…………………………………………...………31
Figure 19. The yellow uniform (1951-56)……………………………………………….………32
Figure 20. Blue uniform (1957-68), with original tabards……………………………………....33
Figure 21. Army Band dress blue uniform (1969-present)……………………………………...35
Figure 22. White House Presidential arrival ceremony………………………………………….40
Figure 23. The United States Army Band and Herald Trumpets at presidential review stand during inaugural parade for President George W. Bush, January 20, 2001……………………..41
Figure 24. 1980 Olympic Games opening ceremonies, Lake Placid, NY……………………….43
Figure 25. Herald Trumpets with conductor John Williams at 1984 Olympic Games, Los Angeles, CA…………………………………………………………………………………44
Figure 26. Herald Trumpets entering Olympic stadium, 1996 Olympic Games, Atlanta, GA……………………………………………………………………………………....45
Figure 27. 2002 Olympic Games, Salt Lake City, UT…………………………………………..46
Figure 28. Herald Trumpets at Super Bowl XXXIX, 2005……………………………………...48
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Figure 29. Program from summer concert series at the Watergate, August 25, 1959…………...50
Figure 30. Herald Trumpets performing at “A Capitol Fourth.”………………………………...52
Figure 31. Concert Band, Chorus, and Herald Trumpets performing at Avery Fisher Hall, Lincoln Center…………………………………………………………………………………...57
Figure 32. Ceremonial Band at Ground Zero, New York City, 2001. ………………………….58
Figure 33. Herald Trumpets at ease before a Presidential departure ceremony…………………70
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Introduction
The purpose of this document is to discuss the history, development, and role of The
United States Army Herald Trumpets from their inception in 1959 through 2017. Extensive research has been conducted on The United States Army Band “Pershing’s Own” by David C.
McCormick in his dissertation, A History of the United States Army Band to 1946, followed by
Scott A. Weiss’s dissertation which continues the band’s history titled, A History of the United
States Army Band ‘Pershing’s Own,” 1945-2000. There is a wealth of information about the
Herald Trumpets, however it has never been fully researched, organized, and documented.
Information obtained from personal interviews, articles, dissertations, and visual aids will provide a comprehensive overview of the ensemble. Specifically, this document includes information about its history, founding members, development, instruments and tabards, musicians and formations, uniforms, music, and missions.
1
History
The United States Army Herald Trumpets is one of several units that make up the organization known as The United States Army Band “Pershing’s Own.” The band’s original name was simply The Army Band. It was founded in 1922 by order from John J. Pershing who was the Army Chief of Staff and commander of the American Expeditionary Forces during
World War I (see Figure 1). In 1946 the band became the United States Army Band; in tribute to its founder, the formal title of “Pershing’s Own” was added in 1966. With around twenty-three members and poorly equipped, the Army Band made its debut in Washington, DC on April 22,
1922 in a parade commemorating Ulysses S. Grant’s 100th birthday.
Figure 1. General John J. Pershing (Courtesy saboteur365.wordpress.com)
The Army Band, under the order from General Pershing, became the official military musical ensemble representing the Army; however, it was apparent that few of the men assigned to the unit possessed the musical skills and quality instruments necessary for the band to establish itself as a peer to the United States Marine Band, which was founded in 1798.1
Although the band struggled through the spring and summer of 1922, in September of that year
1 Scott Anthony Weiss, “A History of The United States Army Band ‘Pershing’s Own,’ 1945-2000,” EdD diss., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2004, 8.
2 two significant developments occurred in the Army Band organization. The first was to remove
Warrant Officer Francis Leigh as bandleader. The reason for Leigh’s removal is unclear; however, it is known that by August he had fallen out of Pershing’s good graces.2 The second development was to move the band from Fort Hunt to the Washington Barracks (later renamed
Fort McNair), which was closer to the Capitol. As the band began to perform more often in
Washington, DC it became evident that they needed a location nearby for easier transportation to and from the city. The Washington Barracks remained the headquarters for the Army Band until
1942.
The decision was made to hold a competition to replace Leigh. Warrant Officer William
J. Stannard won the position, and he was appointed bandleader on February 6, 1923. In June of the following year, General Order 26 was passed instituting higher grade structures for the band.
With a new bandleader and higher pay, the Army Band began to attract more and better qualified musicians. By the time Pershing retired in 1924, the Army Band was allowed ninety men consisting of some of the finest musicians in the country who were leaving the less reliable civilian bands.3
With better job security and a more stable environment, the Army Band began to gain recognition and notoriety. In April of 1924, the Army Band performed on a series of radio broadcasts which were heard throughout the country and brought national recognition. On March
4, 1925 the Army Band led the inauguration parade for President Coolidge, and they have continued to lead the inauguration parades for every president since. In addition to the increasing number of high level state and military ceremonial duties being asked of them, the band was also
2 Weiss, “A History of The United States Army Band ‘Pershing’s Own,’ 1945-2000”, 9. 3 Ibid., 10.
3 asked to perform sit down concerts which included the summer concerts in Washington, DC. As the band continued to become more visible, they were also assigned to perform at high-profile special events, such as the reception held for Charles Lindbergh when he returned home from his trans-Atlantic flight in 1927. In 1928, the band embarked on an extensive concert tour throughout the country that ended in 1931, performing in 230 cities in forty-one states. These concerts helped to further establish the Army Band as one of the premier musical ensembles in the United States military.4
On June 30, 1935, Warrant Officer Stannard retired and was replaced by Captain Thomas
F. Darcy. To meet the additional requirements placed on the unit, in February 1942 the Army
Band was authorized 118 men and was reassigned to Fort Myer, Virginia, located next to
Arlington National Cemetery. In addition to the band’s other duties, it began to provide support for military funerals at the cemetery. Thus, the formation of “the funeral band” which was officially designated the Auxiliary Band of The Army Band. The Auxiliary Band remained a separate unit within the organization and later was expanded to become the United States Army
Ceremonial Band (see figure 2).
4 Weiss, “A History of The United States Army Band ‘Pershing’s Own,’ 1945-2000,” 11.
4
Figure 2. Ceremonial Band participating in a military funeral at Arlington National Cemetery. (Courtesy The United States Army Band historical archives)
In June of 1943, under the direction of Leader and Commander Captain Darcy, the band was ordered overseas to assist in the war effort. The only Washington, DC based band ever to participate in a combat theatre of operations, the Army Band’s tour of duty during World War II lasted two years. The band was stationed in Algiers from June 1943 to April 1944, the United
Kingdom until October 1944, and in France until June 1945, performing in seventeen countries and many major cities in Europe The band performed at hospitals, for field troops and civilians, and broadcast performances on the radio. They also formed a dance band and began performing dance and jazz concerts for the military and public5 (see figure 3).
5 Weiss, “A History of The United States Army Band ‘Pershing’s Own,’ 1945-2000,” 14.
5
Figure 3. The Army Band performing in Europe during World War II. (Courtesy The United States Army Band historical archives)
After World War II the Army Band consisted of 114 men, but as military bands and their music became popular, the band began to add several diversified musical units to the organization. Today, The United States Army Band “Pershing’s Own,” consists of approximately
260 men and women in ten separate ensembles. The separate units that make up the band are The
US Concert Band, The US Army Ceremonial Band, The US Army Blues (jazz band), The US
Army Brass Quintet, The US Army Woodwind Quintet, The US Army Chorus (men’s chorus),
The US Army Voices (mixed chorus), The US Army Strings, The US Army Band Downrange
(entertainment ensemble), and the US Army Herald Trumpets. Also, because of the band’s extensive schedule there is attached to the unit a full library staff which includes composers/arrangers, a recording studio and staff, an administrative staff, and a complete operations staff that includes stage crew along with uniform and equipment supply personnel.
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Founders
Lieutenant Colonel (Retired) Gilbert Mitchell (1925-2016) was born in Lykens,
Pennsylvania and began playing the cornet at an early age under the tutelage of Harry McCall, a local bandsman. As a seventh grader Mitchell continued his studies with C. Eugene Erb, a student of the famous cornetist, Frank Simon. Then in tenth grade he was awarded the opportunity to study with Ernest Williams. Ernest Williams was a well-known bandleader and cornetist who also served as principal trumpet with the Philadelphia Symphony Orchestra.
Mitchell began his professional career playing trumpet with the Radio City Music Hall
Symphony Orchestra and the New York City Symphony under the direction of Leopold
Stokowski. Later, he became principal trumpet with the New Orleans Symphony Orchestra.
Owing to his versatility as a trumpet player, during the summer months Mitchell performed with the Les Brown Band at New York’s infamous Copacabana Night Club.
In 1946, Mitchell was drafted into the Army and after basic training was given orders to report to The United States Army Band in Washington, DC. After a year with the band, Mitchell decided to make the Army his career and was soon advanced to Principal Cornetist. In 1960, in an unprecedented move in the band’s history, then Master Sergeant Mitchell was promoted to
Captain and appointed Assistant Leader. He still remains the only non-commissioned officer of any Army Band to be promoted to a commissioned position. He retired from the band in 1970 as
Associate Conductor at the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. He was awarded the Legion of Merit
Award for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services and achievements. The Legion of Merit Award is one of only two United States military decorations
7 to be issued as a “neck order” (an award that is worn around the neck as opposed to being pinned to the uniform) and is sixth in the order of precedence of all US military awards.
After retirement from the Army, Mitchell continued his musical career as a conductor and educator. In addition to being the trumpet professor at George Mason University, he also conducted the US Department of Agriculture Symphony Orchestra and the Northern Virginia
Chamber Orchestra. In 1997 he formed Brass of Peace, a competitive high school brass ensemble program which performs several concerts during the year in and around the Washington, DC metropolitan area.
Figure 4. LTC Gilbert Mitchell (Courtesy The United States Army Band historical archives)
Former Specialist William Bramwell Smith II (1929-1993) had an extensive and colorful professional musical career. Born in Ottawa, Canada, Smith began learning to play the cornet at age ten from his father and uncle. At 14, he was principal cornet with the Royal Regiment of
Canada Band. The Royal Regiment of Canada Band is a Toronto based volunteer militia band attached to the Royal Regiment of Canada (originally known in 1862 as the 10th Battalion
Volunteer Militia). Throughout its existence the Royal Regiment of Canada Band gained a
8 reputation for outstanding performance. In addition to its many awards as a championship ensemble, it has played for every British monarch from Queen Victoria to Queen Elizabeth II.
After attending the Royal Conservatory of Music in Toronto from 1945-1949, Smith secured a position as a cornet player with the United States Marine Band. Soon after leaving the
Marine Band in 1957 to pursue a career back in Canada, Gil Mitchell persuaded Smith to return to join the United States Army Band. The two had known each other and had become friends while in Washington, DC together. In addition to his co-founding of the Herald Trumpets, Smith also composed fanfares for the group. His most played composition is Fanfare, Processional, and Recessional which was written and performed for the inauguration of President John F.
Kennedy. The “Processional” section of the piece is still played by the Herald Trumpets when performing at the White House for official presidential ceremonies. Gil Mitchell said in his tribute to Bram Smith: “Without Bram, the United States Army Herald Trumpets would not have been formed, and the army would be poorer without this great ceremonial legacy.”6
After completing his enlistment in 1961 with the United States Army Band, Smith decided to leave the army and become the chairman of the brass department at American
University in Washington, DC. Concurrently, he also served as a clinician for Leblanc-Holton musical instruments and toured North America as a conductor and performer at university seminars. In 1967 he again returned to Canada to serve as the music director for the Royal
Canadian Mounted Police Band and held that position until 1975. From 1975-1978 Smith was educational consultant for The Yamaha Instrument Company in Canada and in 1978 he became
Director of Bands at Humber College in Toronto. An unusual and interesting opportunity came
6 Gilbert Mitchell, “The United States Army Herald Trumpets and the Memory of W. Bramwell Smith (1929-1993),” ITG Journal 21, no. 1 (1996) 29.
9
Smith’s way in 1982 when King Hassan II of Morocco asked him to be music director of the
Royal Moroccan Air Force Band. Upon leaving his position at the Royal Moroccan Air Force
Band in 1983 and his post as Director of Bands at Humber College, Smith became director of the concert band at the University of Toronto in 1987. Smith is recorded as a trumpet soloist in
“Bram Smith and His Trumpet,” as conductor of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Band in
“Dynamic Sound," and featured in the film “Artistry in Brass.”
Figure 5. SPC W. Bramwell Smith II (Courtesy The United States Army Band historical archives)
The predecessor to the Herald Trumpets originated in 1948 when Gilbert Mitchell, associate principal cornet, formed a small brass ensemble from the ranks of the band using traditional brass instruments. It was the desire of Mitchell and his fellow brass players to create an additional performance outlet for themselves.7 Although the group performed on occasion, it never became firmly established as a distinct performing ensemble within the band. Performance opportunities were limited and the nature of the ensemble did not lend itself well to the military mission of the band.
7 Michael L.Yoder and Michael A. Parnell, “The United States Army Herald Trumpets Celebrate 40 Years,” ITG Journal 24, no. 1 (1999) 63.
10
In the late 1950s the idea of establishing a musical brass ensemble within the band was rekindled when Bramwell Smith joined Mitchell as associate principal cornet. Smith and
Mitchell shared not only the principal cornet stand in the Concert Band but also a passion for brass literature. Determined not to let this opportunity slip through their fingers, Mitchell and
Smith persuaded their commander, Lieutenant Colonel Hugh Curry, to consider the value and splendor that Herald Trumpets would add to the band’s military ceremonies.8
Heraldic trumpets were not a new concept, having been used since ancient times.
Referenced many times in the Bible, trumpeters were asked to play calls for battles and fanfares for royal ceremonial occasions. A long, valveless, funnel shaped metal tube, the trumpet was able to play only a few notes, and its function remained the same for several centuries. During the late Renaissance and early Baroque eras, the ability to bend metal allowed the trumpet to become more versatile and easier to play. Composers began writing music for the instrument and trumpeters were able to perform more sophisticated music. For more information, “The
Trumpet” by Edward Tarr is an excellent source.
Mitchell’s and Smith’s idea was to establish an ensemble of long-belled trumpets patterned after the British “Coronation” trumpets.9 The British “Coronation” trumpets, also known as Fanfare trumpets, were introduced for the first time at the Coronation of King George
VI in 1937. Below is a picture of the British Royal Marine Band Coronation Trumpets with the
United States Army Band Herald Trumpets (see Figure 6).
8 Yoder and Parnell, 63. 9 Ibid.
11
Figure 6. The United States Army Herald Trumpets (on the left) with the British Royal Marine Band Coronation Trumpets, Canadian National Exhibition, Toronto, 1980. (Personal collection)
Adapting this historical tradition, along with full instrumentation, the Herald Trumpets were the ideal ensemble to carry out the ceremonial obligations of the United States Army, and in 1959
The United States Army Herald Trumpets became a reality.
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Development
The United States Army Herald Trumpet’s inaugural performance was in 1959 when they welcomed Queen Elizabeth II, monarch of Canada, to Chicago for events related to the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway (see Figure 8). A joint project between Canada and the United
States, the Saint Lawrence Seaway was an impressive construction project of canals and locks linking the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes. William Bramwell (Bram) Smith III fondly recalls his father’s memories leading up to the event: “When Lieutenant Colonel Curry found out that the Herald Trumpets were performing for such an historic occasion, he informed Gil Mitchell, who had been leading the Herald Trumpets even though he was only a Master Sergeant, that he himself as ‘leader and commander’ of the Army Band was going to conduct the ensemble. Gil was amused with this sudden interest by the Lieutenant Colonel in this new organization”10 (see
Figure 7).
10 W. Bramwell Smith III, interview by author, Fort Myer, VA, February 20, 2018.
13
Figure 7. Ceremony for Queen Elizabeth II at the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway in Chicago. 1959 (Courtesy The United States Army Band historical archives)
The Herald Trumpets’ first official ceremony in Washington, DC was in April 1960 when they were chosen to render honors for President Eisenhower and the arrival of President de
Gaulle from France. Gilbert Mitchell recounts the ceremony in this way:
As President Eisenhower stepped from his car at Washington National Airport, the United States Army Herald Trumpets sounded “Four Ruffles and Flourishes” and “Hail to the Chief.” It was a brilliant scene…the historically emblazoned deep-throated rope tension drums and the long silver bells of the trumpets forming a perfect line with heraldic tabards glistening in the sunlight. The sound and picture were magnificent, and the inimitable broad grin on President Eisenhower’s face more than announced that from that day forth we were to be a regular part of official Washington ceremonies.11
11 Gilbert Mitchell, “Gil Mitchell: A Musician Merely,” Unpublished manuscript, 1998, 30.
14
Mitchell went on to say: “This was the first time in the history of the Marine Band that they stood silent while another musical organization sounded honors for the President of the United
States. Believe me, they did not take it lightly.”12 Below is a photograph of a typical arrival ceremony of a foreign dignitary (see figure 8).
Figure 8. Example of an arrival ceremony (Personal Collection)
Several days after de Gaulle’s arrival ceremony, Vice President Richard Nixon arrived at
Washington National Airport for the French leader’s departure ceremony. In a scene very similar to the one described above, Nixon stepped out of his car as the Herald Trumpets played “Four
Ruffles and Flourishes” and a condensed version of the march Hail Columbia. Hail Columbia had been selected and specially prepared in an effort to establish an official fanfare for Vice
Presidential honors. As Mitchell recalls: “Immediately following the music, Mrs. Pat Nixon ran over to me and asked me what that wonderful music was that we played for her husband. I
12 Mitchell, “Gil Mitchell: A Musician Merely,” 30.
15 happened to have a copy of a small score with me, so I handed it to her, but there was no time to explain anything concerning it.”13
The next day, Vice President Nixon sent the following letter to General Gailey,
Commanding General of the Military District of Washington (see figure 9):
13 Mitchell, “Gil Mitchell: A Musician Merely,” 30.
16
Figure 9. Letter from President Nixon to General Galley. (Courtesy Dr. Scott Weiss)
17
From that point forward the Herald Trumpets used “Four Ruffles and Flourishes” followed by Hail Columbia for Vice Presidential Honors, and on November 9, 1965, these honors were officially approved.
In November 1961, the Herald Trumpets were invited to participate in the historic inaugural festivities of President Kennedy. Since then, the Herald Trumpets have performed in all presidential inaugurations and have become the official fanfare ensemble for the President of the United States.
Mitchell’s and Smith’s initial intention for the Herald Trumpets was as an independent ceremonial fanfare unit consisting of long-belled trumpets, to be played standing up in a straight military manor; however, their first ceremonies were performed in the front of the band.
According to Mitchell: “From the beginning, I was the conductor of the group as a Master
Sergeant. However, our first ceremonies were done by using eight herald trumpets in the front row of the band which was okay but not what we had envisioned.”14
When President Eisenhower requested something special be done for the welcoming ceremony of President de Gaulle, Sam King, former Military District of Washington Ceremonial
Officer, suggested using the newly formed Herald Trumpets. Mitchell remembers: “Once the request was approved, our Supply Section, headed by Supply Sergeant Tom Story, made three sections of stairs to show the Heralds off for ceremonies, and we were ready to go!”15
14 Mitchell, “Gil Mitchell: A Musician Merely,” 29. 15 Ibid.
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Instruments
Now that Mitchell’s and Smith’s vision was coming to fruition they were able to standardize the instrumentation used by the Herald Trumpets. Their idea was to use long-belled silver plated trumpets with a tabard displayed decoratively from the extended bell of the instrument. The instrumentation is in seven parts: one E-flat soprano, three B-flat mezzo- sopranos, two B-flat tenors, and one G bass. Each of these parts are doubled, requiring fourteen players, and on rare occasions tripled, requiring twenty-one players. Soon after their inception the Heralds incorporated two rope snare drums. Master Sergeant Gil Mitchell was the Heralds’ first official conductor; however, after his retirement as a Lieutenant Colonel, the Heralds have since been assigned an officer to lead the group.
From the beginning, members of the Herald Trumpets were volunteer brass and percussion musicians selected from the band. The E-flat soprano and B-flat mezzo-soprano parts were played by cornet and trumpet players, and the B-flat tenor and G bass parts were played by trombone and euphonium players. Volunteering to perform with the Herald Trumpets is still practiced in the Band today, although members of the Heralds are now chosen from the
Ceremonial Band. In 1954 the “Ceremonial Funeral Band” became a separate unit of the United
States Army Band with nineteen members. As the Ceremonial Band’s commitments increased it became necessary to augment the size of the ensemble. As a result, in 1964 the Ceremonial Band was expanded to twenty-five musicians with an additional seventeen Herald Trumpet players, bringing the total to forty-two members.
Once the Herald Trumpets became a separate unit of the United States Army Band, the search was on for a full complement of instruments. At the time, there were several instrument
19 manufactures making a modern herald trumpet; however, it was difficult locating one that produced both the treble and bass voices. The majority of makers had only the E-flat and B-flat trumpets available. Fortunately, the instrument makers at Boosey & Hawkes, Ltd. of London,
England manufactured a full set of herald trumpets. These instruments were used by the United
States Army Band Herald Trumpets until 1992.
Although Boosey & Hawkes had been the only manufacturer for many years, the instruments themselves were difficult to play, exhibiting issues with inconsistent intonation and bright tone quality. In 1992 the E-flat and B-flat instruments were replaced by custom-made herald trumpets designed and manufactured specifically for the ensemble by Roy Lawler of
Florida; however, the tenor and bass players still performed on the Boosey & Hawkes instruments, adding problems of balance and blend. Lawler did not make the tenor and bass instruments.
In 2004 the band contracted Kanstul Musical Instruments, Inc. from California to manufacture a full set of herald trumpets for the ensemble. These instruments were purchased in time to be used for the 2005 inauguration ceremony of President George W. Bush. In 2007, B- flat bass instruments replaced the G bass instruments to eliminate the need for transposition.
Sergeant First Class Trent Stockton, the United States Army Band historian and member of the
Herald Trumpets, asserts that the present members of the Heralds appreciate and enjoy performing on the Kanstul instruments because they are so much better than the previous ones.16
This was the first complete set of herald trumpets purchased all together since the Heralds’ inception.
16 Trent Stockton, interview by author, February 20, 2018.
20
When the Herald Trumpets traveled to Chicago for their very first assignment in 1959, it was decided to include tympani to enhance the fanfares. Because of the nature of the Heralds, it was quickly realized that using tympani was not going to be practical. The instrument’s size requires more performance space, and transportation to and from engagements would slow down the mobility of the ensemble. Before giving up on the idea, wheels were attached to the bottom of the tympani to help with movement. The wheels proved ineffective and were soon abandoned
(see Figure 10). However, tympani and other percussion instruments such as bass drum and cymbals are used in concert situations or special performances.
Figure 10. Tympani on wheels, 1959. (Courtesy The United States Army Band historical archives)
It was decided that a snare drum, which could easily be carried by the player, should be used. The type of drum used with the Herald Trumpets is a rope tension drum, fashioned after historic European military instruments. The British brought them to the United States and used them extensively during the Revolutionary War. In 1952, famed New York drum maker Gus
21
Moeller designed and made rope drums specifically for the Army Band. Because of the brightly painted scenes on each instrument, they are known as “The Grand Republic”. One of the original
Grand Republic drums is on display at the Smithsonian Institute in Washington, DC. The shell, or body, of the drum is hand-made from a single piece of ash, bent under heat and pressure, and then hand painted. Tension on the drum is brought about by means of a single piece of rope forty-seven feet long threaded through the rims and tied in a large knot (see Figure 11).
Figure 11. Grand Republic Snare Drum (Courtesy The United States Army Band historical archives)
The two rope drum players in the ensemble are an important and significant addition.
This is especially true when the Heralds are performing for a ceremony that involves timing. For example, if the Heralds are playing for a ceremony where the fanfare needs to be extended, the drummers play a roll or cadence to fill in the gap. Also, when the Heralds execute a sweep
(described in the following section) a drum roll is simultaneously played.
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Tabards
The decorative tabards that hang from the extended bell of the herald trumpets add pomp and flair to the visual effect of the ensemble. The Herald Trumpets have used three different designs of tabards. The first tabard in 1959 displayed an eagle from the Coat of Arms of the
United States. They were blue, fringed with yellow; under the insignia was a white scroll, bordered and lettered “The U. S. Army Band” in red.
In 1966, “Pershing’s Own” was added to the band’s official title, and soon afterwards the
Herald Trumpets were issued a new tabard with the design of the newly acquired Army Band
Coat of Arms. This tabard depicted the shield of the coat of arms measuring seventeen inches wide and twenty inches long, fringed in gold.
In 1996, to commemorate the Herald Trumpets’ participation in the Olympic Games in
Atlanta Georgia, a newly designed tabard was used. These new tabards display the Army Band’s
Coat of Arms in its entirety, set in either a blue or white background. These tabards are the present ones used by the Heralds. Following in a description of the Army Band’s Coat of Arms
(see Figure 12).
Figure 12. The United States Army Band Coat of Arms. (Courtesy The United States Army Band)
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The Coat of Arms consists of three parts:
The Shield
Contains eight red and white stripes that allude to an octave in music. The blue border represents that the band is the chief musical organization of the entire Army. The sword and the baton indicate the band’s mission of supplying military music. The small gold and black shield symbolizes the band’s Rhineland Campaign Honor received during World War II.
The Crest
Contains a laurel wreath, a symbol of honor and prominence, formed in the shape of a lyre to symbolize music. The large white star symbolizes that the band is the “Band of the Chief of Staff” and also represents General Pershing’s founding role. The bugle horn symbolizes a military marching band.
The Motto
The scroll contains the Band’s official designation, “Pershing’s Own,” referring to the band’s founder, General John J. Pershing.
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Figure 13. Herald trumpets, rope drums, and tabards on display at Brucker Hall, Fort Myer, Virginia, headquarters of The United States Army Band.
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Musicians and Formations
When the Herald Trumpets were assigned to the Ceremonial Band, the ensemble remained a volunteer unit. Generally, the members of the Herald Trumpets were always the same players, although on occasion substitutes were used. The musicians who volunteered to perform with the Heralds did so with the understanding that they were still expected to honor their many other duties with the band. Playing a herald trumpet requires some adjusting. Holding the tabard draped instrument in a playing position for an extended period of time can be quite taxing on the performer’s arms and shoulders. In addition, in comparison with traditional instruments, the musicians must become accustomed to the sound being further away and in the case of trombone players, using valves.
The advantage the Herald Trumpets have is their ability to perform with other types of musical ensembles in a variety of settings. Almost all of their fanfares are memorized, and on rare occasions a flip folder on a lyre can be used if a piece of music must be read. The unit carries everything they need with them for performances, including: uniforms, cases with instruments, tabards, and music if needed. The Herald Trumpets always perform standing in full military uniform, never removing the Army Band’s distinctive red hat, even indoors, where it is customary to remove head gear.
The Heralds stand in basically three formations, depending on the space available or the nature of the performance. The most common formation is a straight or arced line, used in a larger space with high visibility. This arrangement would feature the percussion in the middle with the treble trumpet section on one side and the bass trumpet section on the other, lined up
26 from tallest to shortest member on either side of the percussion. Such occasions would include ceremonies at the White House, stadiums, concert halls, and other large venues (see Figure 14).
Figure 14. Herald trumpets in most common formation on White House grounds with President Reagan. (Courtesy The United States Army Band historical archives)
When space in limited, the Heralds will perform in two even rows one in front of the other, preferably on steps. This formation is used when the Heralds are assigned to play at the north side of the White House (Pennsylvania Avenue) (see Figure 15).
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Figure 15. Herald Trumpets in two lines in front of White House. (Personal collection)
The third formation requires the use of a riser upon which the Heralds stand and which is assembled at the site. The riser is used in large, open, outdoor areas or on uneven terrain (see
Figure 16).
.
Figure 16. Herald Trumpets on a riser in front of Brucker Hall. (Personal collection)
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The Herald Trumpets almost always hold the instruments across their body at the waist parallel to the floor, allowing for the tabard to hang down to create a uniform colorful effect.
When bringing the trumpet to a playing position, the Heralds either bring the instruments straight up, or use what is called “the sweep”. The sweep is used often and looks like its name, a sweeping arc motion downward and then up to the playing position. This arc motion adds an impressive ceremonial visual effect to the fanfare about to be played. When performing at the south balcony of the White House, the Heralds rest their instruments on the railing and bring them straight up when about to play.
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Uniforms
The uniforms worn by the band have gone through multiple changes and revisions. From
1922-1924, the Army Band had no formal uniform of their own and wore what is known as olive drab (OD 33); however in June of 1924, the band began wearing its first distinctive dress uniform which had been designed by General Pershing. The uniform was a blue-grey shade which was soon termed “Pershing Grey,” but was actually the regulation “Cadet Grey” of the
United States Military Academy cadet uniform (see Figures 17 and 18). The Army Band donned the “Pershing Grey” uniforms for the last time on Monday, July 19, 1948 for General Pershing’s funeral, after which they were permanently retired.
Figure 17. The original Army Band uniform, Pershing Grey. (Courtesy The United States Army Band historical archives) The drummer on the left is William F. Ludwig, famous drum-maker. He was in Washington, DC marketing his drum line when CPT William Stannard, the Army Band leader, asked if he would like to march in the 1925 Inaugural Parade for Coolidge. Ludwig accepted and suited up.
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During their overseas service (1943-1945) the Army Band adopted a “slate-blue” uniform of summer weight wool. Unfortunately, this uniform lacked distinction, and the unusual shade of material was difficult to match (see Figure 18). It was discarded after the war.
Figure 18. On left, wool serge, OD 33 uniform (1922-24). On right, wool serge, blue uniform (1943-45). (Courtesy The United States Army Band historical archives.)
After several attempts with new uniform designs and materials, the band settled on the olive drab “Ike Jackets” and trousers in 1948, featuring yellow trim on the cap, jacket and trousers. While Gilbert Mitchell admits that this uniform was “soldierly,” he also concedes, “for
‘dress’ the color was drab.”17
17 Weiss, “A History of The United States Army Band ‘Pershing’s Own,’ 1945-2000,” 89.
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In the early 1950s a stock of surplus “Cavalry Yellow” material was discovered and used for the band’s new uniforms. These uniforms were unveiled in the early summer of 1951 and featured on the front page of the Washington Star Pictorial Magazine on July 1, 1951. The focal point of the uniform was a long yellow jacket trimmed in a brilliant cobalt or “Chemical Corps” blue. The trousers and hats were blue with yellow trim (see Figure 19). The Army Band now had a uniform as distinctive as the red, white, and gold worn by the Marine Band.
Figure 19. The yellow uniform (1951-56). (Courtesy The United States Army Band historical archives)
Around this time the band also adopted a summer uniform of a lighter, Palm Beach-type cloth. Originally, it was identical to the yellow uniform except that white cloth was used in place of the yellow. Later, its blouse was modified to give it an open collar with lapels, to be worn with white shirt and black tie.
Unfortunately, both uniforms soon exhibited considerable problems. The yellow uniforms turned various shades of orange and then began to disintegrate, and when the white
32 uniforms were dry-cleaned the colors ran, and the white and blue materials shrank. As a result, both uniforms were discarded and replaced by the official dress blue uniform of the Army. The
Army uniform featured a dark blue blouse and hat and light blue trousers with gold stripes down the seams. In 1957 the Army added golden shoulder knots, breast cords, and cap cords; however, the uniform was not distinctive to the band.
Figure 20. Blue uniform (1957-68), with original tabards. (Courtesy Gilbert Mitchell collection)
It was not until 1969 that the Army Band would get a new distinctive dress uniform.
Starting in 1965, a new uniform was being developed to be worn exclusively by the United
States Army Band. Major Gilbert Mitchell, the project officer for the Band, researched the new uniform using the Army Band’s Coat of Arms as a basis for selecting colors, materials and ornamental details. The new uniforms consisted of a winter weight dark blue coat and sky blue trousers with gold trim down the outside seams. The coat utilized a high military collar featuring insignia derived from the band’s Coat of Arms. Besides being more traditional, this collar eliminated the need for white shirts and ties.
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The front of the coat consisted of eight metal buttons representing the eight bars in the shield of the coat of arms, and an ornamental shoulder cord was attached to the left shoulder and dangled loosely under the left arm. In addition, the shoulder loops, front edge, and bottom of the coat were all piped with one-eighth inch wide gold edge braid. The chevrons, or rank insignia, were in gold and designed to be worn with the point down. This was inverted from the rest of the
Army; however, this is how they were worn in the Cavalry from 1847 -1902. For summer wear, a lightweight white coat, designed exactly like the dark blue one, was worn.
A red hat was created to be worn regardless of which coat was selected. Matching the color in the coat of arms, it was chosen to represent the red coats worn by musicians from the
Revolutionary War to the beginning of the Civil War. The top of the cap was dark blue with piped gold braid on the seam, and a gold-colored metal insignia of the coat of arms was displayed on the front (see Figure 21).
Since its official debut for the inauguration of President Nixon on January 9, 1969, this uniform has remained the distinctive dress uniform for the United States Army Band “Pershing’s
Own” and the longest lasting uniform in the band’s history.
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Figure 21. Army Band dress blue uniform (1969 – present). (Courtesy The United States Army Band historical archives)
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Music
The music of the Herald Trumpets typically provides functionality to ceremonies of national and international significance. At its inception, much of the ensemble’s repertoire was borrowed from the British military bands. One of the most frequently played British fanfares is
Jubilant by Sir Arthur Bliss (1881-1975). Originally from London, Bliss was director of music for the BBC during World War II, and after the war was appointed “Master of the Queen’s
Music.” Although several British fanfares have remained standard repertoire for the Heralds, writers and arrangers in the Army Band also began composing music for the ensemble.
Following is a list of fanfares performed by the Herald Trumpets, collected by Sergeant
First Class Stockton and the band’s library staff. Unfortunately, according to their research, this list is incomplete and information regarding many fanfares has been lost or destroyed.
Australia Antiphonal Fanfare SGM Paul Murtha Written for TUSAB’s trip to Brisbane, Australia in 2000 and used primarily for the Herald Trumpet clinic. Black Jack Fanfare SMG Alex Smith Bugler’s Dream Leo Arnoud arr. MSG Arthur Cohen Premiered at the 1980 Winter Olympic Games in Lake Placid, NY. Bugler’s Dream Leo Arnoud arr. SGM Paul Murtha Re-arranged for the Herald Trumpet Clinic. Call to Statesmanship SMG James Kessler Written in 1983 primarily for White House arrival ceremonies. Ceremonial Fanfare John Krance Christmas in Washington SGM Dennis Edelbrock Written in 1985 for “Christmas in Washington”, a yearly televised holiday special. Cold One COL Eugene Allen Written in 1979 and used in cold weather when instrument valves may freeze. Coronation Fanfare Albert Ketelbey
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Borrowed fanfare from British composer, written in 1952. Democracy (Olympic) Fanfare SGM James Kessler Premiered at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, NY. East to West (Japanese Fanfare) COL Eugene Allen Premiered in 1972 in Hawaii for a military review ceremony for President Nixon and Emperor Hirohito of Japan. Fanfare SMG Alex Smith Fanfare for Heroes Sir Arthur Bliss Borrowed fanfare from British composer. Fanfare No. 1 for a Dignified Occasion Sir Arthur Bliss Borrowed fanfare from British composer. Fanfare for a Ceremonial Occasion Albert Ketelbey Borrowed fanfare from British composer, written in 1935. Fanfare for a Festive Occasion Arthur Benjamin Borrowed fanfare from Australian composer, written in 1938. Fanfare for a State Occasion Arthur Benjamin Borrowed fanfare from Australian composer, written in 1953. Fanfare “La Peri” Paul Dukas arr. MSG Arthur Cohen Festmusik der Stadt Wien Richard Strauss arr. MSG Arthur Cohen Arranged primarily for the Herald Trumpet clinic. Hail Columbia Philip Phile arr. Raymond Kirby The official fanfare for the Vice President. Hail to the Chief James Sanderson arr. Loren Wilfong The official fanfare for the President. Heroic Fanfare SMG Paul Murtha Written in 2001 and premiered for the “Ground Zero” concert in NY. Invictus Fanfare Chris Martin Written in 2016 and premiered for the Invictus Games in Orlando, FL Jubilant Sir Arthur Bliss Originally composed for the science fiction film “Things to Come.” The King’s Fanfare SPC Bram Smith arr. Raymond Kirby Dedicated to COL King for his assistance in the establishment of the Herald Trumpets as an official ensemble with the Army Band. L.A. Fanfare Jeffrey Reynolds Majestic Fanfare No. 1 COL Eugene Allen Written in 1971 for the arrival ceremony of Emperor Hirohito of Japan in Anchorage, Alaska.
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Olympic Fanfare John Williams arr. MSG Arthur Cohen Performed at the 1984 Summer World Games in Los Angeles, CA. Praeludium Militis SPC Bram Smith arr. Raymond Kirby Presidential Processional SPC Bram Smith arr. Raymond Kirby A Queen’s Fanfare William Walton arr. MSG Arthur Cohen Recessional SPC Bram Smith arr. Raymond Kirby Regalia John Krance Performed as the opening fanfare for the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, NY. Rule Britannia Thomas Arne arr. Joseph Jenkins A Salute to a New Beginning SGM Dennis Edelbrock Written in 1980 for President Reagan’s Inauguration. The Stars and Stripes Forever John Philip Sousa arr. SGM Paul Murtha The Star Spangled Banner arr. SGM Dennis Edelbrock Written in 1998 and used until 2014. The Star Spangled Banner arr. SGM Paul Murtha Debuted at the 2014 Final Four NCAA Men’s Basketball Tournament. Station Break SGM Dennis Edelbrock Triumphant MSG Michael Brown Written in 2016 for President Trump’s Inauguration.
While most fanfares performed by the Heralds are ceremonial in nature, the brass literature includes an abundance of excellent and challenging fanfares in symphonic style. For example, the fanfare Festmusik der Stadt Wien (Festive Music for the City of Vienna) was written in 1943 by German composer Richard Strauss and dedicated to the Vienna Town Council for having been awarded the Beethoven Prize. It was written for the renowned Trompetenchor der Stadt Wien (Viennese Corp of Trumpeters) and scored for ten trumpets, seven trombones
(two altos, three tenors, and two bass), two tubas, and tympani, divided into two choirs.
Arranged for the Herald Trumpet by Master Sergeant (retired) Arthur Cohen Festmusik der Stadt
Wien is one of the most rigorous in the repertoire and is frequently performed at concerts and clinics.
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White House Ceremonies and Inaugurations
One of the most visual and colorful ceremonies in diplomatic Washington is the arrival of a visiting head of state at the White House. In an impressive display of military pageantry, a large assembly of troops from all five branches of the Armed Forces is arrayed on the south lawn. Lining the rear of the formation are service members carrying the flags of all fifty-six states and territories of the United States.
As the President and First Lady step out of the White House, the Herald Trumpets, positioned on the south balcony above them, perform the traditional Presidential Honors, “Four
Ruffles and Flourishes” and Hail to the Chief. Next, is the arrival of the limousine carrying the visiting dignitary onto the White House grounds. For this, the Heralds play a fanfare such as Call to Statesmanship, by Sergeant Major (retired) James Kessler.
The White House State Arrival ceremony contains many elements of a standard military review, including the playing of the national anthems of the visiting country and the United
States by one of the premiere military bands (The US Army Band, The US Marine Band, The US
Navy Band, The US Air Force Band or The US Coast Guard Band), an inspection of the Honor
Guard from each of the five military services by the President and visiting dignitary, and speeches.
Upon completion of the ceremony, the President escorts the visiting head-of -state and first ladies up the steps and onto the balcony where they recognize the crowd and media. As the official party enters the White House a fanfare is played by the Heralds, such as Fanfare No. 1 for a Dignified Occasion, by Sir Arthur Bliss.
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Figure 22. White House Presidential arrival ceremony. (Courtesy The United States Army Band historical archives)
The Herald Trumpets have participated in every Presidential Inauguration ceremony since President Kennedy’s in 1961. These historic events have offered the opportunity to unveil new uniforms, instruments, and music for the ensemble. From the new distinctive uniforms worn at President Richard Nixon’s inauguration in 1969 to the timely purchase of the Kanstul herald trumpets for use at President George W. Bush’s inauguration in 2005, several fanfares have also been composed specifically for Presidential Inauguration ceremonies. Some of these fanfares include: Presidential Processional by Specialist Bramwell Smith II for John F. Kennedy’s inauguration in 1961, A Salute to a New Beginning by Sergeant Major (retired) Dennis
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Edelbrock for Ronald Reagan’s inauguration in 1981, and Triumphant by Master Sergeant
Michael Brown for Donald Trump’s inauguration in 2017.
Figure 23. The United States Army Band and Herald Trumpets at presidential review stand during inaugural parade for President George W. Bush, January 20, 2001. (Courtesy of The United States Army Band historical archives)
From their first official ceremonies in Washington DC, the Herald Trumpets have been a fixture of pageantry in the nation’s capital. As this distinguished ensemble has gained recognition throughout the world, it has been requested to perform for events of international significance as well.
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The Olympic Games
The Heralds have played an important role in the opening ceremonies of the Olympic
Games held within the United States, including the 1980 Winter Olympic Games in Lake Placid,
New York; the 1984 Summer Olympic Games in Los Angeles, California; the 1996 Summer
Olympic Games in Atlanta, Georgia; and the 2002 Winter Olympic Games in Salt Lake City,
Utah.
In their first Olympic Games opening ceremony in Lake Placid, New York, the Herald
Trumpets premiered a live performance of the fanfare, Bugler’s Dream, arranged for the Heralds by staff arranger, Master Sergeant (retired) Arthur Cohen (see figure 24). Written by French-
American composer, Leo Arnuad (1904-1991), Bugler’s Dream has become the musical symbol of the Olympic Games. The theme of Bugler’s Dream is based on Joseph-David Buhl’s “salute aux etendards” (Salute to the Flags), a typical cavalry trumpet call composed during Napoleon’s
Consulate. Arnuad was commissioned by conductor Felix Slatkin to create a piece for his album
Charge! in 1958. For this, he wrote the Charge Suite which included “Bugler’s Dream.” The
American Broadcasting Company (ABC) began using the piece as the theme for its coverage of the 1964 Winter Olympic Games in Innsbruck, Austria.
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Figure 24. 1980 Olympic Games opening ceremonies, Lake Placid, NY. (Personal collection)
By 1984, John Williams’ film music was familiar to audiences the world over, and it was only natural that the Los Angeles Olympic Organizing Committee would turn to the city’s most famous composer of popular instrumental music when they decided to commission a fanfare to be used during the Games. William’s challenge was to write a new composition that would complement and not compete with Bugler’s Dream which had become synonymous with the
Olympic Games. The resulting composition, Olympic Fanfare and Theme, would feature herald trumpets for the opening fanfare section. Scored for full band, the fanfare reoccurs throughout the performance, creating a piece that is the very definition of inspirational music.
William’s premiered Olympic Fanfare and Theme with the Boston Pops Orchestra on
June 12, 1984 and then conducted it with the New American Symphony and the United States
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Army Herald Trumpets at the spectacular opening ceremonies of the XXIII Olympiad at the Los
Angeles Coliseum on July 28, 1984 (see figure 25).
Figure 25. Herald Trumpets with composer/conductor John Williams at the 1984 Olympic Games, Los Angeles, CA. (Courtesy The United States Army Band historical archives)
John Williams was called on again to write a new piece of music for the opening ceremonies of the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia (see figure 26). Summon the
Heroes is a one movement orchestral composition which features a dramatic fanfare in its theme.
Along with the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra and conductor John Williams, the United States
Army Herald Trumpets were asked to perform.
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Figure 26. Herald Trumpets entering Olympic stadium, 1996 Olympic Games, Atlanta, GA. (Courtesy The United States Army Band historical archives)
In 2002, John Williams composed the official Olympic theme for the Winter Olympics in
Salt Lake City, Utah, entitled Call of the Champions, a fanfare for orchestra and choir.
Premiered at the opening ceremonies on February 8, 2002, Call of the Champions featured the
Mormon Tabernacle Choir which began the piece with a call of “Citius! Altius! Fortius!” (Faster,
Higher, Stronger), the Olympic Motto chosen by the founder of the modern Games, Baron Pierre de Coubertin (1863-1937). Call of the Champions is the fourth composition for the Olympic
Games composed by Williams. In addition to Call of the Champions, Olympic Fanfare and
Theme, and Summon the Heroes, he also composed The Olympic Spirit for the 1988 Games which were held in Seoul, South Korea.
Although the Herald Trumpets did not participate in the performance of Call of the
Champions at the opening ceremonies in Salt Lake City, they were called upon to render honors of “Four Ruffles and Flourishes” and Hail to the Chief as President George W. Bush and Mrs.
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Bush entered the Olympic Stadium. Following the Presidential Honors, the Heralds accompanied the Mormon Tabernacle Choir and the Utah Symphony Orchestra in the playing of the United
States National Anthem (see figure 27).
On February 9, 2002, the Herald Trumpets participated in a concert held at the Mormon
Tabernacle in Salt Lake City as part of the Olympic festivities. This concert, entitled “America
Welcomes the World!” included the Mormon Tabernacle Choir, the Orchestra at Temple Square, the International Children’s Choir, and famed Metropolitan mezzo-soprano, Frederica von Stada.
The Heralds were featured performing Bugler’s Dream, Olympic Fanfare and Theme, and Call of the Champions with John Williams as the conductor.
Figure 27. 2002 Olympic Games, Salt Lake City, UT. (Courtesy The United States Army Band historical archives)
In addition to the four Olympic Games, the Heralds have also performed at the opening ceremonies for two Special Olympic World Games: the summer games in New Haven,
Connecticut in 1995 and the winter games in Anchorage, Alaska in 2001.
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Other Sporting Events
In 2016, the Herald Trumpets were invited to participate in a very special event called the
Invictus Games. The Invictus Games is an international adaptive sporting event, created by His
Royal Highness Prince Harry, in which wounded, injured, or sick military personnel and veterans take part in competitive sports. Named after the Latin word Invictus, meaning “unconquered,” the games were inspired by the Warrior Games, a similar event held in the United States. The first Invictus Games took place in March 2014 at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park in London.
Chris Martin, lead singer and co-founder of the British rock band Coldplay composed the official anthem entitled Invictus.
The second games opened on May 8, 2016 at the ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex at Disney World, Florida. The opening ceremony was attended by Prince Harry, First Lady
Michelle Obama, former President George W. Bush, and many other dignitaries. From May 7-
12, the Herald Trumpets participated in the internationally televised event including the opening, closing and all medal ceremonies. Based on the official theme, Invictus Fanfare was arranged by the composer specifically for the Herald Trumpets’ use at these ceremonies.
Because of their versatility and visual appeal, the US Army Herald Trumpets have been featured in many national and international televised sports events. Throughout their existence they have performed at several National Football League (NFL) and Major League Baseball
(MLB) games. In 2015, the Heralds, with college band members from Ball State University,
Indiana University, and Purdue University, performed a widely-viewed rendition of the Star
Spangled Banner in Indianapolis for the NCAA Men’s Basketball Final Four Tournament. In addition, in February 2005, the Herald Trumpets joined the combined choruses of the United
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States military academies in a critically acclaimed performance of the Star Spangled Banner at
Super Bowl XXXIX in Jacksonville, FL. Herald Trumpet member SFC Trent Stockton recalled the event: “I will never forget stepping onto the field to play the anthem. The moment was absolutely electric. The stadium was quaking and it was the loudest constant noise I have ever heard.”18
Figure 28. Herald Trumpets at Super Bowl XXXIX, 2005. (Courtesy The United States Army Band historical archives.)
18 Stockton, email interview by author, March 14, 2018.
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Music Performed with the Army Band
Early in its existence the Army Band performed outdoor summer concerts next to some of the national monuments in Washington, DC. The band would rotate locations and evenings with the other elite service bands in the nation’s capital to include: The US Marine Band, The US
Navy Band, and The US Air Force Band. These locations and evenings would change over the years. Since the early 1980s The United States Army Band has been performing at the Sylvan
Theatre, located on the grounds of the Washington Monument, on Tuesday evenings and on the west steps of the Capitol on Friday evenings from June through August. For several years, before relocating to the Washington Monument, the Army Band played on a barge in the Potomac River in front of the Watergate Complex. Although the Herald Trumpets were originally designed to perform fanfares for ceremonial events, they soon were being used to accompany the concert band at the summer concerts. The early concerts with the concert band would include the Heralds sounding a fanfare or performing a short selection and playing the National Anthem with the band. As they became more integrated, Army Band staff arrangers began writing parts to include the Herald Trumpets on some of the more powerful compositions.
Frequently played arrangements include:
1812 Overture by Pyotr IlyichTchaikovsky American Salute by Morton Gould Battle Hymn of the Republic by William Steefe Call of the Champions by John Williams Fanfare for the Common Man by Aaron Copeland Festive Overture by Dmitri Shostakovich Karelia Suite Op. 11 by Jean Sibelius Liberty Fanfare by John Williams March from “Aida” by Giuseppe Verdi
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Olympic Fanfare and Theme by John Williams Olympic Spirit by John Williams Pictures at an Exhibition (The Great Gate of Kiev) by Modest Mussorgsky Pines of Rome (Pines of the Appian Way) by Ottorino Respighi Servicemen on Parade by Richard Hayman Sinfonietta by Leos Janacek Summon the Heroes by John Williams Symphony No. 1in G Minor (Movement 4) by Vasily Kalinnikov The Washington Post March by John Philip Sousa
Figure 29. Program from summer concert series at the Watergate, August 25, 1959. (Courtesy of The United States Army Band historical archives)
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Holiday Events
In celebration of Independence Day, each July 4th a free concert is held on the west lawn of the US Capitol. Broadcast live on PBS, NPR, and the American Forces Network, “A Capitol
Fourth” is viewed and heard by millions across the United States and the world, as well as attended by more than half a million people at the Capitol. Beginning in 1979 and televised two years later, it is now the highest-rated show on PBS.19 The concert features elements of the 3rd
US Army Infantry Division (The Old Guard), the US Army Presidential Salute Battery, The US
Army Herald Trumpets and Ceremonial Band, the National Symphony Orchestra, and the Choral
Arts Society of Washington. A celebrity host and a variety of guests entertain and pay tribute to the country throughout the evening.
The concert finale begins with a rendition of Tchaikovsky’s 1812 Overture performed by the National Symphony Orchestra and accompanied by the Choral Arts Society of Washington,
The US Army Presidential Salute Battery, and the US Army Herald Trumpets. At the conclusion of the Overture, The National Park Service presents a spectacular fireworks display behind the
Washington Monument while the US Army Ceremonial Band performs marches.
The Herald Trumpets also have participated in two other popular televised events in
Washington DC. Beginning in 1989, “The National Memorial Day Concert” is held at the
Capitol in celebration of Memorial Day and is almost identical to “A Capitol Fourth.” The second event is called “Christmas in Washington.” “Christmas in Washington” first aired in 1982 on the second Sunday of December at the National Building Museum in Washington DC. It is a one-hour holiday special featuring artists from several musical genres. The Herald Trumpets
19 Stockton, email interview by author, March 14, 2018.
51 perform a fanfare at the beginning of the concert and “Four Ruffles and Flourishes” and Hail to the Chief for the President and First Lady. The program concludes with the singing of “Hark!
The Herald Angels Sing,” accompanied by the orchestra and the Heralds. “Christmas in
Washington” was cancelled in 2015 due to network decisions.
Figure 30. Herald Trumpets performing at “A Capitol Fourth.” (Courtesy The United States Army Band historical archives)
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Appearances with Orchestras
Although the Herald Trumpets’ primary responsibilities are still to the Military District of
Washington, especially to the ceremonies conducted at the White House, the ensemble is increasingly receiving invitations to perform at other events and concerts. Most of these invitations come from major symphony orchestras. Following is a list of performances with orchestras:
The Baltimore Symphony Orchestra Pictures at an Exhibition (The Great Gate of Kiev) by Mussorgsky and Sinfonietta by Janacek, both in 2004. The Boston Pops Orchestra Servicemen on Parade by Hayman in 2001, Fanfare for the Common Man by Copland in 2009, and Olympic Fanfare and Theme by Williams for “John William’s 80th Birthday Celebration Concert” at Tanglewood in 2012. The Boston Symphony Orchestra Pictures at an Exhibition (The Great Gate of Kiev) by Mussorgsky. The Cincinnati Pops Orchestra The Washington Post March by Sousa in 2003. Detroit Symphony Orchestra Festive Overture by Shostakovich in 2004. Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra Karelia Suite Op. 11 by Sibelius in 2003. Istanbul State Orchestra March from “Aida” by Verdi in 1993 in Istanbul, Turkey. The Los Angeles Philharmonic Olympic Fanfare and Theme by Williams at the Walt Disney Concert Hall in 2012. The National Symphony Orchestra 1812 Overture by Tchaikovsky for “A Capital Fourth” from 1979 to present and “The National Memorial Day Concert” from 1989 to present. The New American Symphony Orchestra Olympic Fanfare and Theme by Williams for the opening ceremonies of the 1984 Summer Olympic Games in Los Angeles.
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The Orchestra at Temple Square Bugler’s Dream, Olympic Fanfare and Theme, and Call of the Champions by Williams at the Mormon Tabernacle for the 2002 Winter Olympic Games in Salt Lake City. The St. Louis Symphony Orchestra Sinfonietta by Janacek in 2009. Utah Symphony Orchestra The Star Spangled Banner with the Mormon Tabernacle Choir in the opening ceremonies of the 2002 Winter Olympic Games in Salt Lake City.
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The Clinic
From school and civic events to extensive tours throughout the country and abroad, the
United States Armed Forces service bands are dedicated not only to entertaining their audiences, but to educating them as well. In addition, all concerts and materials--audio, video, educational, and promotional--are free to the public.
Following suit, the Herald Trumpets embarked on an educational project to inform students, educators, and the public about their history and role in the military. This project has become known as “The Clinic.” The first clinic took place in Philadelphia in 1975, and although it has been rewritten and reworked throughout the years, it still remains an important and popular part of the Heralds’ repertoire of performances.
The present clinic, “The US Army Herald Trumpets, Ruffles and Flourishes, Fanfares for
Presidents and World Events” was recorded in 2017 and is available on DVD. It is narrated by
SGM (retired) Michael Dudley with an introduction by former President George H. W. Bush. It includes a brief history, playing of fanfares, and videos of presidential ceremonies, Olympic
Games and Super Bowl XXXIX. As a special feature, the DVD also includes instrument demonstrations. According to SGM Michael Cano, Enlisted Group Leader of the Herald
Trumpets, the ensemble is in the process of requesting a short introduction for a future clinic by
John Williams.20
20 Michael Cano, Interview by author. Fort Myer, VA. February 20, 2018
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Television and Movies
The Herald Trumpets were established to provide ceremonial music and fanfares for military occasions. Eventually they were invited to provide their services for other national and international events. Recently, their purpose has expanded even further. Since the music written for and performed by the Herald Trumpets is in the public domain, their fanfares are being used by television commercials and programs, as well as in a movie. Some examples are:
Arby’s Restaurant commercial Dish Network commercial Impractical Jokers television program Subway Restaurant commercial Underdog, the Movie The Washington Capitals Professional Hockey Team commercial
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9/11
On October 6, 2001, the Herald Trumpets performed with The Army Concert Band and
Chorus at Avery Fisher Hall, Lincoln Center, New York City in tribute to the victims of
September 11. SGM Paul Murtha composed Heroic Fanfare specifically for the occasion.
Figure 31. Concert Band, Chorus, and Herald Trumpets performing at Avery Fisher Hall, Lincoln Center. (Courtesy The United States Army Band historical archives)
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The following day, members of the Ceremonial Band and Herald Trumpets performed a concert for the rescue and relief workers at the World Trade Center, now known as Ground Zero.
The concert was scheduled to help boost morale and hope for the workers, families, and friends of loved ones that perished or were injured in the disaster. Next to the still smoldering rubble, the band performed a short, emotional concert consisting of inspirational and patriotic music.
Figure 32. Ceremonial Band at Ground Zero, New York City, 2001. (Courtesy The United States Army Band historical archives)
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Notable Herald Trumpet Missions 1959-2017
Following is a list of notable missions performed by the Herald Trumpets as compiled by
SFC Trent Stockton, historian for the United States Army Band “Pershing’s Own” and member of the Herald Trumpets, MSG (Retired) Michael Yoder, former historian for the Army Band and former member of the Herald Trumpets, and the author.
1959
Welcomed Queen Elizabeth II to Chicago for events related to the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway. The United States Army Herald Trumpets first official performance. (June 26)
1960
The United States Army Herald Trumpets gained official acceptance in Washington, DC when they performed at the arrival and departure ceremonies for the official visit of French President, Charles de Gaulle. (April 22)
1961
Inauguration of President John F. Kennedy. (January 20)
1962
Opening of Dulles Airport. (January 23)
Ceremony greeting astronaut John Glenn, the first American to orbit the earth, back to Washington, DC from his historic space flight in Friendship 7. (February 23)
1964
175th Anniversary of Georgetown University. (December 3)
1965
Inauguration of President Lyndon B. Johnson. (January 20)
1969
Inauguration of President Richard M. Nixon. (January 20)
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Ceremony greeting the Apollo 11 astronauts back from their historic flight to the moon. (August 13)
1971
Arrival ceremony for Emperor Hirohito of Japan in Alaska. (September)
Opening of Walt Disney World in Orlando, FL. (October 25)
1972
Arrival ceremony and welcome parade hosted by President Nixon for the Prime Minister of Japan's visit to Honolulu, HI. (August 31)
Opening of Wolf Trap, America's National Park for the Performing Arts. (June 1)
1973
Inauguration of President Richard M. Nixon. (January 20)
White House Arrival Ceremony for General Secretary Leonid I. Brezhnev of the Soviet Union. (June 18)
Andrews Air Force Base Arrival for President Thus of South Vietnam. (March)
1974
Inauguration of President Gerald R. Ford. (August 9)
1975
The United States Army Herald Trumpets perform their first clinic/concert in Philadelphia, PA.
1976
National Bicentennial Celebration.
Ceremonies for the visit of the Queen of England to the United States. (July)
1977
Inauguration of President Jimmy Carter. (January 20)
1979
Good Morning America taping with David Hartman. (July 3)
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20th Anniversary of the St. Lawrence Seaway in Massena, NY. (September 6-7)
1980
Canadian National Exhibition in Toronto. (September)
Winter Olympic Games in Lake Placid, NY. (February 13)
1981
Inauguration of President Ronald Reagan. (January 20)
1982
Walt Disney World in Orlando, FL.
Opening of the World's Fair in Knoxville, TN. (May 2)
Ceremonies for Pope John Paul's visit to the United States
1983
Performed with the Concert Band in Toronto.
Summit of the Industrial Nations in Williamsburg, VA hosted by President Ronald Reagan. (May 28)
1984
Summer Olympic Games in Los Angeles. (July 28)
Rededication of the Statue of Liberty. (July 3-4)
1985
Inauguration of President Ronald Reagan. (January 20)
1987
Opening Ceremonies for the Pan American Games in Indianapolis, IN. (August 7)
White House arrival ceremony for General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev of the Soviet Union for the historic summit with President Ronald Reagan to discuss the reduction of strategic nuclear weapons and to sign the treaty eliminating intermediate-range nuclear forces (INF). (December l5)
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1988
Performed with The United States Army Band "Pershing's Own" in Osaka and Tokyo, Japan. (March)
Performed with The United States Army Band "Pershing's Own" in Brisbane, Australia. (September)
1989
Inauguration of President George H. W. Bush. (January 20)
1990
Performed at the International Trumpet Guild Conference held at the University of Maryland. (June 7)
Performed with The United States Army Band "Pershing's Own" in Sweden and Norway.
1991
Opening of the “Catherine the Great” exhibit in Memphis, TN. (April
50th anniversary celebration of Mt. Rushmore. (July 2-4)
1992
Opening of the “Splendors of the Ottoman Sultans” exhibit in Memphis, TN. (April 15)
Olympic flag arrival ceremony in Savannah, GA. (September 10)
1993
Inauguration of President William J. Clinton. (January 20)
Opening of the “Napoleon” exhibit in Memphis, TN. (April 22)
Performed with the Istanbul State Symphony Orchestra. (April)
Performed with The United States Army Band "Pershing's Own" at the Breda International “Taptoe” in Breda, The Netherlands. (August)
1994
Performed at the Novia Scotia International Tattoo in Halifax, Nova Scotia. (July)
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1995
Opening of the “Palaces of St. Petersburg” exhibit in Jackson, MS. (March 1)
United Nations charter ceremony/50th anniversary of the United Nations in San Francisco. (June 26)
1996
Utah Statehood Centennial Celebration. (January 4)
Performed with The United States Army Band "Pershing's Own" at the Edinburgh Military Tattoo in Edinburg, Scotland.
Opening ceremonies of the Centennial Olympic Games in Atlanta, GA. (July 19)
Disney World's 25th anniversary gala, Orlando, FL. (October 1)
1997
Inauguration of President William J. Clinton. (January 20)
Rededication ceremony for the Gerald R. Ford Museum, Grand Rapids, MI. (April 17)
Arrival ceremonies for the world leaders participating in the Denver Summit of the Eight, Denver, CO. (June 19-21)
Dedication ceremony for the Arthur Ashe Stadium at the U.S. Open Tennis Tournament, Flushing Meadows, NY. (August 25)
Women's Memorial dedication ceremony in Arlington National Cemetery. (October 18)
Dedication ceremony for the George H. W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum. (November 6)
Performed at Carnegie Hall with The United States Army Band "Pershing's Own," New York City. (November 23)
1998
Opening of the “Splendors of Versailles” exhibit in Jackson, MS. (April 1)
Appearance on Good Morning America hosted by Spencer Christian from the “Splendors of Versailles” exhibit in Jackson, MS. (July 16)
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1999
40th Anniversary of The United States Army Herald Trumpets/77th Anniversary of The United States Army Band "Pershing's Own” Concert at the Kennedy Center, Washington, DC. (March 29)
Opening ceremony for the 50th anniversary of NATO in Washington, DC. (April 23)
Performed at Carnegie Hall with The United States Army Band "Pershing's Own," New York City. (November 14)
Appearance on Good Morning America hosted by Charles Gibson and Diane Sawyer. (December 17)
Announced President William J. Clinton and performed with John Williams on America's Millennium: A Celebration for the Nation. (December 31)
2000
Historic Army Preservation Awards, Ft. McNair. (May)
Performed with the Detroit Symphony Orchestra. (May)
Performed for The International Trumpet Guild 2000 Conference, Purchase College, State University of New York. (May 24-25)
2001
Inauguration of President George W. Bush. (January 20)
Opening ceremonies of The 2001 Special Olympics World Winter Games in Anchorage, AK. (March 4)
Ceremonies for the visit of the King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofia of Spain to Jackson, MS. (March 31)
Traveled to Seoul, South Korea to perform at the Korean War Memorial and at the Sejong Cultural Center. (June 20-27)
Performed with the Boston Pops Orchestra at the Hatch Shell in Boston for “Pop Goes The Fourth.” (July 3-4)
Performed with The United States Army Band "Pershing's Own" in tribute to the victims of September 11 at Avery Fisher Hall, Lincoln Center, New York City. (October 6)
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Performed at the Junior Business Hall of Fame, Boston MA. (April)
Salute to Honor American Heroes concert with the Boston Pops Esplanade Orchestra, Boston, MA. (May)
Concerts commemorating 50th anniversary of Korean War: Performed with 8th Army Band and Republic of Korea Band. Seoul, South Korea. (June)
2002
Performed at the Winter Olympic Games in Salt Lake City, UT with the Mormon Tabernacle Choir. (February)
Performed at Carnegie Hall with the West Point Academy Band. (March)
Performed fanfares for U.S. Olympic dinner in Washington, DC. (April)
July 4th at the Hollywood Bowl, Los Angeles, CA.
Performed for the Kennedy Center Honors, Washington, DC. (December)
2003
Performed with the Cincinnati Pops Orchestra. (February)
Performed with the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra. (September)
2004
Welcoming of German Chancellor Schroeder and performed at the “Glory of Baroque Durham” exhibit, Jackson, MS. (February)
Performed at the Virginia International Tattoo, Newport News, VA. (April)
Performed at the World War II Memorial dedication ceremony, Washington, DC. (May 29)
July 4th Concert with The United States Army Band “Pershing’s Own,” New Providence, RI.
Performed for the G8 Summit in Sea Island, GA. (June)
2005
Inauguration of President George W. Bush. (January 20)
Performed pregame fanfares and the National Anthem for Superbowl XXXIX between the New England Patriots and the Philadelphia Eagles, Jacksonville, FL. (February 6)
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2006
Performed at the Army Science Conference in Orlando, FL. (November)
2009
Inauguration ceremony for Governor Luis Fortuño of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR. (January 2)
Inauguration of President Barak Obama. (January 20)
Clinic performance at Texas Music Educators Association, San Antonio, TX. (February 13)
Clinic performance at the Great American Brass Band Festival, Danville, KY. (June 10-14)
Clinic performance and concert with the American Band College, Ashland, OR. (June 23-27)
Performed with the Boston Pops Orchestra at the Hatch Shell in Boston for “Pop Goes The Fourth.” (July 4)
Performed for the 50th anniversary of St. Lawrence Seaway, Massena, NY. (July 10)
Performance with the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra, St. Louis, MO. (October 2-3)
Clinic performance at the Midwest Band and Orchestra Clinic, Chicago, IL. (December 14-19)
2010
Clinic performance and concert with the Army Ground Forces Band, Atlanta GA. (March 6)
2011
Performance with the Toronto Youth Wind Ensemble, Toronto, Ontario, CA. (April 8)
Performance with the Aiken Community Band in celebration of the city’s 175th anniversary, Aiken, SC. (May 3)
Performance of the National Anthem for Sunday Night Football (NFL) New York Giants vs. Philadelphia Eagles, Meadowlands, NJ. (December 20)
2012
Performed fanfares for NATO, Chicago, IL. (May 20)
John Williams 80th birthday celebration with Boston Pops Orchestra, Tanglewood, Lenox, MA. (August 17)
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2013
Inauguration of President Barak Obama. (January 20)
George W. Bush Presidential Center dedication ceremony, Dallas, TX. (April 25)
2014
Performance of the National Anthem on Memorial Day for the Major League Baseball (MLB) game between the Chicago White Sox and the Cleveland Indians, Chicago IL. (May 26)
Concert with the Los Angeles Philharmonic celebrating John Williams, Los Angeles, CA. (September 30)
2015
Anti-Defamation League Concert Against Hate with National Symphony Orchestra, Washington, DC. (November 16)
2016
Clinic performance and concert with the Spires Brass Band at the Gettysburg Brass Band Festival, Gettysburg, PA. (June 11)
Performed at Wolf Trap with the National Symphony Orchestra. (July 1)
Performed with the West Point Academy Band, West Point, NY. (September 3)
Performance of the National Anthem for the Major League Baseball (MLB) game between the Baltimore Orioles and the Boston Red Sox, Baltimore, MD. (September 20)
Performed for opening, closing, and medal ceremonies for the Invictus Games, Orlando FL (May 7-12)
2017
Inauguration of President Donald J. Trump. (January 20)
Performance of the National Anthem for Major League Baseball (MLB) game between the Baltimore Orioles and the Chicago Cubs, Baltimore MD. (July 14)
Clinic performance and concert with the Auburn Wind Symphony, Ft. Benning, GA. Performed at halftime show for NCAA football game between Ole Miss and Auburn, Auburn AL. (October 5-7)
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Performance of the National Anthem for Thursday Night Football (NFL), Pittsburgh Steelers vs. Tennessee Titans, Pittsburgh, PA. (November 16)
Performance of the National Anthem for Monday Night Football (NFL), Baltimore Ravens vs. Houston Texans, Baltimore, MD. (November 27)
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Conclusion
It took the vision and perseverance of two cornet players from The United States Army
Band, Bramwell Smith and Gilbert Mitchell, and the support of their commander, Lieutenant
Colonel Hugh Curry, to make The United States Army Herald Trumpets a reality. Although there was not any documentation or special order recognizing the Heralds as a specific unit of the
Army Band, the ensemble quickly gained recognition when they performed for their first official ceremonies in Washington, DC, which was the arrival and departure of President de Gaulle of
France. Both President Eisenhower and Vice President Nixon were thrilled with their participation, and in addition, it was at this event that Hail Columbia became the official fanfare for the Vice President.
Soon after its inception, the Herald Trumpets became a vital part of White House arrival ceremonies which welcome foreign dignitaries to the United States in a colorful display of pageantry. In addition to their ceremonial duties, the Heralds began to perform regularly with the
Concert Band at the summer concerts in Washington, DC. With increasing popularity and recognition, composers and arrangers began writing fanfares specifically for the ensemble. This led to several invitations to perform at national and international events of major significance.
According to SFC Trent Stockton, the future of the Herald Trumpets looks promising.21
Because of increased technology and social media the ensemble is exposed to a larger audience and its popularity continues to grow. Stockton explains that when the Army Band is invited to perform, the Herald Trumpets are often requested. In addition, SGM Michael Cano, states that technology is allowing the military go paperless, enabling the Army Band to function at a higher
21 Stockton, Interview by author, February 20, 2018.
69 level of efficiency. For instance, Cano mentions that the Herald Trumpets are now using electronic devices to read music instead of paper, allowing for more mobility and productivity.22
The influence of technology on the Army Band and its units could be the subject of future study.
The year 2019 marks the sixtieth anniversary of The United States Army Herald
Trumpets. Through their professionalism, versatility, and appeal, the ensemble is a tremendous asset to the United States Military and more specifically, The United States Army Band
“Pershing’s Own.”
Figure 33. Herald Trumpets at ease before a Presidential departure ceremony. (Personal collection)
22 Cano, Interview by author. February 20, 2018.
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Bibliography
Beynon, Hartman. Telephone interview by author. March 3, 2018.
“Bram” Smith and His Trumpet. CD. Golden Crest Records, 196-?.
Bramwell Smith: Director of Music and Trumpet Soloist. DVD-Video. The Society of Artist Musicians of Brass and Percussion, 1959.
Cano, Michael. Interview by author. Fort Myer, VA. February 20, 2018.
Eisensmith, Kevin. “Gilbert Mitchell: A Musician Merely.” ITG Journal 30, no. 4 (June 2006): 18-25, 29.
Guegold, William K. 100 Years of OlympicMusic: Music and Musicians of the Modern Olympic Games 1896-1999. Mantua, OH: Golden Clef Publishing, 1996.
Johnston, Michael. Telephone interview by author, February 28, 2018.
McBarron, Jr., H. Charles and John R. Elting. “The United States Army Band ‘Pershing’s Own,’ 1921-1971.” Military Collector and Historian 24, no. 3 (Fall 1972): 90-93.
McCormick, David Clement. A History of the United States Army Band to 1946. PhD diss., Northwestern University, 1970.
Mitchell, Gilbert. “Gil Mitchell: A Musician Merely.” Unpublished Manuscript, 1998.
Mitchell, Gilbert. “The United States Army Herald Trumpets and the Memory of W. Bramwell Smith (1929-1993).” ITG Journal 21, no. 1 (September 1996): 28-29.
Smith III, W. Bramwell. Interview by author. Fort Myer, VA, February 20, 2018.
Stockton, Trent. Interview by author. Fort Myer, VA, February 20, 2018.
The United States Army Herald Trumpets “Ruffles and Flourishes:” Fanfares for Presidents and World Events. DVD-Video. The United States Army Band, 2007.
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Weiss, Scott Anthony. “A History of The United States Army Band ‘Pershing’s Own,’ 1945- 2000.” EdD diss., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2004.
Yoder, Michael L. Telephone interview by author. February 27, 2018.
Yoder, Michael L. and Michael A. Parnell. “The United States Army Herald Trumpets Celebrate 40 Years.” ITG Journal 24, no. 1 (October 1999): 61-66.
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Appendix A: Letter of Permission for Research
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Appendix B: Commanding Officers of The United States Army Band “Pershing’s Own”
Warrant Officer Francis Leigh 1922-1923
Warrant Officer William Stannard 1923-1935
Captain Thomas Darcy 1935-1946
Lieutenant Colonel Hugh Curry 1946-1964
Colonel Samuel Loboda 1964-1976
Colonel Eugene Allen 1976-1990
Colonel Bryan Shelburne, Jr. 1990-2000
Colonel Gary Lamb 2000-2005
Colonel Thomas Rotundi, Jr. 2005-2011
Colonel Thomas Palmatier 2011-2014
Colonel Timothy Holtan 2014-2017
Colonel Andrew Esch 2017-present
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