The United States Army Band Herald Trumpets, 1959-2017 D.M.A. Document Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Musical Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Kenneth Bradley Holzworth, MM Graduate Program in Music The Ohio State University 2018 D.M.A. Document Committee Timothy Leasure, Advisor Bruce Henniss Daryl Kinney Copyright by Kenneth Bradley Holzworth 2018 Abstract The United States Army Herald Trumpets is a unique military musical ensemble consisting of musicians from the United States Army Band “Pershing’s Own” in Washington, DC. Founded in 1959 by two Army Band members, Lieutenant Colonel (retired) Gilbert Mitchell and former Specialist William Bramwell Smith II, this volunteer unit is made up of trumpets, trombones, euphoniums and percussionists from the United States Army Ceremonial Band. Mitchell’s and Smith’s vision was to form an organization of long-belled fanfare trumpets, complete with tabards, for military ceremonial functions which would add pomp and flair to the events. Their inspiration came from the British “Coronation” Trumpets which were introduced for the coronation of King George VI in 1937. The Herald Trumpets’ inaugural performance was in 1959 when they welcomed Queen Elizabeth II to Chicago for events related to the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway. Since their inception, the Herald Trumpets have been recognized as the official fanfare ensemble for the President of the United States and have performed in every presidential inauguration since President Kennedy’s in 1961. Gaining recognition and popularity, the Herald Trumpets have been invited to perform at countless national and international events including the opening ceremonies of four Olympic Games held within the United States. The most recognizable fanfares, “Bugler’s Dream” and “Olympic Fanfare,” were introduced at the Olympic Games by the Herald Trumpets under the baton of prolific composer, John Williams. After the exposure at the Olympics, the Herald Trumpets became a popular performing ensemble at several sporting events, including Super Bowl XXXIX where the Herald Trumpets accompanied the choirs of all the military academies in the playing and singing of the National i Anthem. In addition, the Herald Trumpets have participated in several international “tattoos,” events that feature international military bands and organizations as entertainment for the local population. From participating in White House presidential arrival ceremonies to performing with the Boston Pops Orchestra to presenting educational clinics, the Herald Trumpets are one of the most popular and versatile military musical ensembles. ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank The United States Army Band “Pershing’s Own” and its leader and commander Colonel Andrew Esch for allowing me to conduct research on The United States Army Herald Trumpets. Special gratitude and appreciation goes to Sergeant First Class Trent Stockton, historian for the Army Band and member of the Herald Trumpets, for his dedicated assistance and interest in this project. Additional thanks goes to Sergeant Major (retired) W. Bramwell Smith III, Sergeant Major (retired) Michael Johnston, Master Sergeant (retired) Michael Yoder, Command Sergeant Major (retired) Hartman Beynon, and Enlisted Group Leader of the United States Army Herald Trumpets, Sergeant Major Michael Cano for their valuable information. iii Vita 1974……………………………………………………….............................Wooster High School Wooster, Ohio 1978-1998………………………………………The United States Army Band “Pershing’s Own” Ft. Myer, Virginia 1980………………..................................Bachelor of Music, The Catholic University of America Washington, DC 2001………………………………………………………Master of Music, Kent State University Kent, Ohio 2015 to present……………………………….Doctor of Musical Arts, The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio Fields of Study Major Field: Music iv Table of Contents Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………….i Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………………iii Vita…………………………………………………………………………………………….....iv List of Figures…………………………………………………………………………………....vii Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………..1 History……………………………………………………………………………………………..2 Founders…………………………………………………………………………………………...7 Development……………………………………………………………………………………..13 Instruments……………………………………………………………………………………….19 Tabards…………………………………………………………………………………………...23 Musicians and Formations…………………….…………………………………………………26 Uniforms…………………………………………………………………………………………30 Music……………………………………………………………………………………………..36 White House Ceremonies and Inaugurations…………………………………………………….39 The Olympic Games……………………………………………………………………………..42 v Other Sporting Events……………………………………………………………………………47 Music Performed with the Army Band…………………………………………………………..49 Holiday Events…………………………………………………………………………………...51 Appearances with Orchestras…………………………………………………………………….53 The Clinic………………………………………………………………………………………...55 Television and Movies…………………………………………………………………………...56 9/11……………………………………………………………………………………………....57 Notable Herald Trumpet Missions 1959-2017..…………………………………………………59 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………….69 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………………..71 Appendix A: Letter of Permission for Research…………………………………………………73 Appendix B: Commanding Officers of The United States Army Band “Pershing’s Own”……..74 vi List of Figures Figure 1. General John J. Pershing………………………………………………………………..2 Figure 2. Ceremonial Band participating in a military funeral at Arlington National Cemetery..5 Figure 3. The Army Band performing in Europe during World War II………………………………6 Figure 4. The United States Army Herald Trumpets with the British Royal Marine Band Herald Trumpets, Canadian National Exhibition, Toronto, 1980………………………………..8 Figure 5. SPC W. Bramwell Smith II……………………………………………………………10 Figure 6. LTC Gilbert Mitchell.………………………………………………………………….12 Figure 7. Ceremony for Queen Elizabeth II at the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway in Chicago. 1959……………………………………………………………………………………14 Figure 8. Example of an arrival ceremony………………………………………………………15 Figure 9. Letter from President Nixon to General Galley…………………………………….....17 Figure 10. Tympani on wheels, 1959……………………………………………………………21 Figure 11. Grand Republic Snare Drum…………………………………………………………22 Figure 12. The United States Army Band Coat of Arms………………………………………...23 Figure 13. Herald trumpets, rope drums, and tabards on display at Brucker Hall, Fort Myer, Virginia, headquarters of The United States Army Band………………………………………..25 Figure 14. Herald Trumpets in most common formation on White House grounds with President Reagan………………………………………………………………………………....27 vii Figure 15. Herald Trumpets in two lines in front of White House………………………………28 Figure 16. Herald Trumpets on a riser in front of Brucker Hall…………………………...……28 Figure 17. The original Army Band uniform, Pershing Grey…………………………………....30 Figure 18. On left, wool serge, OD 33 uniform (1922-24) On right, wool serge, blue uniform (1943-45)…………………………………………...………31 Figure 19. The yellow uniform (1951-56)……………………………………………….………32 Figure 20. Blue uniform (1957-68), with original tabards……………………………………....33 Figure 21. Army Band dress blue uniform (1969-present)……………………………………...35 Figure 22. White House Presidential arrival ceremony………………………………………….40 Figure 23. The United States Army Band and Herald Trumpets at presidential review stand during inaugural parade for President George W. Bush, January 20, 2001……………………..41 Figure 24. 1980 Olympic Games opening ceremonies, Lake Placid, NY……………………….43 Figure 25. Herald Trumpets with conductor John Williams at 1984 Olympic Games, Los Angeles, CA…………………………………………………………………………………44 Figure 26. Herald Trumpets entering Olympic stadium, 1996 Olympic Games, Atlanta, GA……………………………………………………………………………………....45 Figure 27. 2002 Olympic Games, Salt Lake City, UT…………………………………………..46 Figure 28. Herald Trumpets at Super Bowl XXXIX, 2005……………………………………...48 viii Figure 29. Program from summer concert series at the Watergate, August 25, 1959…………...50 Figure 30. Herald Trumpets performing at “A Capitol Fourth.”………………………………...52 Figure 31. Concert Band, Chorus, and Herald Trumpets performing at Avery Fisher Hall, Lincoln Center…………………………………………………………………………………...57 Figure 32. Ceremonial Band at Ground Zero, New York City, 2001. ………………………….58 Figure 33. Herald Trumpets at ease before a Presidential departure ceremony…………………70 ix Introduction The purpose of this document is to discuss the history, development, and role of The United States Army Herald Trumpets from their inception in 1959 through 2017. Extensive research has been conducted on The United States Army Band “Pershing’s Own” by David C. McCormick in his dissertation, A History of the United States Army Band to 1946, followed by Scott A. Weiss’s dissertation which continues the band’s history titled, A History of the United States Army Band ‘Pershing’s Own,” 1945-2000. There is a wealth of information about the Herald Trumpets, however it has never been fully researched, organized, and documented. Information obtained from personal interviews, articles, dissertations, and visual aids will provide a comprehensive overview of the ensemble. Specifically, this document includes information about its history, founding members, development, instruments and tabards, musicians and formations, uniforms, music, and missions. 1 History The United States Army Herald Trumpets is one of several units that make up the organization known as The United States Army Band “Pershing’s Own.” The