DOCSLIB.ORG

Y =)~.~: Ss ~S I3y Ijurch4.Se

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Y =)~.~: Ss ~S I3y Ijurch4.Se Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol 8, Nr 4, 1978. http://scientiamilitaria.journals.ac.za 3 ~ - -S - 4. ~~Y =)~.~: SS ~S I3Y IJURCH4.SE U J (UICK) USUER' the ages of fifteen and eighteen years to produce I have before me a copy of a letter dated 12 May, specialist officers for the Sappers and Miners (En- 1814, written by certain Lieutenant-Colonel William gineers) and for the Royal Artillery. The Academy Fuller of the King's Dragoon Guards to a British Lord, in which is advised that a commission for for future regimental officers at Sandhurst, was not founded until 1812, but it took fifty years before His Lordship's son would cost £735. Further on in it came to be regarded as a career asset to have this article I shall state the prices as they were at the attended there. The Staff College for senior offI- time of the' Crimean War. Only recently did I read cers was established in 1799, but attendance there a book by a very well-known British author who was not insisted upon for higher promotion until the claims that the British army of the 1850's was small, and that the Crimean War was to prove that late Victorian period. it was shockingly organised, but he speaks only Information obtained from the National Army well of the navy of that period. I ask that my Museum in London on the appointment of army readers please bear in mind that in earlier days officers during the early Victorian period is of there was no such rank as second-lieutenant nor interest. Let us regard a regime'lt as being a busi- sub-lieutenant in the British army. The most junior ness company with limited liability, required to commissioned rank in the infantry was that of en- carry out certain government contracts. To view a sign. In the cavalry, it was cornet until 1871, regiment as if it existed as such a company, is when it became sub-lieutenant. merely to give a clearer picture of the situation. The colonel was purely an administrative appoint- Until the year 1849, there was no requirement for a ment made by the government, and he was given a. candidate for a commission to have had any formal large cash amount to commence with, or a yearly education, nor was there any entrance examination. or ten-yearly allowance for clothing, food, weapons, What was required of the candidate was that he be pay and other requirements. As a rule he stayed of suitable social background, possess the private home during the period that the regiment served financial means to pay for the commission and to overseas in building up the Empire. He was re- support his position in his regiment. One must bear sponsible for the carrying out of all government in mind that I am dealing with a period when the instructions, and for recruitment in the United British nobility and gentry were most influential in Kingdom to balance the wastage within the ranks army affairs. The following were not required to of the serving regiment. He was like the managing purchase commissions: director, and the officers below him like members 1. Militia officers. An officer could apply for a free of the board, with shares in the regiment and commission into a line regiment provided he whose dividends depended on the monetary value brought with him a stipulated number of volunteers of their commissions. The lieutenant-eolonel was to serve in the ranks. This usually applied in time the true leader of the regiment in the more prac- of war. tical sense. Any surplus monies at the end of the 2. Sons of officers killed or died serving. appropriate period, was shared out. But many 3. Sergeants promoted from the ranks. .honest regiments used this surplus to provide 4. Officers of the Royal Navy, Royal Marines, schools, medical facilities and pensions for the Royal Artillery, and Royal Engineers. widows and families of the disabled. The Royal Military Academy at Woolwich was esta- • Mr Usher is a free-lance writer and a member of blished in 1741 for the education of boys between the 1820 Settlers' Association of South Africa. 77 Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol 8, Nr 4, 1978. http://scientiamilitaria.journals.ac.za The normal procedure was to apply to the colonel teers to serve in the ranks. As stated earlier on, of the regiment in which the candidate desired this usually happened only in time of war. a commission. If he approved, the colonel would refer the candidate to the regimental agent, who The lieutenant-colonel's responsibilities included al- would receive the necessary purchase money and locating the duties of the officers who served under prepare papers for Royal Assent. If the candidate him, and presiding over the regimental courts had no previous military service, he could only be martial. He had to confirm the sentences of these granted the lowest commissioned rank, that is, courts especially those involving floggings, which ensign or cornet. The newly commissioned officer he and the entire regiment would be required to was not actualy compelled to serve with the regi- witness at a parade. I have a record of the course ment, because with the approval of the followed in Grahamstown, after the arrival of the commander-in-chief he could immediately be re- 1820 British Settlers, when a public military moved from the active list and go onto half-pay. flogging was to take place. The military authorities The term half-pay could create the wrong impres- had a large wooden equilateral triangle which stood sion, as a regimental officer's pay was never de- about eight foot high. Horizontal and upright bars signed to afford him a living, but rather as an hono- joined the opposite sides, so that a large grating rarium. The scale remained virtually unaltered be- was formed. The soldiers to be flogged were tween the reigns of William III and Queen Victoria. formed up alongside and guarded by an escort In many cases parents purchased commissions for with fixed bayonets. Beyond stood the public who their minor children, and when in later years these had come to view the floggings. Three persons children commenced serving in the army, their se- officiated, namely the doctor, the duty officer, and niority was taken from the date of their commis- the man who wielded the cat-of-nine tails, with his sions. Only occasionally was any commission from bucket of salt water. The soldiers to be flogged the ranks granted, and this would happen when a were stripped to the waist, and were tied to the sergeant had shown bravery of a very high standard triangle at the hands and at the feet. Normally the or proved himself to be a leader of an exceptionally sentences were for forty-save-one, which meant high order. As mentioned earlier on, he would not thirty-nine lashes, but there were heavier senten- have to pay for his commission. The Militia regi- .ces. The cat was dipped into the salt water, ments were officered by the squirearchy of the and after the flogging the soldier's back was wash- county and were used mainly to quell local unrest. ed with that saline liquid. A gentleman who had been commissioned into the County Militia, at virtually no cost, could apply for When a regimental officer wished to sell his com- a free commission into a line regiment provided he mission for the rank he held, the theory was that brought with him a stipulated number of vol un- it should be offered to the officers of the next (Photo: Reproduced by {he permission of (he African Museum, Johannesburg) Cape Mounted Riflemen 1850 78 Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol 8, Nr 4, 1978. http://scientiamilitaria.journals.ac.za brevet lieutenant-eolonelcy which was senior in lower rank, in their order of seniority. If none could date to the commission of his own regimental com- afford to buy the commission, it could be offered mander. He could thus be temporarily in command to officers of other regiments, or to officers on half-pay. Should a regimental officer wish merely to of his own commanding officer. exchange with another of equal rank in another regiment, it could be arranged with the approval Earlier on I mentioned that in 1814 a commission of the commander-in-ehief. He could also exchange in the King's Dragoon Guards cost £735. The price with an officer on half-pay. Both these arrange- to be paid for a commission was fixed by the army ments were initiated by private negotiation and depended upon the rank to be bought and the between the officers and in most cases a cash social standing of the regiment. At the time of the adjustment was required. Prior to 1856, if an officer Crimean War, to be an ensign in an ordinary died, his family received no compensation for the infantry regiment would cost £450, and in the Foot cost of his commission. Instead, a free promotion Guards it would cost £1 200. To be a cornet in was given to the next senior officer. As regards the Dragoons cost £840 and in the Life Guards orphans and widows of officers, any support it was £1 260. Promotion from ensign to lieutenant granted them was entirely by voluntary subscrip- in an infantry regiment would cost £700, but the tion. If the lieutenant-eolonel of a regiment died, officer concerned would recover £450 by selling his then the position was 'up for grabs' but the final ensign's commission.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 19Th Century Tragedy, Victory, and Divine Providence As the Foundations of an Afrikaner National Identity
    Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University History Theses Department of History Spring 5-7-2011 19th Century Tragedy, Victory, and Divine Providence as the Foundations of an Afrikaner National Identity Kevin W. Hudson Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Hudson, Kevin W., "19th Century Tragedy, Victory, and Divine Providence as the Foundations of an Afrikaner National Identity." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2011. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_theses/45 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 19TH CENTURY TRAGEDY, VICTORY, AND DIVINE PROVIDENCE AS THE FOUNDATIONS OF AN AFRIKANER NATIONAL IDENTITY by KEVIN W. HUDSON Under the DireCtion of Dr. Mohammed Hassen Ali and Dr. Jared Poley ABSTRACT Apart from a sense of racial superiority, which was certainly not unique to white Cape colonists, what is clear is that at the turn of the nineteenth century, Afrikaners were a disparate group. Economically, geographically, educationally, and religiously they were by no means united. Hierarchies existed throughout all cross sections of society. There was little political consciousness and no sense of a nation. Yet by the end of the nineteenth century they had developed a distinct sense of nationalism, indeed of a volk [people; ethnicity] ordained by God. The objective of this thesis is to identify and analyze three key historical events, the emotional sentiments evoked by these nationalistic milestones, and the evolution of a unified Afrikaner identity that would ultimately be used to justify the abhorrent system of apartheid.
    [Show full text]
  • The Law Relating to Officers in the Army
    F .. ----·······-_-·--·------·--~ F· r· J-, Jf J3f f. i i ] udge ftdvooaie 9u,..L-l._ U.S. flnny. I · 1 ~-~P. ......~ THE LAW RELATING TO OFFICERS IN THE ARMY, q. 9l~.. THE LA "\V RELATING TO OFFICERS IN THE AR~IY. BY HARRIS PRENDERGAST, OF LINCOLN'S INN, ESQ., BARRISTER-AT-LAW. REVISE!) EPITION. LONDON: PARKER, FURNIV ALL, AND PARKER, MILITARY LIBRARY, WHITEHALL. MDCCCLV. LONDON': PRINTED BY GEORGE PHIPPS, RA..~ELJ.GH STREET, EATON SQUARE, PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION. THE preparation of the following Work was sug­ gested by my brother, Lieutenant William Grant Prendergast, of the 8th Bengal Cavalry*, Persian Interpreter on the Staff of Lord Gough, Commander­ in-chief in India ; and from the same quarter much valuable assistance was originally derived, both as to the selection of topics, and the mode of treating them. Without the help of such military guidance, a mere civilian would have laboured under great disadvantages; and the merit, if any, of the Work, is therefore attributable to my coadjutor alone. For the composition, however, I am alone responsible. Officers in the Army are subject to a variety of special laws and legal· principles, which deeply affect their professional and private rights; and it is hoped that a Work, which endeavours to develope these subjects in a connected and untechnical form, will not be deemed a superfluous contribution to military literature. With this view, the following pages are by no means so much addressed to lawyers, as to a class of readers whose opportunities of access to legal publications are necessarily very limited; and care has been taken, in all · cases of importance, to set • Now Brevet-1\lfaj~r, and Acting Brigadier on the frontier of the Punjab.
    [Show full text]
  • 06 Henk De Jong Finalx
    34 PAST AS FUTURE: THE SOUTH AFRICAN WAR, DUTCH OBSERVERS AND MILITARY MEMORYa Henk de Jongb Netherlands Defence Academy “Het is ons niet minder om Nederland zelf te doen dan om Zuid-Afrika.”1 Abstract In 1900, the Dutch Ministry of War sent four military observers to South Africa, in an attempt to come to terms with the latest developments in the military field. Once in South Africa, the promising young Dutch officers selected for the mission remained focused strongly on decisive battles Jominian style, which they considered relevant for future warfare in Europe. They almost completely ignored guerrilla warfighting. However, inspired by the Boer commandos, their analysis of the Anglo-Boer War also ended in pleas for a fundamentally new relationship between army and society in Holland, and a new Dutch militia army organisation (a volksleger), comparable to the Boers’ commandos. Fascinatingly, this ideal of a militia army had probably much more to do with the observers’ interpretation of the Dutch national past and the values they Scientia Militaria, South African regarded characteristic of it, than with Journal of Military Studies, Vol contemporary South Africa, since the earliest 41, Nr 1, 2013, pp. 34-64 doi: 10.5787/41-1-1052 forms of the Dutch army were also believed to have been a volksleger. In this way, the a This article elaborates on research papers presented at the 2010 conference of the Historical Association of South Africa in Potchefstroom (Milestones: Commemorating Southern African history/Mylpale: Herdenking van Suider- Afrikaanse geskiedenis) and the 2011 conference of the Southern African Historical Society at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in Durban (The past and its possibilities: Perspectives on Southern Africa).
    [Show full text]
  • Name Rank/Position Company/Regiment Commander Date Box # Ensign 6/9/1806 1 --- Gray Lieutenant Infantry 5/1/1816 3 ----- More Lieutenant 6/9/1806 1 --- O
    Military Rolls 1806-1853 Name Rank/Position Company/Regiment Commander Date Box # Ensign 6/9/1806 1 --- Gray Lieutenant Infantry 5/1/1816 3 ----- More Lieutenant 6/9/1806 1 --- O. Pierce Captain Company of Riflemen 4/27/1820 3 --- Phiney Ensign 143rd Regiment 10/1/1815 2 Ralph P. Day Paymaster Hinds' Regiment 8/8/1809 1 --- Taylor Ensign Infantry 5/30/1817 3 A--- Wales Paymaster 129th Regiment of Infantry 10/18/1823 4 A. B. Sizer Captain 5/19/1809 1 Abner Sweetland Ensign Lt. Col. Commandant Zebulon Douglass 8/20/1810 1 Abner Sweetland Lieutenant 7/10/1811 2 Abraham Payne Lieutenant 6/12/1818 3 Abraham Payne Captain Company of Artillery 4/27/1820 3 Adine Burdick Captain 5/31/1821 4 Adon Smith Jr. Adjutant 42nd Regiment 19th Brigade 5th Division 6/14/1853 4 Aeyl Thomas Ensign 6/9/1806 1 Alciathar Gates Jr. Lieutenant Battalion of Riflemen 5/15/1821 4 Alexander Murdock Ensign 5/25/1812 2 Alexander White Ensign 6/30/1818 3 Alexander White Lieutenant Infantry 7/1/1819 3 Alexander White Captain 65th Regiment of Infantry 5/24/1821 4 Alexaner Donaldson Jr. Captain 8th Regiment of Riflemen 6/11/1829 4 Alexaner McElwain Captain 5/28/1816 3 Almer Hebbron Ensign 10/2/1817 3 Alpheus Darling Ensign 6/1/1812 2 Alpheus Darling Lieutenant 6/1/1813 2 Ambrose Andrews Adjutant Battalion Maj. Zebulon Douglass 12/18/1806 1 Ambrose Andrews Captain 7/13/1807 1 Ambrose Andrews 2nd Major Lt. Col. Commandant Zebulon Douglass 7/2/1812 2 Ambrose Andrews 1st Major 74th Regiment Infantry 4/16/1814 2 Military Rolls 1806-1853 Name Rank/Position Company/Regiment Commander Date Box # Ambrose Howard Adjutant 20th Regiment of Riflemen 3/22/1839 4 Amos Green Lieutenant 9/11/1818 3 Amos Lamb Ensign 143rd Regiment 10/18/1816 3 Amos Lamb Captain 9/11/1818 3 Amos Maynard Major 8/13/1807 1 Amos Maynard Major 6/2/1808 1 Amos Maynard Major 65th Regiment 6/9/1816 3 Amos Rogers Lieutenant 6/9/1806 1 Amos Scott Quartermaster 6/9/1806 1 Amos Scott 3rd Ensign 143rd Regiment 10/18/1816 3 Andress Loveland Lieutenant Lt.
    [Show full text]
  • Nineteenth-Century Army Officers'wives in British
    IMPERIAL STANDARD-BEARERS: NINETEENTH-CENTURY ARMY OFFICERS’WIVES IN BRITISH INDIA AND THE AMERICAN WEST A Dissertation by VERITY GAY MCINNIS Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 2012 Major Subject: History IMPERIAL STANDARD-BEARERS: NINETEENTH-CENTURY ARMY OFFICERS’WIVES IN BRITISH INDIA AND THE AMERICAN WEST A Dissertation by VERITY GAY MCINNIS Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved by: Co-Chairs of Committee, R.J.Q. Adams J. G. Dawson III Committee Members, Sylvia Hoffert Claudia Nelson David Vaught Head of Department, David Vaught May 2012 Major Subject: History iii ABSTRACT Imperial Standard-Bearers: Nineteenth-Century Army Officers’ Wives in British India and the American West. (May 2012) Verity Gay McInnis, B.A., Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi; M.A., Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. R.J.Q. Adams Dr. Joseph G. Dawson III The comparative experiences of the nineteenth-century British and American Army officer’s wives add a central dimension to studies of empire. Sharing their husbands’ sense of duty and mission, these women transferred, adopted, and adapted national values and customs, to fashion a new imperial sociability, influencing the course of empire by cutting across and restructuring gender, class, and racial borders. Stationed at isolated stations in British India and the American West, many officers’ wives experienced homesickness and disorientation.
    [Show full text]
  • Iublt0;Eti B$ Authority
    |5timli» 15499. ] iublt0;eti b$ authority. v** From CtiegtJag July 20, to ©attirtmp July 24, 1802. 5/. James's, July 21, 1802, iyh Regiment of Light Dragoons, Adjutant Samuel HE following Address having been presented Holmes to be Adjutant, with the Rarjk of Cornet. J- to the King; which Address ~His Majesty 14/A Ditto, Quarter-Master John Babington to be -ssvas pleased to receive very graciousty : Adjutant, with the Rank of Cornet, vice Hum­ phrey, who resigns. -' To the KING'S Most Excellent Majesty. 16th Ditto, Quarter-Master M'lntosh*'to be The humble Address of the Noblemen, Gentle­ Adjutant, with the Rank of Cornet, vice Dudley, men, Freeholders, Justices of Peace, and Com­ who resigns. missioners of "Supply ofthe County of Ayr. 20th Ditto, Lieutenant William Boothby, from the 15th Light Dragoons, to be Lieutenant, vice Most Gracious Sovereign, Maxwell, deceased. •\7j7E, your Majesty's most dutiful and loyal Sub­ Lieutenant Francis John Fuller, from the 15th jects, convened for the Purpose by special Ad­ Light Dragoons, to be Lieutenant. vertisement, humbly beg' Leave to approach your 2\st Regiment of Light Dragoons, Lieutenant-Gene­ .Royal Ferson with our Congratulations on having ral Banastre Tarleton, from the 22d Light Dra­ attained the Blessings of Peace. We acknowledge goons, to be Colonel, vice Beaumont. your Majesty's paternal Goodness and Wisdom, in Adjutant Francis Evatt to be Adjutant, with the having put a Period to a long and eventful War ; Rank of Cornet. a War however, which, while it lasted, carried the Tori Hussars, Cornet Seelinger to be Lieu­ Naval and Military Glory of this Country to a tenant, without Purchase.
    [Show full text]
  • ' Lothian Corps of Fencible Cavalry. George Cranstoun, Gent, to Be
    794 ' Lothian Corps of Fencible Cavalry. To be Cornettt George Cranstoun, Gent, to be Cornet* Bernard Dewes, Gent. William Harding, Gent. Durham Corps of Fencible Cavalry. Pembroke Troops of Gentlemen and Ttmanry, John Wright, Gent, to be Captain-Lieutenant, vice To be Captain/, Milbanke, who resigns. Richard Lord Milford. Surrey Regiment of Fencible Cavalry. John Campbell, Esq; Cornet John Winstoe to be Lieutenant, vice Fairsield, York, North Riding Troops of Gentlemen and Ttmanry * who resigns. To be Captains* Haddington Corps of Fencible Cavalry. Lord Morpeth. Robert Tennant, Gent, to be Cornet. Charles Duncombe, Esq; Thomas Core, Esq; Oxfordshire Corps of Fencible Cavalry. John Wharton, Esq; James Kennett Stockford, Gent, to be Coanet. To he Lieutenants, Cornelius Cayley, Gent. Surrey Regiment of Gentlemen and Teomanry. Clotworthoy Gowan, Gent. To be Captains* ^ Matthew Dodsworth, Gent. Thomas Turton, Esiji George Payne, Esq; Winchelsea Company of Volunteers* John Collett, Esq; Richard Denne, Esq; to be Captain. To be Lieutenants* George Davies, Gent, to be First Lieutenant. Charles Bunell, Gent. Richard Cropper, Gent, to be Second Lieutenant* William Elliott, Gent. Loyal Independent Sheffield Volunteers. William Strode, Gento James Bulcock, Gent. p To be Captains* Henry Ridout, Gent. Lieutenant James Shemeld. •, Jacob Roberts, Esq; To be Cornets9 Christopher Dunkin, Gent, To be Lieut enants» ;^. :•; Arthur Onflow, Gent* Ensign John Wells. Arthur Jones, Gent. Ensign John Stanley. Pellat Pope, Gent. Francis Walker, Gent. John Wreaks, Gent. "'•*/£ Captain Holwell's Troop of Gentlemen and Teomanry ofVincen t Eyre, Gent. the Connty of Kent. John Anthony Whitaker, Gent, to be Cornet. [ To he Ensigns, Robert Lowther, Gent. Leicester/hire Regiment of Gentlemen and Teomanry.
    [Show full text]
  • A Report on the Strength of the British Army Under
    ce& f& oioyfg^ 1 / 3 3 1 ^ 0 PROPER1"'' " ” BRARV_ "DIVISION > CULTURAL "resources. KARO A REPORT ON THE STRENGTH OF THE BRITISH ARMY UNDER LIEUTENANT-GENERAL JOHN BURGOYNE, JULY 1 TO OCTOBER 17, 1777 AND ON THE ORGANIZATION OF THE BRITISH ARMY ON SEPTEMBER 19 and OCTOBER 7, 1 7 7 7 . b y : Charles W. Snell Park Historian February 28, 1951 (History) 4 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE F? tvQ 10 N O N1;. R ! C H M O N D, V i RC : N. A 1 IHHMlMMte: MggjjMÉL ;j|¡p i v » r^ 1 ÍBÍBfc>jfc ■ illÜ « IIM É . 1 iÜhÉlMÉBfe- EÓ#I ÊÈfSÉÈk yÊÊÈÈÊk /J§ lÉkipOJÉ ÌIMÌÉMM kf'ÈÈ^M ''Xà lis®®;; Tj¡lÍl|¡ sSHmmk B l*i 1 * 1 ,8 1 1 ê ê ^ 'W É ë W ^ é * ¿ 1 • JH n B ß jP ••flH l W '; : - .-ifcáfawi M ' ^ W È ^ Ê Ê ê MiliMK'iNil ¿IWMfc Ko, JI A ÏC ‘ ¿"'Ai’ ? C; ■ é È^ìMMé ÌI WÊÈÈÊÈIÊÊSÊtÊÈ 8 I t Ê ê W i m È i ê B.MMÉBÉHfe TÄ llÊi3 ÈiÊÊii;i È)tiiÈÈiÈm iÌÈ ?\iÊÊÊÊfc'* '?-': raQ;e v v | ¡ » a1É1ÉAm m 1 ÿ e B|MMisiMsy ■lÉKiftfc.fu i f f l j | í ¡ i g’-lM M É Ili •ìill :;: ;HMNMNlMIÌfIpK:ÍPÜiiJM IIKÄMIi l i ® Éj&lJB '; .'9 j i f m TÉ IBÉÉÊM l ^ ì SEÌ ^ -li^PJI l Ì f l ^ A1'* Ì £|Mfl$ifr i MI¿Mm ■ÉìiMÌHMMIÌNMI¡¡JfiO MI H ttìM ¡TÈ,9 MpMI JP|IWmÈï: -gff iMHÉte HÊMTHMMMÎii|| |J■jjjlIMI l i l i gfOiloioT¿tT -Jfej;HIIjro> WÊl.t ü c -:; m f"(||;is||ft<|# %g| % ÉJJ|B|HHm|HÉKlMÌNÌft; IM P ÌIaMIi l l ( | l | j | m I I .
    [Show full text]
  • The British Army and the Pre-National Pan- European Military World and the Origins Of
    THE SPIRIT OF THE CORPS: THE BRITISH ARMY AND THE PRE-NATIONAL PAN- EUROPEAN MILITARY WORLD AND THE ORIGINS OF AMERICAN MARTIAL CULTURE, 1754-1783 by Scott N. Hendrix B.A. Cleveland State University, 1994 M.A. Cleveland State University, 1997 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The College of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2005 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH FACULTY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Scott N. Hendrix It was defended on September 8, 2005 and approved by Dr. Roger Manning, Professor Emeritus, Department of History, Cleveland State University Dr. Peter Karsten, Professor, Department of History, University of Pittsburgh Dr. Marcus Rediker, Professor, Department of History, University of Pittsburgh Dr. Van Beck Hall, Associate Professor, Department of History, University of Pittsburgh Dissertation Supervisor ii Copyright © by Scott N. Hendrix 2005 iii THE SPIRIT OF THE CORPS: THE BRITISH ARMY AND THE PRE-NATIONAL PAN-EUROPEAN MILITARY WORLD AND THE ORIGINS OF AMERICAN MARTIAL CULTURE, 1754 - 1783 Scott N. Hendrix University of Pittsburgh, 2005 "The Spirit of the Corps: The British Army and the Pre-national Pan-European Military World and the Origins of American Martial Culture, 1754-1783," argues that during the eighteenth- century there was a transnational martial culture of European soldiers, analogous to the maritime world of sailors and the sea, and attempts to identify the key elements of this martial culture, as reflected in the mid-eighteenth-century British Army, and to briefly describe its transmission to the army of the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • The Military Experience in the Age of Reason
    The Military Experience in the Age of Reason By the same author Russia’s Military Way to the West: Origins and Nature of Russian Military Power, 1700–1800 Siege Warfare: The Fortress in the Early Modern World, 1494–1660 The Fortress in the Age of Vauban and Frederick the Great, 1160–1789 (Siege Warfare volume 2) Frederick the Great: A Military Life Christopher Duffy The Military Experience in the Age of Reason Routledge & Kegan Paul London and New York First published in 1987 by Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/.” Published in the USA by Routledge & Kegan Paul Inc. in association with Methuen Inc. 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 © Christopher Duffy 1987 No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher except for the quotation of brief passages in criticism Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data British Library CIP Data also available ISBN 0-203-97685-1 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-7102-1024-8 (Print Edition) Contents Preface vi 1 Part 1 The armies of the Enlightenment 1 Military Europe 3 2 The officer class 26 3 The private soldier 66 101 4 Generals and armies Part II War 110 5 The campaign 112 6 The battle 140 7 On the wilder fringes 198 8 The march of the siege 214 219 Part III The military experience in context and perspective 9 Land war and the experience of civilian society 221 10 The death of a memory 230 11 Summary and conclusions 233 Appendix Principal wars and campaigns 237 Bibliography 245 Index 255 Preface Anybody who has a serious interest in history must have asked himself whether his experiences in his own time offer him a direct insight into the life which people led in the past.
    [Show full text]
  • The Development of Civil War Brass Band Instruments Into Modern- Day Brass Band Instruments with a Related Teaching Unit for a High School General Music Course
    THE DEVELOPMENT OF CIVIL WAR BRASS BAND INSTRUMENTS INTO MODERN- DAY BRASS BAND INSTRUMENTS WITH A RELATED TEACHING UNIT FOR A HIGH SCHOOL GENERAL MUSIC COURSE Joseph M. Lewis Jr. A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF MUSIC August 2015 Committee: Vincent J. Kantorski, Advisor Bruce B. Moss © 2015 Joseph M. Lewis Jr All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Vincent J. Kantorski, Advisor The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to trace the development of civil war brass band instruments into modern-day brass band instruments and (b) to design a related teaching unit for a high school general music course. Historical sources for this study were books, scholarly articles, photographs of instruments, audio and video recordings, and music scores. I traced in this study the design, development, and uses during the Civil War of keyed bugles, ophecleides, and saxhorns. I then discussed how these transitioned to more modern brass band instruments, specifically keyed bugles to the trumpet and cornet, ophicleides to the Sousaphone, and saxhorns to other instruments. I interviewed Mr. Mark Elrod, the foremost expert on Civil War band instruments, about the design characteristics of Civil War era band instruments that have influenced the design of modern day band instruments, ways in which Civil War band instrumentation has affected the instrumentation of today’s school bands, and the importance for students in school music education programs to study Civil War era bands and music. Based upon the information acquired from these historical sources and the interview with Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Edward Cardwell and the Reform of the British Army, 1868-1874
    University of Nebraska at Omaha DigitalCommons@UNO Student Work 1-1-1966 Edward Cardwell and the reform of the British Army, 1868-1874 Dennis R. Dubs University of Nebraska at Omaha Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/studentwork Recommended Citation Dubs, Dennis R., "Edward Cardwell and the reform of the British Army, 1868-1874" (1966). Student Work. 394. https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/studentwork/394 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UNO. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Work by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EDWARD CARDWELL AND THE REFORM OF THE,BRITISH ARMY, 1868-1874 A Thesis Presented to the Department of History and the Faculty of the College of Graduate Studies University of Omaha In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts by Dennis R. Dubs January 1966 UMI Number: EP73032 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. DIsswtMian: Publishing UMI EP73032 Published by ProQuest LLC (2015). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code ProQuest ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O.
    [Show full text]