DOCSLIB.ORG

Dono, Nanung Danar (2012) Nutritional Strategies to Improve Enteric Health and Growth Performance of Poultry in the Post Antibiotic Era

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Dono, Nanung Danar (2012) Nutritional Strategies to Improve Enteric Health and Growth Performance of Poultry in the Post Antibiotic Era Dono, Nanung Danar (2012) Nutritional strategies to improve enteric health and growth performance of poultry in the post antibiotic era. PhD thesis http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4025/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] NUTRITIONAL STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE ENTERIC HEALTH AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF POULTRY IN THE POST ANTIBIOTIC ERA Nanung Danar Dono BSc (Hons), MSc (Hons) A thesis submitted to the College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Research conducted at the Avian Science Research Centre, Scottish Agricultural College, Ayr August 2012 © Nanung Danar Dono 1 In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful 2 Abstract Four studies consisting of 6 experiments were conducted to investigate the likely mechanisms of actions of feed additives used in the place of antibiotics to improve performance and enteric health in broilers. In the first study, the relationship between digesta pH, body weight and nutrient utilisation in broilers of the same breed but with different propensity for weight gain at different ages were investigated. It was noted that birds in group H (heavy) consumed more feed (P < 0.001) than those in group L (light) during the starter (day 10 to 14) and grower (day 15 to 28) phases. Birds in group H had lower (P < 0.05) caecal pH in the starter and grower phases and lower (P < 0.05) proventriculus pH in grower and finisher (day 29 to 42) phases. In the grower phase, caecal pH was correlated (r = 0.553) with total tract retention of DM and energy utilisation at both the ileal and total tract levels, whereas during the finisher phase, crop pH was correlated with ileal nutrient utilisation, and jejunum pH was correlated with total tract energy utilisation. The data showed that differences in body weight are also reflected in differences in gut pH which is likely indicative of differences in intestinal condition between birds with heavier or lighter body weight. The differences in the gut pH explained about half of the variations in total tract nutrient and energy utilisation. Lower gut pH is advantageous for beneficial bacteria colonization but disadvantageous for pathogenic ones colonization and hence it is likely that birds with the same genetic potential may have differences in growth performance based on the type of bacteria colonizing their gut. In the second study, the response of broiler chickens to the supplementation of benzoic acid (BA) was investigated using growth performance, nutrient and energy utilization, intestinal acidity and histomorphology of the intestine as response criteria, using 945 Ross 308 male broilers in 3 treatments with 7 replicates each for 42 days. In the grower (day 11 to 21) phase, BA supplementation at 0.53 g/kg (BA1) increased (P < 0.001) body weight gain and reduced (P < 0.01) FCR, whereas supplementation at 3.20 g/kg (BA2) reduced (P < 0.005) the feed intake without affecting the body weight gain, resulting in a better FCR. Compared with the control, BA supplementations increased (P < 0.001) the protein and energy efficiency ratios in starter and grower phases and tended (P < 0.10) to increase the energy efficiency ratio in finisher phase (day 22 to 42) or the overall experimental period (day 0 – 42). BA supplementations at both rates reduced the caecal pH. Supplementation of 3.20 g/kg BA stimulated the proliferation of the absorptive cells in 3 the jejunum, as shown in the improvement of the villus and crypt dimensions. The data from this study indicated that dietary supplementation of BA beneficially modified intestinal milieu and improved the growth performance of broiler chicks at 42 d of age. In third study, two experiments were conducted to investigate the benefit of using BA and turmeric meal (TM) individually or in combination using growth performance, nutrient utilization, and intestinal health as response criteria. A total of 300 male one-day old broilers (Ross 308) were assigned in 5 treatments in randomized complete block design with 2x2 + 1 factorial arrangement, with 6 replicate pens and 10 birds each pen. Combination of 1 g/kg BA and 5 g/kg TM improved (P < 0.05) body weight gain relative to the control. Supplementation of 2 g/kg BA reduced the pH in the crop (P < 0.001) and jejunum (P < 0.01), whereas combination of BA and TM at 2 and 10 g/kg respectively reduced digesta pH in the crop (P < 0.001), jejunum (P < 0.01), and caeca (P < 0.05). All of the dietary treatments increased (P < 0.005) villus height, crypt depth and width relative to the control. All dietary treatments increased (P < 0.001) AME and AMEn relative to the control diet, whilst supplementation of 10 g/kg TM only increased energy digestibility (P < 0.05) and ileal digestible energy (P < 0.01). Orthogonal contrasts showed that BA and TM were additive in their effects on the growth performance, digesta pH in the proventriculus, jejunum, and ileum, and energy utilization, but associative on the energy digestibility, as well as the crop and caecal pH. None of the treatment altered the relative weight and length of the digestive tract of 21 days old broiler. These studies pointed out that BA and TM can be used in the diet individually or in combination to improve the enteric health, nutrient and energy utilization, and growth performance of broiler chickens. In the fourth study, two experiments were designed to investigate the efficacy of TM and garlic meal (GM) using growth performance, intestinal pH, and energy and nutrient utilisation as response criteria. Three hundreds male one-day old broilers (Ross 308) were assigned in 5 treatments in randomized complete block design with 2x2 + 1 factorial arrangement, with 6 replicate pens and 10 birds each pen. Results showed that combination of GM and TM at 10 g/kg each increased (P < 0.05) the body weight gain, final body weight, and gain to feed ratio relative to the control and the diet with GM supplementation alone. The crop and caecal pH were reduced (P < 0.05) when the diets were supplemented with TM alone at 10 g/kg. The proventriculus pH also dropped (P < 0.05) following GM and TM mixture supplementation at 10 g/kg each relative to the control. Supplementation of 10 g/kg TM alone or in combination with GM at 5 g/kg each 4 increased (P < 0.05) the apparent ileal energy digestibility and ileal digestible energy. All of the dietary treatments increased (P < 0.001) both AME and AMEn compared with the control. Orthogonal contrasts showed that GM and TM were additive for feed intake, nutrient and energy utilization at both the ileal and total tract levels, but associative in their effects on body weight gain and gain to feed ratio. These studies indicated that GM and TM can be used alone or in combination to support intestinal health, improve energy and nutrient utilization, and stimulate growth performance of broiler chickens. Combination of GM and TM at the rate of 5 g/kg each was optimum for enhancing nutrient and energy utilization and promoting growth performance of broiler chickens. Taken together, these studies showed that benzoic acid and herbal products (garlic and turmeric meal) can be supplemented in the diet alone or in combination to improve the enteric health, nutrient and energy utilization, and growth performance of broiler chickens. Improvements on the growth performance might be attributed to the reduction of the entero-pathogens in the gut, enhancement of intestinal health, alteration of the absorptive cells in the intestinal wall, and improvement in the nutrient and energy utilization. 5 Table of Contents Abstract .................................................................................................................................. 3 Table of Contents ................................................................................................................... 6 List of Tables.......................................................................................................................... 9 List of Figures ...................................................................................................................... 11 List of Equations .................................................................................................................. 12 List of Pictures in Appendix ................................................................................................ 13 Publications .......................................................................................................................... 14 Award ................................................................................................................................... 15 Acknowledgement................................................................................................................ 16 Author’s Declaration ............................................................................................................ 17 List of Abbreviations...........................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Morphological, Chemical, and Genetic Characteristics of Korean Native Thyme Bak-Ri-Hyang (Thymus Quinquecostatus Celak.)
    antibiotics Article Morphological, Chemical, and Genetic Characteristics of Korean Native Thyme Bak-Ri-Hyang (Thymus quinquecostatus Celak.) Minju Kim 1, Jun-Cheol Moon 2, Songmun Kim 1,* and Kandhasamy Sowndhararajan 3,* 1 School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea; [email protected] 2 Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea; [email protected] 3 Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641029, Tamil Nadu, India * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.K.); [email protected] (K.S.); Tel.: +82-33-250-6447 (S.K.); +91-422-2642095 (K.S.) Received: 27 April 2020; Accepted: 25 May 2020; Published: 28 May 2020 Abstract: Bak-ri-hyang (Thymus quinquecostatus Celak.) is an important medicinal and aromatic plant in Korea. T. quinquecostatus population and is always mixed with other thyme cultivars during cultivation and marketing. Hence, this study aimed to determine the genetic variability and the essential oil composition of three Korean native thyme, T. quinquecostatus cultivars collected from the Wolchul, Jiri, and Odae mountains, in comparison with six commercial thyme cultivars (T. vulgaris), to distinguish Bak-ri-hyang from other thyme cultivars. The composition of essential oils obtained from nine individuals was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was accomplished using 16 different primers. The GC–MS analysis revealed that Wolchul, creeping, golden, and orange cultivars belong to the geraniol chemotype. Whereas the Odae, lemon, and silver cultivars belong to the thymol chemotype. Further, linalool was the most abundant component in carpet and Jiri cultivars.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Diversity Among Thymus Spp. Using Rapd and Issr Markers
    6 Egyptian J. Desert Res., 69, Special Issue, 91-106 (2019) GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG THYMUS SPP. USING RAPD AND ISSR MARKERS Esraa A. El Sherbeny*, El-Shaimaa S. El-Demerdash, Yasser A.M. Salama and Mohamed Z.S. Ahmed 1Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, El-Matareya, Cairo, Egypt *E-mail: [email protected] his investigation was carried out to assess the relationships among three Thymus species; two wild species (Thymus T capitatus and Thymus decussatus) and a cultivar (Thymus vulgaris). Two molecular markers were used to determine the genetic relationships among them; random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and the inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers techniques. The results suggest that RAPD marker is the best choice for the evaluation of diversity and the genetic relationships between two wild Thymus species with high accuracy, which revealed 224 DNA bands detected across 15 primers with high polymorphism than ISSR, which revealed 336 DNA bands. The genetic relationship among Thymus species based on molecular data was developed using a dendrogram constructed by UPGMA cluster analysis. Conservationist may use the information of the present study to make effective decisions regarding the global protection and management of Thymus species in Egypt. Keywords: Thymus, genetic relationships, RAPD-PCR, ISSR The genus Thymus belongs to the family Lamiaceae and includes several hundreds of species distributed over the world (Akcin, 2006). The systematics of species remains difficult because of the interspecific hybridization, polyploidy and morphological similarities among species (Morales, 1996 and Tzakow and Constantinidis, 2005). The genus Thymus is known in several countries as a spice and food preservative, as well as a st The 1 Scientific Conference of Plant Genetic Resources Department, Ecology and Dry Lands Agriculture Division, Desert Research Center “Plant Genetic Resources and Sustainable Development Under Egyptian Desert Conditions” 13-16 November, 2019, Sharm El-Sheikh, South Sinai, Egypt 92 Esraa A.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review on Presence of Oleanolic Acid in Natural Products
    Natura Proda Medica, (2), April 2009 64 A review on presence of Oleanolic acid in Natural Products A review on presence of Oleanolic acid in Natural Products YEUNG Ming Fai Abstract Oleanolic acid (OA), a common phytochemical, is chosen as an example for elucidation of its presence in natural products by searching scientific databases. 146 families, 698 genera and 1620 species of natural products were found to have OA up to Sep 2007. Keywords Oleanolic acid, natural products, plants, Chinese medicine, Linnaeus system of plant classification Introduction and/or its saponins in natural products was carried out for Oleanolic acid (OA), a common phytochemical, is chosen elucidating its pressence. The classification was based on as an example for elucidation of its presence in natural Linnaeus system of plant classification from the databases of products by searching scientific databases. SciFinder and China Yearbook Full-text Database (CJFD). Methodology of Review Result of Review Literature search for isolation and characterization of OA Search results were tabulated (Table 1). Table 1 Literature review of natural products containing OA and/or its saponins. The classification is based on Angiosperm Phylogeny Group APG II system of plant classification from the databases of SciFinder and China Yearbook Full-text Database (CJFD). Family of plants Plant scientific names Position of plant to be Form of OA References isolated isolated Acanthaceae Juss. Acanthus illicifolius L. Leaves OA [1-2] Acanthaceae Avicennia officinalis Linn. Leaves OA [3] Acanthaceae Blepharis sindica Stocks ex T. Anders Seeds OA [4] Acanthaceae Dicliptera chinensis (Linn.) Juss. Whole plant OA [5] Acanthaceae Justicia simplex Whole plant OA saponins [6] Actinidiaceae Gilg.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological, Molecular and Phytochemical Variation in Some Thyme Genotypes
    Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences Bull. Env. Pharmacol. Life Sci., Vol 5 [11] October 2016: 25-35 ©2015 Academy for Environment and Life Sciences, India Online ISSN 2277-1808 Journal’s URL:http://www.bepls.com CODEN: BEPLAD Global Impact Factor 0.533 Universal Impact Factor 0.9804 ORIGINAL ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Morphological, Molecular and phytochemical Variation in Some Thyme Genotypes Marzieh Dalir1 and Abbas Safarnejad* 1MSc, Biotechnology,Mashhad Branch, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran. Email:[email protected] 2*Corresponding author, Associate Professor, Faculty member of Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center or Mashhad Branch, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran Email: [email protected], ABSTRACT Thyme is an important medicinal plant in cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries. The first step for breeding of thyme is evaluating of genetic variation and relationship between thyme’s accessions. Thirteen accessions of Thyme medicinal plant were studied in the aspect of morphology, chemical and molecular variation. ANOVA showed significant differences between accessions for total characterization tested. The dendrogram constructed on the basis of morphology similarities showed two major clusters. In order to evaluate the genetic variation, the genomic DNA extracted using modified medicinal CTAB protocol. The evaluation of the quality of DNA was examined with electrophoresis. Twenty primers were used for PCR analysis and only 9 primers showed clear bands. Out of 149 bands, 83/22% were the polymorphism. The data were analyzed with SPSS and POPGENE programs and the dendrogram was drawn based on UPGMA and showed three major clusters.
    [Show full text]
  • République Algérienne Démocratique Et Populaire Ministère De L’Enseignement Superieur Et De La Recherche Scientifique
    RÉPUBLIQUE ALGÉRIENNE DÉMOCRATIQUE ET POPULAIRE MINISTÈRE DE L’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPERIEUR ET DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE UNIVERSITÉ ABOU BEKR BELKAID-TLEMCEN Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie et des Sciences de la Terre et de l’Univers Département de Biologie Laboratoire « Produits Naturels » de l’Université de Tlemcen Laboratoire de l’équipe « Chimie et Biomasse » de l’Université de Corse-CNRS THÈSE En vue de l’obtention du diplôme de DOCTORAT En Biologie Option : Nutrition et Santé Présentée par : M. MALTI Charaf Eddine Watheq Thème Etude des activités biologiques et de la composition chimique des huiles essentielles de trois plantes aromatiques d’Algérie : Pituranthos scoparius (Guezzah), Santolina africana (EL Djouada) et Cymbopogon schoenanthus (El Lemad) » Soutenue le : 04 / 09 / 2019 Devant le jury composé de : Président : Mme ATIK-BEKKARA Fewzia | Professeur | Université de Tlemcen Examinateurs : M. BIGHELLI Ange | Professeur | Université de Corse M. LAZOUNI Hamadi Abderrahmane | Professeur | Université de Tlemcen Co-directeur de thèse : M. TOMI Félix | Professeur | Université de Corse Directeur de thèse : Mme BEKHECHI Chahrazed | Professeur | Université de Tlemcen Année Universitaire 2018 – 2019 REMERCIEMENTS Ce travail a été réalisé au département de Biologie, laboratoire des « Produits Naturels », au sein de l’équipe « Activité Antimicrobienne des Substances Naturelles et Ecologie Microbienne », sous la direction de Madame BEKHECHI Chahrazed, en collaboration avec le laboratoire de l’équipe « Chimie et Biomasse » de l’université de Corse-CNRS, UMR 6134 SPE, sous la direction de Monsieur TOMI Félix. Tout d’abord, j’adresse mes plus vifs remerciements à mon directeur de thèse Madame BEKHECHI Chahrazed, Professeur à l’université de Tlemcen, dont l’expérience et le dévouement sans faille ont permis la réalisation de cette thèse.
    [Show full text]
  • Syntenic Gene and Genome Duplication Drives Diversification of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Innate Immunity in Flowering Plants
    Genomics 4.0 - Syntenic Gene and Genome Duplication Drives Diversification of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Innate Immunity in Flowering Plants - Advanced Pattern Analytics in Duplicate Genomes - Johannes A. Hofberger Thesis committee Promotor Prof. Dr M. Eric Schranz Professor of Experimental Biosystematics Wageningen University Other members Prof. Dr Bart P.H.J. Thomma, Wageningen University Prof. Dr Berend Snel, Utrecht University Dr Klaas Vrieling, Leiden University Dr Gabino F. Sanchez, Wageningen University This research was conducted under the auspices of the Graduate School of Experimental Plant Sciences. Genomics 4.0 - Syntenic Gene and Genome Duplication Drives Diversification of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Innate Immunity in Flowering Plants - Advanced Pattern Analytics in Duplicate Genomes - Johannes A. Hofberger Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. Dr M.J. Kropff, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Monday 18 May 2015 at 4 p.m. in the Aula. Johannes A. Hofberger Genomics 4.0 - Syntenic Gene and Genome Duplication Drives Diversification of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Innate Immunity in Flowering Plants 83 pages. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL (2015) With references, with summaries in Dutch and English ISBN: 978-94-6257-314-7 PROPOSITIONS 1. Ohnolog over-retention following ancient polyploidy facilitated diversification of the glucosinolate biosynthetic inventory in the mustard family. (this thesis) 2. Resistance protein conserved in structurally stable parts of plant genomes confer pleiotropic effects and expanded functions in plant innate immunity. (this thesis) 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Relationship of Some Origanum and Thymus Species Based on ITS Regions
    IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB) ISSN: 2455-264X, Volume 6, Issue 6 (Nov. – Dec. 2020), PP 12-23 www.iosrjournals.org Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Relationship of some Origanum and Thymus Species Based on ITS Regions Mohamed Zoelfakar Sayed Ahmed1, El-Shaimaa Saad El-Demerdash1 and Shafik Darwish Ibrahim2 1(Genetic Resources Department, Desert Research Center (DRC), 1, Mathaf El-Matariya Street, El-Matariya B.O.P 11753 El-Matariya, Cairo, Egypt.) 2(Molecular Genetics and Genome Mapping Lab., AGERI, ARC, 9 Gamma St., Giza – Cairo 12619, Egypt.) Abstract: Background: Lamiaceae or Labiatae family is one of the major important plant families of multiple usesin aromatic purposes, medicine and food. Oregano (Origanum) and thyme (Thymus) the scope of our study are belonging to familyLamiaceae. Butin spite of their importance, they are poorly identified on the basis of molecular levels three Thymus species (T. vulgaris, T. capitatus and T. decussatus)and two Origanum species (O. vulgareand O. syriacum L., subsp. sinaicum) were chosen for the preset study. Molecular identification and characterization studies based on DNA molecular marker (ITS region) are more precise, reliable and powerful tool to assess the phylogenetic relationships between studied plant species with 17 genera in Lamiaceae family. Materials and Methods:Specific one fragment ofPCR product about 710±15 bp from was produced using the universal primer (ITS1 and ITS4) with highly conserved of ITS regions of rDNA through the 5 samples under study and sequencing of the obtained fragment was conducted. Results:The sequence lengths of the ITS region of three Thymus species were 685bp, 681bp and 680bp with T.
    [Show full text]
  • 2011 PBRG Report
    ANNUAL REPORT 2011 PBRG | PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH GROUP PBRG Plant Biotechnology Research Group Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering Departamento de Biologia Vegetal Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisbon Portugal http://cbv.fc.ul.pt Plant Biotechnology Research Group 8. Identification of the catabolic products of β- PBRG myrcene used as sole carbon source by Pseu- domonas sp. M1 and their correlation with bacterial gene expression. Major Achievements Objectives Pursuing our studies in the Plectranthus ge- The Plant Biotechnology Research Group nus, it was demonstrated that P. barbatus (PBRG) is a research unit on plant sciences herbal tea and its main constituent also involved in advanced education on bio- (rosmarinic acid), administered intra- technology. The main research goals, on a plu- gastrically or intraperitoneally to rats, can riannual basis, are the in vivo and in vitro sec- cross the intestinal barrier, as well as the ondary metabolites production, aiming the as- Plant Biotechnology Research Group blood brain barrier and be detected in the sessment of the National endemic aromatic/ brain, where it inhibits the enzyme acetyl- medicinal flora potentialities, the molecular cholinesterase. It was also showed that the characterization of aromatic species, focusing metabolization and bioavailability of the tea on the terpene synthase genes, the study of 7. a) Assessment of essential oils, and their components is different from the administra- plant secretory structures and the prospecting Bursaphlenchus xylophilus (Pine Wilt Nema- fractions, for their potential nematicidal proper- tion of pure compounds. In addition, protein of bioactive components. Briefly, the following tode) and Solanum tuberosum hairy roots/ ties, namely in the control of the pine wood intrinsic fluorescence analysis proved that P.
    [Show full text]
  • Thèse En Vue De L’Obtention Du Diplôme De Doctorat En Sciences Agronomiques
    الجـمـهـورية الجـزائـرية الديـمـقراطـية الشـعبـية REPUBLIQUE ALGERIENNE DEMOCRATIQUE ET POPULAIRE وزارة التـعلـيم العـالي و البـحـث العـلمـي MINISTERE DE L’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPERIEUR ET DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE المـدرسة الـوطـنية العـليا للعـلوم الفـﻻحـية الـحراش -الجـزائـر- ECOLE NATIONALE SUPERIEURE AGRONOMIQUE (ENSA) EL-HARRACH – ALGER Thèse En vue de l’obtention du Diplôme de Doctorat en Sciences Agronomiques Thème Effet de l’addition de thymol ou de carvacrol sur l’activité biologique des huiles essentielles de Juniperus phoenicea et d’Ammoides atlantica et de l’effet de l’irradiation gamma sur la composition chimique et l’activité antioxydante d’extraits de Thymus algeriensis Présentée par : Mme LATRECHE – DOUAR Sabrina Soutenue le : 22 – 06 – 2019. Devant le jury composé de : Président : M. BENCHABANE Ahmed Professeur à l’ENSA Directeur de thèse : M. HAZZIT Mohamed Professeur à l’ENSA Examinateurs : Mme MOUHOUCHE Fazia Professeur à l’ENSA Mme SAHRAOUI Naima MCA à l’USTHB Année universitaire : 2018-2019 M. BENKACI-ALI Farid Professeur à l’USTHB M. FERHAT Mohamed Amine Professeur à l’ENS Année universitaire 2018 - 2019 Remerciements Je tiens à remercier Monsieur HAZZIT Mohamed, Professeur à l’ENSA (École Nationale Supérieure Agronomique – El-Harrach – Alger), pour son encadrement, sa disponibilité et son sérieux. Son écoute, ses conseils et sa patience m’ont marqué à jamais. Merci encore. Je suis reconnaissante à Monsieur BENCHABANE Ahmed, Professeur à l’ENSA (École Nationale Supérieure Agronomique – El-Harrach – Alger), de nous faire l’honneur de présider ce jury. Je tiens aussi à le remercier pour sa bonne humeur, son encouragement, et sa disponibilité tout au long de ce travail.
    [Show full text]
  • Thymus Capitatus Hoffm. Et Link. and Thymus Algeriensis Boiss. Et Reut
    African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 11(36), pp. 8810-8819, 3 May, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB DOI: 10.5897/AJB11.1584 ISSN 1684–5315 © 2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Inter-specific relationships among two Tunisian Thymus taxa: Thymus capitatus Hoffm. et Link. and Thymus algeriensis Boiss. et Reut. using molecular markers Imen BEN EL HADJ ALI*, Arbi GUETAT and Mohamed BOUSSAID National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology B. P. 676, 1080 Tunis Cedex, Tunisia. Accepted 28 October, 2011 Genetic relationships between two sympatric species Thymus capitatus Hoffm. et Link. and Thymus algeriensis Boiss. et Reut. ( Thymus hirtus Willd. subsp. algeriensis Boiss. et Reut.) were assessed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Eighteen natural populations from different geographical and bioclimatic zones were evaluated. The seven selected primers generated 121 RAPD markers for T. capitatus (103 polymorphic; P = 85.12%) and 154 for T. algeriensis (141 polymorphic; P = 91.56%). The genetic diversity within T. capitatus and T. algeriensis populations based on Shannon’s index was high (H’ pop = 0.303 and 0.307, respectively). A high genetic differentiation was revealed (GST = 0.359 and ΦST = 0.284 for T. capitatus , GST = 0.335 and ΦST = 0.296 for T. algeriensis ). The large proportions of the genetic variation were observed within populations for the two studied taxa. A high genetic population’s structure was also estimated by a principal component analysis (PCA). Unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic average (UPGMA) cluster analysis based on Nei and Li's coefficient among populations identified that T.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Wg Report for Phase Ix (2014-2018)
    MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS WG REPORT FOR PHASE IX (2014-2018) Submitted to the 15th Steering Committee Meeting, Thessaloniki, Greece, May 2018 by: Ana Maria Barata Date of compilation: 5 March 2018 1. CONTRIBUTION TO ECPGR OBJECTIVES 1.1. Achievements and success stories Outcome 1. AEGIS is operational. Accessions in AEGIS are characterized and evaluated. Outcome 2. Quantity and quality of data in EURISCO, including in situ and on-farm data, have been increased. Functionality of EURISCO meets users' expectations. In the context of the MAP EUROCOLLECTION project, WG members were encouraged to initiate the process of recommending accessions to be flagged as AEGIS, to increase the European Collection. Country reports update showed improvements of ex situ and in situ conservation of MAP species in Europe. However, while there has been an important dynamics in this group of species, there is still a substantial dispersion of institutions working on this subject and consequently in some cases country capacity shows difficulty to integrate the results and the sustainable MAP genetic resources management. The 13 Activity partners discussed the actual situation of European MAP in the context of ex situ and in situ conservation, characterization and evaluation and numbers were updated. The European Collection of flagged MAP priority species in AEGIS comprises 84 accessions of MAPWG priority species contributed by the Nordic countries, Germany and Romania. The update of the EURISCO database (24 April 2017) showed 2923 accessions for the 10 MAP priority species (Table 1) and the number of contributors’ countries to ex situ conservation of the priority list, depending on species, ranges between 1 and 22 (Table 2).
    [Show full text]
  • Phenolic Production and Antioxidant Properties of Some Macedonian Medicinal Plants
    Cent. Eur. J. Biol. • 9(9) • 2014 • 888-900 DOI: 10.2478/s11535-014-0322-1 Central European Journal of Biology Phenolic production and antioxidant properties of some Macedonian medicinal plants Research Article Oliver Tusevski1, Aneta Kostovska2, Ana Iloska2, Ljubica Trajkovska2, Sonja Gadzovska Simic1* 1Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University “Ss. Cyril and Methodius”, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia 2Biology Students Research Society (BSRS), Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University “Ss. Cyril and Methodius”, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia Received 24 September 2013; Accepted 26 December 2013 Abstract: Investigations have been made to study the production of phenolic compounds (total phenolics, flavonoids and phenylpropanoids) and total antioxidant capacity in 27 Macedonian traditional medicinal plants to improve its potential as a source of natural antioxidants. Antioxidant potential of plant extracts was analyzed by five different assays: cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), phosphomolybdenum method (PM), reducing power (RP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 2,2’-azinobis(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS•+) radical scavenging activity. Origanum vulgare extract consistently exhibited the highest content of phenolic compounds and the strongest antioxidant capacity based on the tests performed, and can be proposed as a promising source of natural antioxidants. Melissa officinalis and Salvia ringens were also identified as valuable sources of antioxidant compounds. A positive linear correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenolics, flavonoids and phenylpropanoids indicates that these compounds are likely to be the main antioxidants contributing to the observed activities of evaluated plants. These findings suggest that the medicinal plants studied in this paper are good sources of bioactive compounds for the food and pharmaceutical industries.
    [Show full text]