Archaeological Overview Assessment Richmond Island Milltown Marina & Boatyard Project

Home , Lulu Island

ARCHAEOLOGICAL OVERVIEW ASSESSMENT RICHMOND ISLAND MILLTOWN MARINA & BOATYARD PROJECT

prepared for

Musqueam First Nation & Bastion Development Corporation

prepared by

Leonard C. Ham, Ph.D.

2011 03 13

ARCHAEOLOGICAL OVERVIEW ASSESSMENT RICHMOND ISLAND MILLTOWN MARINA & BOATYARD PROJECT

prepared for

Musqueam First Nation & Bastion Development Corporation

prepared by

______

Leonard C. Ham, Ph.D.

2011 03 13

iii

MANAGEMENT SUMMARY

The Musqueam First Nation and Bastion Development Corporation are proposing to develop a marina and boatyard on Richmond Island in the Fraser River North Arm in the Marpole area of Vancouver. Originally Richmond Island was tidal wet grassland which was capped with up to 5 m of dredged Fraser River sand between the late 1930s and early 1950s. It was subsequently used by Canadian Forest Products Ltd. as a lumber storage yard.

The original surface of Richmond Island was assessed to have a low potential for archaeological remains. However, none of the facilities proposed for the marina and boatyard will extend in excess of 1.6 m below the present surface, and will not impact the original 1859 surface. The marina portion of the development is proposed for the previously dredged silted-up channel of the North Arm of the Fraser.

There is a very low chance the proposed development will impact the original surface of Richmond Island, or portions of the river bed which would have been accessible to First Nations activities prior to 1859. It is the professional opinion of the author that additional archaeological investigations are not warranted for the proposed development.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page i Credit page ii Management Summary iii Table of Contents iv List of Figures iv

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1

2.0 STUDY AREA SETTING 1

2.1 Introduction 1

2.3 Study Area Environment 1

2.4 Original Vegetation 2

2.5 Historic Background 2

3.0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE POTENTIAL 3

4.0 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT 5

5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5

6.0 References cited 6

List of Figures

1 Location Richmond Island 9

2 Dewdney’s Subdivision Survey of Study Area 10

3 1898 North Arm Chart 11

4 G.S.C. Fraser River Investigation Sheet No. 11 12

5 Richmond Island Portion NAPL 1938 13

6 Richmond Island Development Plan 14

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1.0 RICHMOND ISLAND MILLTOWN MARINA & BOATYARD PROJECT

The Musqueam First Nation and Bastion Development Corporation propose to develop a marina and boatyard on Richmond Island in the North Arm distributary of the Fraser River in the Marpole area of Vancouver (Figure 1). Richmond Island is approximately 8 km upstream from the mouth of the river and 400 m downstream from the Arthur Lang Bridge. Historically, Richmond Island was wet grassland which would have been flooded during freshets and high water tides. It was filled with dredged river sand between the late 1930s and the early 1950s and the island edges faced with rip rap. The island is now connected to the mainland by a boulder and sand filled causeway across the former river channel on the north side of the island. The island surface is 6 m geodetic and paved. Historically the island was used by the Canadian Forest Products Ltd. sawmill as a lumber storage yard.

The original island surface, + 4.5-5.0 m below the paved surface is assigned a low potential for archaeological remains. The proposed boat yard will be constructed on grade with service trench, lamp posts and piles being the only source of subsurface disturbances. None of these proposed facilities will be approach within 3.5-4.0 m of the original, 1859 surface. It is my professional opinion additional archaeological investigations are not warranted.

2.0 STUDY AREA SETTING

2.1 Introduction

The native Indians of the study area were the Halkomelem speaking ancestors of the Musqueam First Nation who now reside at Musqueam Village at the mouth of the North Arm (Barnett 1975:33; Boas 1894:454; Duff 1952:24; Kew 1970a, 1970b; Musqueam Band 1976; Suttles 1955:12, 1990:454-455). Their main settlement at Musqueam Village consisted of several large, permanent house site clusters. There were a number of smaller house site clusters along the North Arm, including; one at the foot of Victoria Drive (cuxul'emu7, tsow-HAIL-im-uth), one at Marpole (cusna'um, tsis-NAW-im), and another on Sea Island (sq√sazun', skwi-SAW-thin). The nearest of these Musqueam settlements to Richmond Island was cusna'um at Marpole, 350 m to the northeast.

2.3 Study Area Environment

Originally situated mid-channel of the Fraser River North Arm, Richmond Island is now attached to the north shore by a causeway of imported fill. In 1859 the island was reported to be the same elevation as the north shore which the 1919 Geological Survey of Canada surveyed at 4.0 feet (1.22 m), the same elevation as shown for central portions of Richmond Island (cf., Figures 2 & 4). It is not known if Richmond Island was formed from a sandbar in the North Arm, or if it was formerly a part of Sea Island cut off by erosion during a freshet.

Commencing in the late 1930s (Figure 5), at least 5 m of sand was imported onto the island and the surface paved with asphalt. Final grade was 6 m ASL which is its present surface elevation (Matthew Cote, Bastion Development Corp., pers. comm.). Geotechnical testing on Richmond Island and the causeway was carried out in 1998 (Van-Burn 1998). None of the 12 tests were deep enough to reach the original 1859-1898 surface, or the compacted silts expected if it was formerly part of Sea Island. The resulting logs report thick deposits of sand (Van-Burn 1998).

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2.4 Original Vegetation

On their map, Vegetation of the Southwestern Fraser Lowland, 1858-1880, North et al. (1979, North and Teversham 1984) indicate the historic vegetation of Richmond Island as a spruce forest community based on the review of original land survey documents (Figure 2). This is an error. Richmond Island was included in Dewdney’s 1859 land survey of Sea Island, the eastern portion recorded as part of Section 17 and the western portion part of Section 18, of Block 5 North and Range 6 West of Coast Meridian (see Trutch 1859:53, 57). On page 57 of survey note book 7/59, Richmond Island is described as “a grass island of good quality soil and as high above water as the opposite bank of mainland” (Trutch 1859:57). It should be noted that the Sea Island grasslands were not vegetated only with grass, but also included occasional clusters of crabapple trees and scattered spruce trees (Trutch 1859). Neither is mentioned for Richmond Island in 1859, suggesting the island is much younger than adjacent Sea Island. Possibly it is very recent. By 1898 there are crabapple trees growing on the island (Figure 3), and by 1938 there are conifers (Figure 5), perhaps reflecting a natural plant succession. None of the subsurface geotechnical and contaminated soils tests excavated by Van-Burn Construction in 1998 were sufficiently deep to encounter the original surface (i.e., 1859)(for test locations see Figure 6).

2.5 Historic Background

The earliest European contact with the Fraser River North Arm was the expeditions by the Spanish Royal Navy in 1791 and 1792. In 1791 while off the mouth of the North Arm, Sailing Master José Narvaez had noted fresh water and correctly interpreted the presence of a large river (Wagner 1933:186). The next year the area was again visited by the Spanish, this time by Lieutenants Dionisio Alcalá Galiano and Cayetano Valdés in the schooners Sutil and Mexicana (Espinosa y Tello 1802:61-71; Palau 1986:84-5). In middle of June, the Spanish attempted to row up the channel from the mouth of the river, but they were flushed back out by the strong current of the turbid freshet waters (Wagner 1930:252). During the time the Spanish were charting and mapping off the mouth of the Fraser River they were visited on at least two occasions by Indians from the Musqueam settlements on the south side of Point Grey (Espinosa y Tello 1802:62-4; Wagner 1933:260-1).

Also in 1792 an English Royal Navy expedition under Captain George Vancouver was charting the Gulf of Georgia (Vancouver 1801:209-17). Vancouver met up with Galiano and Valdés off Point Grey on June 21, and the two groups exchanged information from their respective charts of the area (Espinosa y Tello 1802:66; Vancouver 1801:209). Vancouver’s only reference to the Point Grey Indians concerned the purchase of a number of sturgeon from them, prompting him to name the shallows off the Fraser River delta “Sturgeon Banks” (Vancouver 1801:213). On June 23, 1792, the English and Spanish ships departed in company up the Gulf of Georgia to continue their map work (Espinosa y Tello 1802:134-6; Palau 1986:85; Vancouver 1801:218).

Other than a very brief visit to Musqueam Village by the Northwest Company fur trader Simon Fraser in 1808 (Lamb 1960:106-7), there is no mention of the Musqueam and the North Arm of the Fraser until after the establishment of Fort Langley by the Hudson’s Bay Company in 1827 (Barnston 1827:28- 37). Over the next 30 years activities were largely on the Main or South Arm of the Fraser River until the 1858 gold rush and the proclamation of the Crown Colony of British Columbia (Ormsby 1971).

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Attention quickly focused on defence of the new capital at New Westminster and in early 1860 the western end of Point Grey was set aside as a military reserve (Cope 1940:161). By 1862 several properties were pre-empted along the North Arm and a route surveyed for the “North Arm Trail” from New Westminster to a wharf at Musqueam Village (Howell 1862; Lands & Works 1862; Laing 1939). Western trail portions, and possibly most of the route probably followed a well established old Musqueam Trail. Colonial control of Point Grey was quickly established with the subdivision survey of Sea Island in 1859, designation of the military reserve in 1860, survey of the North Arm Trail in 1862-63, survey of the Point Grey timber leases in 1869, survey of the original Musqueam Reserve in 1870, and of North Arm Crown Grants in 1876 (Cope 1940; Green 1869; Howell 1862; Jemmett 1876; Mohun 1870; Trutch 1859).

In 1882, one Angus Fraser and partners built the Richmond Cannery on the south shore of Richmond Island (Figure 3) (Lyons 1969:168). It was purchased by J.H. Todd & Son’s Limited before the start of the 1882 salmon season, and was in operation until at least 1909 (Lyons 1969:168; Reid 1973:39). Richmond Island was also home to a black man, a “hermit” by the name of Jimmy, hence the island’s other name, Jimmy’s Island (Ross 1979:94). Possibly he had taken up residence in one of the old cannery buildings. With the closure of the cannery there does not appear to have been any further industrial or settlement activity on Richmond Island until the 1950s after the island was capped with fill.

The 1919 Geological Survey map indicates the island has been divided into four small lots, each surrounded by a dike (Figure 4). This suggests that one or more North Arm farmers might be using the island for hay and required the dikes to permit the ground to dry out prior to cutting the hay. Late in the 1930s the island was capped with sand, probably dredged from the channels either side of Richmond Island. The silted-up river channel on the north side of Richmond Island, called Richmond Slough although it is not a slough, was last dredged in the 1950s (Matthew Cote, Bastion Development Corp., pers. comm.).

3.0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE POTENTIAL

The most obvious resources in the vicinity of Richmond Island of interest to the Musqueam would be any plants which might be found on the island, and fish from the North Arm. The 1859 subdivision survey reports only grass on the island (Trutch 1859), but there may have been a few crabapple patches similar to the grassland areas on Sea Island. Suggesting this possibility is the 1898 federal navigation chart of the North Arm (Figure 3) which notes “Patches of Crabapple” on the eastern or upstream half of the island. The plan of the North Arm made by the Geological Survey of Canada in 1919 does not indicate any of the vegetation on the island (Figure 4).

Native crabapples were eaten by the Halkomelem Coast Salish (Turner 1975:202-4), and were very common in the Fraser River delta. The examination of historic maps reveals there were native crabapples near practically every Indian settlement in the Vancouver and Fraser Delta area. Grass was also an important plant. It is not known what type of grass was found on Richmond Island, but possibly it was either reed canary-grass or common reedgrass, both present in the Lower Mainland in marshes and river margins, often in standing water (Turner 1979:144-148). Both kinds were used to imbricate basketry (ibid.). Fraser River deer nets were made from a grass called sakwats (Jenness n.d., p.11), a plant traded from the Fraser (Boas 1890:15; Suttles 1974:318). Forbes (1972:22-28) has provided a list of 138 grass and forb species identified in grassland communities of the Fraser River delta which includes

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26 native grass, sedge, and reed species known to have been used in Coast Salish weaving (cf., Turner 1979).

All five species of salmon run in the Fraser River. On the Lower Fraser spring run chinooks and summer run sockeye were taken with trawl or bag nets and dip nets (Lamb 2007:134; Suttles 1998:180- 1). The trawl net was a bag or purse like net attached to long poles and dragged between two canoes. Its use is described by Bishop George Hills, in his diary entry for May 25th 1860 (Bagshaw 1996:114).

Every now & then we met a canoe with Indians. One was fishing for salmon. We saw the method. There were three in the boat. Two paddled, one at the stem held a pole, at the end of which was a bag net stretched by a [loop]. This he kept down at a certain depth, going down the stream & meeting the fish in their ascent. As soon as he perceived, by the sensation, that a fish was inside, he quickly drew a string which closed the bag, and the fish was caught & brought into the boat. I understand they will catch salmon sometimes as fast as they can lower & pull in the net.

The dip net consisted of a net attached with bone slip rings to a wooden hoop on the end of a long pole. It was used for dipping salmon out of traps, for capturing them in ripples or for just quiet fishing in eddies. The fisherman sat in his canoe and on feeling a fish in his net, he would pull on a line which drew the bone rings together closing the net (Barnett 1975:87-8; Suttles 1998:18). Some early pink salmon, which only run every other year on the Fraser, would have been taken incidentally along with end of run sockeye with the bag net. Most pink, along with autumn run cohoe and chum, would have been taken on smaller tributary streams with traps set in weirs across the stream, or simply taken with dip nets, harpoons and gaff hooks (Suttles 1998:181-2).

The largest fish in the Fraser River system is the white sturgeon whose spawning migration takes place in the late spring, just before the freshet, concurrently with that of the eulachon, one of its principal foods at that time (Clemens and Wilby 1961; Northcote 1974; Rathbun 1900). Several marine species as well as local residents also have spawning runs just before freshet, including; three-spined sticklebacks, peamouth chubs, starry flounders, sculpins, large scale suckers, northern squawfish, and others also spawn at this time (Beak 1981; Northcote 1974; Scott and Crossman 1973). This concentration of spawners attract an upstream movement of predators which include; starry flounders, staghorn sculpins, dogfish, and harbour seals, California sea lions, northern sea lions, and northern fur seals (Ibid.). Most important was the white sturgeon which is resident in the Fraser River or just offshore year round. The following description of sturgeon fishing and gear is from George Barnston’s 1827-8 journal;

The Spears made use of in killing them are sometimes fifty feet long, running into a fork at the end, on the two claws of which, are fixed Barbs pointed occasionally with iron, but oftener with a piece of shell. When the Fish is struck the Barbs are unshipped, and being attached in the middle by a cord which is carried along the spear and held by the Fisherman, they are drawn across the wound in the same manner as a Whale Harpoon, and the Fish when exhausted is drawn up and killed. (Barnston 1827 07 31).

Of the other prefreshet runs of fish, the eulachon was probably the most important. They would have been taken with dip nets or with herring rakes (Jenness 1955:9; Suttles 1955:23, 1998:183). Fraser River eulachon are not as oily as their more northern cousins and thus rather than being rendered for oil, were eaten fresh or dried or smoked whole on a stick (Jenness 1955:9).

As the crabapple trees on Richmond Island appear to be a very recent development, the only resource which may have been of interest to the Musqueam may have been a type of reedgrass. It would have been harvested in early summer when the plants had achieved maximum development, but before the dry period of the summer when the plants may have started to die back. The only evidence of this

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activity would be any hafted biface and unifacial flake knives used to cut and remove the plants and which may have been broken, worn-out or lost during harvesting activities. These isolated artifacts would be in the original Ah zone of the original surface of the island.

The North and Middle Arms of the Fraser River carry only 26% of the flow from the main stem river (Transportation and Highways 1983:16). This flow is divided again just upstream from Richmond Island with possibly more than ½ the water going out the Middle Arm. It is unclear what effect this has on fish runs, but the channel bottom of the North Arm appears more meandering with more sand bars than the Middle or South Arms. I have never observed fishing boats active in the North Arm below the Marpole, but I have observed them upstream above the bifurcation which suggests to me that far more salmon use the Middle Arm than the North Arm. Although Richmond Island may a relatively poor salmon fishing area, the opposite may have been the case with white sturgeon. As sturgeon fishing consisted of probing the river bottom for the fish, the narrower channel bottoms may have made sturgeon fishing easier. Due to the proximity of large villages to Richmond Island, sturgeon caught there were most likely to be taken to the main settlements at Marpole, Sea Island or Musqueam for processing. Few if any artifacts, remains of drying frames, smudge fires, or other traces of fishing activities may be present on Richmond Island. Deposits associated with habitations or temporary camps are not anticipated. The Richmond Island study area is thus assigned a low archaeological site potential.

4.0 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT

Proposed for Richmond Island is a boatyard and marina consisting of a marina centre, marine trades building, boat racks, dry stack and parking for 228 cars (see Figure 6). All boatyard construction will be on grade except for lamp standards, some piles and service trenches. While piles will be driven into the northern edge of the island, it is clear from the comparison of 1938, 1949 and 1952 air photographs that when the island was capped it was extended north to encompass a narrow sand bar. Thus it is unlikely the four piles which will be placed into this area will impact any archaeological deposits. Service trenches will be brought into the property from Milton Street via Bentley Street and along the west side of the causeway to Richmond Island (see Figure 6). The marina wet berths area will be located in the silted-up former river channel now refered to as Richmond Slough with the berths supported on piles. Although the causeway fill is not as thick as that on the Richmond Island, service trenches, + 1.00-1.60 m will not reach any original land surfaces

5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Capped by an estimated 4.5-5.0 m of dredged Fraser River sand, the original 1859 surface will not be reached by any excavation during the proposed development. Outer edges of the island are banked by rip rap. The original 1859 surface has been assigned a low archaeological site potential; however no impacts are anticipated from the present development as proposed.

No additional archaeological investigations are warranted or recommended for this project. In the unlikely event archaeological remains are encountered, the proponent will cease excavations immediately and contact the Archaeology Branch and a professional archaeologist.

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6.0 References cited

Bagshaw, Roberta. (1996). No Better Land. The 1860 Diaries of the Anglican Colonial Bishop George Hills. Sono Nis Press.

Barnett, H.G. (1975). The Coast Salish of British Columbia (1955). Greenwood Press, Westport.

Barnston, G. (1827). “Journal Kept by George Barnston, 1827-28.” In, The Fort Langley Journals, 1827-30, edited by Morag MacLachlan. UBC Press (1998). pp. 20-51.

Beak. (1981). Environmental Impact Statement of Proposed Improvements to the Fraser River Shipping Channel. Report prepared for Public Works Canada. Beak Consultants Ltd., Richmond.

Boas, F. (1890). Second General Report on the Indians of British Columbia. Sixth Report on the North-Western Tribes of Canada. British Association for the Advancement of Science, Leeds Meeting, 1890.

(1894). The Indian Tribes of the Lower Fraser River. Report of the 64th Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, pp.454-463. Oxford.

Clemens, W.A., and G.V. Wilby. (1961). Fisheries of the Pacific Coast of Canada. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Bulletin 68. Ottawa

Cope, L. (1940). “Colonel Moody and the Royal Engineers in British Columbia”. Unpublished M.A. thesis, Dept. of History, University of British Columbia.

Duff, W. (1952). The Upper Stalo Indians of the Fraser River. Anthropology in British Columbia Memoir No. 1. British Columbia Provincial Museum, Victoria.

Espinosa y Telli, José. (1802). Account of the Voyage Made by the Schooners Sutil and Mexicana in the Year 1792 to Survey the Strait of Fuca. By Order of the King, Madrid, Royal Printing Office. (Translated by G.F. Berwick, 1911. Vancouver Public Library typescript).

Green, F.W. (1869). Journal Novr 1869. Journal Survey of Timber Claims for the BC & VI Spar Lumber Saw Mill Burrard Inlet, BC. On file Surveyor General’s Land Vault, “Misc. Notebooks. Surveyor General Branch, Victoria.

Forbes, R.D. (1972). A Floral Description of the Fraser River Estuary and Boundary and Mud Bays, B.C. Report prepared for the Fish and Wildlife Branch, Dept. of Recreation and Conservation, Victoria.

G.S.C. (1921). North Arm Fraser River, British Columbia (1919). Fraser River Investigation Sheet No.11, Geological Survey, Department of Mines, Ottawa.

Howell, Corp. Robert. (1862). Rough Sketch of a line from sawmill along North Shore to point opposite Sea Island. Royal Engineers, Sapperton. BCARS 8500 A37 CM\A702.

Jemmett, W.S. (1876) Book 1, Survey of North Arm Fraser River, New Westminster District. P.H. No, 2 15/76. Maps and Plans Vault, Surveyor General Branch, Victoria.

Jenness, D. (1955). The Faith of a Coast Salish Indian. Anthropology in British Columbia, Memoir No. 3. British Columbia Provincial Museum, Victoria.

(n.d.). The Saanich Indians of Vancouver Island (1934-36). Uncompleted ms #1103.6, Canadian Ethnology Service Archives, Canadian Museum of Civilization, Hull.

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Kew, J.E.M. (1970a). Coast Salish Ceremonial Life; Status and Identity in a Modern Village. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle.

Kew, J.E.M. (1970b). “Musqueam Place Names. Unpublished Map & Indian Names of Places and Their Meanings”. Notes including and supplementing those recorded in Field Note Book April 24, 1968 from James Point. On file Musqueam First Nation Archives, Vancouver.

Lamb, W.K. (1960). The Letters and Journals of Simon Fraser 1806-1808. MacMillan Company of Canada Ltd., Toronto.

Laing, F.W. (1939). Colonial Farm Settlements on the Mainland of British Columbia 1858 - 1871. Vancouver City Archives, Vancouver. (photocopied carbon).

Lands & Works. (1862). With Hugh McRoberts, "Agreement for Twelve miles of road from the termination of the present road past the Saw Mill below New Westminster, westwards, towards the mouth of the North Arm, Fraser River, September 3, 1862. BCARS GR 1372, file 959, Item 4.

Lyons, Cicely. (1969). Salmon: Our Heritage British Columbia Packers Limited. J.S. Marshall & Co. Limited (Vancouver). Mitchell Press Limited, Vancouver.

Mohun, C.E. (1870). Survey of the Musqueam Reserve (Semilano, Chief) at the mouth of the Fraser Rivers North Arm, 14 July 1870. Surveys on Harrison and Lower Fraser 18970, Field Book R.E., 10, Vol. I. On file Surveyor General Branch, Victoria.

Musqueam Indian Band (1976). "Musqueam Declaration", January 19, 1976. On file Musqueam Archives, Musqueam First Nation, Vancouver.

North, M.E.A., M.W. Dunn, and J.M. Teversham (1979). Vegetation of the Southwestern Fraser Lowland, 1858- 1880. Lands Directorate, Environment Canada, Vancouver.

North, M.E.A., and J.M. Teversham (1984). The vegetation of the floodplains of the Lower Fraser, Serpentine and Nicomekl Rivers, 1859 to 1890. Syesis 17:47-66.

Northcote, T.G. (1974). Biology of the Lower Fraser River; A Review. Westwater Research Centre, Technical Report No. 3, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.

Ormsby, M.A. (1971). British Columbia: A History. MacMillan Company of Canada, Toronto.

Palau, Mercedes. (1986). The Spanish Presence on the Northwest Coast: Sea-going Expeditions (1774-1793). In, To the Totem Shore. The Spanish Presence on the Northwest Coast. World Exposition, Vancouver 1986, Pavilion of Spain. Ministerio De Transportes, Turismo y Comunicaciones. pp.38-89.

Rathbun, R. (1900). A Review of the Fisheries in the Contiguous Waters of the State of Washington and British Columbia. In, Report of the Commissioner for the year ending June 30, 1899. U.S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries. Washington, D.C. pp. 253-350.

Reid, David J. (1973). The Development of the Fraser River Salmon Canning Industry, 1885-1913. Prepared for the Economics and Sociology Unit, Fisheries & Marine Service, Department of the Environment. Ottawa. (NOB/ECON 4-73).

Ross, Leslie J. (1979). Richmond, Child of the Fraser. Richmond ’79 Centennial Society. Hemlock Printers Ltd.

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Scott, W.B., and E.J. Crossman. (1973). Freshwater Fishes of Canada. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Bulletin No. 184. Ottawa.

Suttles, W.P. (1955). Katzie Ethnographic Notes. Anthropology in British Columbia Memoir No. 2. British Columbia Provincial Museum, Victoria.

(1974). The Economic Life of the Coast Salish of Haro and Rosario Straits (1951). The Garland American Indian Ethnohistory Series, Coast Salish and Western Washington Indians I. Garland Publishing Inc., New York.

(1990). Central Coast Salish. In Northwest Coast, edited by Wayne Suttles. Handbook of North American Indians. Volume 7. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

(1998). “The Ethnographic Significance of the Fort Langley Journals”. In, The Fort Langley Journals 1827-30, edited by Morag Maclachlan. UBC Press. pp. 163-210.

Transportation and Highways. (1983). Fisheries, Habitat and Hydrological Study Annieville Channel Bridge Pier Protection Works. Interim Report. Design and Surveys Branch, Parliament Buildings, Victoria.

Trutch, J.W. (1859). Fieldbook 7/59, P.H. 1, Group 2, N.W.D. (Field notes of Exterior Lines, Subdivisions & Meanders of fractional Block No. 5 North of Ranges Nos, 4, 5, 6 & 7 West of the Coast Meridian). On file, Surveyor General’s Vault, Victoria.

Turner, N.J. (1975). Food Plants of British Columbia Indians. Part I - Coastal Peoples. British Columbia Provincial Museum Handbook No. 34. Victoria.

(1979). Plants in British Columbia Indian Technology. British Columbia Provincial Museum Handbook No. 38. Victoria.

Van-Burn. (1998). Test Pit and Bore Hole Logs For Richmond Island. Conducted by Van-Burn Construction Ltd. for Canadian Forest Products Ltd., January 19-21, 1998.

Vancouver, George. (1801). A Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific Ocean and Round the World. Printed for John Stockdale, Piccadilly, London.

Wagner, H.R. (1933). Spanish Explorations in the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Santa Ana, California.

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LULU ISLAND 92G/3 Geological Survey Canada 1978

FIGURE 1 Location Richmond Island

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(Trutch 1859)

FIGURE 2 Dewdney’s Subdivision Survey of Study Area.

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Canada National Archives NMC 80522 Sheet 2 1898

FIGURE 3 1898 North Arm Chart

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G.S.C. 1919

FIGURE 4 G.S.C. Fraser River Investigation Sheet No. 11

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Sand capping on Richmond Island

FIGURE 5 Richmond Island Portion NAPL 1938

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Attached; R.J. Feldstein Architect, West Vancouver. “ Richmond Island, Vancouver B.C., Development Proposal”

FIGURE 6 Proposed Development Richmond Island

parking requirements m il t o n s t r e e t occupancy area/no. ratio no./cars wet berths 174 1:2 87 dry berths 242 1:2 121 marine office 50.17 sq.m. 1:57.5 sq.m. 0.87 café 123.56 sq.m. 1:50 sq.m. + 1:10>100 4.36 c.r.u.'s 248.05 sq.m. 1:57.5 sq.m. 4.32 design office 123.56 sq.m. 1:57.5 sq.m. 2.15 residence 154.87 sq.m. 2:1 2 trades area 303.79 sq.m. 1:57.5 sq.m. 5.28 storage 38.46 sq.m. 1:57.5 sq.m. 0.69

total no. parking spaces required 227.68 cars bentley street total no. parking spaces provided 228 cars

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12 12 12 12 12 see: traffic study D R E S E R V E g a n g w a y EC TE OT PR

gate boardwalk 63 LAGOON

5.485m 30 boat racks marine 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 light standards 30 30 30 30 30 30 trades marina 7.315m 10.058m R centre 104 5.485m concrete 6 dry stack operation

67.5' concrete signage

10 gateway

work 5.485m

apron

gate asphalt

30 7.315m 30

30 parking for 228 cars

30 30 30 30 30

30 30 30 30 30 45

boat racks 5.485m 6'perimeter drainageswale to filtered catch basins

card access @ security gate firetruck turn around staff card access @ security gate typical parking spot: 8'-6"' x 18'-0" constricted entry - large dump trucks stack waiting for ramped dock access

E R F R A S E R I V 0 100 metres R MILLTOWNMARINA 0 100 200 300 feet

R.J. Feldstein Architect , Vancouver B.C. N 6520 Wellington Place, West Vancouver B.C. V7W 2J1 Tel: (604) 724-3273 Fax (604) 921-9240 Richmond Island BASTION OWNERSHIP OF DOCUMENTS: ALL DRAWINGS, SPECIFICATIONS AND DOCUMENTS PREPARED BY THE ARCHITECT ARE AN INSTRUMENT OF SERVICE FOR THE EXECUTION OF THE 1:750 DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION WORK AND ARE THE PROPERTY OF THE ARCHITECT WHETHER THE WORK BE EXECUTED OR NOT AND HE RESERVES THE COPYRIGHT THEREIN AND IN THE WORK EXECUTED THEREFROM AND THEY ARE NOT TO BE USED ON ANY OTHER WORK WITHOUT THE ARCHITECT'S PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION. Date January 2011 Development Proposal