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THE QUARTERLY J.0 U RNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. ]~DITED BY THE ASSISTAINT-SECRETA_RY OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Quod si cui mortalium cordi et curve sit non tantum inventis hmrere, atque iis uti, sed ad ulteriora penetrate ; atque non disputando adversarium, sed opere naturam vineere ; denique non belle et probabiliter oplnari, sed eerto et ostensive scire; tales, tanqaam veri scientiarum filii, nobis (~i videbitur) se adjungant. ~Novura Organum, Prn~fa~io. VOLUME THE THIRTY-THIRD. 1877. LONDON : LONGMANS~ GREEN, READER, AND DYER. PARIS: FRIED. KLINCKSIECK, 11 RUE DE LILLE; F. SAVY, 24 RUE HAUTEFEUILLEo LEIPZIG : T. O. WEIGEL. SOLD ALSO AT THE APARTMENTS OF THE SOCIETY, MDCGCLXXVII, ILf~t O1+ T~rl~ OFFICERS oP THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Elected February 16, 1877. ~Drr~t~tnt. Prof. P. Martin Duncan, M.B., F.R.S. ~ice~rr~t~rnta. Sir P. de M. Grey-Egerton,Bt., M.P., F.R.S. ] John Evans, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S. Robert Etheridge, Esq., F.R.S. I Prof. J. Prestwieh, M.A., F.R.S. ~crrtari~. J. W. Hulke, Esq., F.R.S. ] Rev. T. Wiltshire, M.A. :[Por~gn Dtcrtta~. Warington W. Smyth, Esq., M.A., F.ILS. ~reagurer. J. Gwyn Jeffreys, Esq., LL.D., F.R.S. H. Bauerman, Esq. J. W. tlulke, Esq., F.R"S. Rev. T. G. Bonney, M.A. J. Gwvn Jeffreys, Esq., LL.D., F.R.$. W. Carruthers, Esq., F.R.S. Prof. J. W. Judd, F.R.S. Prof. W. Boyd Dawkins, M.A., F.R.S. Prof. J. Morris. Prof. P. Martin Duncan, M.B., F.R.S. Prof. J. Prestwich, M.A., F.R.S. Sir P. de M. Grey-Egerton, Bart., M.P., R. It. Scott, Esq., M.A., F.R.S. F.R.S. Earl of Selkirk, F.R.S. Robert Etheridge, Esq., F.R.S. Samuel Sharp, Esq., F.S.A. John Evans, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S., F.S.A. Warington W. Smyth, Esq., M.A., F.R.S. Henry Hicks, Esq. Admiral T. A. B. Spratt, C.B., F.R.S. W. H'. Hudleston, Esq., M.A. Rev. T. Wiltshire, M.A., F.L.S. Prof. T. McKenny Hughes, M.A. Henry Woodward, Esq., F.R.S. ~l~i~tant~ccrtta~, ~s an~ curator. W. S. Dallas, Esq., F.L.S. ~I~rk. ] ~ibrar12 ~i~tant. Mr. W. W. Leighton. l Mr. W. Rupert Jones. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page ADAMS, Prof. A. L~ITm On Gigantic Land-Tortoises and a small Freshwater Species from the Ossiferous Caverns of Malta, to- gether with a List of their Fossil Fauna ; and a Note on Che- lonian Remains from the Rock-cavities of Gibraltar. (Plates V. & VI.) ................................................ 177 Observations on Remains of the Mammoth and other Mammals from Northern Spain ............................ 537 A.LLPORT,S., Esq. Oil certain Ancient Devitrified Pitchstones and Perlites from the Lower Silurian District of Shropshire. (Plate xx.) .................................................. 449 BELT, T.~ Esq. The Steppes of Southern Russia ................ 843 BLA~, Rev. ft. F., and W. H. ~[UDLESTON,Esq. On the Corallian Rocks of England. With a Description of a new Species of Araucarites from the Coralline Oolite of Malton~ by W. Car- rnthers, Esq. (Plates-XII.XVII.) ........................ 260 Bo~c~nu Rev. T.G. On,the Serpentine and associated Rocks of the Lizard District. With Notes on the Chemical Composition of some of the Rocks of the Lizard District, by W. H. Hudleston~ Escl. , M.A., F.R.S ....................................... 884 --, and Rev. E. ttrLL. The Precarboniferous Rocks of Charn- wood Forest.--Part I ..................................... 754 BUCK~IAN, J., Esq. The Cephalopoda-beds of Gloucester, Dorset, and Somerset ....... ................................... 1 CALD~I~ON, Sefior S. On the Fossil u hitherto discovered in Spain .............................................. 124 CALLAWAV, C., Esq. On a new Area of Upper Cambrian Rocks in South Shropshire, with a Description of a new Fauna. (Plate XXIV.) ................................................ 652 CArtaVTn~r~S, W., Esq. Description of a new Species of Araucarltes from the Coralline Oolite of Malton. (Plate XVII.) ........ 402 DAVIES, D. C., :Esq. On the Relation of the Upper Carboniferous Straia of Shropshire and Denbighshire to Beds usually described as Permian. (Plate I.) .................................. 10 x2 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page DAWKINS, Prof. W. Bo:~-D. On the Mammal-fauna of the Caves of Creswell Crags ......................... ................. 589 The Exploration of the Ossiferous Deposit at Windy Knoll, Castleton, Derbyshire, by Rooke Pennin~on, Esq., LL.B., and Prof. Boyd Dawkins, M.A., F.R.S ......................... 7"24 DAwson, Principal J. W. Note on a Specimen of lh'ploaylon fxom the Coal-formation of Nova Scotia ........................ 836 D~CAN, Prof. P. M. On the Echinodermata of the Australian Cainozoic (Tertiary) Deposits. (Plates IH. & IV.) .......... 42 DuN.~, E. J., Esq. Further Notes on the Diamond-fiields of South Africa, with Observations on the Gold-fields and Cobalt-mine in the Transvaal .......................................... 879 ETHERIDGE, R., Jun., Esq. On the Remains of a large Crustacean, probably indicative of a new Species of .Eurypterus, or allied Genus (Eurypte~us ? St~evensoni), fl'om the Lower Carboniferous Series (Cementstone Group) of Berwickshire ................ 223 --. Notes on the Fossil Plants from Kosloo .............. 532 On the Occurrence of a Macrurous Decapod (Anthrapalce- mort ? Woodwardi, sp. nov.) in the Red Sandstone, or Lowest Group, of the Carboniferous Formation in the South-east of Scotland. (Plate XXVII.) .............................. ..863 , and R. L. JACK, E~. On the Discovery of Plants in the Lower Old Red Sandstone of the Neighbourhood of Callander.. 213 FLOWE~, Prof. ~r. H. Note on the Occurrence of the Remains of Hycenarctos in the Red Crag of Suiiblk .................... 534 GAR1)~E~, J. S., Esq. On British Cretaceous Patellid~e, and other Families of Patelloid Gastropoda. (Plates VII.-IX.) ........ 192 G~PI~r E., Esq. Notes on some Recent Discoveries of Copper-ore in Nova Scotia .......................................... 749 H~KNESS, Prof. R., and Prof. H. A. NICHO~.SON. On the Strata and their Fossil Contents between the Borrowdale Series of the North of England and the Coniston Flags .................. 461 HAR~IER, F. ~r., Esq. On the Kessingland Cliff-section, and on the Relation of the Forest-bed to the Chillesford Clay, with some Remarks on the so-called Terrestrial Surface at the base of the Norwich Crag .......................................... 134 , and S. V. WooD, Jun.,Esq. On the Later Tertiary Geology of East Anglia. With a Note by S. V. Wood, Esq., on some New Occurrences of Species of Mollusca in the Crag and Beds superior to it .......................................... 74 Hv.I.LA.ND, M. A. On the Ice-Fjords of North Greenland, and on the Formation of Fjords, Lakes, and Cirques in B-orway and Greenland .............................................. 142 ttIc~s,RocksH.,ofES~'t." Da~-id'sOnthe .........................Pre-Cambrian(Plate X.) (or Dimetian and Pebidian) 229 t]ILL, l~ev. ]~., and Rev. T. G. ]~o~'~E~". ~[he Precarboniferous I~ocks of Charnwo~d Forest.--Part I ....................... 754 TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page HOttNE, J.~ Esq, and R. L. JAcK~ Esq. Glacial D~4ft in the North- eastern Carpathians ...................................... 673 ttVDLESTON, W.H. Notes on the Chemical Composition of some of the Rocks of the Lizard District ........................ 924 , and Rev. J. F. BLAKE. On the Corallian Rocks of England. With a Description of a new Species of Araucarites from the Coralline Oolite of Malton, by W. Carruthers, Esq. (Plates XII.-XVII.) .......................................... 260 HUGHES~ Prof. T. Mq~ENNr. On the Silurian Grits of Corwen~ North Wales .......................................... 207 HULL, Prof. E. On the Upper Limit of the essentially Marine Beds of the Carboniferous G-roup of tbe British Isles-and adjoining Continental Districts; with Suggestions for a fl.esh Classification of the Carboniferous Series .............................. 613 JACK~ R. L.~ Esq., and R. ETiI=UEI~IDGE,Jun., Esq. On the Discovery of Plants in the Lower Old Red Sandstone of the Neighbour- hood of Callander ...................................... P.13 ~ and JOHN HORNE~ Esq. Glacial Drift in the North-eastern Carpathians ............................................ 673 JO~I)AN, H. K, Esq. On Coal-pebbles and their Derivation ...... 932 JVKES-BRO~VN,. A. J., Esq. Supplementary.~.Notes on the Fauna of the Cambridge Greensand. (Plate XXL) .................. 485 KINAHAN, G. H.~ Esq. On the Chesil Besmh, Dorsetshire~ and Cahore Shingle Beach, Co. Wexford. (Plate II.) ............ 29 LEBOUR, G. A., Esq., and ~V. TOPLEY, Esq. On the Intrusive Character of the Whin Sill of Northumberland. (Plate XVIII.) 406 MACKINTOSE~ D., Esq. On a number of new Sections around the Estuary of the Dee which exhibit Phenomena having an im- portant bearing on the Origin of Boulder-clay and the sequence of Glacial Events. ~ 780 MALLET, R, Esq. On an hitherto tmnoticed Circumstance affecting the Piling-up of Volcanic Cones .......................... 740 MELLO, Rev. J. MAGENS. The Bone-eaves of Creswell Crags.- Third Paper ............................................ 579 M~, Prof. J. On the Action of Coast-ice on an Oscillating Area 929 NEWTON, E. T.~ Esq. On the Remains of Itypsodon, Portheus, and Ichthyodectes from British Cretaceous Strata, with Descriptions of new Species. (Plate XXII.) .......................... 505 NICHOLSON, Prof. H. A., and Prof. R. IIAnKNESS. On the Strata and their Fossil Contents between the Borrowdale Series of the North of England and the Coniston Flags ......... ........ 461 OWEN, Prof. On the Ran]~ and Affinities in the Reptilian Class of the Mosasauridm, Gervais ................................ 682 PHILLIPS, J. A., Esq. On the Chemical and Mineralogical Changes which have taken place in certain Eruptive Rocks of North Wales. (Plate XIX.) .................................. 423 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page PRICE, F. G. H., Esq. 0n the Beds between the Gault and Upper Chalk near Folkestone .................................. 431 SEELEY, Prof. H.G. On Mauisaurus Gar&~eri (Seeley), an Elas- mosaurian from the Base of the Gault at Folkestone. (Plate XXlH.) .............................................. 541 . On the Vertebral Coltmln and Pelvic Bones of Pliosaurus Ecansi (Seelev), fi'om the Oxford Clay of St.
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    Associations between three irregular urchins and cone-and-funnel topography in a tropical soft-bottom community by Daniel Ray Norris A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF GUAM 5 APRIL 1994 AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS by Daniel Ray Norris for the Master of Science degree in Biology presented 5 April 1994. Title: Associations between three irregular urchins and cone-and-funnel topography in a tropical soft-bottom community Approved: Charles Birkeland, Chair, Thesis Committee Habitat characteristics and densities of three species of irregular urchins were measured in Apra Harbor, Guam. The densities of Maretia planulata, Metalia dicrana and Fibularia ovulum in the microhabitat defined as cone-and-funnel topography were analyzed at 10, 20 and 30 m in depth. Urchins were sampled to measure densities for each depth with respect to characteristics of the cone-and-funnel topography including: depth of anoxic layer, sediment granulometry, sediment organics and mean dis­ tance between sediment cones. Secondarily, growth rates for Maretia planulata were measured along a sediment gradient. Sediment organic content was also analyzed. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that growth rates for Maretia planulata were not significantly different at 10, 20 and 30 m depths, but densities for each species, organic content and cone densities were significantly different across the depth gradient. Densities of Maretia planulata and Metalia dicrana densities were more similar across depth gradients and not between microhabitats. Fibularia ovulum densities were generally grouped with respect to either the cone microhabi­ tat or the funnel microhabitat. Physical differences (organic content, an­ oxia, and sediment granulometry) and other niche partitioning may regulate densities of these macroinvertebrates along the depth gradient.
  • FOR the COASTAL PLAIN of NORTH CAROLINA ~--E Roy"- Tj Y"",Cf'

    FOR the COASTAL PLAIN of NORTH CAROLINA ~--E Roy"- Tj Y"",Cf'

    STRUCTURAL AND STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK FOR THE COASTAL PLAIN OF NORTH CAROLINA ~--e roY"- tJ y"",cf' Edited By Gerald R. Baum T:~-- w. Burleigh Harris ) And !~- Victor A. Zullo ;' -j Carolina Geological Society Field Trip Guidebook And October 19-21, 1979 Atlantic Coastal Plain Geological Association Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina Cover illustration: Major structural features of the North Carolina Coastal Plain. (Figure 1 from Harris, Zullo and Baum) Layout by Anne Virant-Lazar and Ben McKenzie Copies of this guidebook can be purchased fram: Geological Survey Section Department of Natural Resources and Community Development P. O. Box 27687 Raleigh, NC 27611 Ii CAROLI NA GEOLOGI CAL SOC IETY AND ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN GEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION October 19-21, 1979 STRUCTURAL AND STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK FOR THE COASTAL PLAIN OF NORTH CAROLINA Edited by Gerald R. Baum Department of Geology College of Charleston Charleston, South Carolina 29401 W. Burleigh Harris and Victor A. Zullo Department of Earth Sciences University of North Carolina, Wilmington Wilmington, North Carolina 28403 Carolina Geological Society 1979 Officers President: Arthur W. Snoke Department of Geology University of South Carolina Columbia, South Carolina Vice-President: Robert E. Lemmon Department of Geography and Earth Sciences University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte, North Carolina Secretary-Treasurer: S. Duncan Heron, Jr. Department of Geology Duke University Durham, North Carolina Membership Chairman: Paul Nystrom South Carolina Geological Survey Columbia, South Carolina Atlantic Coastal Plain Geological Association 1979 Officers Secretary-Treasurer: Tom Pickett Delaware Geological Survey University of Delaware Newark, Delaware Field Trip Leaders: Gerald R. Baum Department of Geology College of Charleston Charleston, South Carolina W.