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2,400 Years of Malacology

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2,400 Years of Malacology Version 1.0 – June 16, 2004 2,400 Years of Malacology Eugene V. Coan1 Alan R. Kabat2 Richard E. Petit3 ABSTRACT This paper provides a comprehensive catalog of biographical and bibliographical publications for over 5,000 malacologists, conchologists, paleontologists, and others with an interest in mollusks, from Aristotle to the present. For each person, the birth/death years and nationality are given (when known), followed by bibliographic citations to the literature about that person and his/her collections and publications. Appendices provide citations to (1) publications on oceanographic expeditions that resulted in the collection and description of mollusks; (2) histories of malacological institutions and organizations; and (3) histories and dates of publication of malacological journals and journals that are frequently cited in malacological publications, such as those of the Zoological Society of London. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2 Narrative Guide to the Literature 4 General Publications 5 Geographical / Country Publications 7 Taxonomically Oriented Publications 12 Concluding Remarks 12 Future Plans 14 Acknowledgments 14 General References 15 Serials Indexed 22 General Bibliography 24 Appendix A: Publications on Expeditions 586 Appendix B: General Histories of Malacological Institutions and Societies 602 Appendix C: Information about Malacological Serials 610 1. [email protected] 2. [email protected] 3. [email protected] 1 INTRODUCTION Who was X? How can I find out more about X’s life, interests in mollusks, collections, and publications? Every generation of malacologists has been faced with this perennial problem, whether out of curiosity, or driven by a need to solve a problem relating to some aspect of molluscan taxonomy, systematics, or a wide range of other research and collection management issues. Malacology has an abundant historical literature. Yet, this literature exceeds the ability of any one person to remember or even be aware of the entire universe of relevant publications. We have prepared this catalogue in order to bring some order to this literature, and to simplify the task of future generations. Indeed, each of us has been asked, on more occasions than we can remember, for this kind of information about various individuals or publications. We trust that our efforts in preparing this catalog will save others much time and effort in researching issues related to the history of malacology and conchology. Indeed, some four decades ago, Berry (1965), in a paper aptly titled “Good molluscan bibliographies – few and far between,” called upon malacologists to prepare various subject-matter bibliographies, including one that would compile various bibliographic publications, thus anticipating this paper. MATERIALS AND METHODS In preparing this catalog, we have drawn upon our own research files, as well as the reprint, serial, and monograph collections of several libraries. Many of these publications were unearthed through the methodical review of the contents of each volume of a large number of malacological serials, which are enumerated at the end of this Introduction. We have also reviewed the abstracts and proceedings volumes of the meetings of the American Malacological Society (formerly the American Malacological Union), Unitas Malacologica, and the Western Society of Malacologists. More information about these meetings and their publications is provided by Coan & Kabat (1996; periodically updated at: http://erato.acnatsci.org/ams/pdfs/symposia.pdf). One of us (AK) worked through the volumes of the Zoological Record from 1901 (when that publication first started separately indexing biographical publications in its subject- matter index) through 125 (1989) and 134 (1998) to 138 (2002). The Zoological Record proved useful in identifying publications from non-malacological serials, notwithstanding the erratic nature of its coverage. Inevitably, this catalog emphasizes publications in malacological journals and newsletters, and books primarily or exclusively about mollusks. We have attempted, when available to us, to cite publications in the non-malacological literature, although we have made no attempt to cite every publication written about those with extensive interests outside the field of malacology, such as Cuvier, Lamarck, and Rafinesque, and particularly those who are the subject of innumerable publications that would be futile for us to attempt to catalog, such as Agassiz, Darwin, and Linnaeus. We have made occasional reference to newspaper obituaries, chiefly for those published in the Boston Globe, Los Angeles Times, 2 New York Times, and Washington Post, as well as articles from the newspapers and alumni magazines of several universities. However, identifying and obtaining the non-malacological literature is very time-consuming, thereby proving the old adage that for any major project, “five percent of the entries will require fifty percent of one’s time.” We have followed the Council of Biology Editors (CBE) Scientific Style and Format (6th ed., 1994: 136-137), with respect to the citation and alphabetization of author’s names, now the standard for scientific publications. This has resulted in some usages that may be different from what some readers are used to. French names beginning with d’ or de are indexed under the first capital letter. Thus, Orbigny is under “O” and not under “d.” German and Dutch/Flemish names beginning with von and van, respectively, are similarly indexed under the capitalized name, which is usually that used by the individual himself. Thus, von Martens is under “M” and van Bruggen under “B.” For convenience, we have included cross-references where appropriate. On the other hand, when a person of European descent moves to, or lives in, the United States, such names are treated differently, e.g., van der Schalie is listed under “v.”. Finally, Italian names that begin with de, della, or di are generally listed under those prefixes; thus, it is de Gregorio. (An exception is Monterosato, who had a nobiliary title, and is listed under M.) When an author had a nobiliary title as part of his name, such as Baron or Count (or their French, German and Italian equivalents), we have generally indicated that title in brackets following the name. Hungarian and Chinese names are often given in the original language with the last (family) name first; we have transposed the names in the individual entries in this catalog. Alphabetization, following Scientific Style and Format (6th ed., 1994: 630-631) and most library catalogues, ignores accents and diacritical marks. When known to us, we have indicated genealogical relationships among individuals who were related by family or by marriage. Well-known examples include the Sowerby family of the United Kingdom, and the Fischer and Piette families of France. We have not attempted to duplicate two prior publications that covered several related aspects of the history of this field. (1) Kabat & Boss (1992, 1997) provided a comprehensive compilation of publications on molluscan type catalogs, which indexed these type catalogs by author, museum, and taxon. In the present catalog, we have generally included the type catalogs that involved one or several authors (and typically included some biographical information about those authors), but we have not included the type catalogs that lacked biographical data, or that were general catalogs of the type collection of a given museum. (2) Bieler & Kabat (1991; periodically updated at: http://fm1.fieldmuseum.org/collections/search.cgi?dest=mjl) provided a comprehensive compilation of molluscan journals and newsletters, including their numerous supplements along with secondary literature on these serials – such as articles about the history of a journal, or articles that established the publication dates of a journal. In this catalog, we have included the literature on the histories and publication dates, set forth in Appendix C. We have included, where known to us, Internet publications and websites devoted to the biography or publications of now-deceased persons. In addition to works on specific persons or publications, we want to bring the reader’s attention to several general websites that have 3 scanned versions of a number of natural history publications, including those on mollusks. The general websites that we have identified include: (1) http://gallica.bnf.fr (Bibliotheque National de France), by far the most important, with reproduced copies of many important early malacological and natural history publications; (2) http://eee.uci.edu/~papyri/bibliography/b.html (University of California, Irvine), an index to on-line versions of works published in Latin, including those in gallica.bnf.fr, above; (3) http://members.xoom.virgilio.it/biosophia/docs/index.htm (hosted by Biosophia, an Italian non-profit entity), which has online versions of malacological articles, primarily of 19th century papers on marine mollusks. However, we have not indexed the home pages of living persons, as those Internet addresses (URL’s) tend to change unpredictably, and it would be time-consuming for us to verify all such Internet addresses each time this paper is updated. Thus, we recommend that malacological societies include this information in their membership directories, where it can be more readily updated with annual renewals. There are several limitations to the data. First, many obituaries and other biographical publications do not provide any information on the
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