THE QUARTERLY J.0 U RNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. ]~DITED BY THE ASSISTAINT-SECRETA_RY OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Quod si cui mortalium cordi et curve sit non tantum inventis hmrere, atque iis uti, sed ad ulteriora penetrate ; atque non disputando adversarium, sed opere naturam vineere ; denique non belle et probabiliter oplnari, sed eerto et ostensive scire; tales, tanqaam veri scientiarum filii, nobis (~i videbitur) se adjungant. ~Novura Organum, Prn~fa~io. VOLUME THE THIRTY-THIRD. 1877. LONDON : LONGMANS~ GREEN, READER, AND DYER. PARIS: FRIED. KLINCKSIECK, 11 RUE DE LILLE; F. SAVY, 24 RUE HAUTEFEUILLEo LEIPZIG : T. O. WEIGEL. SOLD ALSO AT THE APARTMENTS OF THE SOCIETY, MDCGCLXXVII, ILf~t O1+ T~rl~ OFFICERS oP THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Elected February 16, 1877. ~Drr~t~tnt. Prof. P. Martin Duncan, M.B., F.R.S. ~ice~rr~t~rnta. Sir P. de M. Grey-Egerton,Bt., M.P., F.R.S. ] John Evans, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S. Robert Etheridge, Esq., F.R.S. I Prof. J. Prestwieh, M.A., F.R.S. ~crrtari~. J. W. Hulke, Esq., F.R.S. ] Rev. T. Wiltshire, M.A. :[Por~gn Dtcrtta~. Warington W. Smyth, Esq., M.A., F.ILS. ~reagurer. J. Gwyn Jeffreys, Esq., LL.D., F.R.S. H. Bauerman, Esq. J. W. tlulke, Esq., F.R"S. Rev. T. G. Bonney, M.A. J. Gwvn Jeffreys, Esq., LL.D., F.R.$. W. Carruthers, Esq., F.R.S. Prof. J. W. Judd, F.R.S. Prof. W. Boyd Dawkins, M.A., F.R.S. Prof. J. Morris. Prof. P. Martin Duncan, M.B., F.R.S. Prof. J. Prestwich, M.A., F.R.S. Sir P. de M. Grey-Egerton, Bart., M.P., R. It. Scott, Esq., M.A., F.R.S. F.R.S. Earl of Selkirk, F.R.S. Robert Etheridge, Esq., F.R.S. Samuel Sharp, Esq., F.S.A. John Evans, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S., F.S.A. Warington W. Smyth, Esq., M.A., F.R.S. Henry Hicks, Esq. Admiral T. A. B. Spratt, C.B., F.R.S. W. H'. Hudleston, Esq., M.A. Rev. T. Wiltshire, M.A., F.L.S. Prof. T. McKenny Hughes, M.A. Henry Woodward, Esq., F.R.S. ~l~i~tant~ccrtta~, ~s an~ curator. W. S. Dallas, Esq., F.L.S. ~I~rk. ] ~ibrar12 ~i~tant. Mr. W. W. Leighton. l Mr. W. Rupert Jones. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page ADAMS, Prof. A. L~ITm On Gigantic Land-Tortoises and a small Freshwater Species from the Ossiferous Caverns of Malta, to- gether with a List of their Fossil Fauna ; and a Note on Che- lonian Remains from the Rock-cavities of Gibraltar. (Plates V. & VI.) ................................................ 177 Observations on Remains of the Mammoth and other Mammals from Northern Spain ............................ 537 A.LLPORT,S., Esq. Oil certain Ancient Devitrified Pitchstones and Perlites from the Lower Silurian District of Shropshire. (Plate xx.) .................................................. 449 BELT, T.~ Esq. The Steppes of Southern Russia ................ 843 BLA~, Rev. ft. F., and W. H. ~[UDLESTON,Esq. On the Corallian Rocks of England. With a Description of a new Species of Araucarites from the Coralline Oolite of Malton~ by W. Car- rnthers, Esq. (Plates-XII.XVII.) ........................ 260 Bo~c~nu Rev. T.G. On,the Serpentine and associated Rocks of the Lizard District. With Notes on the Chemical Composition of some of the Rocks of the Lizard District, by W. H. Hudleston~ Escl. , M.A., F.R.S ....................................... 884 --, and Rev. E. ttrLL. The Precarboniferous Rocks of Charn- wood Forest.--Part I ..................................... 754 BUCK~IAN, J., Esq. The Cephalopoda-beds of Gloucester, Dorset, and Somerset ....... ................................... 1 CALD~I~ON, Sefior S. On the Fossil u hitherto discovered in Spain .............................................. 124 CALLAWAV, C., Esq. On a new Area of Upper Cambrian Rocks in South Shropshire, with a Description of a new Fauna. (Plate XXIV.) ................................................ 652 CArtaVTn~r~S, W., Esq. Description of a new Species of Araucarltes from the Coralline Oolite of Malton. (Plate XVII.) ........ 402 DAVIES, D. C., :Esq. On the Relation of the Upper Carboniferous Straia of Shropshire and Denbighshire to Beds usually described as Permian. (Plate I.) .................................. 10 x2 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page DAWKINS, Prof. W. Bo:~-D. On the Mammal-fauna of the Caves of Creswell Crags ......................... ................. 589 The Exploration of the Ossiferous Deposit at Windy Knoll, Castleton, Derbyshire, by Rooke Pennin~on, Esq., LL.B., and Prof. Boyd Dawkins, M.A., F.R.S ......................... 7"24 DAwson, Principal J. W. Note on a Specimen of lh'ploaylon fxom the Coal-formation of Nova Scotia ........................ 836 D~CAN, Prof. P. M. On the Echinodermata of the Australian Cainozoic (Tertiary) Deposits. (Plates IH. & IV.) .......... 42 DuN.~, E. J., Esq. Further Notes on the Diamond-fiields of South Africa, with Observations on the Gold-fields and Cobalt-mine in the Transvaal .......................................... 879 ETHERIDGE, R., Jun., Esq. On the Remains of a large Crustacean, probably indicative of a new Species of .Eurypterus, or allied Genus (Eurypte~us ? St~evensoni), fl'om the Lower Carboniferous Series (Cementstone Group) of Berwickshire ................ 223 --. Notes on the Fossil Plants from Kosloo .............. 532 On the Occurrence of a Macrurous Decapod (Anthrapalce- mort ? Woodwardi, sp. nov.) in the Red Sandstone, or Lowest Group, of the Carboniferous Formation in the South-east of Scotland. (Plate XXVII.) .............................. ..863 , and R. L. JACK, E~. On the Discovery of Plants in the Lower Old Red Sandstone of the Neighbourhood of Callander.. 213 FLOWE~, Prof. ~r. H. Note on the Occurrence of the Remains of Hycenarctos in the Red Crag of Suiiblk .................... 534 GAR1)~E~, J. S., Esq. On British Cretaceous Patellid~e, and other Families of Patelloid Gastropoda. (Plates VII.-IX.) ........ 192 G~PI~r E., Esq. Notes on some Recent Discoveries of Copper-ore in Nova Scotia .......................................... 749 H~KNESS, Prof. R., and Prof. H. A. NICHO~.SON. On the Strata and their Fossil Contents between the Borrowdale Series of the North of England and the Coniston Flags .................. 461 HAR~IER, F. ~r., Esq. On the Kessingland Cliff-section, and on the Relation of the Forest-bed to the Chillesford Clay, with some Remarks on the so-called Terrestrial Surface at the base of the Norwich Crag .......................................... 134 , and S. V. WooD, Jun.,Esq. On the Later Tertiary Geology of East Anglia. With a Note by S. V. Wood, Esq., on some New Occurrences of Species of Mollusca in the Crag and Beds superior to it .......................................... 74 Hv.I.LA.ND, M. A. On the Ice-Fjords of North Greenland, and on the Formation of Fjords, Lakes, and Cirques in B-orway and Greenland .............................................. 142 ttIc~s,RocksH.,ofES~'t." Da~-id'sOnthe .........................Pre-Cambrian(Plate X.) (or Dimetian and Pebidian) 229 t]ILL, l~ev. ]~., and Rev. T. G. ]~o~'~E~". ~[he Precarboniferous I~ocks of Charnwo~d Forest.--Part I ....................... 754 TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page HOttNE, J.~ Esq, and R. L. JAcK~ Esq. Glacial D~4ft in the North- eastern Carpathians ...................................... 673 ttVDLESTON, W.H. Notes on the Chemical Composition of some of the Rocks of the Lizard District ........................ 924 , and Rev. J. F. BLAKE. On the Corallian Rocks of England. With a Description of a new Species of Araucarites from the Coralline Oolite of Malton, by W. Carruthers, Esq. (Plates XII.-XVII.) .......................................... 260 HUGHES~ Prof. T. Mq~ENNr. On the Silurian Grits of Corwen~ North Wales .......................................... 207 HULL, Prof. E. On the Upper Limit of the essentially Marine Beds of the Carboniferous G-roup of tbe British Isles-and adjoining Continental Districts; with Suggestions for a fl.esh Classification of the Carboniferous Series .............................. 613 JACK~ R. L.~ Esq., and R. ETiI=UEI~IDGE,Jun., Esq. On the Discovery of Plants in the Lower Old Red Sandstone of the Neighbour- hood of Callander ...................................... P.13 ~ and JOHN HORNE~ Esq. Glacial Drift in the North-eastern Carpathians ............................................ 673 JO~I)AN, H. K, Esq. On Coal-pebbles and their Derivation ...... 932 JVKES-BRO~VN,. A. J., Esq. Supplementary.~.Notes on the Fauna of the Cambridge Greensand. (Plate XXL) .................. 485 KINAHAN, G. H.~ Esq. On the Chesil Besmh, Dorsetshire~ and Cahore Shingle Beach, Co. Wexford. (Plate II.) ............ 29 LEBOUR, G. A., Esq., and ~V. TOPLEY, Esq. On the Intrusive Character of the Whin Sill of Northumberland. (Plate XVIII.) 406 MACKINTOSE~ D., Esq. On a number of new Sections around the Estuary of the Dee which exhibit Phenomena having an im- portant bearing on the Origin of Boulder-clay and the sequence of Glacial Events. ~ 780 MALLET, R, Esq. On an hitherto tmnoticed Circumstance affecting the Piling-up of Volcanic Cones .......................... 740 MELLO, Rev. J. MAGENS. The Bone-eaves of Creswell Crags.- Third Paper ............................................ 579 M~, Prof. J. On the Action of Coast-ice on an Oscillating Area 929 NEWTON, E. T.~ Esq. On the Remains of Itypsodon, Portheus, and Ichthyodectes from British Cretaceous Strata, with Descriptions of new Species. (Plate XXII.) .......................... 505 NICHOLSON, Prof. H. A., and Prof. R. IIAnKNESS. On the Strata and their Fossil Contents between the Borrowdale Series of the North of England and the Coniston Flags ......... ........ 461 OWEN, Prof. On the Ran]~ and Affinities in the Reptilian Class of the Mosasauridm, Gervais ................................ 682 PHILLIPS, J. A., Esq. On the Chemical and Mineralogical Changes which have taken place in certain Eruptive Rocks of North Wales. (Plate XIX.) .................................. 423 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page PRICE, F. G. H., Esq. 0n the Beds between the Gault and Upper Chalk near Folkestone .................................. 431 SEELEY, Prof. H.G. On Mauisaurus Gar&~eri (Seeley), an Elas- mosaurian from the Base of the Gault at Folkestone. (Plate XXlH.) .............................................. 541 . On the Vertebral Coltmln and Pelvic Bones of Pliosaurus Ecansi (Seelev), fi'om the Oxford Clay of St.