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INDEX

Page numbers in italics represent illustrations and photos.

Abrikossow, Dimitri, 58, 71 illness of, 325–327 Abyssinian Guards, 126–127, 175 laws enforced by, 76 Adamson, A. I., 400 at Livadia, 325–327, 439, 445, 446 Aft Lobby (Standart), 276 at majority ceremony for Nicholas II, 311 Agate Pavilion (Tsarskoye Selo), 185–186 marriage of, 48 al-Ahad Bakhadur-Khan, Sayed Abd, emir of mourning for, 343–344, 345, 358 Bokhara, 448 Peterhof, 212–213 Albert, King of Belgium, 69 Skernevetski, 288 Albert Edward, Prince of Wales. See Edward statue of, 319–321 VII, King of England (Uncle Bertie) titles conferred by, 79 Alexander Column, 22 Vladimir and, 63, 65, 66 Alexander I, Emperor, 16, 21, 22, 28, 110 wedding gifts to Alexandra from, 260, 261 Alexander Palace, 184, 191 Alexander III Sanatorium, 448–450 Bielovezh, 288 Alexander (infant brother of Nicholas II), 34 Skernevetski, 288 Alexander Lyceum, 28, 310 Tsarskoye Selo, 184 Alexander Mikhailovich, Grand Duke (Sandro), Alexander II, Emperor, 21, 63, 64, 90, 136, 369 33, 53, 53–54, 89, 95, 321 assassination of, 5, 176 Khodynka disaster and, 387 Bielovezh, 288 at wedding of Nicholas II and Alexandra, Imperial Hunt, 287 353 Livadia purchased by, 438 Alexander Nevsky Monastery, 17 majority ceremony COPYRIGHTEDof, 310 AlexanderMATERIAL Palace, 184, 191–192 Winter Palace, 172, 176 entertainment at, 121–129, 406–407 Alexander III, Emperor, xi, 5–6, 33, 34, 35, 42 Fabergé egg of, 264 auruch preservation by, 293 horse stables at, 268 Bielovezh, 288–289 jewels kept at, 262 death of, 37, 50, 327–331 private apartments, 192–202 Franco-Russian alliance, 424 servants of, 113–129 funeral processions for, 329, 331–341, 335 visitors, protocol for, 117–118 funeral service for, 340–342 Alexander Palace Egg of 1908 (Fabergé), 264

539 bindex.qxd 1/16/06 11:42 AM Page 540

540 INDEX

Alexander Park (Tsarskoye Selo), 189–190 Alexandra Petrovna, 90 Alexandra, Empress, xi, 1–2, 53 Alexandria, 468, 471 Anastasia of Montenegro and, 91 Alexandria Park (Peterhof), 210, 211 assassination of, 401 Alexandrinskaya Square, 17 birth of children, 37–41, 217 Alexandrinsky Theater, 17 carriages of, 269 Alexei Alexandrovich, Grand Duke, 64–65, ceremonial duties of, 306–307, 319–321 76–78, 344, 370, 416–417, 417 charities of, 448–450 Alexei Alexeievich, Count Belevskii-Zhukovsky, courtship with Nicholas II, 191–192, 213 77 Dowager Empress and, 50–52, 258–259, 260 Alexeievna, Elizabeth, 93 fashion preferences of, 242–243, 248–252 Alexei Mikhailovich, Tsar, 415 Felix Yusupov and, 317 Alexei Nikolaievich, Tsesarevich, 40–41, 136, French opinion of, 420, 423 217, 283, 310, 472 Grand Duchess Vladimir and, 317 aboard Standart, 276, 280 illness of, 440 assassination of, 401 image/personality of, 250, 307, 411, 413–414, at Centennial of Battle of Borodino, 318 468 christening of, 311–315, 312 Imperial Suite of, 104–108 clothing of, 248–249 jewels of, 254, 258–263, 260, 322, 349 hemophilia suffered by, 41, 156, 296–299, military duties of, 135 393–394 Olga Pistolkors and, 84 at Livadia, 439, 446, 450, 452 Personal Household, 115 photos of, 40, 280, 283, 312, 318, 393 photos of, 40, 49, 280, 283, 364, 372, 382, at Romanov Tercentenary, 392–394, 393, 393, 416, 422, 472 399–401 public opinion of, 338, 396, 401 at White Palace, 442 Queen Victoria and, 1, 259–260, 296, 349, Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, 72–73, 256, 350 440 Alice, Princess of Hesse, 348 Rasputin and, 120 Alix, Princess of Hesse, 36–37. See also Alexan- religious beliefs of, 91, 153–159 dra, Empress Russian Orthodox confirmation of, 328–329 Almanach de St. Petersbourg, The, 84 umbrella incident at Yalta, 446 “American Inhabitants,” 162 Vladimirs and, 69, 74 Americans See also ceremonies; coronation, of Nicholas in Alexander Palace service, 126–127 II; wedding, of Nicholas II and Alexan- clothing of, at Russian courts, 246 dra; individual names of residences as Russian aristocrats, 145 Alexandra, Grand Duchess (wife of Nicholas Amusement Palace, 221 Nikolaievich), 24 Anastasia, Princess of Montenegro, 91, 155, 305 Alexandra, Princess of Greece, 82 Anastasia Nikolaievna, Grand Duchess, 38, Alexandra, Queen of England, 48, 52, 261, 39–40, 135, 217, 283 430–433 aboard Standart, 278, 279–280, 280 Alexandra Iosifovna, Grand Duchess (Aunt at Alexander Palace, 194–195 Sanny), 86, 267, 373 assassination of, 401 bindex.qxd 1/16/06 11:42 AM Page 541

INDEX 541

clothing of, 248 Balleta, Elizabeth, 78 at Livadia, 447, 450 Ballet Russes, 64, 458 near drowning of, 447 balls, 454 photos of, 39, 278, 280, 283, 449, 472 Bals blancs, 460 at Romanov Tercentenary, 394, 399 Bals rose, 460 at Spala, 297–298 Black and White Ball, 461 at White Palace, 444, 449 at Livadia, 465–466 World War I, start of, 472, 472 Persian Ball, 464, 465 Andrei Vladimirovich, Grand Duke, 60, 70–72, Romanov Tercentenary, 396 88, 94 See also imperial balls Anglican Church, 359 bandeaus, 260–261 Anglo-Russian Convention, 429 Bariatinsky, Anatole, Prince, 99 Anichkov Palace, 15, 51–52, 252, 337, 340, Bariatinsky, Anatole, Princess, 38, 427, 428 462–463 Baroque Grotto (Tsarskoye Selo), 185 wedding of Nicholas II and Alexandra, Basarov, Father Ivan, 153 353–355 Battle of Borodino, Centennial of, 316, 316–318 wedding of Yusupovs, 463 Battle of Poltava, Bicentennial of, 314, 315–316 Anna, Empress, 168 Bazhenov, Vassili, 24 Annunciation Cathedral, 220–221 Beatrice, Princess of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, 58 Anthony, Bishop of Tambov Province, 157 bedrooms Anthony, Metropolitan of St. Petersburg, 158, beds of Romanov children, 193–194 315, 352 of Catherine the Great, 189 anti-Semitism, 79, 91–92, 152–153, 316, 390, 429 Grand Kremlin Palace, 225–227 Apraxine, Peter, Count, 104–105 Grand Palace, 207 Arc de Triomphe, 421 imperial train, 272–273 architecture. See individual names of Lower Palace at Alexandria, 215–216 architects and buildings Winter Palace, 176, 179–181 art nouveau style, 214, 216, 254, 262, 443 Beloselsky-Belozersky, Princess Serge (Suzanne), Asia, 282–283 145, 307 assassinations Beloselsky-Belozersky, Serge, Prince, 145 of Alexander II, 5, 176 Benckendorff, Paul von, Count, 42, 100, 123 of Rasputin, 146 Betskoy House, 24 of Romanov family, 401 Bicentennial of the Battle of Poltava, 314, of Serge Alexandrovich, 80–81 315–316 Audience Hall Room (Grand Palace), 205 Bielovezh (Bielovezhskaya Puschcha), 288–294, Augusta Victoria, Kaiserin, 427, 434 289, 292 aurochs, 293 billiards rooms Austria, 387, 420, 467–468, 474 Bielovezh, 291 Winter Palace, 180–181 Blackamoor Hall (Winter Palace), 175 baisemain (women’s reception), 306–307 Black and White Ball, 461 Bakst, Léon, 465 Blackford, Henrietta, 86 bindex.qxd 1/16/06 11:42 AM Page 542

542 INDEX

Blue Drawing Room (Grand Palace), 206 Cathedral of Our Savior, 221 Bobrinsky, Alexander, 102, 103, 121 Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul, 21, 335, Bolin (jeweler), 253, 260, 261 338–342 Bolshoi Theater, 383 Cathedral of the Archangel Michael, 221, 334 Boris Vladimirovich, Grand Duke, 60, 70–71, Cathedral of the Assumption, 221, 334, 358–360, 465 367–368, 372, 373–379, 377 Botkin, Eugene, 100, 104, 297 Cathedral of the Savior Not Made with Hands Botkin, Gleb, 38, 107, 112, 121, 183 (Winter Palace), 171–172 Botkin, Peter, 104 Cathedral of the Winter Palace, 174 Botkin, Tatiana, 40 cathedral of Tsarskoye Selo, 186 boyars, 3 Cathedral Square (Moscow), 220–221, 378, Boyd-Carpenter, William, Bishop, 298 378–379 Brenna, Vincenzo, 24–25 Catherine I, Empress, 112, 184 Brissac, Auguste, 242–243 Catherine II, Empress (Catherine the Great), 3, Bronze Horseman, The (Pushkin), 11, 23 4, 16, 23, 28–29, 244 Bryullov, Alexander, 175 carriage of, 269 Buchanan, Meriel, 12, 27–28, 458–459 Catherine Palace and, 184, 186–189 Bulygin, Alexander, 389 jewels of, 255, 256, 261, 349 Bush, John, 185 Peterhof and, 205, 209–210 Butter Week, 162 Tsarskoye Selo and, 184–189 Buxhoeveden, Sophie, Baroness (Isa), 51, 69, Winter Palace and, 172–173, 173, 174 106, 307, 455 Catherine Institute Boarding School for Young aboard Standart, 277, 279, 281–282, 284 Ladies of Noble Birth, 28 debutante presentation of, 309–310 Catherine Palace, 184, 186–189 Cavalier’s Hall (Catherine Palace), 187 Centennial of the Battle of Borodino, 316, calendar, xiii 316–318, 318 Cameron, Charles, 184, 185–186, 188, 189 ceremonies, 303–304, 310 Cameron Gallery (Tsarskoye Selo), 186 Alexander III statue dedication, 319–321 Cantacuzené, Michael, Prince (Count baisemain (women’s reception), 306–307 Speransky), 145 Bicentennial of the Battle of Poltava, 314, Cantacuzené, Michael, Princess (Julia), 145, 390, 315–316 396 Centennial of the Battle of Borodino, 316, Cantacuzené, Serge, Princess, 465 316–318, 318 Cap of Monomakh, 2, 374 christenings, 311–315, 312 Carnot, Marie François Sadi, 424 Epiphany Ceremony, 307–309 Carol, King of Romania, 467 Khodynka Field review (August 28, 1912), Carol, Prince of Romania, 466–467 319 carriages, 267–270 majority ceremonies, 310–311 “Carthusian Devils,” 162 presentation of debutantes, 309–310 Cartier, Jacques, 68, 254, 257–258 reception by Moscow nobles (August 27, Cassel, Ernest, 429 1912), 318 bindex.qxd 1/16/06 11:42 AM Page 543

INDEX 543

State Opening of Duma (April 27, 1906), 261, for coronation, 364, 367–369, 373–374 320, 321–323 country fashion, 248 Their Majesties’ Processions, 304–306, 370 of grand duchesses, 245 See also coronation, of Nicholas II; wedding, for imperial balls, 407–408, 414–418 of Nicholas II and Alexandra of Imperial Senate, 246–247 Chabrun, Comte de, 394, 468 jewels designed for, 262 Chaguin (captain of Standart), 280 during Lent, 162–163 Chaliapin, Feodor, 396, 417 of men, 246–249, 407 Chalons-sur-Marne, France, 426 military uniforms, 6, 132–134, 246–249, 254, Champs de Mars, 24 410 chapel, of Standart, 277–278 mourning, 244 chapel, private (Winter Palace), 181–182 Nicholas II and, 249, 252 Chapel of St. Alexander Nevsky (Peterhof), 210 Romanov children and, 248–249 Chapel of the Iverskaya Mother of God, 365 of servants, 117, 247 charities for wedding of Nicholas II and Alexandra, of Alexandra, 448–451 346 scandals involving, 52, 69, 78 of women, 241–246 Charlemagne, Joseph, 210, 212 See also balls; imperial balls; individual names Cherbourg, France, 420 of imperial family members Chernyshevs (store), 242 clubs, of St. Petersburg, 456–457 Chesme Room (Grand Palace), 205 coachmen, 270, 408 Chevalier Guards Regiment, 133, 366 Colonist Park (Peterhof), 209 Chevalier Guards’ Room (Grand Kremlin Colonnade Egg of 1910 (Fabergé), 264 Palace), 224–225 Concert Balls, 413 China, 367 Concert Hall (Alexander Palace), 193, 200 china service designs, 125, 406–407 Concert Hall (Winter Palace), 175 Chinese Hall (Catherine Palace), 189 Constantinople, 151 Chislova, Catherine, 90 constitution, Russian, 217 christenings, 311–315, 312 Corner Salon (Alexander Palace), 126, 201 Christian IX, King of Denmark, 47, 340, 350 coronation, of Nicholas II, 361, 372, 377, Christian X, King of Denmark, 92 378, 382 Christopher, Prince of Greece, 1, 37, 71, 466 banquet following, 379–380 Church of St. Peter and St. Paul (Grand Palace), celebrations following, 381–388 206 ceremonies leading to, 365–371 Church of the Crucifixion, 222 Coronation Ball, 382, 382–383 Church of the Exaltation of the Cross, 438–439 Coronation Egg of 1897 (Fabergé), 264 Church on the Spilt Blood, 18, 19, 69 imperial arrivals for, 360–361 clothing Khodynka disaster, 384–388 Alexandra and, 242–243, 248–252 preparations for, 357–358 of attendants, 245 rituals of, 371–379 care of, 114–116, 118, 198, 252 state entrance, 362–365 for ceremonies, 306 visitors to, 359–360 bindex.qxd 1/16/06 11:42 AM Page 544

544 INDEX

Corps des Pages, 28, 131, 143, 407, 460 Denmark, 47, 92, 340, 350, 370, 420 Cossack Konvoi Regiment, 110, 132, 134 Derevenko, Andrei, 41, 120, 194 Cottage Palace (Peterhof), 211 De Rochefort, Nicholas, Count, 196, 289, 290 country estates, 148–150 De Stoeckl, Agnes, Baroness, 245, 465–466 Bielovezh (Bielovezhskaya Puschcha), Detaille, Edouard, 197 288–294, 289, 292 De Thomon, Thomas, 22 Gatchina, 287–288 Diaghilev, Serge, 64, 458 Skernevetski, 288 Diamond Chain of the Order of St. Andrei, 254, Spala, 294–299 255 Court of the Last Tsar, The (King), 7 Diamond Festoon Earrings, 256 Crimea, 437–438. See also Livadia diamond loop tiara, of Grand Duchess Vladimir, Crimson and Green Pilaster Rooms (Catherine 257 Palace), 187 Diamond Throne of Tsar Alexei, 255 Crimson Drawing Room (Alexander Palace), Dimitri Konstantinovich, Grand Duke, 86, 192, 194 88–90, 445–446 crown jewels, 254, 262–263, 410 Dimitri Pavlovich, Grand Duke, 79, 79–81, crowns 82–85 Cap of Monomakh, 2, 374 dining rooms of empress, 375 Bielovezh, 290–291 Imperial State Crown, 254, 255, 322, 339, 374 Catherine Palace, 187 Romanov Nuptial Crown, 254, 256, 349 Grand Kremlin Palace, 226 crystal service, of Alexander Palace, 125, Lower Palace at Alexandria, 214, 214–215 406–407 of Standart, 275 Cubat, Monsieur (restauranteur), 64–65, 122–123 Dion Bouton, 270, 424 Dobrovolsky, Father, 278 Dolgorukaya, Catherine, Princess, 5 Danini, Silvio, 441 Dolgoruky, Alexander, Prince, 100, 101 Day of White Flowers, 449, 450 Dolgoruky, Vassili, Prince (Valya), 101 De Beauharnais, Zenaide, 77 Doublier, Francis, 385 debutantes, 309–310, 460 drawing rooms Decembrist Uprising, 4 aboard imperial train, 272, 272 De Freedericksz, Alexandra, 99, 140 Alexander Palace, 192, 194, 199–200, 200, De Freedericksz, Eugenia, 99, 109 200 De Freedericksz, Vladimir Borisovich, Count, 73, Bielovezh, 290 98, 99–100, 111, 323, 405–406, 467 Grand Kremlin Palace, 225, 226–227 coronation duties of, 358 Grand Palace, 206 at Livadia, 445, 447 Winter Palace, 178–179, 179 De Giers, Nicholas, 345 Drexel, Elizabeth, 65–66 Dehn, Lili, 38–39 Dreyer, Nadezhda, 86–87 Demidova, Anna, 117 Dulber Palace, 440 De Montebello, Louis Gustave, Count, 386–387 Duma De Montferrand, August Ricard, 22, 160 creation of, 44, 217 bindex.qxd 1/16/06 11:42 AM Page 545

INDEX 545

Kostroma support by, 399–400 Empire Drawing Room (Winter Palace), Romanov tercentenary and, 390–391, 394 178–179 State Opening (April 27, 1906), 261, 320, Empress’s Boudoir (Grand Kremlin Palace), 321–323 227 dyadya, 281 Empress’s Drawing Room (Grand Kremlin Dzhunkovsky, Vladimir, 317, 318, 397, 400 Palace), 226–227 Empress’s Reception Room (Grand Kremlin Palace), 226 Eager, Marguerite, 119–120 empress’s reception room (Lower Palace), 215 East Chinese Lobby (Grand Palace), 206 England, 429–433. See also individual names of Easter, 161–164 rulers Easter eggs (Fabergé), 201, 253, 263–265 English Club, 456 education, 143 English Embankment, 23 of peasants, 149 English Palace (Peterhof), 210 of Romanov children, 120 Epiphany Ceremony, 307–309 schools, 24, 28–29, 131, 143, 407, 460 Ernst Augustus, Duke of Brunswick, 433–435 Edward VII, King of England (Uncle Bertie) Ernst Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse, 36, honorary Russian title, 419 72–73, 177, 262, 340, 420 as Prince of Wales, 48, 275, 331, 340, at coronation of Nicholas II, 379 350–351 at wedding of Nicholas II and Alexandra, state visit (1908), 429–433 345, 350, 353 1812 Military Gallery (Winter Palace), 171, 351 Ersberg, Elizabeth, 116, 117 Elchaninov, Andrei, 45–46 Ersberg, Nicholas (father), 116 electricity, 360, 439, 465 Ersberg, Nicholas (son), 117 Elena Vladimirovna, Grand Duchess, 60, 69–70 Eucharist, celebration by Nicholas, 377 Elisieev Brothers, 18–19 Eugen, Wilhelm, Duke of Württemberg, Elizabeth, Empress, 3, 16, 28, 255–256, 269 86 Peterhof, 203–205 Eugenie, Empress, 432 Tsarskoye Selo, 184, 186 Evreinov, Nicholas, 102, 103 Winter Palace, 168 Elizabeth, Queen of Romania, 467 Elizabeth Feodorovna, Grand Duchess (Ella), 36, Fabergé, Peter Carl, 78, 253, 260, 261, 79, 79–81, 80, 84–85, 176, 326, 348 263–265 at coronation of Nicholas II, 373, 383 Fabergé Easter Eggs, 201, 253, 263–265 at Medieval Costume Ball, 416 fairs, 150, 161–162 residence of, 145, 345 Falconet, Etienne, 23 Elizabeth Mavrikievna, Grand Duchess, Farmhouse Palace (Peterhof), 210–211 245 fashion. See clothing; jewels Emperor’s Formal Study (Alexander Palace), Faure, Félix, 420–426 196–197 Fedorov, Serge, 297, 298 emperor’s reception (Lower Palace at Alexan- Feodorovsky Cathedral, 190–191 dria), 215 Feodorovsky Gorodnok, 190 bindex.qxd 1/16/06 11:42 AM Page 546

546 INDEX

films George V, King of Hanover, 433, 434 of coronation, 371, 385 Geringer, Madame, 116 for entertainment, 128 Germany Fisher, Jackie, 431 Hesse, royal family of, 36, 259, 345 footmen, 247 Marie Feodorovna on, 47, 65 France, 359, 386–387 Nicholas II’s visit to Germany (1913), Franco-Russian alliance, 424 433–435 gift from, 201 Russian dynasty descended from, 97 state visits, 420–426, 421, 422, 425, 468–469 state visits, 359, 420, 426–429, 433–435 France, 468, 469 World War I, 471–476 Franklin, Elizabeth, 56 See also Prussia; Wilhelm II, Kaiser of Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria- Germany Hungary, 467–468 Gibbes, Charles Syndey, 41, 117, 121 Franz Joseph, Emperor of Austria-Hungary, 420 Gibbes, George, 121 Frederick, Crown Prince of Denmark, 370 Gilliard, Pierre, 38, 41, 121, 194, 297, 467 freilini (maids of honor), 105, 107 Gindus, Anna, 242 Friedrich Franz II, Grand Duke of Glinka, Michael, 3, 395, 410–411, 417 Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 64, 92 Godunov, Boris, 3 Friedrich Meltzer Company, 441 Gogol, Nicholas, 14, 15–16 Friedrich Wilhelm, King of Prussia, 188 Golden Gallery (Catherine Palace), 186 Fundamental Laws of the Russian Empire, 76 Golden Grenadiers, 134 Golden Hill Cascade (Peterhof), 208 Golden Stairway (Terem Palace), 222 Gabriel Konstantinovich, Prince, 87, 89 Golenko, Mitrophane, 292 Galsworthy, John, 429 Golitsyn, Dimitri, Count, 103, 173, 363 Gambs Brothers, 20, 225 Golitsyn, Dimitri, Prince, 102, 287 Garde Équipage, 134 Golitsyn, Marie, Princess, 105, 313, 315, Garden of Bacchus Cascade (Peterhof), 323 208 Good Friday, 163 gardens, 25, 207–210, 219–220, 444 Gostiny Dvor, 18 Gardes á Cheval, 133–134 Grabbe, Alexander von, General Count, 40, 41, Gatchina, 269, 287–288 42, 44, 97, 110 Gautier, Théophile, 14, 16, 20, 26 Grand Canal (Peterhof), 207 George, Duke of Leuchtenberg, 91 grand duke/duchess, titles of, xi–xii George, Duke of York, 340, 351 grand dukes, xi–xii George, Prince of Greece, 352 majority ceremonies of, 310–311 George Alexandrovich, Grand Duke, 34, 47, 53, military training of, 135 56–57 Grand Kremlin Palace, 219, 221–227, 366, 368, George I, King of the Hellenes, 48, 86, 325, 340, 370, 379 350 Grand Palace (Peterhof), 204–207, 427 George Mikhailovich, Grand Duke (Gogi), Great Fast, 162–163 93–94, 103, 387, 416 Great Gallery (Catherine Palace), 187 bindex.qxd 1/16/06 11:42 AM Page 547

INDEX 547

Great Palace at Livadia, 438–439 Hermogen, Bishop of Saratov, 81 Great Siberian Railway, 319 Hesse, royal family of, 36, 259, 345 Gresser, General (police prefect), 64–65 His Majesty’s Own Library (Winter Palace), 180 guards regiments Hoare, Samuel, 43 Abyssian Guards, 126–127 Hohenzollern, 274, 429 Chevalier Guards, 133, 224–225, 366 Holy Synod, 152, 390 Horse Guards Manege, 23–24 Horse Guards Manege, 23–24 Hussar Guards Regiment, 134 horses, 23–24, 268–269, 363 invited to balls, 406 hotels, 20 Pavlovsky Guards, 134, 139 Hunter’s Marsh (Peterhof), 209 See also individual names of events hunting, 287–288, 292–294, 296 Guitry, Lucien, 64–65 Hussar Guards Regiment, 134 Gulf of Finland, 9, 27, 209 Gurko, Vladimir, 50, 321 gypsy entertainers, 461 iconostases, 152 Ignatiev, Alexei, Count, 102, 109 Ignatiev, Alexei (military page), 132, 139 Hahn, Kurt, 253, 254, 260, 261, 322 Imperial Anteroom (Alexander Palace), Hall of Armorial Bearings (Winter Palace), 171 192 Hall of St. Alexander Nevsky (Grand Kremlin Imperial Ballet School, 457–458 Palace), 224 imperial balls Hall of St. Andrei (Grand Kremlin Palace), 224, Concert Balls, 413 366 dinners served at, 412–414 Hall of St. Catherine (Grand Kremlin Palace), Hermitage Balls, 413–414 225 invitations to, 405–406 Hall of St. Vladimir (Grand Kremlin Palace), 223 Medieval Costume Ball (1903), 414–418 Hanover, 433 Nicholas Ball, 406–413 Harax, 465–466 Palm Ball, 414 Hardinge, Charles, 430–431 Imperial Banner, 366 headdresses Imperial Bedroom (Grand Kremlin Palace), 227 bandeaus, 260–261 Imperial Court. See Ministry of the Imperial kokoshniki, 245–246 Court veils, 261 Imperial Day Cabin (Standart), 275–276 wedding, 349 Imperial Diadem, 261 Heinrich, Prince of Prussia, 359, 360, 427 Imperial Hunt, 287, 363 hemophilia, 41, 296–299, 393–394, 466 Imperial Lobby (Standart), 276 Hendrikov, Anastasia, Countess (Nastinka), 106 Imperial Orb, 255, 322, 339 Hendrikov, Vassili, Count, 101–102, 105, 106 Imperial Police Force, 110 Hercules, Jim, 126–127, 127 Imperial Regalia, procession by rank, 304–306, Hermitage Balls, 413–414 370 Hermitage (Peterhof), 207 Imperial Rivière Necklace, 256, 256 Hermitage (Winter Palace), 10, 172, 173 imperial scepter, 255, 322, 339 bindex.qxd 1/16/06 11:42 AM Page 548

548 INDEX

Imperial Senate, 246–247 pogroms, 79, 152–153, 429 Imperial State Crown, 254, 255, 322, 339, 374 Romanov descendants of, 91–92 Imperial Stud, 268–269 Jordan Staircase (Winter Palace), 170, 175 imperial trains, 271–273, 272 Julian calendar, xiii Imperial Waiting Room (Alexander Palace), 195 Imperial Yacht Club, 456 kamer-diners (valets), 114, 116 “Insult to Our Country, An” (London Times), kamer-jungferi (ladies’ maids), 116 429–430 kamer-pages (room pages), 407 Ioannikii, Metropolitan of Kiev, 372 Karl, Archduke of Austria, 387 Iosef of Belgorod, Saint, 156 Kazan Cathedral, 159–160, 161, 354, 391–393 Irene, Princess of Prussia, 349, 427 Kegress, Adolphe, 271 Irina Alexandrovna, Princess, 53, 53, 85, 463, Khodynka Field, 98, 100, 319–321, 381–389 463–464 King, Greg, 7 Island District, 461 King of Judea, The (Konstantin Romanov), 88 Italian Courtyard (White Palace), 441–442, 449 Kirill, Grand Duchess, 465 Italian Hall (White Palace), 441 Kirill Vladimirovich, Grand Duke, 60, 70, 72–74, Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible), 2–3, 146, 255 78, 352, 367, 374–376 Ivan of Kronstadt, Father, 156 Kleinmichel, Marie, Countess, 143, 144, 464, 465 Ivan Susanin, 3 Kleinmichel, Olga, 281 Izvolsky, Helene, 27, 310, 462 Kochubey, Victor, Prince, 99, 315 Koechli, Friedrich, 253, 260 kokoshniki (headdresses), 245–246, 260, jewels, 254, 256, 260 261 of Alexandra, 254, 258–263, 260, 322, 349 Kokovtsov, Vladimir, 399 at coronation, 380, 383 Kokovtsov, Vladimir, Count, 391 crown jewels, 254, 262–263, 410 Kolyaba, Mitya, 154–155 diamond aigrette lost at ball, 418 Konnogvardeisky Boulevard, 24 Fabergé objets d’art, 201, 253, 263–265 Konstantin, Byzantine Emperor, 2 of Grand Duchess Vladimir, 257–258 Konstantin Konstantinovich, Grand Duke, 24, for imperial balls, 409 41, 42, 86, 87, 87–88, 315–316, 336, of Marie Feodorovna, 258–259 340 of men, 254 at coronation of Nicholas II, 361, 362, 364, military accessories, 254 374, 381 of Nicholas II, 254–255 on Vladimirs, 69, 70 of Olga Nikolaievna, 451 at wedding of Nicholas II and Alexandra, Polar Star Diamond, 417 350, 353 private collections, 256–257 Konstantin Nikolaievich, Grand Duke, 85–86 of women, 253–254 Konstantin Pavlovich, Grand Duke, 288 Jews Kossikovsky, Alexandrina, 58–59 Holy Synod’s views on, 390 Kostroma, Russia, 397–401 Nicholas II’s views on, 316 Krasnov, Nicholas, 439–444 bindex.qxd 1/16/06 11:42 AM Page 549

INDEX 549

Krasnoye Selo, 136–137, 468–469 MacDonald, Ramsay, 429–430 Krasovskii, Alexander, 176–177, 180 maids of honor, 245 Kremlin, 220–222 majority ceremonies, 310–311 Cathedral Square, 220–221, 378, 378–379 Malachite Hall (Winter Palace), 175, 177, 178, 348 coronation of Nicholas II, 358, 360, 361, 378 Maly Palace, 325–327, 326, 439 Kremlin Grand Palace, 219, 221–227 Manifesto, Tercentenary, 390 Krivoshein, Alexander, 290 Mannerheim, Gustov, Baron, 268 Kruger, Franz, 171 Maple Drawing Room (Alexander Palace), 200, Kschessinska, Mathilde, 36, 71–72, 94, 383, 395, 200 428, 458 Marble Palace, 24 Kulikovsky, Nicholas, 56 Margarethe, Crown Princess of Sweden, 450 Kuntskammer, 22–23 Marie, Crown Princess of Romania, 373, Kutuzov, Michael, Prince, 159, 316–317, 473 376–378, 466–467 Kuznetsova, Anna, 86, 89 Marie, Queen of Romania, 37–38, 65, 70 Marie Alexandrovna, Empress, 21, 369 Marie Alexandrovna, Grand Duchess, 256, 350 Labl, General (Railway Regiment), 110 Marie Feodorovna, Dowager Empress, 29, ladies-in-waiting, 245 34–35, 35, 47–53, 50, 55–57, 211–212 lavra, 17, 153 Alexander III’s death and, 325–327, 330–331, Le Blonde, Alexander, 14, 25 334, 340–342 Leningrad, 10 Alexandra and, 258–260 Lent, 162–164 balls given by, 418, 462 Libek (ship captain), 282 carriages of, 270 Life for the Tsar, A (Glinka), 3, 395–396, ceremonies attended by, 310, 314, 320–323 410–411, 417 clothing of, 250 Li-Hung-Chang, 367 at coronation of Nicholas II, 359, 361, 364, Lincoln, W. Bruce, 16–17, 43 365, 369–370, 379–380, 383 Lion Fountain (Peterhof), 208 Elizabeth Ersberg and, 116 Livadia, 325–327, 437–438 Elizabeth Feodorovna and, 81 charity work at, 448–451, 449 Fabergé egg commissioned for, 264 Great Palace, 438–439 jewels of, 258–259 imperial family lifestyle at, 444–448 Michael Mikhailovich and, 93 Maly Palace, 439 Olga Pistolkors and, 82 1914 visit to, 465–467 Polar Star, 274, 276 White Palace, 439–444, 442, 443, 451–452 at Romanov Tercentenary, 392, 394–395, Livdal, Feodor, 20 400–401 Lobanov-Rostovsky, Andrei, Prince, 35, 90–91 state visits, 430–433 Louise, Queen of Denmark, 47 Vladimirs and, 65, 67, 69 Louis XIV, King of France, 183 at wedding of Nicholas II and Alexandra, Lower Palace at Alexandria (Peterhof), 211, 212, 344, 347, 349–350, 352–354 212–217, 214 Wilhelm II and, 274–275 Lyon Salon (Catherine Palace), 189 See also individual residences bindex.qxd 1/16/06 11:42 AM Page 550

550 INDEX

Marie Feodorovna, Empress (wife of Paul I), Menager Fountains (Peterhof), 208 188–189 Menelaws, Adam, 184, 210–211 Marie Georgievna, Grand Duchess, 49, 65, 75, Merezhovsky, Dimitri, 95 94, 101–102, 257, 416 metropolitans, 151–152 Marie Louise, Princess of Germany, 36 Mezhen, 297–298, 400 Marie Miloslavskaya, Empress, 415 Michael Alexandrovich, Grand Duke (Misha), Marie Nikolaievna, Grand Duchess, 35, 38, 39, 34, 47, 57, 58–61, 135, 412, 418 119–120, 217 at coronation of Nicholas II, 371, 374 aboard Standart, 278, 279–280, 280 at wedding of Nicholas II and Alexandra, at Alexander Palace, 194–195 346, 352 assassination of, 401 Michael Feodorovich, Tsar, 190 clothing of, 248 Michael Mikhailovich, Grand Duke at Livadia, 450 (Miche-Miche), 93 photos of, 39, 278, 280, 283, 449, 472 Michael Nikolaievich, Grand Duke, 53, 91–92, at Romanov Tercentenary, 394, 399 257, 410 at Spala, 297–298 Michael Pavlovich, Grand Duke, 18 at White Palace, 444, 449 Michael Romanov, Emperor, 3, 380, 389, 390, World War I, start of, 472, 472 397, 399 Marie Pavlovna, Grand Duchess (the Younger), Mikhailovsky Castle, 24–25 xii, 79, 79–85, 84, 149 Mikhailovsky Square, 17–18 Marie Pavlovna, Grand Duchess (wife of Mikuckiego, Leon, 294–295 Vladimir Alexandrovich). See Vladimir, military, 131–134 Grand Duchess (Miechen) imperial family duties to, 134–140 Mariinsky Company, 383 Military Retinue, Table of Ranks, 104 Mariinsky Palace, 23 servants drawn from, 113 Mariinsky Theater, 395–396, 458–459, 463 uniforms, 6, 132–134, 246–249, 254, 410 Marly Garden (Peterhof), 207–208 Militsa, Princess of Montenegro, 91, 155, 305 Mary, Queen of England, 434 Ministry of the Imperial Court, 97–100 Maslenitsa (Carnival), 161–162 empress’ Suite, 104–108 Massandra (Vorontzov Palace), 131, 445 Hermitage as part of, 173 Mattarnovi, Georg Johann, 168 Imperial Entourage and Suite, 100–104 Mauve Boudoir (Alexander Palace), 198, Russian orders and, 111–112 199 security, 108–111 Mavrikievna, Elizabeth, Grand Duchess (Mavra), Miracle Working Icon of the Kazan Mother of 87–88 God, 159, 316, 473 Max, Prince of Baden, 69 Mirza, Abdul, 145–146 mazurka, 411 Moika Canal, 148 Meadow Park (Peterhof), 209 Monighetti, Ippolit, 189, 273–274, 438 Medieval Costume Ball (1903), 414–418 Mon Plaisir Garden (Peterhof), 208–209, 209, Meltzer, Feodor, 176 210 Meltzer, Roman, 176–177, 192–193, 196–197, Moscow 199, 200, 214, 215 funeral procession of Alexander III, 332–334 bindex.qxd 1/16/06 11:42 AM Page 551

INDEX 551

nobility, reception by (1912), 318 Kostroma supported by, 399 palaces of, 219–227 majority ceremonies introduced by, reception by nobility of (August 27, 1912), 310–311 318 Neskuchnoye Palace and, 219 as religious center, 2, 151 Peterhof and, 210, 212 Romanov Tercentenary ceremonies, 401 Skernevetski and, 288 St. Petersburg contrasted with, 12 Spala and, 294 used for coronation, 357, 358 Winter Palace and, 169, 172, 173 Mossolov, Alexander, 39, 44, 69, 82, 101, 431 Nicholas II, Emperor, xi, 1–2, 6–7 motorcars, 270–271, 424 assassination of, 401 mourning rituals, 244, 328 authorized biography of, 45 mysticism, 91, 154 bath tubs of, 180, 196, 291 birth of children, 37–41, 217 childhood of, 34–35 Nabokov, Nicholas, 177 clothing of, 249, 252, 410 Nagorny, Klementy, 41, 120 courtship with Alexandra, 191–192, 213 names, Christian and patronymic, xii–xiii, 92 Duma and, 320, 321–323 nannies, to Romanov children, 119–120, 142–143 early love affairs of, 71 Napoléon I, 4, 159 exercise by, 196, 287, 447 Naryshkin, Nathalia, Princess, 462 father’s death and, 33–34, 327–331, 333, 337, Naryshkin-Kuryakin, Elizabeth, Princess (Zizi), 340–342 105, 107, 128, 307, 353, 449 grandfather’s death and, 5 at coronation of Nicholas II, 369, 375 as head of House of Romanov, 47, 51, 52, 53, at Romanov Tercentenary, 401 55, 58–61 naval crews, 274, 278–282 horses of, 269, 363 Nazier-Vachot, Philippe, 155, 157 image/personality of, 42–46, 44–45, 118, 137, Nemirovich-Demchenko, Vladimir, 359, 383, 385 304, 319, 396 Neskuchnoye Palace, 219, 365 incognito travel by, 424–425 Neva Enfilade (Winter Palace), 175 jeweled pieces of, 254–255 Neva River, 9, 11–12, 25–26, 308 Khodynka disaster and, 319, 381–389, Nevinson, Henry, 429 385–389 Nevsky, Alexander, 17 majority ceremony of, 310–311 Nevsky Prospekt, 14, 14–21, 15, 242, 336–338, military duties of, 136–140 345, 347, 354 motorcars of, 270–271, 424 New Club, 456 photos of, 33, 34, 278, 316, 361, 378, 382, New Hermitage, 173 393, 415, 422, 425, 472, 474 Nicholas, Prince of Greece, 69–70, 327, 332 religious beliefs of, 91, 153–159 Nicholas, Tsesarevich (Alexander II’s son), 48 rifle collection of, 196 Nicholas Ball, 406–413 views on Imperial Court, 98, 99, 104, 109, 111 Nicholas I, Emperor, xi, 4–5, 17, 244 views on “revolutionaries,” 316 Grand Kremlin Palace and, 222, 227 Vladimirs and, 67, 70–74 Imperial Court established by, 97–98 World War I events and, 469, 471–476 bindex.qxd 1/16/06 11:42 AM Page 552

552 INDEX

Nicholas II, Emperor (continued) on Romanov downfall, 95 See also ceremonies; coronation, of Nicholas servants of, 114 II; wedding, of Nicholas II and Alexan- soldiers at childhood home of, 134–135 dra; individual names of residences on state visit, 431 Nicholas Konstantinovich, Grand Duke, 86–87 on Winter Palace, 167 Nicholas Mikhailovich, Grand Duke (Bimbo), Olga Feodorovna, Grand Duchess, 91–93 38, 67, 76, 92–93, 114, 387 Olga Island (Peterhof), 209 Nicholas Nikolaievich, Grand Duke, 24, 90–91, Olga Nikolaievna, Grand Duchess, 34, 38, 40, 41, 305 106 Nicholas Palace, 221 aboard Standart, 277, 278, 279–280, 280, 281 nightclubs, of St. Petersburg, 461 at Alexander Palace, 194–195 Nikitine, Boris, 58 at Alexei’s christening, 314, 315 Nikolaievich, Nicholas, Grand Duke, 90 assassination of, 401 Nikolaievich, Nicholas, Jr., Grand Duke (Niko- balls in honor of, 451–452, 462–463, 465–466 lasha), 90–91, 155 clothing of, 248 Nikolaievsky Palace, 24 at Livadia, 450 Nilov, Konstantin, 102, 280–281 marriage plans for, 466–467 Nina Georgievna, Princess, 39–40 military duties of, 135, 135, 138 Niva, 390 photos of, 37, 135, 138, 243, 278, 280, 283, Nizhny-Novgorod, 397 449, 472 Nobokov, Nicholas, 273–274 at Romanov Tercentenary, 394–396, 399 Nostitz, Gregory, Count, 145 on state visit, 432 Nostitz, Lily, Countess, 145, 156 views on servants, 119–120 at White Palace, 444, 449 World War I, start of, 472, 472 ober-kamer-fourrier (kitchen supervisor), Orchard, Mary Anne, 119 121 Orienda, 445–446 objets d’art, 263–265. See also jewels Orkovskaya, Mlle., 57 Obolensky, Elizabeth, Princess, 282 Orlov, Olga, Princess, 111 October Manifesto, 44 Orlov, Vladimir, Prince, 111, 271 Office of Imperial Stables, 268 Orlov Diamond, 255 Oldenburg, S. S., 158 Orthodoxy. See Russian Orthodox Church Old Hermitage (Winter Palace), 172 Ott (physician), 155 Olga, Queen of the Hellenes, 86, 325, 330–331, 350, 359, 376, 382 Olga Alexandrovna, Grand Duchess, 47, 49, 50, Pahlen, Konstantin von der, Count, 100, 103, 54–56, 55, 65, 71, 105, 354 358 aboard Standart, 284–285 Palace of Battles, 190 at coronation of Nicholas II, 375, 376 Palace of Facets, 221–222 dressmaker incident, 243 Palace of Znamenka, 155 at Livadia, 447, 448 palaces. See individual names of palaces on pilgrims’ reaction to Nicholas, 157–158 Palace Square, 22, 169 bindex.qxd 1/16/06 11:42 AM Page 553

INDEX 553

Paleologue, Maurice, 61, 128, 268–269, 468–469, Peter I, Emperor (Peter the Great), xi, 3, 9, 474, 476 11–12, 23, 25 Paleologue, Zöé, 2, 255 Alexander Nevsky Monastery and, 17 Paley, Vladimir, Prince, 465 Orthodox Church reorganized by, 152 Palladi, Metropolitan of St. Petersburg, 372, Peterhof and, 203, 207, 209 374–378 Russian orders established by, 111–112 Palladio, Andrea, 191, 219 St. Petersburg built by, 9, 11–12 Palm Ball, 414 Table of Ranks by, xii, 104 Palm Sunday, 163 tomb of, 21 Panina, Varya, 461 Tsarskoye Selo and, 188 Parade Halls (Grand Kremlin Palace), 223–225 Winter Palace and, 167–168 Parade Staircase (Grand Kremlin Palace), Peter Nikolaievich, Grand Duke, 90, 91, 305, 222–223 440 Paris, state visit (1896), 421, 421–426, 422, 425 Petipa, Marius, 383, 458 parks, of Peterhof, 209–210 Petrov, Peter, 120–121 Patriarchs, of Russian Orthodox Church, 152 Petrovsky Palace, 219, 220, 360–362, 386 Paul Alexandrovich, Grand Duke, 76, 79, 79, 82, physicians, of Imperial Court, 104 82–85, 344, 371, 374 Picture Hall (Catherine Palace), 188 Paul I, Emperor, xi, xii, 4, 112 Pistolkors, Olga (Countess Hohenfelsen), buildings commissioned by, 24–25 82–84 at Catherine Palace, 188–189 Plashanitza, 163, 164 Kazan Cathedral commissioned by, 159 Pleasaunce Garden, 219–220 Orthodox Church, 152 Pobedonostsev, Konstantin, 152–153, Pauline Laws, 75–76 157 Statues of the Imperial Family, 75–76 pogroms, 79, 152–153, 429 Pauline Laws, 75–76 Poincaré, Raymond, 468–469 Pavilion Hall (Winter Palace), 172 Poland, 294 Pavlovsky Guards, 134, 139 Bielovezh, 288–294, 289, 292 pearl and diamond tiara, of Alexandra, Michael Romanov and, 3 260 Skernevetski, 288 peasants, 2, 148, 149. See also public Spala, 294–299 opinion Polar Star, 273–274, 276, 284, 430 Perle, La, 383 Polar Star Diamond, 417 Persian Ball, 464, 465 polonaise, for imperial balls, 410 Peter, Prince of Oldenburg (Petya), 54–56 Pont Alexandre III, 425 Peterhof, 203, 211, 212, 214, 312 Portrait Rooms Cottage Palace, 211 Alexander Palace, 192 English Palace, 210 Catherine Palace, 187–188 Farmhouse Palace, 210–211 Grand Palace, 206 gardens, parks, 207–211 Poteshnye Regiments, 136 Grand Palace, 204–207, 427 Pozier, Gerald, 255 Lower Palace, 212–217 prince/princess, titles of, xi–xii bindex.qxd 1/16/06 11:42 AM Page 554

554 INDEX

private apartments Rastrelli Corridor (Winter Palace), 170 Bielovezh, 291 Red Staircase (Palace of Facets), 221–222, 370, Grand Palace, 206 372, 379, 401 Standart, 276–277 Reign of the Sovereign Emperor Nicholas Prussia, 47, 433 Alexandrovich, The (Elchaninov), 45–46 public opinion religion. See Jews; Russian Orthodox Church Alexander III’s death and, 325, 339 Rerberg, Feodor, 407 of Alexandra, 338, 396, 401 Ressin, Alexei, 110 coronation events viewed by, 362 restaurants, 457 death of Alexander III, 334 Review Passing before the Tsesarevich (Detaille), Khodynka Field disaster, 98, 100, 319–321, 197 381–389 Revolution of 1905, 43–44, 54 knowledge about Alexei’s hemophilia, 297, amnesty granted by Tercentenary 298 Manifesto, 390–391 public attendance at Epiphany Ceremony, public appearances of imperial family 307–309 following, 320 Pushkin, Alexander, 11, 23, 28 Standart, 285 Pustinikov, Nicholas, 109 Winter Palace and, 182 Pyramid Fountain (Peterhof), 208 Richter, Otto, 101 Rodzianko, Michael, 319, 392 Roman d’une Américaine en Russie, Le (Black- Quarenghi, Giacomo, 23–24, 28–29, 172–175, ford), 86 184, 191, 192, 210 Romanov, Konstantin (K.R.), 88. See also Konstantin Konstantinovich, Grand Duke Romanov Dynasty Radziwill, Konstantin, Prince, 72 beginning of, 3 railway succession laws, 40, 75–76 accident involving Alexander III, 116 Tercentenary, 248, 389–401 carriage, of Serge Alexandrovich, 267, 268 See also individual names of rulers and family imperial trains, 271–273, 272 members Railway Regiment, 110 Romanov Nuptial Crown, 254, 256, 349 Ranelagh Station, 422, 422 Rosewood Drawing Room (Alexander Palace), Rasputin, Gregory, 41, 85, 91, 101, 107, 217 199–200 Alexei’s illness at Spala and, 298 Rossi, Carlo, 16, 22 attack on, 468 Rostovtsov, Ivan, Count, 105 murder of, 146 Rothschild, Lord, 429 rape accusation, 120 Royal Door, to churches, 152, 163 religious influence of, 155–157 rubles, xiii at Romanov Tercentenary, 392 Russia Rastrelli, Bartolomeo, 16, 18, 168, 169, 170–172 Duma, 44, 217, 261, 320, 321–323, 390–391, Peterhof, 203–204 394, 399–400 Tsarskoye Selo, 184, 185, 186–187, 188 German heritage of dynasty, 97 bindex.qxd 1/16/06 11:42 AM Page 555

INDEX 555

orders of, 111–112, 223, 254 Serge, Metropolitan of Moscow, 365, 371–372 Western influence on, xii, 3–4, 143, 241–242 Serge Alexandrovich, Grand Duke, 36, 76, See also Revolution of 1905; Russo- 78–81, 79, 145, 344, 416 Japanese War of 1904-1905; individual coronation of Nicholas II, 357–358, 360, 371, names of rulers 374 Russian Orthodox Church, 2–3 Khodynka disaster and, 98, 100, 385–386, Alexandra’s confirmation in, 328–329 388 Christians only at coronation, 367 private railway carriage of, 267 creation of, 151–152 Sergeievsky Palace, 81, 83 Easter rituals, 161–164 Serge Mikhailovich, Grand Duke, 71–72, 94, hierarchy of, 152–153 352, 383, 387 Kazan Cathedral and, 159–160, 161 servants, 113–114, 129, 243–244 Nicholas II and Alexandra’s beliefs and, Abyssian Guards, 126–127, 175 153–159 cleaning staff, 117–119 primacy of, 6 food service, 121–128, 247 St. Isaac’s Cathedral and, 160–161, 163 footmen, 247 See also individual names of cathedrals, jewelry delivery ritual and, 262–263 churches, and officials nannies, 119–120, 142–143 Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, 43, 54 naval crews of yachts, 274, 278–282 Epiphany Ceremony of 1905, 309 personal attendants, 114–117 Imperial Army as honorary godfathers to for transportation, 270, 271, 273 Alexei, 312 tutors, 120–121 Vladimirs and, 69, 70, 72 Sèvres, France, 426 Winter Palace and, 182 Shaw, George Bernard, 429 Shcheglov, Vassili, 180 Sheremetiev, Alexander D., 103, 315 Sablin, Nicholas, 280, 281 Sheremetiev Palace, 386–387 sailors. See naval crews Sheremetievskaya, Nathalia (Countess Brassova), Saltykov, Prince, 397 59–61 Sam (Abyssinian Guard), 126 Shuvalov, Elizabeth, Countess (Betsy), 66, Samarin, Alexander, 318 144–145, 461–462 Sarov, Russia, 157–158 Shuvalov, Paul, Count, 66, 144 sauna rooms, 457 Sidorchyk, Serge, 190 Sazonov, Serge, 51, 66 Silver Drawing Room (Winter Palace), 179 Schinkel, Karl Friedrich, 210 silver service, of Alexander Palace, 125 Schneider, Catherine (Trina), 108 Skernevetski, 288 security skorokhodi (court runners), 405–406 of Imperial Court, 108–111, 184 Skoropadsky, Paul, 315 for state visits, 429–430, 433 Small Hermitage (Winter Palace), 172 Semi-Circular Hall (Alexander Palace), 126, 192 Small Throne Room (Winter Palace), 170–171 Senate, 23 Smolny Institute for Young Ladies of Noble Seraphim, Saint, 156–158 Birth, 28–29, 310 bindex.qxd 1/16/06 11:42 AM Page 556

556 INDEX

Snuff Box Room (Catherine Palace), 189 State Vestibule (Grand Kremlin Palace), 223 Sobstvennaya Polovina (Grand Kremlin Palace), state visits, 419–420 226 with England, 429–433 socialists, 44 with France, 420–426, 421, 422, 425, 468–469 Spala, 294–299 with Germany, 426–429, 433–435 Spiridovich, Alexander, 111, 394, 432 honorary titles, between states, 419, 428–429 St. George’s Hall (Winter Palace), 320, 321 with Saxony, 467 St. Isaac’s Cathedral, 23, 160–161, 163 Statues of the Imperial Family, 75–76 St. Petersburg, ii–iii, 3, 9–12, 22–25 Stead, W. T., 51 aristocratic lifestyle in, 453–459 steam baths, 456–457 chosen for wedding, 344 Steel Military Egg of 1916 (Fabergé), 264 climate of, 25–29 Stolypin, Peter, 43 cultural diversity of, 13–14 Stopford, Albert, 258 etiquette of social calls, 454–455 stores, 18–20, 114 funeral procession of Alexander III in, strannikii (holy men), 153 334–342, 335 Stremukhov, Peter, 399 Nevsky Prospekt, 14, 14–21, 15, 242, Stroganov Palace, 18 336–338, 345, 347, 354 succession laws, 40, 75–76 social season of 1914, 459–465 sud’ba (fate), 42–43, 153 Stackenschneider, Andrei, 24, 172, 210–211 Sumarakov-Elston, Felix, Count, 146 Standart, 274, 275, 278, 280, 420, 429, 466–467 Sumarakov-Elston, Nicholas, Count, 446–447 architecture of, 273–278 Summer Garden, 25 Charity Bazaar, 450–451 superstition fate of, 285–286 of aristocracy, 154 imperial lifestyle aboard, 278–285 coronation events and, 369, 377 near sinking of, 282–283 of public, about Alexandra, 338 state visits, 430–433 Standart Egg (Fabergé), 264 starets (spiritual guides), 153 Table of Ranks (Chin), xii, 104, 406 State Apartments Tanyeev, Alexander, 101, 107 Alexander Palace, 192–202 Tartars, 145, 438, 439 Catherine Palace, 186 Tatiana Nikolaievna, Grand Duchess, 38–39, 106, Grand Palace, 205–206 211 State Bedchamber (Grand Kremlin Palace), 225 aboard Standart, 277–280, 278, 280 State Bedroom (Grand Palace), 207 at Alexander Palace, 194–195 State Dining Room (Catherine Palace), 187 at Alexei’s christening, 314 State Drawing Room (Grand Kremlin Palace), assassination of, 401 225 balls in honor of, 462–463, 465–466 State Opening of Duma (April 27, 1906), 261, clothing of, 248 320, 321–323 at Livadia, 450 State Parade Antechamber (Grand Kremlin military duties of, 135, 135 Palace), 222 photos of, 37, 135, 278, 280, 283, 472 bindex.qxd 1/16/06 11:42 AM Page 557

INDEX 557

at Romanov Tercentenary, 394, 399 Tsaritsa’s Golden Chamber, 221 on state visit, 432 Tsaritsyn Pavilion (Peterhof), 209 at White Palace, 444 Tsar Mikhail Feodorovich, 397–398, 400 World War I, start of, 472 Tsarskoye Selo, 146, 198, 200 Tchaikovsky, Peter, 88 Alexander Park, 189–190 Teliakovsky, Vladimir, 72 Catherine Palace, 185–189 Tercentenary, of Romanov Dynasty, 391, 393 Feodorovsky Cathedral, 190–191 Kostroma ceremonies, 397–401 horses stables, 269 Manifesto, 390–391 Nicholas II and Alexandra’s living quarters, Moscow ceremonies, 401 192–202 souvenirs, 389–390 Palace of Battles, 190 St. Petersburg ceremonies, 391–397 White Palace, 190 Terem Palace, 221, 222 See also Alexander Palace Their Majesties’ Processions, 304–306, 370 tsar/tsaritsa/tsesarevich, titles of, xi, 3 Theodosius of Chernigov, Saint, 156 tuberculosis, 448–451 Theophan, Archimendrite, 153, 155–156 Tutelberg, Marie (Tudels), 115–116 Throne Room (Grand Palace), 205 tutors, of Romanov children, 120–121 thrones Tuvolkov, Vassili, 204 Diamond Throne of Tsar Alexei, 255 jeweled, 255 Throne of Ivan the Terrible, 255, 374 ukase, issued November 1893, 345 Throne of Tsar Alexei, 374 Thyra, Queen of Hanover, 433 tiaras, 254, 257, 260 Vallin de la Mothe, Jean Baptiste, 18, 24, 172, Times (London), 429–430 205–206 titles of Russian nobility, xi–xii Vanderbilt, Consuelo, 63 Tiurin, Evgraf, 219 Vasilevskiy Island, 22–23, 455–456 Tiutcheva, Sophie, 120 Vasnestov, Victor, 191, 380 tombs, 21 Vassiliev, Father Alexander, 103, 120 Tomishko, Anthony, 213 Vatican, 359 Ton, Konstantin, 222 Velepolsky, Vladislav, Count, 296, 298 Tower, Charlemagne, 246 Velten, Yuri, 25, 205 toys, of Romanov children, 192 Vera Konstantinovna, Grand Duchess, 86 transportation, 267–268 Versailles, 183, 426 carriages, 268–270 Victoria, Princess of Hesse, 348 motorcars, 270–271, 424 Victoria, Queen of England, 256, 295, 359, 420 trains, 267, 271–273, 272 Alexandra and, 1, 259–260, 296, 349, 440 yachts, 273–275. See also Standart death of Alexander III and, 339, 340 Tressini, Domenico, 168 Vladimir and, 63 Triton Cloche Fountains (Peterhof), 208 Victoria and Albert III, 275, 430–433 Trubetskoy, Paul, Prince, 319–321 Victoria Melita, Grand Duchess (Ducky), 36, 72, Trubetskoy, Serge, Prince, 103, 110, 173 74 bindex.qxd 1/16/06 11:42 AM Page 558

558 INDEX

Viktoria Luise, Princess, 433–435 Rasputin and, 156 Vintonyuk, Sergeant-Major, 317–318 at Spala, 296–297 Vishnyakova, Marie, 120 Vladimir, Grand Duchess (Miechen), xii, 5, 37, 60, 63–69, 103, 317 waiters, 247 Charity Bazaar of, 405 wardrobe rooms, of Alexandra, 252 children of, 69–74 wedding, of Nicholas II and Alexandra clothing of, 245 courtship, 191–192, 213 Countess Shuvalov and, 461 events of, 349–355 exile, death of, 74 marriage, 36–37, 81, 249 jewels of, 257–258 preparations for, 343–349 at Medieval Costume Ball, 417, 417 West Chinese Lobby (Grand Palace), 205–206 at Nicholas Ball, 410 White Hall (White Palace), 441 at start of World War I, 473 White Palace, 190, 439–444, 442, 443, 449, Vladimir Alexandrovich, Grand Duke, 5, 60, 451–452 63–69, 335, 344, 456 Wilhelm, Crown Prince of Germany, 92 at Bielovezh, 291 Wilhelm, Prince of Sweden, 84–85 children of, 69–74 Wilhelm II, Kaiser of Germany, 37, 80, 140, at coronation of Nicholas II, 371, 374, 383 274–275, 312, 340 death of, 74 coronation representation, 359 Fabergé egg commissioned by, 264 Elizabeth Feodorovna and, 81 Vladimir Palace, 63, 68 Serge Alexandrovich and, 80 Volkov, Alexei, 116 state visits, 420, 426–429, 433–435 Von Grunwald, Artur, 268 Winter Palace, 10, 22, 174, 178, 181 Von Klenze, Leo, 173 ceremonies at, 305–310 Von Klodt, Peter, 17 construction of, 167–169 Von Korff, Paul, Baron, 101, 319 fire in, 168–169 Voronikhin, Andrei, 159 horse stables, 268 Voronov, Paul, 281 imperial balls at, 406–418 Vorontzov-Dashkov, Hilarion, Count, 98–99, 328, jewels kept in, 255, 262–263, 263 329, 331, 385 layout of, 169–177 coronation duties of, 358 Nicholas II and Alexandra’s living quarters, at wedding of Nicholas II and Alexandra, 345, 176–182 350 Romanov Tercentenary, 391, 392–395 Vorontzov Palace (Massandra), 131, 445 servants of, 113 Voyekov, Vladimir, 99, 109, 110, 120, 472, 475 St. George’s Hall, 320, 321 Vsevolozsky, Ivan, 103, 173, 383 start of World War I, 471–476, 472, 474 Vyrubov, Alexander, 107 wedding of Nicholas II and Alexandra, 343, Vyrubova, Anna, 38, 39, 101, 106, 107, 108, 459 345–353 aboard Standart, 282, 285 wireless room, of Standart, 279 on Alexander Palace lifestyle, 126 Witte, Serge, Count, 98, 154, 385, 386 in Crimea, 446 Wonlar-Larsky, Nadine, 412, 461 bindex.qxd 1/16/06 11:42 AM Page 559

INDEX 559

World War I, 47, 453, 467–469, 471–476 Yanishev, Father Ioann, 73, 103, 153, 315, Worth, Charles, 242, 243, 244 327–329, 352 Wortman, Richard, 6, 43, 316, 390 Yusupov, Felix, Prince, 52, 53, 69, 85, 146–147, Wrangel, Peter, Baron, 462 317 Wulfert, Vladimir, 59 at Livadia, 447 at Medieval Costume Ball, 417 wedding of, 463, 463–464 Xenia Alexandrovna, Grand Duchess, 24, 34, 36, Yusupov, Nicholas, Prince, 146–147 47, 52–54, 53, 55, 73 Yusupov, Zenaide, Princess, 146, 146–147, 417, childhood of, 49 447, 464 at coronation of Nicholas II, 383 Yusupov family, 145, 439 on death of George Alexandrovich, 57 Khodynka disaster and, 387 marriage of, 95 Zakharov, Andrei, 21 at Medieval Costume Ball, 416, 416 Zanotti, Madeleine, 115–116 Zelenetsky, Rostislav, 280 Zhukovskaya, Alexandra, 77 yachts. See Polar Star; Standart Yalta, 446 bindex.qxd 1/16/06 11:42 AM Page 560 bindex.qxd 1/16/06 11:42 AM Page 561 bindex.qxd 1/16/06 11:42 AM Page 562