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Catherine the Great and the Development of a Modern Russian Sovereignty, 1762-1796
Catherine the Great and the Development of a Modern Russian Sovereignty, 1762-1796 By Thomas Lucius Lowish A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Victoria Frede-Montemayor, Chair Professor Jonathan Sheehan Professor Kinch Hoekstra Spring 2021 Abstract Catherine the Great and the Development of a Modern Russian Sovereignty, 1762-1796 by Thomas Lucius Lowish Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Berkeley Professor Victoria Frede-Montemayor, Chair Historians of Russian monarchy have avoided the concept of sovereignty, choosing instead to describe how monarchs sought power, authority, or legitimacy. This dissertation, which centers on Catherine the Great, the empress of Russia between 1762 and 1796, takes on the concept of sovereignty as the exercise of supreme and untrammeled power, considered legitimate, and shows why sovereignty was itself the major desideratum. Sovereignty expressed parity with Western rulers, but it would allow Russian monarchs to bring order to their vast domain and to meaningfully govern the lives of their multitudinous subjects. This dissertation argues that Catherine the Great was a crucial figure in this process. Perceiving the confusion and disorder in how her predecessors exercised power, she recognized that sovereignty required both strong and consistent procedures as well as substantial collaboration with the broadest possible number of stakeholders. This was a modern conception of sovereignty, designed to regulate the swelling mechanisms of the Russian state. Catherine established her system through careful management of both her own activities and the institutions and servitors that she saw as integral to the system. -
The Ukrainian Weekly 2006, No.31
www.ukrweekly.com INSIDE:• Film distributors note success of “Cars” in Ukrainian — page 3. • Ukrainian studies at the University of Kansas — page 9. • Tennis and more tennis at Soyuzivka — page 13. Published by the Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternal non-profit association Vol. LXXIV No. 31 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JULY 30, 2006 $1/$2 in Ukraine BillionaireHE PinchukKRAINIAN promotes EEKLY T U As political crisisW continues in Ukraine, Ukraine’s membership in EU by Zenon Zawada from enormous gains as a result of such Yushchenkoby Zenon Zawada conveness akeroundtable of Ukraine by signing meeting a government Kyiv Press Bureau reforms and closer ties to Europe. Kyiv Press Bureau manifesto. Interpipe Corp. is among the world’s “We should unite around ensuring YALTA, Ukraine – To learn that largest pipe producers, having secured 4 KYIV – With his country mired in a national sovereignty, integrity of our bor- Viktor Pinchuk is among Ukraine’s percent of the world’s seamless pipe mar- political crisis, President Viktor ders and territory, embodiment of eco- biggest advocates for European Union ket, 10 percent of the global market in Yushchenko invited the leaders of nomic transformation, guaranteeing all (EU) membership may come as a sur- railway wheels and 11 percent of the Ukraine’s five parliamentary factions to democratic rights and freedoms that were prise, considering he worked against the manganese ferroalloys market, according find a way out during a roundtable meet- achieved,” he stated. Orange Revolution. to company information. ing held on July 27 at the Presidential Verkhovna Rada Chairman and Yet, for the past three years, the bil- While he sells the majority of his Secretariat. -
Echoes of Theatre O Stantkino
Deus conservat omnia (God preserves all) Sheremetev family Coat of Arms motto inner space is in no way aligned with Introduction the surrounding area. Yet, regardless A quick glance at any map of of their architectural “merits,” these the city of Moscow is enough to grasp buildings quite quickly became the striking similarity of its layout “rooted” in Moscow’s landscape and with a wheel; not a lightweight spin- their spiky silhouettes have become ning wheel, but a heavy, archaic, the landmarks of the city skyline and a coarse wooden wheel, heavily – something which has never hap- rolling over and grinding everything pened in Warsaw, where a similar that comes its way. That impression is “Stalin skyscraper” did not manage quite justified. Almost all new build- to integrate into the city landscape, ings in Moscow that would initially and to this day looks like something puzzle and amuse its residents never alien and out of place. seemed to fit the city landscape. With It is quite interesting that many the passage of time, however, some- well -known Moscow architectural times it was a short and sometimes monuments, including the Church a very long period, they would be of the Assumption in Kolomenskoye absorbed by the city, and grinded and St. Basil’s Cathedral in the Red by this ever -spinning wheel, would Square, do look like pieces of sculp- become an organic attribute of the ture, as their external design is much Moscow’s landscape. more interesting, expressive and significant, than their interior space. These buildings were meant to be the Building of Moscow landmarks from the very beginning: since 1940 years the church in Kolomna was built to commemorate the birth of Ivan IV, The seven buildings that were and St. -
The Tsar's New Year's Eve Ball
The Tsar’s New Year’s Eve Ball A small, intimate group tour through St. Petersburg and Moscow The social season in Imperial St. Petersburg began in autumn and ended with the coming of Lent in March. If you know your Tolstoy then you will remember that it was a blinding social whirl, but one in which some occasions could not be missed – a new opera at the Mariinsky, a ball at which absolutely everybody who was anybody would attend, and a concert at the Philharmonic. Well, you can put your book down, come with us and live for a little while the lives of the Stroganovs, and the Yusupovs, because although the fashions have changed and the carriages are now in the museums, the season in St. Petersburg still very much exists. The Basics 7 nights in extraordinary, deluxe hotels in the center of each city Expertly planned small group touring with top local guides Entrance Fees to all the sites mentioned in the program 24-hour, English-speaking local assistance in case of emergency or changes Highlights of Exeter’s Tsar’s Ball Tour View the snow-covered gardens of Pavlovsk Palace from your private troika sled (weather permitting) Walk the uncrowded halls of the Hermitage with an expert guide Attend the event of the season – the Tsar’s Gala Ball at Catherine Palace Experience privately guided tours of the Diamond Vaults and the Armory Museum at the Kremlin Easy to Combine with: Copenhagen or Stockholm Berlin or Munich Vienna, Prague or Budapest Day 1 December 28 Wednesday St. -
St Petersburg 8
Plan Your Trip 12 ©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd St Petersburg “All you’ve got to do is decide to go and the hardest part is over. So go!” TONY WHEELER, COFOUNDER – LONELY PLANET Regis St Louis, Simon Richmond Contents PlanPlan Your Your Trip Trip page 1 4 Welcome to Top Itineraries ���������������20 Travelling to Moscow ����36 St Petersburg ������������������ 4 If You Like� ����������������������22 Museums St Petersburg’s Month by Month ������������24 & Galleries �������������������37 Top 10 ������������������������������� 6 With Kids ������������������������26 Eating ���������������������������39 What’s New �������������������� 13 Money-Saving Tips �������28 Drinking Need to Know �����������������14 & Nightlife ������������������ 43 Visas �������������������������������29 First Time Entertainment ������������ 46 St Petersburg �����������������16 Tours & Activities �����������31 Shopping ��������������������� 48 Getting Around �������������� 18 Visiting on a Cruise �������34 Explore St Petersburg 50 Historic Heart ����������������54 Vasilyevsky Island ������� 143 Day Trips from Sennaya & Kolomna ���104 Petrograd & St Petersburg ������������ 173 Vyborg Sides ��������������� 154 Smolny & Sleeping ���������������������186 Vosstaniya ��������������������121 Understand St Petersburg 197 St Petersburg History ������������������������� 200 Arts �������������������������������226 Today ���������������������������� 198 Architecture ����������������� 219 Literature ���������������������236 Survival Guide 241 Transport ���������������������242 -
Russian Museums Visit More Than 80 Million Visitors, 1/3 of Who Are Visitors Under 18
Moscow 4 There are more than 3000 museums (and about 72 000 museum workers) in Russian Moscow region 92 Federation, not including school and company museums. Every year Russian museums visit more than 80 million visitors, 1/3 of who are visitors under 18 There are about 650 individual and institutional members in ICOM Russia. During two last St. Petersburg 117 years ICOM Russia membership was rapidly increasing more than 20% (or about 100 new members) a year Northwestern region 160 You will find the information aboutICOM Russia members in this book. All members (individual and institutional) are divided in two big groups – Museums which are institutional members of ICOM or are represented by individual members and Organizations. All the museums in this book are distributed by regional principle. Organizations are structured in profile groups Central region 192 Volga river region 224 Many thanks to all the museums who offered their help and assistance in the making of this collection South of Russia 258 Special thanks to Urals 270 Museum creation and consulting Culture heritage security in Russia with 3M(tm)Novec(tm)1230 Siberia and Far East 284 © ICOM Russia, 2012 Organizations 322 © K. Novokhatko, A. Gnedovsky, N. Kazantseva, O. Guzewska – compiling, translation, editing, 2012 [email protected] www.icom.org.ru © Leo Tolstoy museum-estate “Yasnaya Polyana”, design, 2012 Moscow MOSCOW A. N. SCRiAbiN MEMORiAl Capital of Russia. Major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation center of Russia and the continent MUSEUM Highlights: First reference to Moscow dates from 1147 when Moscow was already a pretty big town. -
The City's Memory: Texts of Preservation and Loss in Imperial St. Petersburg Julie Buckler, Harvard University Petersburg's Im
The City’s Memory: Texts of Preservation and Loss in Imperial St. Petersburg Julie Buckler, Harvard University Petersburg's imperial-era chroniclers have displayed a persistent, paradoxical obsession with this very young city's history and memory. Count Francesco Algarotti was among the first to exhibit this curious conflation of old and new, although he seems to have been influenced by sentiments generally in the air during the early eighteenth century. Algarotti attributed the dilapidated state of the grand palaces along the banks of the Neva to the haste with which these residences had been constructed by members of the court whom Peter the Great had obliged to move from Moscow to the new capital: [I]t is easy to see that [the palaces] were built out of obedience rather than choice. Their walls are all cracked, quite out of perpendicular, and ready to fall. It has been wittily enough said, that ruins make themselves in other places, but that they were built at Petersburg. Accordingly, it is necessary every moment, in this new capital, to repair the foundations of the buildings, and its inhabitants built incessantly; as well for this reason, as on account of the instability of the ground and of the bad quality of the materials.1 In a similar vein, William Kinglake, who visited Petersburg in the mid-1840s, scornfully advised travelers to admire the city by moonlight, so as to avoid seeing, “with too critical an eye, plaster scaling from the white-washed walls, and frost-cracks rending the painted 1Francesco Algarotti, “Letters from Count Algarotti to Lord Hervey and the Marquis Scipio Maffei,” Letter IV, June 30, 1739. -
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INDOOR AIR Q~ALITY IN MUSEUMS AND HISTORICAL BUILDINGS IN ST. PETERSBURG AND IN NORTH-WEST REGION OF RUSSIA V.D.Korkin Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture by name I.Repi& Russia ABSTRACT This presentation deals with the problem of achieving stable microclimate in old buddmgs of St Petersburg - such as churches, museums and palaces. Characteristic traits of such buildings are rather thick envelops which as a rule accumulate large quantities of heat or cold. The majority of these buildings are equipped only with central water heating and are naturally ventilated. Experimental study of microclimate in buildings of this kind proves that during cold season (with average temperature -10”C)the relative humidity there will be about 30-35% and less. In summer time temperature background does not rise above 22-24°C whereas the relative humidity sometimes can rise up to 75-80Y0. Eventually we should like to note that climate parameters of St Petersburg can be taken as a characteristic for entire Norten-West of Russia. Inserting into such buildings air conditioning systems (provided with cooling plants and devices for automatic control) does not aways give positive results. With consideration of climate features of the region and peculiarities of the buildings we worked out system which helps to maintain stable microclimate, special attention to thermrd inertia of walls included. This decision will give an oppotiunity to reduce a load on heating system at any rate to 15-20%. It will also give the chance for adiabatic humidity control in winter which is nessessary for the humidity control. -
Background Guide, and to Issac and Stasya for Being Great Friends During Our Weird Chicago Summer
Russian Duma 1917 (DUMA) MUNUC 33 ONLINE 1 Russian Duma 1917 (DUMA) | MUNUC 33 Online TABLE OF CONTENTS ______________________________________________________ CHAIR LETTERS………………………….….………………………….……..….3 ROOM MECHANICS…………………………………………………………… 6 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM………………………….……………..…………......9 HISTORY OF THE PROBLEM………………………………………………………….16 ROSTER……………………………………………………….………………………..23 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………..…………….. 46 2 Russian Duma 1917 (DUMA) | MUNUC 33 Online CHAIR LETTERS ____________________________________________________ My Fellow Russians, We stand today on the edge of a great crisis. Our nation has never been more divided, more war- stricken, more fearful of the future. Yet, the promise and the greatness of Russia remains undaunted. The Russian Provisional Government can and will overcome these challenges and lead our Motherland into the dawn of a new day. Out of character. To introduce myself, I’m a fourth-year Economics and History double major, currently writing a BA thesis on World War II rationing in the United States. I compete on UChicago’s travel team and I additionally am a CD for our college conference. Besides that, I am the VP of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity, previously a member of an all-men a cappella group and a proud procrastinator. This letter, for example, is about a month late. We decided to run this committee for a multitude of reasons, but I personally think that Russian in 1917 represents such a critical point in history. In an unlikely way, the most autocratic regime on Earth became replaced with a socialist state. The story of this dramatic shift in government and ideology represents, to me, one of the most interesting parts of history: that sometimes facts can be stranger than fiction. -
The Ukrainian Weekly 2001, No.37
www.ukrweekly.com INSIDE:• Verkhovna Rada finally passes election law — page 3. •A journal from SUM’s World Zlet in Ukraine — pages 10-11. • Soyuzivka’s end-of-summer ritual — centerfold. Published by the Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternal non-profit association Vol. LXIX HE No.KRAINIAN 37 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 16, 2001 EEKLY$1/$2 in Ukraine UKRAINE REACTS TO TERRORIST ATTACKS ON U.S. EU Tand UkraineU W by Roman Woronowycz President Leonid Kuchma, who had and condemned the attacks, according to Kyiv Press Bureau just concluded the Ukraine-European Interfax-Ukraine. meet in Yalta Union summit in Yalta with European “We mourn those who died in this act KYIV – Ukraine led the international Commission President Romano Prodi and response to the unprecedented terrorist of terrorism,” said Mr. Prodi. European Union Secretary of Foreign and Immediately upon his return from for third summit attacks on Washington and New York on Security Policy Javier Solana on by Roman Woronowycz September 11 when its Permanent Yalta, President Kuchma first called a Kyiv Press Bureau September 11, issued a statement express- special meeting of the National Security Mission to the United Nations called a ing shock and offering condolences. and Defense Council for the next day and KYIV – Leaders of the European special meeting of the U.N. Security Messrs. Prodi and Solana, who were at Union and Ukraine met in Yalta, Crimea, Council to coordinate global reaction. Symferopol Airport in Crimea on their then went on national television to call For security reasons, the meeting was on September 10-11 for their third annu- way back to Brussels, expressed shock (Continued on page 23) al summit – the first in Ukraine – which held outside the confines of the United had been advertised as a turning point Nations at the mission headquarters of during which relations would move from the Ukrainian delegation in New York. -
Russian Art, Icons + Antiques
RUSSIAN ART, ICONS + ANTIQUES International auction 872 1401 - 1580 RUSSIAN ART, ICONS + ANTIQUES Including The Commercial Attaché Richard Zeiner-Henriksen Russian Collection International auction 872 AUCTION Friday 9 June 2017, 2 pm PREVIEW Wednesday 24 May 3 pm - 6 pm Thursday 25 May Public Holiday Friday 26 May 11 am - 5 pm Saturday 27 May 11 am - 4 pm Sunday 28 May 11 am - 4 pm Monday 29 May 11 am - 5 pm or by appointment Bredgade 33 · DK-1260 Copenhagen K · Tel +45 8818 1111 · Fax +45 8818 1112 [email protected] · bruun-rasmussen.com 872_russisk_s001-188.indd 1 28/04/17 16.28 Коллекция коммерческого атташе Ричарда Зейнера-Хенриксена и другие русские шедевры В течение 19 века Россия переживала стремительную трансформацию - бушевала индустриализация, модернизировалось сельское хозяйство, расширялась инфраструктура и создавалась обширная телеграфная система. Это представило новые возможности для международных деловых отношений, и известные компании, такие как датская Бурмэйстер энд Вэйн (В&W), Восточно-Азиатская Компания (EAC) и Компания Грэйт Норсерн Телеграф (GNT) открыли офисы в России и внесли свой вклад в развитие страны. Большое количество скандинавов выехало на Восток в поисках своей удачи в растущей деловой жизни и промышленности России. Среди многочисленных путешественников возникало сильное увлечение культурой страны, что привело к созданию высококачественных коллекций русского искусства. Именно по этой причине сегодня в Скандинавии так много предметов русского антиквариата, некоторые из которых будут выставлены на этом аукционе. Самые значимые из них будут ещё до аукциона выставлены в посольстве Дании в Лондоне во время «Недели Русского Искусства». Для более подробной информации смотри страницу 9. Изюминкой аукциона, без сомнения, станет Русская коллекция Ричарда Зейнера-Хенриксена, норвежского коммерческого атташе. -
St. Petersburg Is Recognized As One of the Most Beautiful Cities in the World. This City of a Unique Fate Attracts Lots of Touri
I love you, Peter’s great creation, St. Petersburg is recognized as one of the most I love your view of stern and grace, beautiful cities in the world. This city of a unique fate The Neva wave’s regal procession, The grayish granite – her bank’s dress, attracts lots of tourists every year. Founded in 1703 The airy iron-casting fences, by Peter the Great, St. Petersburg is today the cultural The gentle transparent twilight, capital of Russia and the second largest metropolis The moonless gleam of your of Russia. The architectural look of the city was nights restless, When I so easy read and write created while Petersburg was the capital of the Without a lamp in my room lone, Russian Empire. The greatest architects of their time And seen is each huge buildings’ stone worked at creating palaces and parks, cathedrals and Of the left streets, and is so bright The Admiralty spire’s flight… squares: Domenico Trezzini, Jean-Baptiste Le Blond, Georg Mattarnovi among many others. A. S. Pushkin, First named Saint Petersburg in honor of the a fragment from the poem Apostle Peter, the city on the Neva changed its name “The Bronze Horseman” three times in the XX century. During World War I, the city was renamed Petrograd, and after the death of the leader of the world revolution in 1924, Petrograd became Leningrad. The first mayor, Anatoly Sobchak, returned the city its historical name in 1991. It has been said that it is impossible to get acquainted with all the beauties of St.