Name: ______Date: ______Social Studies 8

8th Grade United States History Final Review

Final Exam is on Monday, June 17, 2019 Your teacher will tell you which room to go to for your test.

Name: ______Teacher:______Parent Name/ Signature:______

Copies of this packet are also available on your teacher’s website.

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WESTWARD EXPANSION

o Please define the vocabulary below as you complete the T-chart on the following page to highlight the positive and negative impact of Americans expanding westward.

Transcontinental Railroad Boomtown Dawes Act

Wounded Knee Promontory Homestead Act

Ghost Dance Reservations

POSTIVE Impact NEGATIVE Impact

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THE RISE OF INDUSTRY

o Please match the vocabulary term with the correct definition.

Vocabulary Definitions A. Company that controls all or nearly all business in an industry ___ Corporation B. Negotiation between company management and a union representing a group ___ Monopoly of workers about wages, benefits and working conditions

___ Trust C. Economic system in which privately owned business decides what to produce, how to much to produce, and what prices to charge ___ Free enterprise D. Business owned by many investors ___ Collective Bargaining E. A group of corporations run by a single board of investors

o Please answer the following questions in complete sentences.

1. What methods did business owners use to make industry more efficient?

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2. What methods were used by big business owners to eliminate competition?

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3. Describe working conditions in a factory in the late 1800s/early 1900s.

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4. Why was there an effort to organize workers into labor unions? ______3 ______

IMMIGRATION

o Please complete the following table.

Push Factors Pull Factors

Definition: Definition:

Examples: Examples:

o Please match the following terms with the correct definition.

______POGROMS A. A person who wants to limit immigration to preserve the U.S. for native born white Protestants.

______STEERAGE B. Requirements for new buildings to have fire escapes and plumbing.

______ASSIMILATION C. Small apartments with no windows, no heat, and no bathrooms.

______ACCULTURATION D. Sensational reporting such as printing scandals, crime stories, and gossip.

______NATIVIST E. Organized attacks on Jewish villages (especially in Russia).

______CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT F. Process of becoming part of another culture.

______TENEMENT G. Airless decks below deck on a ship.

______BUILDING CODES H. Process of holding onto old traditions while adapting to a new culture.

______YELLOW JOURNALISM I. Law that did not allow Chinese laborers to enter

the country.

____ EMMA LAZARUS J. Her pro-immigration poem, The New Colossus located on the State of Liberty. 4

THE PROGRESSIVE ERA

o Please complete the following muckrakers chart. MUCKRAKER PROBLEM EXPOSED BY METHOD USED TO REFORM(S) MADE THE MUCKRAKER EXPOSE PROBLEM AS A RESULT

THOMAS NAST CARTOONS

MAGAZINE ARTICLES IDA TARBELL “THE HISTORY OF STANDARD OIL”

UPTON SINCLAIR BOOK- “THE JUNGLE”

JACOB RIIS PHOTOGRAPHY- “HOW THE OTHER HALF LIVES”

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Trustbuster Seneca Falls Convention Conservation Boss Tweed Pure Food & Drug Act Progressive Booker T. Washington Theodore Roosevelt W.E.B. DuBois Sherman Anti-Trust Act

1. Nickname of Theodore Roosevelt for his strong support of business regulation (control). ______

2. President from 1901-1909, supported business regulation. ______

3. Protection of natural resources. ______

4. Theodore Roosevelt ran under this political party during the election of 1912. ______

5. Political boss who created the famous political machine, Tammany Hall. ______

6. Law that required food and drug makers to list ingredients on their packages so the public was informed of what they were buying. ______

7. Urged American to learn trades, education, and earn money. Equality would come later. ______

8. Believed African Americans should insist immediately on their rights!! ______

9. 1848 meeting that took place in New York where women leaders such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and

Lucretia Mott met to discuss women’s rights. ______

10. Law that allowed the government to regulate (control) unfair business practices by railroads (Ex. Government eliminated illegal rebates and the formation of pools). ______

o Please complete the chart outlining the Constitutional Amendments from the Progressive Era.

16th - T (1913)

17th - S (1913)

18th - A (1919)

19th - W (1920)

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OVERSEAS EXPANSION: THE U.S. BECOMES A WORLD POWER o Define Imperialism: ______

______

______o Why did the United States want to expand overseas?

List 3 reasons.

1. ______

2. ______

3. ______o Please match the following Vocabulary definitions:

_____ 1. Annex A. Extending a country’s national boundaries.

_____ 2. Expansionism B. Reporting of sensational stories and headlines.

_____ 3. Isolationism C. Having little to do with the affairs of other nations. (Washington’s Farewell Address).

_____ 4. Yellow Journalism D. To add on.

o Describe the United States’ acquisitions of Alaska and Hawaii: Alaska Hawaii Why? Why?

How? How?

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1. What was the immediate cause of the Spanish American War? ______

2. Why did the United States want to build a canal across Panama? (give 2 reasons) ______

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3. “If we intend to say ‘Hands off’ to the powers of Europe, then sooner or later we must keep order ourselves.” - Theodore Roosevelt

What was the Roosevelt Corollary and how does it relate to the Monroe Doctrine?

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WORLD WAR I (1914-1918) In 1914, a massive war broke out in Europe. Although the United States at first remained neutral, the nation eventually got involved. The conflict, which we now know as World War I, had important effects both at home and in the world.

o Please explain how each of the following helped to cause World War I:

Term Definition How it helped to cause World War I Militarism Building up of strong armed forces

Agreement between nations to protect Alliances each other

Pride in one’s nation Nationalism

Powerful countries take over weaker countries Imperialism

No international peacekeeping organization Anarchy

Assassination Crisis

8 o Please fill in the members of the Allied Powers and Central Powers.

Allied Powers: ______Central Powers: ______

THE UNITED STATES ENTERS WORLD WAR I (1917) President Woodrow Wilson had some definite opinions about the war in Europe. In the beginning, he clearly stated that the U.S. would be neutral. But, as the war intensified, both the central and the Allied powers took and sometimes destroyed American property. Their navies sometimes interfered with U.S. shipping to prevent American food and supplies from reaching their enemies.

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

Join with Germany

and you get a bit of United States

Date- May 7, 1915 Date- January 19, 1917

Name of ship? ______Name of note? ______

What happened? ______What happened? ______

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o Please match the term with the definition. o propaganda League of Nations self-determination Selective Service Act

U-boats reparations Treaty of Versailles Fourteen Points

1. German submarines ______

2. Payments for war damages ______

3. Right for nations to choose their own form of government ______

4. President Wilson’s plan for peace after World War I ______

5. The military draft ______

6. Its harsh terms left Germany in a depression ______

7. World peacekeeping organization formed after WWI- the U.S. never joined______

8. Used to persuade others to support your cause or oppose another cause ______

THE ROARING TWENTIES

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Installment Buying On Margin Prohibition Stock Langston Hughes Flapper Harlem Renaissance Speakeasies Bootleggers Bull Market

o Based on the images on previous page and vocabulary above, EXPLAIN the social and economic changes that occurred during the 1920s.

SOCIAL changes of the 1920s… ECONOMIC changes of the 1920s…

THE GREAT DEPRESSION AND NEW DEAL

o Please complete the box chart with the causes of the Great Depression.

Causes of the Great Depression (Why did the Depression occur?):

Immediate Cause

How were people affected by the Great Depression? ______

______

What were President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s (FDR’s) goals for ending the Great Depression?

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Explain the main idea of the political cartoon illustrated above.

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Name of the New Deal Program Purpose of the Program Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

Social Security Act

WORLD WAR II o Please complete the box chart.

Country Type of Government Leader

Germany Nazi Dictatorship (Fascist)

Soviet Union Communist Dictatorship

Italy Fascist Dictatorship

Japan Military Dictatorship

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o Place the events from the bank into the proper order in the flowchart. o below.Germany invades Poland Hitler invades Austria Munich Conference Hitler invades Czechoslovakia

GERMAN AGGRESSION LEADS TO WWII IN EUROPE

WWII begins in Europe \\Euroep

PEARL HARBOR ATTACK ON DECEMBER 7, 1941

Causes: Effect:

o Why were Japanese Americans placed in internment camps during World War II?

o Identify at least FOUR examples of how American citizens contributed to the war effort:

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IMPORTANT BATTLES OF WORLD WAR II

World War II in the PACIFIC World War II in EUROPE

Explain how each of the following were turning points in World War II:

The Battle of Midway The Invasion of Normandy (D-Day)

Define “Island Hopping.” ______

Why did the allies use this strategy? ______

Give two reasons for using the atomic bomb on Japan What was President Truman’s * Decision?

*

Give two reasons against using the atomic bomb on Japan

*

* What was the outcome of the Nuremburg Trials? ______

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COLD WAR

Please create a bulleted summary of the Cold War in Europe. Use the The Cold War in Europe following terms in your summary: Iron Curtain, Berlin Airlift, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, containment.

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The Korean War Please create a bulleted summary of the Korean War. Use the following terms in your summary: 38 parallel, United Nations, Dwight Eisenhower, North Korea, South Korea, DMZ, containment.

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The Cold War at Home Please create a bulleted summary of the Cold War in the U.S in the 1950s and early 1960s. Use the following terms in your summary: “duck and cover”, Red Scare, McCarthy.

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The Cuban Missile Crisis Please create a bulleted summary of the Cuban Missile Crisis. Use the following terms in your summary: Soviet Union, Missiles, Blockade, John F.

Kennedy, Nikita Khrushchev, Fidel Castro.

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The Vietnam War and Please create a bulleted summary of the Vietnam War and the reaction to it in the U.S.: Use the following terms in your summary: domino theory, the Reaction at Home escalation, Gulf of Tonkin incident, Tet Offensive, Vietcong, Ho Chi Minh, North Vietnam, South Vietnam, containment, draft, “hawks vs. doves,” counterculture.

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End of the Cold War Please create a bulleted summary of the end of the Cold War. Use the following in your summary: détente, Ronald Reagan, Mikhail Gorbachev, fall of the Berlin Wall, breakup of the Soviet Union.

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RECONSTRUCTION: REUNITING THE COUNTRY (1865-1877)

In 1865, the Civil War ended. The Confederacy surrendered and the nation would be reunited. The war ended slavery and reunited the North and the South. After the war, the nation faced the task of rebuilding the ______— a region ruined by war. Beginning in 1865, three amendments were ratified that changed the Constitution. These amendments are known as the “Civil War,” or “Reconstruction” amendments. The _____ amendment abolished slavery, the _____ amendment guaranteed citizenship and the _____ amendment guaranteed African American males the right to vote. White southern leaders wanted to keep African Americans from voting. Because of the 15th amendment, however, they could not make a law specifically stating that African Americans could not ______. They made other laws, however, that would have the same effect. The ______required that southerners pay to vote. Many African Americans in the south were poor and could not afford to pay it. Many southern governments required that voters pass a ______in order to vote. Many African Americans could not read well and did not pass the tests. There were, of course, white people who could not afford the poll taxes or pass the literacy tests. Whites bypassed the tax and the test, however, because of the ______. This stated that anyone whose grandfather voted had the right to vote without paying a tax or passing a test. This would not work for African Americans because most of their grandfathers had been ______and not able to ______. These laws kept African Americans in the South from voting for nearly a century. During the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s, these laws were finally overturned. Southern states also created a network of laws requiring ______, or enforced separation of races. These so-called Jim Crow laws prohibited the mixing of races in almost every aspect of life. In the 1896 court case ______, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a law could require “separate” facilities, so long as they were “equal.” This “separate but ______” rule was in effect until the 1950s. In fact, facilities for African Americans were rarely equal.

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The Civil Rights Movement Response Questions o Directions: Answer the following questions.

1. In what ways have African Americans been denied equal rights?

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2. What methods did civil rights leaders use to attempt to end segregation in the 1950s and 1960s?

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3. How has the federal government tried to end inequality faced by African Americans since 1950?

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The Watergate Scandal

What was the issue? How was it resolved?

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