THte AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL

Underwood & Underwood CORDELL HULL Secretary of State

APRIL, 1933 Photo by Hon. Wilbur ./. Carr THE

FOREIGN S JOURNAL

PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION

VOL. X, No. 4 WASHINGTON, D. C. APRIL, 1933 Cordell Hull, Secretary of State

THE nomination by President Roosevelt of “we all worked in the farm and timber business.” Senator Cordell Hull, of Tennessee, was, Mr. Hull began the practice of law at Celina, together with the other members of the new Tenn., but after his return from the Spanish- Cabinet, confirmed by the Senate on March 4, and American War he moved his residence to Gains- the same afternoon he with the other Cabinet boro and resumed the practice of law. His ability officers took the oath of office at the White House. as a party leader was shown when he served as The new administration in this manner was able chairman of the Democratic National Committee at once to get to work. from 1921 to 1924. The tact he displayed in that According to the Congressional Directory, Mr. position stimulated party harmony and his free¬ Hull was born October 2, 1871, in Overton (now dom from any display of factionalism produced an Pickett) County, Tenn.; is a citizen of Smith era of good feeling within the party. As chair¬ County; was graduated from the law department man, Mr. Hull paid off a debt of $250,000 carried of Cumberland University, Lebanon, Tenn., and over from the 1920 campaign. A keen student of is a lawyer by profession; was a member of the finance and taxation, particularly as they relate lower house of the Tennessee Legislature two to international trade, Cordell Hull has long been terms; served in the Fourth Regiment Tenn. Vol¬ regarded as perhaps the outstanding authority on unteer Infantry during the Spanish-American tariffs within the ranks of the Democratic Part)'. War, with the rank of captain; later was first Mr. Hull’s strength as a speaker lies in complete appointed by the governor and afterwards elected mastery of his subject matter and an ability to judge of the fifth judicial circuit of Tennessee, group fact with argument. which position he resigned during his race for Another Associated Press article described Sec¬ Congress; was elected to the Sixtieth, Sixty-first, retary Hull thus: “A tall, serious Tennessean; Sixty-second, Sixty-third, Sixty-fourth, Sixty- lawyer and former Senator with economics and fifth, Sixty-sixth, Sixty-eighth, Sixty-ninth, tariff his hobby; a tireless student who has spent Seventieth, and Seventy-first Congresses; chair¬ most of his 61 years in public service.” man, Democratic National Committee, 1921-1924; The Washington Star, commending on Mr. author of income tax system, 1913, and of the Hull’s career, said: “To his colleagues his com¬ revised act of 1916; also author of Federal estate mand of involved statistics is remarkable. Any¬ or inheritance act of 1916; elected to the United thing pertaining to economics challenges his at¬ States Senate on November 4, 1930 (his term of tention.” As indicating his possible attitude on office to expire March 3, 1937) receiving 154,131 world issues, the following quotations from recent votes and his opponent 58,654 votes. statements made by Mr. Hull were given by the From an Associated Press account of Mr. Star: “Economic disarmament and military dis¬ Hull’s career the further facts are learned that armament are patently the two most vital and out¬ his father was a large land owner in Pickett standing factors in business.” “The absurd at¬ County, Tenn., where as Mr. Cordell Hull stated tempt of every nation to live unto itself and aloof 121 from others has resulted in a breakdown of inter¬ ‘negotiated or reciprocal tariffs, by which reduc¬ national credit, finance, exchange and trade.” tions in our own duties would be exchanged for The same newspaper in an article entitled: “Se¬ concessions by other nations.’ ” lection of Hull Suggests Diplomacy in Trade The Christian Science Monitor said: Above Channels” said: “Selection of Senator Hull as his other personal cjualities, Senator Cordell Hull Secretary of State in the Roosevelt administra¬ inspires confidence. Where is the diplomat—or tion gives the impression to the country that the President for that matter—who would not pour diplomacy of the United States will be directed his troubles into Cordell Hull’s sympathetic ear? toward the solution of the problems of foreign No supermanness, no rarified audience-chamber trade. He is ranked as the leading exponent of aureole, or cocksure brilliance or overconfident low tariff, and is credited with outstanding ability legalism characterize Senator Hull. He is calm, in dealing with the general policies of govern¬ sympathetic, friendly, unassuming. In one domi¬ ment.” nant respect, the new Secretary of State is an authority. He has mastered trade and tariff “He is a gentleman and a scholar, a nationally problems as have few men. This is his approach recognized authority on constitutional law,” says to all the problems which will confront him. the Columbus, Ohio, State Journal, with the com¬ Another writer in the Washington Star says ment that “except for geographical reasons, prob¬ that Secretary Hull has no other hobby than eco¬ ably he would at one time or another have been nomics. “He doesn’t golf, nor does he shoot or the Democratic nominee for President.” Ranking fish, or indulge in any of the usual forms of recre¬ him as “the foremost advocate of low tariffs,” the ation. Joe Byrns, of Tennessee, probably his Charleston (S. C.) News and Courier holds that closest friend in Congress, says he gets his recrea¬ “his appointment will be received by every coun¬ tion in thinking, in deep thinking.” try as a sign that the Roosevelt administration William Hard, in the same publication, describ¬ will strive to break down the barriers of trade ing Mr. Hull, says: “He is outwardly—and in¬ now causing unemployment and poverty in them.” wardly—gentle, gracious, unhurried, unruffled, His position “as a leader in economic knowl¬ simple, serene. He is an integrated adjustment edge, in habits of industry, in knowledge of tariff of purpose and of poise. This quality in him— history and principles and in matters of taxation” the quality of being at peace within himself—can is attested by the Omaha World-Herald, which come only to men of one type. It can come only adds that he “seems ideally suited to bring about to men whose outward actions are in full con¬ a happy relation between President and Senate, formity with their inward spiritual impulses.” as well as to carry out Mr. Roosevelt’s program." The Charlotte Observer holds that he “goes into office under firm conviction that sane and realistic Sail on, O ship of State! cooperation between the United States and all Sail on, O Union, strong and great! nations is needed to set the affairs of the world in Humanity with all its fears, good shape.” With all the hopes of future years, Is hanging breathless on thy fate! The Baltimore Sun said: “The appointment of We know what Master laid thy keel, Senator Hull to be Secretary of State constitutes What Workman wrought thv ribs of steel. an executive validation of the policy of enlightened Who made each mast, and sail, and rope, international trade relations, of which he has not What anvils rang, what hammers heat, only been a profound student, but a consistent In what a forge and what a heat, and forceful protagonist. And, with the United Were shaped the anchors of thy hope! States in a position of leadership in world trade Fear not each sudden sound and shock, policy, that stand by Mr. Roosevelt becomes a ’Tis of the wave and not the rock; matter of first-rate world importance.” ’Tis but the flapping of the sail, The Rochester Times-Union added: “Senator And not a rent made by the gale. Hull is especially known as a staunch upholder of In spite of rock and tempest’s roar, the traditional low tariff policy, from which his In spite of false lights on the shore, party has somewhat receded in recent years. In Sail on, nor fear to breast the sea! this connection, he has devoted much study to Our hearts, our hopes, are all with thee, world economic conditions, especially since assum¬ Our hearts, our hopes, our prayers, our tears, ing his seat in the Upper House. Selection of Our faith triumphant o’er our fears. Senator Hull to head the State Department re¬ Are all with thee—are all with thee! calls advocacy by Mr. Roosevelt of the idea of —Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. 122 Luncheon in Honor of Secretary Stimson

THE members of the American Foreign for Arbitration, which was never ratified, we went Service Association gave a luncheon at the as far as, if not further than, anyone has ever New Willard Hotel, Washington, at 1 :15 gone in the direction of settling by arbitration dis¬ p. m., Tuesday, February 28, 1933, in honor of the putes of whatever character. When the World Secretary of State. War came, there was a great recession, much of Mr. Homer M. Byington, chairman of the Ex¬ the ground that had been gained in the preceding ecutive Committee of the Foreign Service Asso¬ centuries was lost, and we joined in the general ciation, introduced the Honorable J. Reuben retreat. I have always thought that neither the Clark, American Ambassodar to Mexico, who necessity nor our traditions justified that retreat. spoke as folows: With that background, 1 want to say, Mr. Sec¬ Mr. Secretary, this group has honored me with retary, that through your ability it has been your the task of trying to tell you how large a place privilege to recover some of the ground which you occupy in our esteem, our affection and our was lost. I shall not try to catalogue the instances respect. Seriously, Mr. Secretary, I have not in which this has been done but I do want to refer words adequate to express to you the warm feel¬ to your action in the matter of international under¬ ings that those who have served under you will standing in the Naval Conference. There were always have for you. If I might philosophize those who said that we had gone too far and had for just a moment, to give a sort of background given everything, but the fact remains that if for what 1 wish to say, I would say this: No man nations are to live together, if we are going can guess today for what America will go down in to come to a common standard of conduct, each history. I am wondering, however, if there may must surrender something of the abstract, of the not be two things which posterity will say of us. right of sovereignty which he claims and which One of them is with reference to our domestic indeed he possesses. government. I think that when future gener¬ Another accomplishment to which I wish to ations analyze our accomplishments, they will not refer is the recovery of the law in the recognition say that we led the way in establishing a Repub¬ of new governments. We had wandered astray a lican or a Democratic form of Government, for bit there, but you brought us back to the correct that has been known down through the ages, but doctrine. Finally, in the situation in the Far they will probably say that we were the first gov¬ East, you have outlined the policy that was proper ernment, and almost the only government today, and that has now received the approval of the en¬ whose power comes from below up and which tire world. There were other achievements of the tolerates no delegation of power. No republic, same character that I shall not attempt to under the civil law, is built on that principle. enumerate. For them the power comes from above down and It is a strange thing—and I beg you, ladies they freely delegate governmental powers. I am and gentlemen, to look the question up—how few not sure, however, that this record would not be men there have been who came to the Secretary¬ the lesser of the two. The other accomplishment ship of State who had any international experi¬ to which I refer is our achievement in the field ence prior to their assuming the office; and if you of foreign affairs. No nation in the world, and have looked them up and followed through some I believe I speak advisedly, has made the same of these great doctrines which I have in mind, yon contributions to international law that have been have seen how those inexperienced men, untrained made by the Government of the United States. in international affairs, have come into the great And along with our other contributions in interna¬ office of Secretary of State and have developed tional law we have made great contributions in those policies until they have become worldwide the same field in the matter of the peaceful adjust¬ in character. You have had a great part in that, ment of international disputes. We, as you know, Mr. Secretary. You have, I repeat, helped to developed the great law of neutrality in a way bring us back to the right road and to recover which it had never before been known in interna¬ much ground that had been lost. tional relations. Mr. Lieber gave to the world Now, of yourself personally, we are grateful the first written word on the laws of war. Fur¬ to you for your kindness, for your courtesy, for thermore, in the great Olney-Pauncefote Treaty your tolerance, for your justice and for much 123 mercy. We who have been in the field have felt the United States to realize that goal of which Mr. always that we had a friend in the Secretary and Clark has spoken. I am a great believer in the that when things got a bit rough with us we had spirit of service. It was brought home to me the Secretary, as the Rock of Gibraltar, to fall many years ago by what I heard Theodore Roose¬ back upon. Most of all, Mr. Secretary, we love velt say when he was searching for somebody to you for your integrity, for your convictions, for build the Panama Canal. You may remember your intellectual integrity—an integrity which you the difficulties which he encountered and you may have carried into the relations of the United also remember the difficulties of the situation in States with other countries—an integrity which the Canal Zone: the then unconquered sanitary must always shed honor and glory upon those who conditions, engineering difficulties and a great com¬ may hold the position which you have held. We bination of circumstances which made it a very love you, Mr. Secretary, and we wish for you in adventurous and undesirable undertaking for any whatever line you may be called upon to follow engineer to attempt. At first this country started hereafter all the success and the happiness that it out by thinking that it could build that canal by is possible for anyone to have. We wish to say to drawing on the most brilliant and distinguished you that your Government, like the Master in the engineers taken from the top of the civil activities parable of the talents, turned over to you five of this country. One after another men were talents and that you have turned back to your tried, but something always happened which made Government not only the five talents but an addi¬ them unwilling to go on and take the burdens, the tional five. Your Government may well say to risks and the dangers that were necessary to con¬ you “Well done, thou good and faithful servant. quer the difficulties of the Isthmus. Great men Thou hast been faithful over a few things; we they were, but they were not accustomed to the will make you master over many things. Go and task. I remember hearing Mr. Roosevelt then enter into the joy of your work.” say: “Well, I am going to the Army. I am going The Honorable Henry L. Stimson, Secretary of to ask a man to go down there who will go from State, replied as follows: a spirit of service, who will do what he is ordered Mr. Chairman, Mr. Ambassador and my to do and who will not stop to think of what the friends: The very undeserved and overgenerous effect of that service will be on him.” He then words which the Ambassador has used have con¬ chose Colonel Goethels who went down and fin¬ vinced me of the reality of my death, for language ished the Canal. Now there is a concrete example of that kind cannot possibly be uttered except in of what the spirit of service can be expected to an obituary. But I am grateful and love him for do in the foreign relations as well as in the domes¬ it just the same and 1 am very glad indeed if any tic construction of our country. With that ex¬ of you can feel even the slightest degree of that ample in my mind, I have followed the develop¬ feeling toward me expressed by the Ambassador. ment here of that spirit of service and it has been I have only a word to say to you by way of good a great source of pride and delight to me to see, wishes and farewell. Perhaps the chief regret in every problem which has come along, how that I have in leaving is the fact that it interrupts sturdy and high that spirit is among you. That is the process of getting better and better acquainted why I am happy to be here and that is why I am with the Foreign Service. There have been so sorry to go away. I have felt that we were many interruptions that my progress in what I developing something of which this nation in the wanted to achieve, knowing all of you. has been coming years will be very proud. very much less than I had hoped. Such little I know of course that this is a period of things as wars in South America and such minor anxiety and trouble to you all, as it is to many things as troubles in the Far East have to be at¬ others in the United States, but I believe that tended to even if they interrupt what 1 would the ideal of a Foreign Service appeals to the rather do. Now the time has come when that people of this country; and that their repre¬ progress and efforts at greater acquaintanceship sentatives, regardless of party and regardless must again be interrupted but the friendship which of section, have the right ideal and the right I hold for you will continue. policy and that it will be carried through suc¬ 1 have been greatly interested in the progress cessfully. of the Foreign Service and 1 feel that in the crys¬ I appeal to you to give to my successor— tallization of a system of service, which has been with whom my short acquaintance has already accomplished in the Rogers Act and in the subse¬ been sufficient to convince me of his integrity quent act of 1930, we have laid the basis upon and single-minded purpose to carry out such which we can build up a system which will enable ideals in vour Service—the same measure of 124 help and confidence that you have given to me. age roll. But where meritorious records have been achieved at important points throughout the world by You can be sure that on my part 1 have tried career men, it is the part of common sense and in the to make clear to him before he enters upon his fundamental national interest not to displace them with duties the feelings that 1 have regarding the mere place-hunters hankering for the lure and glory of necessities of the Service and the high charac¬ foreign residence. ter of the men who are now in it. America’s international relations today are too vital With these few words I want to thank you to be risked in inexperienced hands. again for the kindness you have shown to me by receiving me here today and to wish you the very best luck in the future. CENTURY OF PROGRESS News Release No. 2692, International General Electric Co., Inc., Schenectady, N. Y. CAREER DIPLOMATS Chicago.—Chicago will he illuminated by an ( Washington Evening Star, March 13, 1933) amazing aurora borealis, artificially produced, all summer. It is strongly intimated on President-elect Roosevelt's behalf that he is not inclined to disturb at least two of Walter D’Arcy Ryan, illuminating engineer of America’s career diplomats now at strategic points the General Electric Company of New York, who abroad- -Ambassador Grew in Japan and Minister John¬ has been selected as chief of the illumination of son in China. Apart from the surpassing importance of their duties at this particular moment, with the Far East “A Century of Progress Exposition,” has arrived aflame, both Messrs. Grew and Johnson have spent their here to decide upon the general lighting scheme mature lives in the Foreign Service and come as near to of the fair. being irreplaceable as any members of that organization could be. To remove Mr. Grew from Tokio or Mr. John¬ The aurora is to be one of the most startling son from Peiping, even though each owes his present as¬ and beautiful of a number of unique and novel signment to the outgoing Republican President, would be effects. It will appear as if formed in the free to strike a blow at America’s efficient representation air without connection with the earth. This will abroad, which, it is gratifying to learn, is remote from Mr. Roosevelt’s mind. be accomplished through a clever arrangement of Some 25 or 30 career men are now chiefs of mission lights where the beams that form the aurora at foreign capitals. They include both Ambassadors and originate. Ministers. Among them are our disarmament expert It will appear about 100 feet altove a 90-foot Hugh Gibson, envoy to Belgium, but, in fact. America’s roving European Ambassador, and Hugh R. Wilson, combination fountain and pillar of light which is Minister to Switzerland, who puts in most of his time at to feature the court of the Electrical Building. Geneva in charge of our increasingly intimate contacts with the League of Nations. Messrs. Gibson and Wilson The aurora is formed by an arch of searchlights have grown up in and with the Service, too. and are now the beams of which all intersect directly above the classed among the indispensables. pillar and spread out fanlike over the sky. The The career principle finds its widest expression in the beams will not l>e visible until they intersect and United States’ corps of diplomatic officials throughout Latin America. Virtually all the American legations in form the aurora. This wall illuminate all the vary¬ Central and South America are now headed by men who ing levels and facades of the Electrical Building are not only familiar with the languages of the countries to which they arc accredited, but through long service in and send its glow over the entire city. them have acquired expert knowledge of the Latin tem¬ Mr. Ryan said : perament, economic conditions and political factors. In only two or three cases are there among them those who "The Century of Progress will be the greatest can be classified as deserving politicians who were re¬ night exposition ever held, an Aladdin fairyland. warded with their present jobs under the patronage It is essentially an exposition of light and color system. effects, those by night being entirely different Under the Rogers law, which protects all grades of the foreign service under ambassadorial and ministerial from the gay decorations of the building by day rank from coming within the patronage orbit, there has and offering the softest and most exquisitely beau¬ developed an esprit de corps which is steadily, even in tiful display of lighting ever known. the present political system, building up a diplomatic organization worthy of the name. Young men of fine “The color effect will be tremendous. The educational background are entering it in increasing aurora is to lie one of the monumental effects. numbers. They begin at low ratings and small salaries. They are justified in looking forward, in the course of Another will be the Ryan electric steam color time, to that promotion and higher status to which long scintillator which will produce remarkable effects and faithful service entitles them. The more luscious on steam and smoke. This will be near the grand¬ plums, like the ambassadorships to the great European capitals, can probably never be rescued from the patron¬ stand at the Transportation Building.” 125 The Yoke of Terijoki: OR RUSSIA’S OTHER RIVIERA

By JOHN STERETT GETTINGS, American Embassy, Berlin (Formerly Stationed at Helsingfors, Finland) FEW of us not sharing the Slavs’ Stupendous a sentry with soldiers within call. Crews drop off Secret—or not harking back to the days when and climb on while the train slowly passes over St. Petersburg was a gay capital, in a golden this little bridge, only the locomotive crews going age when even American diplomats sometimes through respectively to the stations on either side. (but not all the time, let us hope!) wore braid A Finnish dog, attempting the crossing, was called of that color—few of us over-the-border people back. From this border of Finland it is but 35 are aware that these Russians had, at their very kilometres to what is now Leningrad. The abyss, front door, or say two boat-landings away, a however, measured in other terms, is much Riviera of their own. True, the Big Mediterranean greater. Tent was then in full swing. To put it briefly, the The Terijoki region is flat and sandy, which late-Victorian Long Branch of the Middle Ocean makes the beach so fine. To Southerners it will was by no means “dark.” Even so and neverthe¬ serve as a reminder of tidewater Virginia and less, St. Petersburg in those days could show a North Carolina, minus of course the crops. To beach-front if not a straight-front. This septen¬ Americans of the Middle West it whispers of trional Cote d’Azur is, or was, the “North Shore” northern Minnesota. To California—there is no of the Gulf of Finland, just beyond the mouth of place like home, so why mention this? To all the Neva. Consisting of several townships or “regular” visitors it sings a saga of past glories or groups of villas, not to mention casinos and such, at least of past good times. it was best known perhaps under the name of Terijoki has lost not only its former summer Terijoki. population, but also a goodly portion of its villas. To be sure, it produced no palms, or oranges, After the establishment of the present Finnish or other monkey-fruit. But the skies could be Republic, when it was seen that the resort had its blue. And one could go there from the Mediterranean Riviera, when that became a bit too warm for Slavic comfort, and hear, in place of surf, the breaking up of the ice indicating the approaching Freedom of the Baltic Seas. Today Terijoki & Co., although bravely issuing pamphlets, is but a shadow of its former self. A thin, but strong, Red line cuts most of this region off from its natural market. And no other has yet taken its place. The present frontier between Finland and Soviet Russia lies about 20 kilometres east of Teri¬ joki. The railway crosses the small “Border-stream” at Raja- joki (“joki” means “stream”) by a single-track trestle not over 100 metres in length. The Finnish “THE BRIDGE OF SIGHS” half is painted white; the Soviet Finno-Russian Frontier at Rajajoki from the Finnish side, looking portion, red. At each end stands toivard Leningrad 126 Russian future behind it, many of the houses were stands an old wooden building, now for sale or sold at public auction and carted away to other rent, which still carries in Cyrillic letters its mes¬ parts of Finland. A number remain, as well as sage of cheer to one and all: “Gastronomia.” Sub¬ traces of casinos, yacht-club buildings and the like ; titles indicate that milk, vegetables, fruit, and such but one has to look closely to see any signs of the were also purveyed. To Manhattanites (and what former Russian “Occupation.” American is not at least a non-resident member?) There are, however, one or two outstanding this would be merely a “new place” presumably monuments of that. The large Oriental-style operated by one Jacques de Gastreaux. But it is Russian church is there. A bit battered and the main heading that gives the tone. Gastronomia. scarred, it is true, but with its Byzantine domes Gastronomy! With all the rich and full meaning still flashing bravely in the sun. Within, religious of the word! It is not without reason that today services continue. It seems to the visitor that the in Finland as elsewhere a cook with Russian ex¬ very proximity of the frontier gives added devo¬ perience has just that added touch, or distinction, tion to the splendid ceremonial of Constantinople which in our medical circles at home is connoted as richly enhanced by the later polyphonic vocal by a Johns Flopkins degree. Not for the Russian music of the Russians themselves. The choir’s the simple Swedish “Meals Served,” nor even the reiterated “Gospodi pomilui” (Kyrie eleison) has Latinized “Re-Storing (Re-Fueling),” and still more than the usual appeal there in that isolated less our own slangy “Eats.” No. The whole of house of worship within range of Soviet guns; the science and art of feeding (and heart and feel¬ and when, in answer to the deacon’s litany of peti¬ ing) goes into that Russian adaptation of the word tion, asking among other things for “a Christian “Gastronomia.” death,” the blended voices with those deep Russian It has always been known that the Russians were basses cry out “Podai, Gospodi” (Da nobis, excellent linguists, handling with ease the major Domine) one knows that the soul of these people tongues of Europe. After a visit to Terijoki it is going out to their brethren east of that muddy must be further suspected that at least those who little stream. summered there also knew Finnish. For in this On the material side, the Russian Occupation region of Finland, Carelia, the junior language- has left very little. Perhaps it is poetically fitting partner of the country is absent. If one depends that that little should be in a line in which the on Swedish, one had better not venture east of the Russians were admittedly leaders: the matter of gay white ways of V'iborg. And as for Russian, food. On the main street or road of Terijoki since it is not even endemic in Ingermannland, the neighborhood of Leningrad, one could hardly expect it to have spread into a section even more Finnish than the environs of the former Russian capital itself. From the shores of this Riviera one can see the stronghold of Kronstadt. In the season of thaws the sounds of target-prac¬ tice, assiduously carried on there, may sometimes be confused with those of the ice-jam. But one is generally safe to lay it to Kron¬ stadt. Unlike My Lady, the fort¬ ress never sleeps. From a certain height off the ground one should be able to see at least the spires of Leningrad. But it all seems a far cry from those days when smart yachts landed their pas¬ sengers in the Imperial Club's concrete port of Terijoki. The Photo hi) J. S. Gittinga thin Red line, although invisible, MAIN STREET OF TERIJOKI continues across the water. 127 _ »JHE^MERICANpOREIGNgERVICE JOURNAL

pare himself for some of Europe's apparent anomalies as exemplified in the language of Gustavus Adolphus. He will learn, for instance, that when a bank speaking of money says “skatter” it means exactly the opposite; and that a shop pro¬ claiming itself to be a “skin-affair” is not neces¬ sarily openly and brazenly vaunting its dishonesty. Anyone staying over in Viborg is fairly certain to meet the Archdeacon. This is almost inevitable should he be lucky enough to “legally get liquor with meals, as formerly under the Raines law in New York City”—an achievement vouched pos¬ sible in Finland by an eminent American in a recent magazine issue, all of which goes to show what higher education can do. But The Arch¬ deacon is a good fellow, at that. Obviously he is there to forestall the activities of his opposite number—the archfiend; although the visitor can never be quite certain whether he proposes to ac¬ complish this by blocking his rival’s end runs or merely by playing in the backfield and waiting for punts. Perhaps some sports writer, on a visit to Viborg, may solve this mystery.

THE LOST SONG Photo by E. 1. Kapy RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH, TERIJOKI 1 plucked a wild flower from the river’s brim Military defenses exist between the border and And drank a while its faint but fragrant Viborg, some 140 kilometres northwest, and for breath. Terijoki a special passport control is maintained Then cast it forth upon the wave a-swim. by reason of these. But it is not until one reaches And watched it, as I fancied, drift to death. Viborg itself that signs of military preparedness “ ’Tis lost,” I said; but far adown the tide stand out. This old Medieval stronghold con¬ A tempted maiden saw its dainty hue; tinues to play a like role today, being the head¬ She snatched it, kneeling at the river's side, quarters of the Second Division. Insignia of And vowed, “I will be pure, sweet flower, almost every arm of the service may be seen there. like you.” There are three types of fortifications observable: the old Medieval. 18th Century Russian, and pre- And I, I never knew. War and War Russian. Recent Finnish under¬ takings however are not visible to the naked eye. I plucked a song from out my heart one day Viborg is a delight to any traveler interested And tossed it on the babbling stream of in the picturesque. It might as well be admitted rhyme. here that for stamp of age and its accompanying Sadly I watched it slowly float away charm, it beats Helsingfors hands down. It com¬ Midst thistles, weeds and sprigs of fragrant bines, in a satisfying way, 16th Century Baltic, thyme. 18th Century Russian, Scandinavian, and Finnish. “ ’Tis lost,” I sighed, “ ’Tis lost for evermore, Along with past relics it enjoys the same standards Although within my heart of hearts it grew.” of cleanliness and public services as Helsingfors, And yet, far down beside the reedy shore which means giving it an A-l rating. If the It taught one soul its lesson sweet and true. traveler is west bound, coming perhaps from China, that land of paradoxes, he can begin here And I, I never knew. to play round with European equivalents. In the GEORGE FIORTON. midst of delightful towers and walls and of a (In “Poems of An Exile,” The Bobbs-Merrill Com¬ market with a distinct Russian flavor, he can pre¬ pany, Indianapolis, 1931.) 128 MM

Phots by W. A. Foote MEMORIAL TABLET, DEPARTMENT OF STATE

129 Memorial Tablet, Department of State THE Memorial Tablet erected by members and home, and possibly some under circum¬ of the American Foreign Service Asso¬ stances of equal tragedy, but the facts of whose ciation in honor of the Diplomatic and deaths have not survived the thickening veil of Consular officers who while on active duty lost time. We must think of them also when we see their lives under tragic or heroic circumstances the names that are here recorded. was unveiled on Friday morning, March 3, at The Tablet has been erected with the contri¬ 10 o’clock, by the Hon. Henry L. Stimson, Sec¬ butions of our present Foreign Service and it is retary of State and honorary president of the intended that it should serve as a means of American Foreign Service Association. bringing home to the people of this country the A number of distinguished guests were pres¬ fact that we have a Service in our Government ent, invitations having been sent to the follow¬ devoted to peaceful intercourse between the ing members of Congress: Hon. William E. nations and the assistance of our peaceful com¬ Borah, chairman of the Committee on Foreign merce which, nevertheless, may occasionally Relations; and Hon. Henry W. Keyes, chair¬ exact from its servants a sacrifice the same as man of the Committee on Public Buildings and that which we expect from our soldiers and Grounds, United States Senate; and United our sailors. It is also intended to serve as a States Senators Hon. Claude A. Swanson, Hon. help in the development in our present Serv¬ Key Pittman, and Hon. Henry F. Ashurst; Hon. ice—the successors of the men whose names are Sam D. McReynolds, chairman of the Commit¬ recorded here—of that same spirit of devotion tee on Foreign Affairs, and Hon. Fritz G. Lan- and sacrifice which those men evidenced. It is ham, chairman of the Committee on Public with the hope that it will fill that double pur¬ Buildings and Grounds, House of Represen¬ pose of stimulating the spirit of service among tatives, and Representatives Hon. Frank Oliver, our own men and of showing to the people Hon. Henry W. Temple, and Hon. J. Will Tay¬ who see it from the outside that the service— lor. The Hon. Patrick J. Hurley, Secretary of the Foreign Service of this country—is not War, was also an invited guest, as was also necessarily a peaceful and easy task that we Lieut. Col. U. S. Grant, 3d, Director of Public have erected this monument and 1 unveil it Buildings and Public Parks of the National today. Capital, and Mr. Charles Moore, chairman of I have the great honor, ;b the honorary presi¬ the Commission of Fine Arts. dent of our Foreign Service, now to unveil this Tablet. The Department of State was also represented At the conclusion of Secretary Stimson’s by the Under Secretary of State, Hon. William brief address, he unveiled the Tablet, and the R. Castle, Jr., and the Assistant Secretaries of sounding of “Taps” by a U. S. Navy bugler State, Wilbur J. Carr, Francis White, James brought the ceremony to an end. G. Rogers, and Harvey G. Bundy, as well The Tablet consists of a base and framework as by many of the chiefs of divisions and the of white Alabama marble, surrounding a large American Foreign Service officers on duty in panel of Virginia greenstone on which are the Department. carved by hand, and gilded with gold leaf, the Consul General Homer M. Byington, as chair¬ names of 65 officers who, from the long list of man of the Executive Committee of the Ameri¬ those who have died in active service in foreign can Foreign Service Association, requested lands, died in catastrophes, such as earthquakes Secretary Stimson to unveil the Tablet. Mr. or volcanic eruptions at Messina, Martinique, Stimson then spoke as follows: Yokohama, etc., or were lost at sea, such as in Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen: This the sinking of the U. S. S. Cyclops, etc., or mur¬ Tablet has been erected as a memorial to the dered, as in the case of Vice Consul Robert W. memory of those 65 American Diplomatic and Imbrie in Persia, or from tropical diseases such Consular officers who have, during the period as plague, yellow fever, etc. On either side of which has elapsed since the earliest beginning the Tablet is a bronze base holding a large silk of this nation, given up their lives in the serv¬ flag of the United States, these two bases and ice under circumstances of peculiar tragedy or flags being presented by the Hon. Henry L. peculiar heroism. Of course, there have been Stimson. All the other expenses of the Me¬ many, many others who have died in the per¬ morial Tablet have been borne by members of formance of their duties in distant lands under the American Foreign Service Association. circumstances of loneliness, far from kindred The designer of the Tablet is the well-known 130 Washington architect, Waddy B. Wood, F.A.I.A., The inscription on the Tablet is as appears on to whom great credit is due for the classic sim¬ page 155 herein. plicity and dignity of the memorial. The ac¬ tual work of construction was performed by An editorial from the Detroit Free Press, which the Standard Art Marble & Tile Company, was reprinted in the Washington Post, contained Inc., of Washington, D. C. The metal work was by the Art Metal Construction Company, of the following in regard to the Memorial Tablet: Jamestown, N. Y., and Washington, D. C. The An}' one who lias traveled abroad, with occasion to meet the personnel of Uncle Sam’s embassies and con¬ plaster casts of the flag bases were made by sulates in foreign lands, will be particularly grateful Bruyninck & Figallo, of Washington, D. C. The that these sacrifices of life have not gone unregarded. gilding of the letters was done by Messrs. While the Foreign Service exists to take care of the Brydon & Dunbar, of Washington, D. C. Nation’s diplomatic relations abroad, it also establishes This memorial is the culmination of over four a bit of the homeland for the traveler. Only the his¬ years’ work by the American Foreign Service tory of the service can show the innumerable instances of aid and comfort given private citizens, who often, with Association. Consul General Homer M. Bying- or without cause, get panicky in a strange land. Then ton, as chairman of the Executive Committee embassy or consulate offers a refuge, an ever-present help of the Association, has been in charge of the in time of trouble. work, the details of which were, however, en¬ The service is delicate and exacting in the most quiet hours. In times of emotional disturbance or actual physi¬ trusted to a sub-committee consisting of cal danger its hazards increase. But the men, and the Augustus E. Ingram, editor of the American fewer women, of the staffs acquit themselves like true FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL; Pierre de L. Boal, Americans, aware that they stand wherever they are as now Charge d’Affaires at Ottawa, Canada; and the embodiment of the great Nation they serve. Brave in the face of disaster and death as they are capable in the former Consul General Horace Lee Washing¬ routine affairs of every day, they deserve remembrance ton. from their fellow countrymen.

Acme Newspictures. Paris NEW UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT BUILDING, PARIS, FRANCn The building is located on the Place dc la Concorde, next to the Crillon Hotel, of which one corner is visible in the picture 131 THE ‘‘In the field of world policy 1 would dedicate this Nation to the policy of good neighbor—the FOKEIG^^^itjOURNAL neighbor who resolutely respects himself, and be¬ . - ... - cause be does so, respects the rights of others— |i Vol. X APRIL, 1933 No. 4 the neighbor who respects his obligations and re¬ spects the sanctity of his agreements in and with PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY AMERICAN FOREIGN a world of neighbors.” SERVICE ASSOCIATION, WASHINGTON, D. C. “Our international trade relations, though vastly important, are in point of time and neces¬ The American Foreign Service Journal is published monthly by the American Foreign Service Association, and is distributed sity secondary to the establishment of a sound by the Association to its members gratis. The Journal is also open to private subscription in the United States and abroad national economy. 1 favor as a practical policy at the rate of $/>.00 a year, or 85 cents a copy, payable to the American Foreign Service Journal, care Department of State, the putting of first things first. I shall spare no Washington, D. C. effort to restore world trade by international eco¬ Copyright, 1933, by the American Foreign Service Association. nomic readjustment, but the emergency at home can not wait on that accomplishment.” JOURNAL STAFF —President Franklin D. Roosevelt. AUGUSTUS E. INGRAM Editor JAMES B. STEWART Consulting Editor WALTER A. FOOTE Associate Editor TEN YEARS AGO GEORGE TAIT Business Manager CLAYSON W. ALDRIDGE Treasurer of Journal (From Issue of April, 1923) “Married Women’s Citizenship,” by BY THE WAY Richard W. Flournoy, Jr., was the title of This issue, like that of last month, contains a a careful exposition of the Act of Congress charming photograph by Assistant Secretary of September 22, 1922, which act went Wilbur J. Carr, which will have a special appeal counter to the old principle that in general to the amateur photographers and artists in the the citizenship of a married woman followed Service. It is hoped that they will follow Mr. that of her husband. Carr’s kind example and contribute specimens ol their artistic work. The Executive Committee regretfully ac¬ cepted the resignation of Mr. Frederick The sole contributor to this month’s column ol Simpich as editor, and recorded by resolu¬ LETTERS refers to its cadaverous condition. That tion its high appreciation of his services. remark is sadly true. The column, started not The new editor appointed was Harry M. long ago with high hopes for its success, has lan¬ Lakin with Hasell H. Dick and Lowell C. guished. Where does the fault lie ? Frank Pinkerton as associate editors. criticism is invited. It was thought that our readers would find that Consul General Horace Lee Washington, column useful to discuss either problems in the then stationed at Liverpool, sent as president Service or possible improvements in our publi¬ of the Association a cheery message to the cation. members. What do you really think of the JOURNAL? “How Your Commercial Reports are This is not a invitation for compliments but a call Rated," was the title of a very interesting for helpful suggestions or constructive criticisms. It would lie most interesting to have your frank and helpful report based on an unofficial in¬ criticism. Occasionally visiting officers say, ‘‘I quiry into that important subject. have often wondered why the JOURNAL does not publish this or that.” Why not give expression A paraphrase of Kipling’s lines, quoted to such wishes in a letter for publication. Then apropos of the growing interest taken by the matter would come to the notice of others and members of the Association in promoting all it could be learned—if they in turn would take the purposes for which it was organized, de¬ the trouble to write—if such suggestions repre¬ serves repetition: sent the wishes of more than a single person. It ain’t the individual Nor the Service as a whole, But the everlasting teamwork Finally, it is hoped that someone will send a Of every bloomin’ soul. solution to Mr. Clattenburg’s problem. 132 H ON. CORDELL HULL took the oath of Thursday afternoon, March 16, for the chiefs of office on March 4 as the Secretary of missions of the Diplomatic Corps in Washington State, and on Monday afternoon, March and their wives. Vice President and Mrs. Garner, 6, the personnel of the Department went in a Mrs. Woodrow Wilson, members of the Cabinet long procession to the Diplomatic anteroom where and their wives were in the little company invited they were presented by their respective chiefs to to meet the guests of honor. These also included Mr. Hull, who was accompanied by Mr. William the Under Secretary of State, the Assistant Secre¬ Phillips, the newly appointed Under Secretary of taries, and chiefs of divisions of the Department State. Mr. Henry L. Stimson was also presented of State with their wives. Palms and Easter and received a touching farewell from all of the lilies decorated the patio and the tea table was personnel of the Department. banked with spring flowers. A string orchestra played while the reception was in progress. Hon. Henry L. Stimson was presented on March 6 with a large, handsome silk flag, the Mr. John C. Wiley, Counselor of the Embassy colors of the Secretary of State—a blue field with at Madrid, is on temporary detail in the Division. four white stars, one in each corner, and in the center a disk containing the Seal of the United States, beautifully worked by hand. Accompany¬ Eddy Savoy, the veteran colored messenger at ing it was a handsomely bound album containing the door of the Secretary of State, retired from the signatures of the donors. The inscription in active service early last month, after 64 years of the alburn read: “Presented to Henry L. Stimson, continuous service. Latterly he has been receiv¬ Secretary of State of the United States of Amer¬ ing from the Government only his retired pay, but ica (March 28, 1929, to March 4, 1933) by the Mr. Stimson has been paying him the difference personnel of the Department of State and officers between that and the regular salary. On his leav¬ of the American Foreign Service as a token of ing, Eddy Savoy was not only the recipient of their high regard and esteem.” many handsome gifts, but the crowning honor The presentation was made by Assistant Secre¬ came when President Roosevelt sent an official car tary Francis White—Mr. Wilbur J. Carr being- to bring the aged man to the White House so absent on account of illness—and Secretary Stim¬ that the President might express personally his son in a speech of acceptance said no gift could appreciation of the service rendered during this long period and his wishes for a happy retirement have pleased him more, as he regarded the Flag as a symbol of that loyalty that had always charac¬ in the evening of life. As the Washington Star terized the services rendered by the staff of the remarked editorially: “Such tributes are not too Department. great for so long and so useful a career, however humble the station that has been occupied. Eddy Savoy is an inspiration to all of the younger gen¬ The Secretary of State and Mrs. Cordell Hull eration to do well whatever work may be allotted entertained in the patio of the Carlton Hotel on and to keep the faith in the least detail.” 133 r HE Y J^MERICANpOREIGNgERVICE| JOURNAL

Mr. Ellis O. Briggs sailed this month to assist Mr. and Mrs. George Horton have been at St. General Blanton C. Winship on a special mission Petersburg, Fla., for the past month, enjoying de¬ to Liberia. lightful weather. Mr. Horton writes that he has been out fishing. Mr. Alan F. Winslow brought us a good fish story out of Florida. The subject of the story, Lithgow Osborne, of Auburn, N. Y., son of a six and one-half-foot sailfish caught by the the late Thomas Mott Osborne, was appointed author, has been mounted and given a prominent by the Governor of New York on March 1, 1933, place in Mr. Winslow’s trophy room. as head of the State Conservation Department and chairman of the Governor’s Advisory Agri¬ cultural Commission. Mr. Osborne was Vice Most JOURNAL readers have probably seen and enjoyed a recent serial in Liberty, “No Para¬ President of the Auburn Publishing Company chutes,” a gripping account of Mr. Winslow’s ex¬ and editor of The Citizen-Advertiser. After periences as a combat pilot on the Western Front. graduation from Harvard, Mr. Osborne served in the early days of the World War as secretary to Ambassador Gerard in Germany, later becoming The regular weekly luncheons for American secretary at the Embassy. Subsequently he was Foreign Service Officers and officers of the De¬ appointed secretary of legation at Habana and at partment have been held each Wednesday at the Copenhagen. He also served with the American Racquet Club, the average attendance having been Peace Commission in Paris, and in 1919-1921 between 40 and 50. Officers visiting the city are held a position in the Division of Western Eu¬ cordially invited to attend. The luncheons are ropean Affairs in the Department of State. Later informal and no one is ever called upon for a he was identified with the Conference on the Lim¬ “few remarks.” itation of Armament in Washington.

In the Directory of Retired Foreign Service Despatch No. 5,000 at any post deserves spe¬ Officers that appeared in last month’s issue of the cial mention. Minister Jefferson Caffery, who JOURNAL, two corrections should be made. John was appointed to Colombia on June 27, 1928, M. Savage writes that since October 1, 1932, his reached his despatch No. 5,000 on January 8, address has been: Hudson View Gardens, 183rd 1933. The subject of the despatch was “Claim of Street and Pinehurst Avenue, New York City. Milady Brassiere & Corset Company, Incor¬ (He adds that his telephone is Billings 5-6200, porated.” Apartment J-44.) Also Bradstreet S. Rairden states that his address should be 532 Seventh Street, Santa Monica, Calif. (As Mr. Rairden’s At last the secret has become known as to the letter was dated March 16, 1933, and he did not identity of “Diplomat” whose mystery stories mention the earthquake, we are glad to infer that “Murder in the State Department,” “Murder in he had not been disturbed seriously by it.) the Embassy,” etc., attracted so much notice and discussion in recent years. Mr. John Franklin Mr. and Mrs. Carlton Bailey Hurst, it is Carter, Jr., is, according to the Washington learned, have been spending the winter in France Herald, the author. Mr. Carter, after serving at and Italy, but they expect to return to their home the Embassy at Rome and at Constantinople, en¬ at Charlotteville, N. Y., in April or May. tered the Department of State in 1928 and served until his resignation on June 30, 1932, to asso¬ ciate himself with the New National Party, New Gabriel Bie Ravndal is on the eve of departure York City. Mr. Carter while in the Department to spend the summer at the British Museum, Lon¬ was a contributor to the JOURNAL, and his ar¬ don, but he expects to return to the United States ticles on recent books were always read with much in September. interest, as he is a keen analyst and a clever writer of book reviews. Under another nom dc plume, George FI. Pickerell, who is now residing in Jay Franklin, Mr. Carter published another book Para, Brazil with Mrs. Pickerell, fell last Octo¬ “What the Country Needs,” which likewise ber and broke his hip; but after several months aroused considerable interest. Mr. Carter has in hospital he is now, according to a letter from just published a new book entitled “Death in the Mrs. Pickerell. as well as ever. Senate.” 134 Harry A. McBride, assistant to the Secretary, has been suffering for some weeks past with in¬ FROM THE VISITORS’ REGISTER flammation of the ear, and recently underwent a serious mastoid operation. His many friends Room 115, Department of State will be glad to know that the latest news from the Date of hospital is that he is progressing satisfactorily. Registration William F. Cavenaugh, Gibraltar February 17 Guy W. Ray, London February 21 Paul H. Ailing, assistant chief of the Division Homer Brett, Milan February 23 of Near Eastern Affairs of the Department of North Winship, Copenhagen February 24 State, was guest of honor on March 20 at a dinner Philip Holland, Liverpool February.24 given at the home of Major Philip R. Fayrnon- W. J. McCafferty, San Salvador March 2 ville, on Observatory Circle. Mr. Ailing later ad¬ Lewis V. Boyle, Agua Prieta March 6 dressed members of Alpha Chapter of Delta Phi William P. Blocker, Ciudad Juarez March 6 Epsilon Fraternity, the subject of his address J. Lawrence Pond, Peiping March 6 being “Mandates in the Near East.” Halleck L. Rose, Vera Cruz, Mexico.. March 6 Robert L. Hunter, Windsor, Ontario.... March 7 Harold D. Clum, Bucharest March 9 John C. Wiley, Madrid March 11 FOREIGN SERVICE WOMEN’S Harold S. Tewell, Habana March 13 LUNCHEON Cabot Coville, Harbin March 14 The Women of the American Foreign Service Arthur Bliss Lane, Mexico City March 15 met for luncheon on March 8, 1933, at The High¬ G. J. Haering, Pernambuco, Brazil March 16 lands, Connecticut Avenue and California Street, Sheridan Talbott, Bluefields March 16 Washington, D. C. (While a good many ladies Stewart E. McMillin, Warsaw March 18 were present, the attendance was not quite as Carlton Hurst, Nogales Alarch20 Robert M. Ott, Managua March 20 large as on former occasions.) After the lunch eon, Airs. James B. Stewart spoke very interest¬ Gabriel Bie Ravndal, Retired March 20 ingly about the origin of these luncheons, saying that about five or six years ago she and Airs. Robt. L. Reiser, Airs. Dumont, and Mrs. J. J. ments, in the work ended February 28, 1933, to Murphy, Jr., used to meet together occasionally the District of Columbia Chapter, American Red for luncheon, and it proved so enjoyable that it Cross, for distribution to destitute families of was decided to enlarge the plan to include all the Washington. wives of American Foreign Service officers in Summary of Finished Garments as of February 28, 1933 Washington. Mrs. Castle and Mrs. Carr took an Number of garments returned to the Red Cross.. 1,420 early interest in the matter, and it was at Mrs. Number of Department yarn gift garments 148 Carr's suggestion that invitations were extended Number of other gift garments 70 to the wives of Retired Foreign Service officers. At first the luncheons were held at the Women’s Total garments returned to Red Cross 1,638 University Club, but the attendance became so large that various other places for meeting were tried. During the present season, the luncheons Mrs. Lewis Middleton, whose advertisement have been held at The Highlands. The next has appeared in the JOURNAL for several months luncheon will be on April 12, and the closing one past, recently received a commendatory notice in of the season on May 10. the National Business Review in regard to the service, as shopping agent in New York City, that she offers to women. The notice said: “She typi¬ RED CROSS SEWING fies the modern type of business woman at her best, always on the alert and ready and willing Mrs. Henry Lewis Stimson desires to express to serve her clients to the best of her ability and her gratitude through the medium of the JOURNAL give them the benefit of her years of experience.” to those ladies whose faithful services at the Dis¬ Airs. Aliddleton says that she is taking care of the tributing Room and in the sewing of garments at shopping for a number of families in the Diplo¬ home made it possible for the Department of matic Service, and at the same time helping them State to turn over a total of 1,638 finished gar- to keep within the “family budget.” 135 chief clerk to know all the details of the finances, for in 1790 the total appropriation for the De¬ partment amounted to only $8,000. As the years passed, however, and the Department and the Foreign Service developed, the accounting sys¬ tem became more complicated. In 1817 Congress ordered that “it shall be the duty of the Fifth Auditor to receive all accounts accruing in. or relative to, the Department of State, . . . and examine the same, and thereafter certify the balance, and transmit the accounts, with the vouchers and certificates, to the First Comptroller for his decision thereon. In 1833 Secretary Louis McLane suggested a Disbursing and Superintending Bureau with one clerk “to perform the duties of making purchases, keeping accounts, and paying out the appropria¬ tions, and keeping the Seal of the United States and of the Department.” Three years later, Sec¬ retary Forsythe substituted, in place of the Dis- bursing and Superintending Bureau, a Disbursing Agent “to have charge of all the disbursements and purchases under the control of the President and Secretary of State.” In 1870, when Secretary Hamilton F'ish reor¬ ganized the Department of State, he established a Bureau of Accounts which was to lie managed by a disbursement clerk, that officer to have “the

© Harris & Ewing custody and disbursement of all the Departmental appropriations, as well as the care of the building WILLIAM McNEIR and the property of the Department.” Congress Chief, Bureau of Accounts by act of March 3, 1873. recognized the Chief of the Bureau of Accounts, allowing him an annual BUREAU OF ACCOUNTS salary of $2,400, which was decreased to $2,100 by the act of August 15, 1878. By the act of “The Bureau of Accounts is a most important office.’- April 28, 1902, the Chief of the Bureau of Ac¬ —Stimson. counts received an additional $200 as “Disbursing The Bureau of Accounts of the Department of Clerk,” which explains the reason for the new State was established hy the act of March 3, title “Bureau of Accounts and Disbursing Clerk’’ 1873 (17 Stat. 509). which subsequently appears in the Register of the It is charged with the keeping of all accounts Department of State. of the Department and of the Foreign Service; Since 1873 the following have occupied the the administrative examination of all accounts; position of Chief of the Bureau of Accounts. the approval of all accounts for transmission to Edward Haywood (N. Y.), appointed July 1, the Comptroller General, together with the prep¬ 1873; served until August, 1874. aration of correspondence in relation thereto; the Robert C. Morgan (N. Y.), appointed August recording of ali fiscal transactions; and the prep¬ 15, 1874; served for about ten years, dying in aration of financial reports and statements for the office. administrative officers of the Department. The Frank J. Kieckhoefer (D. C.), appointed Jan¬ Bureau also has general administrative supervision uary 28, 1884; served until October, 1895. of all disbursing officers under the Department of Frank A. Branagan, appointed November 1, State. 1895; served until March, 1900, when he was ap¬ In the early days of the Department of State, pointed Treasurer of the Philippine Islands. when the staff was very limited, it was possible Thomas Morrison (N. Y.), appointed April 1, for the Secretary, Thomas Jefferson, and the 1900; served until April 30, 1913. 136 William McNeir (D. C.), the present chief of (In 1913 the number of posts was 586—the the Bureau of Accounts, was appointed to that majority of posts closed since then have largely office May 1, 1913. On November 28, 1927, been Consular agencies— and the total personnel Secretary Kellogg issued an order, effective Jan¬ 1,629.) uary 1, 1928, abolishing the position of “Chief, Accounts for expenditures from the following Bureau of Accounts and Disbursing Clerk” and mentioned appropriations were also examined, substituting therefor the “Chief, Bureau of Ac¬ approved, etc.: counts,” and the “Disbursing Officer.” Mr. Mc¬ International Boundary Commission, United Neir was continued as Chief of the Bureau of States and Mexico; International Fisheries Com¬ Accounts, and Mr. W. F. Cramer was appointed mission, Waterways Treaty, United States and Disbursing Officer. Great Britain ; International Boundary Commis¬ By Departmental Order No. 458, dated No¬ sion, United States and Canada, and Alaska and vember 17, 1928, Secretary Kellogg directed that: Canada; Investigation of Fisheries, Passama- “Effective this date, the organization of the quoddy and Cobscook Bays between the United Bureau of Accounts is hereby designated as fol¬ States and Canada; Mixed Claims Commission, lows : United States and Germany, including German “(a) Administrative Office, the function of Government’s Moiety, Tripartite Claims Com¬ which shall be the direction and supervision of the mission, and Hungarian Government’s Moiety, activities of the Bureau. Tripartite Claims Commission; Salaries and “(b) Auditing Section, the function of which Expenses of United States Court for China, in¬ shall be the audit of all vouchers, pay rolls, and cluding Expenses of Prisons for American Con¬ similar documents covering expenditures of the victs ; Allowance to Widows and Heirs of For¬ State Department, including Washington and the eign Service Officers Who Die Abroad; Relief field offices. and Protection of American Seamen; Bringing “(c) Fiscal Control Section, the function of Home Criminals; Relief and Protection of Amer¬ which shall be the maintenance of the appropria¬ ican Citizens in Europe; Payments to Certain For¬ tion, fund, and proprietary accounts of the De¬ eign Service Officers and Employes; Refunding partment, including Washington and field offices, Passport fees; Foreign Service Retirement and in accordance with Departmental Order No. 446; Disability Appropriated Fund; International the preparation of Departmental pay rolls; and Radiotelegraphic Conference, Madrid, Spain; the preparation of such current and special re¬ United States Section, Inter-American Highway ports incident to the said accounts, as may be Commission; General Claims Commission, United required.” States and Panama; Arbitration between United Under the provisions of that order the Bureau States and Sweden; International Monetary Con¬ of Accounts was accordingly organized. Its per¬ ference ; and General Disarmament Conference, sonnel at present is as follows: Geneva, Switzerland. in the Administrative Section, the Chief of In like manner treaty obligations of a financial the Bureau, the Assistant Chief, and the secretary nature come under the purview of the Bureau. In to the Chief; in the Auditing Section, the chief of short, the Bureau of Accounts, as its name implies, the section and 21 employes; and in the Fiscal is the one Bureau of the Department charged with Control Section, the chief of the section and 11 all financial business of the Department of State employes; or a total staff of 37, with a pay roll both at home and abroad. amounting to $78,320. During the fiscal year 1932 the Bureau ad¬ ministratively examined, approved, recorded and Prior to July 1, 1930, the accounts of the For¬ transmitted to the General Accounting Office ac¬ eign Service, the Department proper, Commis¬ counts from: sions, Conferences, etc., within the accounting 15 Embassies jurisdiction of the Department, were rendered 38 Legations quarterly. 63 Consulates General Pursuant to the recommendation of the Gen¬ 203 Consulates eral Accounting Office and the Bureau of Effi¬ 9 Vice Consulates ciency, and in order to facilitate and improve the 39 Consular Agencies administration of the appropriations, thereby 3 Combined Offices. affording the officers of the Department and others concerned readily available information 370 Posts (Total personnel, 3,828) relating to balances of appropriations, allot- 137 _ rJTHE.^MERICAN^OREIGNgERVICE JOURNAL ments, expenditures, etc., an Executive Order the many and varied steps necessary in such ex¬ was issued and signed by the President on March amination and verification gives one some idea of 5, 1930, which required that: the importance of this work. “All accounts, except an account for a period of less During the fiscal year 1932 the Auditing Sec¬ than a full month when an officer has surrendered charge tion received, acknowledged and examined for temporarily or is submitting a final account at an office, approval by the Chief of the Bureau 7,040 ac¬ must be rendered at the end of each calendar month and counts. In addition the Section drafted 386 tele¬ these accounts are to be designated according to the fol¬ grams, 133 notes and dispatches and 8,281 Bu¬ lowing form: ‘Month ending ’ or ‘Partial month to inch’ reau letters. During that period the Bureau re¬ (Last day of month) ( Date) ceived 2,986 dispatches and 15.115 letters, all re¬ All accounts must be mailed or otherwise sent to the lating to accounting matters. That correspond¬ Department of State in Washington as soon as possible ence was read carefully by the auditors and an¬ after the close of the accounting period to which they swers drafted to those letters requiring attention. relate, in no case to exceed 10 days.” The Auditing Section also sent out 3,500 pur¬ The text of this order was incorporated in and chase orders and audited 6,948 vouchers for sup¬ made a part of the Department’s accounting plies purchased for the Department, the Foreign regulations, to become effective July 1, 1930. Service, International Conferences, etc. The monthly rendition of accounts is required Expenditures for Other Departments by Section No. 3622, page 714 of the Revised Statutes, which provides that: For a period of about 15 years the Depart¬ ment has been making expenditures for other de¬ Section 3622. “Every officer or agent of the United States who receives public money which he is not author¬ partments of the Government throughout the ized to retain as salary, pay, or emolument, shall render world for telegrams, travel expenses, purchases his accounts monthly. Such accounts, with the vouchers of supplies, etc. The amounts of the expendi¬ necessary to the correct and prompt settlement thereof, tures are included in the accounts of the various shall be sent by mail, or otherwise, to the Bureau to posts in the Foreign Service. When the accounts which they pertain, within 10 days after the expiration of each successive month, and, after examination there, are received, the receipts are withdrawn there¬ shall be passed to the proper accounting officer of the from, vouchered on standard forms, recorded, Treasury for settlement. * * * and transmitted to the interested departments for This change, as the records of the Depart¬ payment. When checks in reimbursement are ment indicate, increased the work of the Bureau received, they are deposited in the Treasury to about 50 percent. The increase is evidenced by the credit of the appropriations from which the the receipt of 3,503 accounts during 1930, as com¬ expenditures were made. During the fiscal year pared with 7,040 during 1932. 1932 the Bureau handled 1,632 accounts for ex¬ The administrative examination of accounts is penditures for other departments. conducted by the Auditing Section of the Bureau. While this work is not primarily a part of Such examination is required by Section 82, Title auditing, the arrangement was made for the pur¬ 31 of the Code of Laws of the United States, pose of having bills in foreign money paid in the to wit: country in which expenses were incurred, thereby saving the cost of any exchange which might be “Administrative Examination of Accounts—Except as involved in connection with the purchase of otherwise provided, the administrative examination of all drafts in the l_ nited States for transmission public accounts, preliminary to their audit by the General Accounting Office, shall be made as contemplated by sec¬ abroad. tion 78 of this title, and all vouchers and payrolls shall be prepared and examined by and through the adminis- Foreign Service Retirement and Disability Fund tive heads of divisions and bureaus in the executive de¬ In the Act approved May 24, 1924, provision partments and not hy the disbursing clerks of said de¬ partments, except those vouchers prepared outside of was made for Foreign Service Retirement and Washington prior to August 23, 1912, may continue to be Disability, effective July 1, 1924. This Act was so prepared and the disbursing officers shall make only later amended by the Act of February 23, such examination of vouchers as may be necessary to 1931. At the beginning of each fiscal year," after ascertain whether they represent legal claims against the appropriations are made, there is withheld in the United States. (Aug. 23, 1912, c. 350, §-l, 37 Stat. 375.”) Treasury Department, for investment, 5 percent Space does not permit of giving a detailed de¬ of the appropriations against which the retire¬ scription of the procedure in connection with the ment is chargeable. The Bureau in examining examination of vouchers before payment, vouch¬ the accounts of the boreign Service computes ers after payment, and accounts current, and this and records the amounts of the retirement con¬ is unfortunate because even a brief inspection of tributions. A separate card is kept for each offi- 138 r_ rpHE^MERICANpOKEIGNgERYICE JOURNAL cer, and at the end of the fiscal year adjustment Service Retirement and Disability Fund. Since is made between the amounts deducted from the the amount of these contributions is not deducted appropriations by the Treasury Department and from the appropriations concerned at the be¬ the actual amounts deducted from the compen¬ ginning of the fiscal year, it is necessary to pre¬ sation of the officers, as recorded on the above- pare separate schedules which are numbered con¬ mentioned cards. The Bureau also determines secutively, stating thereon the name of the ac¬ the amounts to be refunded to officers and/or countable officer, his post, the period of the ac¬ their estates, due to resignation, or death, and of count and voucher number on which the deduc¬ the amounts of annuities to be paid to officers tions are made; also the amounts chargeable when they are retired. against each appropriation. At the end of each The vouchers covering refunds are also pre¬ month the amounts are listed on separate sched¬ pared in the Bureau to which are attached the ules under the appropriations to be charged. applications for refunds of the officers, or their These schedules are then totalled and a voucher legal representatives. When the claims are com¬ is prepared, recorded and approved. The plete they are submitted to the Chief of the Divi¬ amounts chargeable against the appropriations sion of Foreign Service Administration for certi¬ involved are covered into the Civil Service Re¬ fication, after which they are approved by the tirement and Disability Fund by Treasury check Chief of the Bureau of Accounts and sent to the drawn by the Disbursing Officer of the Depart¬ Disbursing Officer of the Department for pay¬ ment. The voucher with supporting schedules ment. becomes a part of the Disbursing Officer's ac¬ As required by the Act of February 23, 1931, counts and is forwarded to the General Account¬ the Bureau of Accounts prepares and submits ing Office for settlement. annually to the President a comparative report The preparation of the vouchers and schedules showing all receipts and disbursements on ac¬ is required by the Comptroller General. count of refunds, allowances and annuities, to¬ gether with the total number of persons receiv¬ Notices of Exception ing annuities and the amount paid them. On July 1, 1930, the General Accounting Office In Public No. 715, approved February 23, 1931, instituted a system whereby Notices of Excep¬ amending the Act of May 24, 1924, in regard to tion covering suspensions in accounts are sent to the computation of the period of service, it is the officers and to the Bureau of Accounts with provided under Section 26, paragraph (o)— a view to having the suspensions removed before final settlement is effected. To accomplish this "That service in the Department of State or as clerk in a mission or consulate prior to appointment as a the officers are required to furnish explanations Foreign Service officer may be included in the period of regarding charges, affix signatures to vouchers, service, in which case the officer shall pay into the For¬ furnish copies of travel orders, certificates, etc. eign Service Retirement and Disability Fund a special The explanations must be made on Standard contribution equal to 5 per centum of his annual salary for each year of such employment, with interest thereon Form No. 2085, Reply to Exceptions, and if to date of payment compounded annually at 4 per documents are forwarded they must be accom¬ centum, provided that such special contribution shall he panied by this form. When the forms and ac¬ subject to the limitations established by subdivision (f) companiments, if any, are received they are ex¬ of this section.” amined and verified by the Auditing Section and The Bureau calculates the amount to be paid either approved or disapproved by the Chief of by the officers to purchase additional service the Bureau of Accounts. credit, in accordance with the provision of law During the fiscal year 1932, the Auditing Sec¬ set forth above. It also records and deposits tion examined and verified 5,673 of these forms. the amounts received for that purpose. Stacostrep Telegrams, Etc. Civil Service Retirement Fund From time to time the Department is requested Under the provision of the Act approved May to send telegrams to its officers abroad on behalf 29, 1930, the American employes in the Foreign of firms and private individuals. When the offi¬ Service (approximately 800), as well as those at¬ cers collect the cost of the telegrams sent by the tached to the Commissions under the control of Department, the amount is included in their ac¬ the Department, became subject to the provisions counts as a credit to the appropriation from of the Civil Service Retirement and Disability which they were paid by the Department's Dis¬ Act effective July 1, 1930. From that date the bursing Officer. When replies, if any, are made, Bureau has computed and kept a complete the cost is stated at the end thereof. Bills for record of their contributions made to the Civil (Continued to page 151) 139 News Items From The Field

BERLIN We must be willing, all of us, to recognize the fact that what we wish others to do we will also have to lie The 30th anniversary of the American Cham¬ prepared to do ourselves. We shall all have to start by ber of Commerce in Germany was celebrated at putting our respective houses in order and to do it fear¬ Berlin on January 20, 1933. In the absence of lessly and with only one object in mind, the general pub¬ lic good. We shall have to bring our budgets for all the American Ambassador, Frederic M. Sackett, types of public expenditure within more reasonable who was attending the World Economic Confer¬ bounds and with greater consideration to the relative ence at Geneva, Consul General George S. value of the services for which public funds are appro¬ Messersmith delivered an address at the ban¬ priated. We must resolutely accept the necessity for re¬ organization in Government services and in business and quet given by the Chamber of Commerce at the financial enterprises. The sacrifices which are necessary Hotel Adlon in Berlin. From the full text of the and which we know are unavoidable, must be accepted address as published in Transatlantic Trade, the and the necessary measures carried fearlessly through. official publication of the Chamber, the follow¬ We must accept as a fact what we know is unavoidable, that the world has very much changed and that we must ing extracts have been taken. readjust our governmental, business and financial struc¬ After expressing the regret felt by all at the tures to a new order. This does not imply that we shall enforced absence of Ambassador Sackett, and have necessarily a lower standard of living, but merely referring to the fact that it was through the a saner and more healthy organization. Then we can set the international house in order by all of us showing in initiative of former Consul General Frank H. our treatment of other nations the same reasonableness Mason that the Chamber had been founded 30 and the same generosity we expect them to manifest years ago, Mr. Messersmith prefaced his re¬ towards us. If we wish to sell goods to others we must marks on the present state of economic affairs be willing to accept theirs. If we wish others to pay us we must show our willingness to pay them. If we wish by saying that, in view of the obvious limita¬ them to respect our security we must refrain from meas¬ tions placed upon him as an American official, ures which may be considered as menacing theirs. If we he spoke “merely as one deeply interested in wish others to have proper consideration for what we the problems which confront American, Ger¬ believe to be our reasonable aspirations, we must give due thought and credit to theirs. The intense nationalism man and other business men in their relation¬ in politics and economics which has been so rampant in ship with international trade.” these latter years and which we all recognize as so nar¬ In the desire to voice a message of optimism. row and so inconsiderate of the rights of others must be Mr. Messersmith said: replaced by a more sane and reasonable outlook.

A wise man does not allow the present to crowd out of As to this general spirit of pessimism which has his mind either the lessons of the past or the sane vision overwhelmed so many of us during the past few years of the future. In a period of difficulty he maintains his and which has destroyed our balance and perspective, we equilibrium of thought and action, reviews the present hear from everywhere that we are again regaining our in the light of the past and is therefore able to have a equilibrium. When the history of the depression will be healthy outlook into the future. written it is this pessimism of which we shall be most heartily ashamed and we shall not be able to explain to ourselves how we succumbed to it. For after all we are When we realize what important progress has been businessmen and we know that business has within it a made in science and what the so-called capitalistic regime vitality which can not be destroyed. Men must live and has done to make this world in so many ways a better be clothed and be fed and their manifold needs must be place in which to live, if not for everyone for at least met. The lines of communication by land and sea which a much greater percentage of our fellow men, there is bring to us the products of labor will not only continue no reason to believe or fear that the same ingenuity to function, but be intensified. It is to belie our very which has brought about this high degree cf comfort and nature and our very humanity to be pessimistic about the highly increased standard of living should not be able to future. It is only for us to find the way to accommodate find solutions for the economic ills from which we suffer, ourselves to new conditions and this is what humanity nor is there any reason to condemn as completely out¬ has had to do in more than one period of its history. Let worn and as a failure the so-called capitalistic regime us then retain our perspective and we shall maintain our under which all this was attained. hope and it is only with hope in the heart that we can cope with any problem. 140 HAMBURG The sudden death at Hamburg early in Jan¬ uary of Dr. Wilhelm Cuno, one of its most FEBRUARY 23, 1933. prominent citizens, was widely mourned. Dr. A Washington’s Birthday dinner and dance Cuno had been Chancellor of Germany and Ger¬ were held in the spacious ballroom of the At¬ man Ambassador to the 'United States. He lantic Hotel, Hamburg, on February 22 under played an important role in the political and com¬ the auspices of the American Club. The presi¬ mercial life not only of Hamburg but of the dent of the club, Mr. E. L. Quarles, proposed nation. the health of the President of the United States and paid a tribute to the memory of George Recent visitors to Hamburg have included Washington. Consul General John E. Kehl Vice Consul Hugh C. Fox, en route from proposed the health of the President of Ger¬ Buenos Aires to Berlin; Vice Consul Leslie G. many. There was a good attendance includ¬ Mayer, Riga, on payless furlough which he ing representatives of many branches of Ham¬ spent mainly in Bavaria, and Dr. John Mc¬ burg’s official, cultural and business circles. Mullen, Medical Director of the U. S. Public Health Service in Europe. CONSUL JOHN H. BRUINS. George D. LaMont, Third Secretary at. Kovno, Lithuania, and Miss Wilma L. Walsh, of Dorset, Vt., were married at Hamburg on NAPLES February 18, 1933. The bride had arrived from FEBRUARY 23, 1933. America the day previously. After a brief stay Consul Rufus H. Lane, Jr., passed through in Hamburg, Mr. and Mrs. LaMont left for Naples February 4 on his way to his post at Berlin, where they planned to spend a week be¬ Patras, Greece, and with him were his mother fore proceeding to Kovno where the groom has and sister who are to spend some time at his already been stationed for over two years. post.

Photo by Stemmer, Budapest STAFF OF AMERICAN CONSULATE GENERAL, BUDAPEST, HUNGARY, FEBRUARY 13, 1933 Seated, left to right Clerk John J, Ronto, Clerk Steven Hattala, Consul Fletcher IFarren, Consul General John Fall Osborne, Vice Consul Overton G. Ellis, Jr., and V ice Consul Ernest V. Polutnik. Standing—Clerk Andor Fischer, Clerk Elina P. Laurvik, Clerk Elizabeth Gal, Clerk Dr. Alexander Kauffmann Clerk Elizabeth Rakosi, Clerk Maria Bcncdek, Clerk Alice Tolnai, Messenger Andras Keleman, and Messenger Laszlo Kelemen 141 _ ^HB^MERICANpOREIGN gERYICE JOURNAL

Mrs. Kennett F. Potter, wife of the Third Caponera has been clerk in the Consulate in Secretary of Legation at Bangkok, Siam, called Florence since October, 1923, prior to which at the Naples Consulate General on February 11. date he was clerk in the American Consulate at Trieste. Mr. Edwin G. May, United States Treasury Attache at Milan, was in Naples February 16 Consul Travers states, and claims he has wit¬ and attended the weekly luncheon of the staff nesses to prove it, that he made a hole in one on of the Naples Consulate General. the Palermo golf course. He further states that the drive went into the cup on the fly and did not roll in. This story is not vouched for by Mrs. Gordon P. Merriam, wife of Consul this Consulate General. Merriam at Cairo, Egypt, spent a few hours in CONSUL C. P. KUYKENDALL. Naples on February 18 while on her way to Switzerland. VANCOUVER, B. C.

Mr. James H. MacLafferty, former United MARCH 7, 1933. States Congressman from California, and Mrs. Consul General Ely E. Palmer and Mrs. Palmer MacLafferty were in Naples for some days dur¬ ing the latter part of February. recently entertained members of the staff and their wives at a tea in honor of Consul and Mrs. Harold S. Tewell, prior to their departure for Habana, Vice Consuls Fred W. Jandrey and Norris where Mr. Tewell has been transferred. A mys¬ Rediker passengers on board the S. S. Excalibur terious “collect” telegram for Mr. Tewell heralded calling at Naples February 6, were in transit to the presentation to the guests of honor, with ap¬ their respective posts at Calcutta and Bombay. propriate remarks by Consul General Palmer to which both Mr. and Mrs. Tewell ably responded, of a token of the esteem of their colleagues. A son, Giovanni, was born to Mr. and Mrs. The departure of the Tewells from Vancouver, Virgilio Caponera on January 7, 1933. Mr. where they had been stationed for nine years, is sincerely regretted by a large number of friends both within and without the official “family circle.” ROBERT F. HALE.

MANCHESTER, ENGLAND MARCH 6, 1933. On Inauguration Day (March 4) Vice Consul and Mrs. Wallace E. Moessner entertained at a tea reception at the Midland Hotel a large number of their friends including the Lady Mayoress of Manchester, Consul and Mrs. Alfred R. Thom¬ son, as well as various other members of the American community and the Consular Corps.

EXPLAINING AMERICA An authoritative article on the front page of the Corriere della Sera, of Milan, explaining the Amendment to the American Constitution says: n “The newly elected Congressmen remain at their CONSUL A. W. FERRIN homes following their usual vocations and do not and his cats, Teresa and Flamenca take the road for Washington until after four (Pen sketch by Tomas Pellicer, editor of Vida Grafica, months to arrive there on the Fourth of March. of Malaga, Spain) For this reason they are called “Lame Ducks!” 142 HAMILTON, BERMUDA President Hoover, visited Montreal recently ac¬ \\ ashington’s birthday was fittingly observed in companied by Mrs. MacChesney. They were Bermuda yesterday when the American Consul luncheon guests of the Consul General and Mrs. and Mrs. Graham Kemper gave a reception at Frost at the University Club, with several other the Princess Hotel which was attended by a large eminent persons. and distinguished company. IIis Excellency the Governor and Lady Cubitt The Consul General has been in demand as a were present and the guests included representa¬ club speaker this winter. He has addressed not tives of the Navy, Army and Civil Service, to¬ only the Montreal Canadian Club, perhaps the gether with prominent members of local and visit¬ most important organization of its kind in Canada, ing society. but also a number of other clubs and organiza¬ Mr. and Mrs. Kemper, assisted by Mr. and tions, including the Women’s Canadian Clubs at Mrs. Edwin Clay Merrell, received their guests in Toronto and Ottawa. the reception room adjoining the hall-room, and the hotel orchestra furnished music for dancing. Mrs. John Randolph, wife of the Consul at Quebec, recently spent a day at the home of Con¬ M ON TREAT., CANADA sul and Mrs. Keeley who entertained at luncheon MARCH 17, 1933. for her. Mrs. Randolph, accompanied by her two General N. \Y. MacChesney, whose nomination children, was en route to the United States to visit as Minister to Canada was sent to the Senate by her parents.

ALGIERS On the• occasion of the retirement of Consul General Oscar S. Heiser, February 28, 1933, after 28 years service in the Near East, the staff of the Consulate at Algiers fresented him with a suitably engraved loving cup as a souvenir. Left to right—Consul General Heiser, Vice Consul Joseph I. Touchette, Clerks John H. Elwell, Miss Mira Krulic, Miss Selina Risa, and William Lawson. 143 HABANA they leave late in March for Washington. They are making a short visit in the interior of the MARCH 16, 1933. Island before sailing. Consul General and Mrs. Monnett B. Davis have returned to Habana from a tour of Cuban posts they have recently completed on his inspec¬ NANKING, CHINA tion trip, and are proceeding from here to Nassau. Recent changes in the staff of the Consulate Apropos of the marriage at Nanking on De¬ General have included the departure of Consul and cember 25, 1932, of Vice Consul Lincoln C. Rey¬ Mrs. Harold B. Quarton for Panama and Ecua¬ nolds and Miss Damaris Peck (announcement of dor, where Mr. Quarton has been assigned as Con¬ which appears elsewhere), it is learned that Mr. sul General at Guayaquil, the arrival of Vice Con¬ Reynolds before his appointment in 1930 as Vice sul and Mrs. Donald D. Edgar from the United Consul at Nanking was engaged in commercial States, and the departure of Vice Consul Theo¬ work in Chosen and China. Miss Damaris Peck dore C. Achilles by air for Florida and Cali¬ was born in 1913 in the American Legation, Peip¬ ing, and after her father, Willys R. Peck, was fornia, where he will spend his furlough before reporting to the Foreign Service Officers’ Train¬ transferred from the Department of State to be ing School in the Department. Counselor of Legation and Consul General at Nanking, she entered Mills College, California. It was during a visit to her parents that she met George Roberts Andrews, the young son of Vice Consul Reynolds. Diplomatic Secretary and Mrs. George D. An¬ drews, Jr., was the leading figure at a christening party on February 26. HARBIN, CHINA George C. Hanson, Consul General at Harbin, Vice Consul Richard S. Huestis stopped at Ha¬ made a trip by rail early in this year to Barga, bana on his way to Kingston, Jamaica, his new the country beyond the Khingan Mountains on the western branch of the Chinese Eastern Rail¬ post, and Vice Consul Dorsey Fisher showed him way. Mr. Hanson was accompanied by Vice the town in order that they might compare its at¬ Consul Lilliestrom and Capt. L. Passmore, of tractions with those of Calcutta, where both were the U. S. Marine Corps (detailed to Harbin to previously stationed. Vice Consul Gaston A. study Russian), three American business men Cournoyer, formerly at Kingston, was another re¬ and two Russian merchants; there were also cent visitor in Habana, en route to Vera Cruz. two ladies in the party, Mrs. Passmore and Mrs. Dulckeit, an American friend of Mrs. Passmore. Vice Consul and Mrs. Homer M. Byington, Leaving Harbin on January 11, they reached Jr., are planning to drive north from Miami when Manchouli the following day, where after calls on the Japanese and Soviet offi¬ cials they were entertained by an American family residing there. The next day they proceeded to Hailar, where they were greeted by many Russian and Mongol friends. A seven-passenger Buick car being placed at their disposal, Mr. Planson and the men went wolf hunting, despite the fact that there was a bitterly cold wind blowing. In the evening the party was invited to a suskiyaki supper, followed by a Russian dinner. The next day they were FORMER OFFICE BUILDING AMERICAN CONSULATE GENERAL, MUKDEN entertained at dinner in a Chinese (occupying a Temple building) restaurant. 144 MUKDEN, CHINA View from street of main en¬ trance, including porter’s lodge, showing completion of construc¬ tion of ivall and lodge enclos¬ ing consular property. The plot of ground belongs to tlte United States Government, but as yet has no other improvements on it. The authorities recently re¬ quired property owners either to erect a building or put a wall around vacant lots; the latter alternative zvas chosen in this case. Group in front of entrance, left to right—Mr. Palcek, contrac¬ tors' assistant; Consul A. S. Chase; Consul General M. S. Myers; the Contractor, Mr. Lothar Marcks; and the Build¬ ing Supervisor, Mr. W. A. Mitchell.

Yakeshi was their destination the next day, Requests made to Foreign Service officers are where they visited the school for Russian chil¬ many and varied. Vice Consul Stuart Allen, at dren, and were entertained by the singing of Tientsin, China, sends in a copy of a letter from Russian New Year songs and dancing by the a 12-year-old school-girl in Texas, who modestly children. They then inspected the local indus¬ tries, flour mill, creamery, cheese factory, hay ( ?) asks, as a help to the study of geography in pressing, stables, etc. They also made a trip by her school, for “books containing pictures of car pulled over rails by a horse into the forest China, and also money that you use there. . . . My to a large timber concession. The next day was teacher told me to ask you if you would please spent in a shooting trip by trolley and sleighs, blackcock being the game sought. Two days send me also a ring or a risk watch for our room, later they arrived back at Harbin, the trip being to remember you forever.” Wrist watches are very pleasant despite the extreme cold. certainly rather risky things!

STAFF OF AMERI¬ CAN CONSULATE NAIROBI, KENYA, EAST AFRICA November, 1932

Left to right—Murretti, messenger; Mrs. Dorothy IV. Dixon, clerk; Vice Consul Oscar Thomason; Miss Anne Barry, clerk; and M a u, messenger. (Vice Consul Brockholst Lh’ingston is absent from the group, he writes, be¬ cause of his previous ap¬ pearances with other staffs.)

145 FOREIGN SERVICE CHANGES Henry B. Hitchcock, of Ellenville, N. Y., American Consul at Nagasaki, Japan, died at Yokohama, lapan, on Released for Publication, February 25, 1933 March 1, 1933. The following changes have occurred in the Non-Career Foreign Service since February 18, 133: John B. Keogh, of New York City, N. Y., now serving Merritt N. Cootes, of Fort Myer, Va., American Vice as clerk at Nassau, Bahamas, has been appointed Ameri¬ Consul at Port-au-Prince, Haiti, assigned to the For¬ can Vice Consul, non-career, at that post. eign Service Officers’ Training School for a course of Louis S. Peckham, of Clay Center, Kans., American instruction, beginning April 4, 1933. Vice Consul at Antofagasta, Chile, assigned Vice Consul Ralph J. Blake, of Portland, Oreg., American Vice at Cartagena, Colombia. Consul at Tsinan, China, assigned Vice Consul at Har¬ Augustus Ostertag, of Downingtown, Pa., American bin, China. Vice Consul at Bremen, Germany, assigned Vice Consul Douglas Jenkins, Jr., of Charleston, S. C., American at Lagos, West Africa. Vice Consul at Yunnanfu, China, assigned Vice Consul Charles Raymond Myers, of Williamsport, Pa., Ameri¬ at Nanking, China. can Vice Consul at Lagos, West Africa, resigned effec¬ James K. Penfield, of San Francisco, Calif., American tive June 30, 1933. Vice Consul at Canton, China, assigned Vice Consul at Mukden, China. Walter M. Walsh, of Denver, Colo., American Vice Sheridan Talbott, of Bardstown, Ky., American Con¬ Consul at Prince Rupert, Canada, assigned Vice Consul sul at Bluefields, Nicaragua, ordered to the Department at Vancouver, Canada. of State. The American Consulate at Bluefields, Nicaragua, has Llewellyn E. Thompson, Jr., of Los Animas, Colo., been ordered closed. American Vice Consul at Colombo, Ceylon, assigned Vice Consul at Geneva, Switzerland. Harry L. Troutman, of Macon, Ga., American Consul at Bucharest, Rumania, assigned Consul at Salonika, Greece. Non-Career Banking Service Plenry S. Haines, of Burlington, N. J., American Vice Consul at Bluefields, Nicaragua, appointed Vice Consul To Foreign Service Officers at Porto Alegre, Brazil, on closing the office at Bluefields. The assignment to Harbin, China, of Carl O. Haw¬ thorne, of Missouri, has been cancelled. He will remain Vice Consul at Tsingtao, China. William R. Morton, of Brooklyn, N. Y., American Vice Consul at Athens, Greece, appointed Vice Consul at With over forty-one years Glasgow, Scotland. Lincoln C. Reynolds, of California, American Vice experience in banking and trust Consul at Nanking, China, appointed Vice Consul at business, we offer every financial Foochow, China. facility to those in the Foreign Myron FI. Schraud, of San Antonio, Tex., American Service. Vice Consul at Puerto Castilla. Honduras, appointed Vice Consul at Puerto Cortes, Honduras, on closing the office at Puerto Castilla. A banking connection in Wash¬ Paul Dean Thompson, of Los Angeles, Calif., Ameri¬ ington, D. C., with this Institu¬ can Vice Consul at St. Michael’s, Azores, appointed Vice tion will be a source of satisfac¬ Consul at Milan, Italy. tion while on duty at a foreign Released for Publication, March 6, 1933 post. The following changes have occurred in the Foreign Service since February 25, 1933: Thomas C. Wasson, of Newark, N. J., American Vice Consul at Puerto Cortes, Honduras, assigned Vice Con¬ sul at Naples, Italy. AMERICAN SECURITY 1 ’ AND TRUST C OMPAVY • | S. Pinkney Tuck, of New Brighton, N. Y., First Secre¬ tary of Legation at Prague, Czechoslovakia, designated First Secretary of Embassy at Paris, France. 15th and Penna. Ave. Brockholst Livingston, of Westport, N. Y., American Four Branches Vice Consul at Nairobi, East Africa, assigned Vice Con¬ sul at Colombo, Ceylon. Capital, $3,400,000 William R. Langdon, of Dedham, Mass., American Surplus, $3,400,000 Consul now on temporary detail in the Department, assigned American Consul at Montreal, Canada. WASHINGTON’S LARGEST Orray Taft, Jr., of Santa Barbara, Calif., American TRUST COMPANY Vice Consul at Guadalajara, Mexico, assigned Vice Con¬ sul at Mexico City, Mexico. 146 The American Vice Consulate at Puerto Castilla, Honduras, will be closed March 31, 1933, records and archives to be preserved at Ceiba, Honduras.

Released for Publication, March 11, 1933 'The following changes have occurred in the Foreign Service since March 6, 1933: Bernard C. Connelly, of Rock Island, 111,, now Ameri¬ can Vice Consul at Sydney, Australia, assigned Vice Consul at Melbourne. Bernard Gotlieb, of New York City, now American Consul at Wellington, New Zealand, assigned Consul at Messina, Italy. Richard B. Haven, of Chicago, 111., now American Consul at Messina, assigned Consul at Turin, Italy. William W. Heard, of Baltimore, Md., now American Consul at Turin, Italy, assigned Consul at Breslau, Ger¬ Security (.Steel) Vans, Available throughout many. the World. Safe, Economical. Joel C. Hudson, of St. Louis, Mo., now American Consul at Melbourne, Australia, assigned Consul at Sura¬ baya, Java. Carlton Hurst, of Washington, D. C., now American Consul at Nogales, Mexico, assigned Consul at Penang, Insurance Straits Settlements. Thomas H. Robinson, of New Jersey, now American A Special world-wide policy for Foreign Consul at Penang, assigned Consul at Nogales. Service Officers, covering against fire and burglary, theft, larceny while at home, Released for publication, March 18, 1933 covering baggage while traveling, cover¬ The following changes have occurred in the ing household effects during shipment, all Foreign Service since March 11, 1933: for $20 per year per $1,000. The assignment to the Foreign Service Officers’ Train¬ ing School, class of April 4, 1933, of Douglas Flood, Written in a strong American Company. Kenilworth. 111., has been cancelled. He will remain as American Y'ice Consul at Ottawa, Canada. Ordinary losses adjusted bv the Security Frederick V. Schweitzer, of Amarillo, Tex., American Vice Consul at Brisbane, Australia, has resigned effective Storage Company direct. Send for March IS, 1933. sample policy. The American Consular Agency at San Jose, Guate¬ mala, has been ordered closed effective March 31, 1933, when the services of the acting Consular Agent, Mr. Leonard A. Summerhayes, will terminate. Archives and records will be preserved at Guatemala. J&rurif'g jSforagF (Jotnpang The resignation of Mr. Howard B. Osborn, of New' Jersey. Honorary Y’ice Consul at Rangoon, India, has A safe depository for forty-two years been accepted effective January 23, 1933. The resignation of Mr. Henry T. Purdy, of New York, Honorary Vice Consul at San Jose, Costa Rica, has been 1140 Fifteenth Street, Washington accepted effective March 3, 1933. Telegram “Storage” European Office “To write clearly, not only the most expressive 31 Place du Marche St. Honore, PARIS hut the plainest words should be chosen. The fondness of some writers for words that carry Telegram “Medium” with them an air of learning prevents them from Agents in all principal cities through whom being understood by more than half the people. we undertake packing and shipping household If a man wishes his messages to have an effect goods to and from anywhere—from a package on all readers, he had better be guided by the to a housef ul writer who would use only words that could be understood by his cook.” C. A. ASPINWALL, President —Benjamin Franklin. 147 IN MEMORIAM

Sincere sympathy is extended to James J. Mur¬ phy, Jr., chief of the Commercial Office, Depart¬ ment of State, in the death on February 15, 1933, Promptly delivered around of his father, James J. Murphy at Philadelphia. the corner or around Mr. Murphy, who was well known in Philadelphia the world! in the lumber business for the past 50 years, had been ill for many months past.

WASHINGTON, D. C. The Department announced on March 1, PHONE NATIONAL 4278 1933, with deepest regret, the death on that day Main Store 1212 F Street N. W. at Yokohama of Henry B. Hitchcock, American 44 Years Satisfactory Service Consul at Nagasaki. Death was due to a heart attack after an operation. Mr. Hitchcock was born at Canton Centre, BIRTHS Conn., March 7, 1887. After receiving his A.B. degree at Yale, he was appointed Student Inter¬ A daughter, Sheila Mills, was born on Septem¬ preter in Japan on March 12, 1912, and Inter¬ ber 10, 1932, at Panama City, to Diplomatic Sec¬ preter at Yokohama March 23, 1915. After retary and Mrs. Sheldon T. Mills. serving at Yokohama, Nagasaki, Taihoko, Tokyo, and Kobe, Mr. Hitchcock was appointed A daughter, Marjorie Moors Cabot, was horn Consul at Nagasaki October 8, 1925. on January 26, 1933, at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, On November 24, 1932, upon the completion to Diplomatic Secretary and Mrs. John M. Cabot. by Mr. Hitchcock of 10 years of service at Nagasaki, a testimonial signed by 75 American A son, Henry Allen Holmes, was born on Jan¬ residents of the Nagasaki Consular district was uary 31. 1933, at Bucharest, Rumania, to Diplo¬ presented to him, as well as a silver rose bowl matic Secretary and Mrs. Julius C. Holmes. inscribed to him and his wife with felicitations on their service. A son, Jeremy Bartlett Palmer, was horn on The following is a copy of the testimonial February 21, 1933, at Marseille, France, to Vice above referred to: Consul and Mrs. John P. Palmer. “Wo, Americans resident in the Nagasaki Consular District, extend to you, our Consul, most cordial felici¬ A son, Alan Franklin Atwood, was born on tations upon your notable completion of a decade of serv¬ March 8, 1933, at Santiago, Chile, to Consul and ice in our midst. “For much of the time during these ten years, you have Mrs. Franklin B. Atwood. been at your post alone, and we have grown accustomed to count upon your unfailing presence, and to turn to you for counsel on any subject affecting the life of your MARRIAGES fellow-countrymen in Japan. Antoniades-Gault. Married at Athens, Greece, “At times during the years which you have spent here, on August 24, 1932, John Antoniades and Miss misunderstanding and unfriendly feeling have threatened to mar the traditional goodwill between America and Anne Gault. Mrs. Antoniades is a member of the Japan, and have rendered your task more difficult. We clerical staff of the American Consulate General have, however, taken satisfaction in the knowledge that at Athens. Mr. Antoniades is a local architect. the esteem in which you are held by local Japanese offi¬ cials, together with your thorough and sympathetic ac¬ quaintance with present-day Japan, and your high Reynolds-Peck. Married at Nanking, China, on standards of the dignity of the Consular service, pro¬ December 25, 1932, Vice Consul Lincoln Carol vided assurance that in every situation you would rep¬ Reynolds and Miss Damaris Peck, daughter of resent worthily the great nation whose commission you bear. Consul General and Mrs. Willys R. Peck. “We look upon these years of your service as a period of quiet, constructive planning on behalf of those whom Lamont-Walsh. Married at Hamburg, Ger¬ you have served here. As a result of your untiring many, on February 18, 1933, George D. Lamont, efforts, we now see the Consulate permanently housed in property well located and owned by the United States Third Secretary and Vice Consul at Kaunas, of America. This property serves not only as a work¬ Lithuania, and Miss Wilma L. Walsh, of Dorset, shop for you and your staff, but also as the center of all Vt. our interests and activities as an American Community 148 “To ycur inspiration we owe the founding, soon after Colombia, September 15, 1913; the following year your arrival, of the American Association of Nagasaki. he was transferred to Owen Sound, Ontario; in Your encouragement and guidance have led to the devel¬ opment of an American group consciousness, which finds March, 1915, he was assigned to Fort William and expression in our annual observance together of the typi¬ Port Arthur, Ontario; after acting as assistant, cal American national holidays, and our cooperation Second Pan-American Scientific Congress, Wash¬ with other American groups in Japan. ington, 1915-16, he was assigned to Mombasa, “It has been our joy, too, to possess in this center of British East Africa; thence on May 25, 1918, he our community a normal American home and family life. Mrs. Hitchcock and the children share with you was transferred to Adelaide, South Australia, in the affection and regard of your constituency, and where he stayed until 1921, during which time your mother’s presence brings benediction to us all. In he took courses of study at the university in that your family circle we see exemplified a reverent loyalty to the ideals which underlie American life, and we find city; in February, 1921, he was assigned to Bata¬ our own lives enriched by your friendship. via, where his commercial work was especially “At this time, accordingly, we delight to bring to you, commended; in 1922 he was sent to Sydney, Aus¬ along with our cordial recognition of your official service, tralia, but later in the year he was detailed to the this sincere expression of our personal appreciation. We Department where he stayed until March, 1923, ask you to accept as from the depths of our hearts this testimonial of what you and yours mean to us.” when he was assigned to Belfast; the following year he was promoted to Consul General, and on Mr. Hitchcock married at Yokohama in 1919 July 1, 1924, to Foreign Service Officer of Class 3; Miss Sarah Johnston, of Boonton, N. J. They in November, 1926, he was assigned to Genoa, had a son and two daughters. The family home where he made some outstanding economic studies ; is at Ellenvilie, N. Y. July 24, 1930, he was advanced to Class 2, and in Sincere sympathy is extended to the bereaved September, 1930, appointed Secretary in the Diplo¬ family. matic Service and sent as Counselor of Embassy at Lima, Peru; after serving there until June, 1932, he was stationed for some months in the His many friends in the Service will be pain¬ Department, in the office of the Economic Ad¬ fully shocked to learn of the sudden death of viser; and in December, 1932, he was appointed Henry P. Starrett, Consul General at Algiers, Consul General at Algiers, for which post he sailed which occurred at that city on March 18, 1933, from New York on February 7, 1933. Mr. Star¬ following an operation for appendicitis. rett was a very valuable officer of long and varied Henry Prince Starrett was born in Boston, experience who took a deep interest in his work Mass., on December 14, 1885. (Of recent years, and in the Service. His personality was so like¬ however, his legal residence was at Dade City, able as to quickly win friendship wherever he Fla.) After attending high school and business went. college in Maine, he was employed in 1905-6 as Sincere sympathy is extended to his widow and clerk in the American Consulate at Santiago de three children in their sad and sudden bereave¬ Cuba ; the following year he served as Recorder ment. in the U. S. A. Engineer’s office at Guantanamo Bay; in October, 1907, he was appointed Deputy Henry Hays Morgan, who retired as Consul Consul General at Habana; after passing the ex¬ General in 1926, died in London on March 19, amination he was appointed Consul at Cartagena, 1933, at the home of his daughter, Viscountess

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149 The official despatch reporting his death reads: “1 have the honor to report with deep regret the death on January 16, 1933, of Dr. Enrico Qjour SHOPPING... Buonocore, Acting Assistant Surgeon in the We know all the NewY ork shops, their mer=* United States Public Health Service, who has c handise, styles and economical ways to buy. been attached to this Consulate General in various We will shop with you when inNewYork, or medical capacities since 1901. will purchase and ship to you. Alembers of “Dr. Buonocore was a scholar of considerable the Foreign Service are finding our shopping note in medical circles in Naples. For 12 years bureau convenient. Send for our literature. he was Physician at the Ospedale degli Incurabili WhconsTn MRS. LEWIS MIDDLETON (Hospital for Incurables), and in 1884 he did 7 = 1 6 8 3 366Fifth Avenue,NewYork.N.y. notable work in collaboration with Dr. Munthe in the great cholera outbreak in Naples. “He has acted as medical representative of the United States Public Health Service since 1901, receiving a regular appointment November 1, Furness, where he had been seriously ill for a 1912. During this period of 31 years he has per¬ week. formed valuable service for the United States Consul General Morgan was horn in New Or¬ Government in connection with the physical ex¬ leans, La., December 14, 1860. He was educated amination of alien emigrants to the United States, at Brussels, Belgium, and at Bonn, Germany; also and of American seamen and veterans. He has at Exeter Academy, N. IT. After studying law, supervised disinfection of goods and ships pro¬ he was appointed Secretary of Legation at Mexico ceeding to the United States and measures required City, September 27, 1882; he retired in 1885 and by quarantine regulations. The records of this was employed as an attorney to prosecute the Consulate General indicate that Dr. Buonocore Belden claim against the Mexican Government. rendered professional services of a high character For a few years thereafter he was engaged in throughout this long period and that he was al¬ mining operations in Mexico and in foreign travel. ways a loyal, interested and able officer. In June, 1897, he was appointed Consul at Hor- “His funeral occurred yesterday (January 17) gen, Switzerland, and later at Aarau, Lucerne, and was attended by me and two other members Stuttgart, and Amsterdam. On May 11, 1910, he of my staff and a representative of the United was appointed Consul General at Barcelona; in 1913 he was transferred to Hamburg, in 1918 to States Public Health Service. He leaves a widow and two sons. Antwerp, in 1919 to Brussels, and in 1923 to Consul General Coert du Bois.” Buenos Aires, where he served until his retirement H. M. B. on July 31, 1926, under the provisions of the Acts of May 24, 1924, and July 3, 1926. Two of his daughters, Mrs. Reginald C. Van¬ derbilt and Lady Furness, were with Mr. Morgan at the end, as was also his son, Harry H. Morgan, Jr. Another daughter is Mrs. Benjamin Thaw. Jr., wife of the Counselor of Legation at Oslo, Norway. Sincere sympathy is extended to the be¬ reaved family.

DR. ENRICO BUONOCORE Buonocore—translated into English, “good heart,” and thus will he be recembered by his lov¬ ing friends of the Consulate General at Naples. “Old Boney,” “Dear Old Boney,” never too tired to respond to every call for assistance; always cheerful, always kindly, loved by all. Vice Con¬ suls, Consuls, and Consuls General, he has helped DR. ENRICO BUONOCORE them all, has seen them come and go for over 30 Acting Assistant Surgeon, United States Public Health years, and now he, too, has passed on. Sendee 150 BUREAU OF ACCOUNTS (Continued from page 139) the amount are then sent to the interested parties for collection. Bills for members of Congress Hotel Martinique are typed in the form of third person notes; FIVE BLOCKS FROM THE WHITE HOUSE standard voucher forms are used for the billing of other Government departments, establish¬ SIXTEENTH STREET AT M ments, and private individuals. A separate schedule of telegrams billed is kept, and as pay¬ WASHINGTON, D. C. ! ments are received notation is made thereon, giv¬ t ing date of payment. Checks, money orders and cash received in payment are listed on a schedule of collections which is prepared by the Bureau in | cHn Hotel of triplicate. On this schedule are entered pay¬ ments of telegraph bills and in addition pay¬ ‘Distinction ments for services performed in behalf of other Government establishments, passport fees col¬ \ lected by the Department and the Governors of Special Rates United States insular possessions, special de¬ J To Active and Retired Foreign posits and various refunds. This schedule, to¬ gether with the collections, is sent to the Dis¬ Service Officers and Their bursing Officer of the Department for deposit in Families the United States Treasury. At the end of each month a summary of collections is made and IWrite for Booklet checked with the summary prepared by the Dis¬ L. R. HAWKINS, Manager bursing Officer. Before credit may be allowed in the accounts of the officers for the cost of these telegrams evidence must be furnished to the General Accounting Officer that the amounts the field, such as ascertaining the whereabouts have been collected, giving certificate of deposit and welfare of individuals, relief of American number and date. nationals, letters rogatory, copies of documents, etc. When the deposit is received, instructions Provision is made in the annual Appropriation are sent to the officers abroad advising them of Act of the Department for this service. During the service to be performed. They are instructed the last fiscal year the Bureau sent out 1,661 bills. to draw on the Secretary of State for such It also received and deposited 2,693 checks, some amounts as may be required, not, however, to ex¬ representing the amounts collected on account of ceed the amount of the deposit. When the drafts telegrams, and others covering suspensions and are received they are vouchered and transmitted disallowances in accounts. to the Disbursing Officer of the Department for Funds come into the hands of Foreign Service payment. If there are balances of the deposits Officers from time to time on account of wages to be returned, special refund vouchers are pre¬ of American seamen, and for other purposes. pared in the Bureau for the amounts, for which When the amounts cannot be disposed of due to checks are transmitted by the Disbursing Officer the death of the payee, or for other reasons, the of the Department to the depositors. During funds are forwarded to the Bureau of Accounts, 1932 the Bureau handled 106 special deposit which in turn transmits them to the Treasury to cases. be sent up as Special Trust Fund Accounts. When claims are made against these deposits, it Extradition is the duty of the Audit Section to ascertain The Auditing Section also handles accounts in whether or not the claims are valid, and, if so, connection with extradition. There are three approve and transmit them to the General Ac¬ classes of such accounts: Federal, State and ac¬ counting Office, Claims Division, for settlement. counts for expenditures made at the request of Foreign Governments. The expenses in connec¬ Special Deposits tion with Federal cases are payable from the De¬ The Bureau also receives special deposits from partment’s appropriation “Bringing Home Crim¬ private individuals, corporations, and firms in the inals.” The expenses of State cases are paid United States to cover charges for services in from the same appropriation and a bill subse- 151 ■quently sent to the state requesting the extradi¬ Adjustment Certificates tion. When payment is received the check is de¬ When accounts are examined, great care must posited in the Treasury to the credit of the ap¬ be exercised to see that expenditures from the propriation concerned. Expenses in connection proceeds of drafts drawn or requisitions made with extradition cases for foreign governments are in accordance with the appropriations indi¬ are incurred and paid by the Department of Jus¬ cated thereon. In some instances parts of the tice. That department transmits its statement of amounts received on drafts and requisitions are expenses to the Department for forwarding to used to defray expenses chargeable to appropria¬ the interested government. When payment is made, the amount is sent to the Department of tions other than those for which funds were re¬ Justice for deposit in the Treasury to the credit ceived. When that is done, it is necessary for the auditor to prepare a transfer memorandum, of the appropriation from which the expense was paid. which is handed to the Bookkeeping Division for the purpose of having the proper adjustment Comptroller General Decisions made in the appropriations concerned. A copy Many decisions are rendered by the Comptrol¬ of this memorandum is also transmited to the ler General which are of interest to the Depart¬ General Accounting Office with the account. ment. In the audit of accounts these decisions That office thereafter issues adjustment certifi¬ must be referred to frequently. For the purpose cates, in accordance with its findings, in connec¬ of ready reference, the Bureau maintains a card tion with these transfers. These certificates are record of decisions affecting the examination and sent to the Department to be verified and, if audit of State Department accounts. The Bu¬ found correct, one copy is signed and returned reau carded 341 decisions bearing on various to the General Accounting Office and the other accounting matters. is retained in the Bureau. In the event of a dis¬ pute with regard to the appropriations to be Certificates of Settlement of Accounts charged and credited, it is necessary to take the The Bureau receives certificates of settlement matter up by correspondence and have the ad¬ of accounts of diplomatic, consular and special justment made satisfactory to all concerned. disbursing officers. These certificates as a rule During the past year, the Bureau verified 4,874 cover periods of from three to six months. WWn of these certificates. the certificates are received, the auditors check up Pre-Audit Vouchers the various items of difference and conduct corre¬ spondence with the officers in the field, with a view Several years ago the General Accounting to have the items eliminated at the earliest prac¬ Office suggested that certain vouchers of the ticable date. This is brought about by having the Department and agencies under its control be officers furnish additional information, vouchers, submitted to it for pre-audit prior to payment. certificates, etc., or by having them remit the This suggestion was acquiesced in by the Bu¬ amounts suspended for deposit in the Treasury to reau. It necessitates extra work for the reason the credit of the appropriations concerned. Dur¬ that the vouchers must be scheduled for trans¬ ing the period covered by this report, the Bureau mission to the General Accounting Office and received and examined 2,150 certificates of settle¬ schedules of the pre-audit vouchers must be pre¬ ment. pared for transmission to the Disbursing Officer In order that items of difference in the ac¬ of the Department for payment. Under this ar¬ counts of officers may be favorably considered rangement, however, the Bureau is having by the General Accounting Office, it is required charged to its appropriations involved prior to that correspondence submitted to that office in payment, the amounts of these vouchers before explanation of these items be signed by the offi¬ they are sent to the General Accounting Office cer concerned. In many instances these letters for pre-audit. It is also having set up, prior to are transmitted to the Department in original submission to that office, the amounts of all claims and some contracts, thereby showing the only. It is, therefore, necessary to have such available balances of appropriation insofar as it letters copied in order that the original may +>e is possible to do so. In connection therewith it transmitted to the General Accounting Office. was necessary to prepare 2,179 schedules. During the past year the Bureau copied 2,409 pages, some for the purpose indicated above, Certificates of no Transactions and other copying necessary in connection with Standard Form No. 1063 was designed and accounting matters. approved by the Comptroller General for the use 152 of collecting and disbursing officers or agents Certificates of Transfer for Personal who have not had any fiscal transactions during Convenience certain periods. Paragraph 41 of the Department’s Supple¬ That form is required to be submitted to the ment to the Standardized Government Travel Department by officers in the field who have Regulations provides that: “An officer or clerk received no advances, nor made collections or transferred from one post to another, at his own disbursements, and had no balance to account request, and for his own convenience, will not be for during a certain period. When these forms entitled to reimbursement for the expenses of are received, they must be examined to ascertain himself or his family, or of subsistence en route, whether or not the officer had any fiscal trans- or of the transportation of effects.” 'actions during the period stated therein. In Under this provision the General Accounting many instances the forms are not certified by the Office requires that travel accounts for expenses Chief of the Bureau for the reason that drafts in connection with transfers be accompanied by have been drawn and/or balances in the hands a certificate to the effect that such transfers were of the officers are to be accounted for, etc. Dur¬ not made at the officer’s request, or for their own ing the last year 5,581 of these certificates were convenience. During the year 113 of these cer¬ bandied by the Bureau. tificates were prepared and forwarded to that Fee Stamps office. Such certificate is now required by law (Public 263—72nd Congress, approved July 5, The Bureau also issues fee stamps to be 1932.) affixed to documents by the officers in the field. A separate record is kept of all fee stamps printed, issued, returned or destroyed. Requisi¬ During the year the Bureau prepared 165 re¬ tions for the yearly supply of stamps are prepared ports on various subjects, some of which required and sent to the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. considerable research. Many of these reports are When the stamps are received, they are carefully prepared for the Budget Officer of the Depart¬ checked and entered in the Fee Stamp ledger. ment for his use, while in attendance at hearings The ledger is balanced and an inventory of the on appropriations. A report of balances in the stamps on hand is taken once a month. The hands of disbursing officers is made annually for Bureau filled 205 fee stamp requisitions during the Treasury Department. This report requires the last year. the services of one clerk for about six days. The Bureau of Accounts prepares accounting As a rule practically all diplomatic and con¬ forms for use in Foreign Service, and is also sular officers who come to the United States on represented on the Committee for the Standardi¬ leaves of absence call at the Bureau of Accounts zation of Government Accounting Forms. for the purpose of receiving instructions in con¬ nection with accounting matters, or for having- Foreign Service School items of difference in their accounts removed. Under the provisions of an Executive Order During the past year the service in this connec¬ dated June 7, 1924, and Departmental Order No. tion amounted to 61.3 hours. 296, dated June 9, 1924, there was established in ALIEN PROPERTY CUSTODIAN CLAIMS and all other WAR CLAIMS in connection with confiscated properties by former allied or central governments Miscellaneous Collections here and abroad, New Financing, Funding of Debts, Re-organization of Foreign Firms, Incorporations under American Laws, Financial Investigations and Credit Information CARL M. J. von ZIELINSKI Foreign Trade and Financial Adviser 90 WALL STREET NEW YORK Cable Address: “Zielinski" All Standard Codes Used Agents and Correspondents in practically all parts of the world.

153 World’s Largest Operators of posts in Canada and Newfoundland, in all 33 offices. That office was opened on July 1, 1931. Multi-Engined Air Transports Fiscal District No. 2 was opened on January 20,166 Miles of Airways—Flying over 100.000 Miles 1. 1932, and includes the following offices: Mexico 24 Every Week Guatemala 3 El Salvador 2 Total 29 Fiscal District No. 3 was opened on July 1, 1932, and includes the following offices: France 14 Great Britain 17 Irish Free State 2 Italy 12 Portugal 3 Spain 9 Netherlands 3 Belgium 5 c Switzerland 5 aBetween United States* Mexicoeldest Indies* Central and South America Total ... 71 BOARD OF DIRECTORS W hile the accounting procedure in these dis¬ David K. E. Bruce, S. Sloan Colt, Merian C. Cooper, E. A. Deeds, Lyman Delano, Sherman M. Fairchild, G. B. Grosvenor, trict offices is slightly different from that in use Richard F. Hoyt, Leonard Kennedy, Robert Lehman, Grover in the other posts, the accounting work as a rule Loening, R. K. Mellon, George Mixter, E. O. McDonnell, Fred B. Rentschler, J. T. Trippe, Wm. H. Vanderbilt, C. V. Whitney. is practically the same, all of which is fully ex¬ J. H. Whitney. plained heretofore. President and General Manager—J. T. TRIPPE. Assistant to President—E. E. WYMAN. (To be continued) Technical Advisor—COLONEL CHARLES A. LINDBERGH. Vice President in Charge of Foreign Department—EVAN E. YOUNG. “A MAN WITH A HOBBY” GENERAL OFFICES: 122 East 42d Street, NEW YORK CITY One who has a hobby can never tire of life. He always has something of passionate interest. the Department a Foreign Service School. Sometimes the hobhy is within the scope of one’s Three times each year an auditor from the Bu¬ vocation. But for the great mass of men it can¬ reau is assigned to the school for a period of 10 not he. In none of the three fundamental types days to instruct officers in accounting procedure of hobbies (the acquiring of knowledge, the ac¬ and auditing. I11 addition to giving instructions quiring of things, the creation of things) do the he assists the officers for several days in prepar¬ daily tasks give opportunity of self-development ing their salary and travel accounts. At the end or for contributing to the happiness or welfare of of the period he is required to give a final exami¬ others. Most fortunate are they whose vocations nation, grade the papers and submit a report on allows them the scope and fervor of an avocation. the suitability of the officers for the Foreign W. K. Bixby, whose obituary appeared recently Service. in the Times, was one who, having done more than his share of the world’s work, found zest in District Accounting and Disbursing Offices civic service and in cultivating his hobbies. He In the Moses-Linthicum Act approved Febru¬ began with manuscripts, books, and paintings. ary 23, 1931, authority is given to the President But he was not a hibliotaph—a collector of books to prescribe certain fiscal districts or areas and and other things of highest human interest who to establish within such district, as a part of the shuts them away as a miser. He was a lover of Department of State service, a district accounting the choicest things of the human mind and human and disbursing office to exercise control over the skill, and was ever sharing them with others. accounts and returns of all diplomatic missions \\ hen the Bibliophile Society many years ago and consular offices within the district in such expressed the regard in which he was held by manner as the President may direct. them, they spoke not only of his taste and learn¬ Accordingly, by Executive Order dated June 11, ing but also of the unselfish generosity with which 1931, Foreign Service Fiscal District No. 1 was he placed his ‘‘priceless collections” at the service established at Ottawa, Canada, embracing all of his friends.—Nezv York Times. 154 ERECTED BY MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION IN HONOR OF THE DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR OFFICERS OF THE UNITED STATES WHO WHILE ON ACTIVE DUTY LOST THEIR LIVES UNDER TRAGIC OR HEROIC CIRCUMSTANCES

WILLIAM PALFREY PHILIP CLAYTON CARL R. LOOP Lost at sea, 1780 Yellow fever, Callao, 1877 Saving life, Catania, 1923 JOEL BARLOW HARRY H. GARNET MAX D. KIRJASSOFF Exposure, Zarnowice, 1812 African fever, Monrovia, Liberia, Earthquake, Yokohama, 1923 RICHARD C. ANDERSON 1882 PAUL E. JENKS Yellow fever, Cartagena, Colom¬ JESSE H. MOORE Earthquake, Yokohama, 1923 bia, 1823 Yellow fever, Callao, 1883 CLARENCE C. WOOLARD NATHANIEL G. INGRAHAM, JR. DAVID T. BUNKER Epidemic, Cape Haitien, Haiti, Fever, Tampico, Mexico, 1824 Yellow fever, Demerara, 1888 1923 HARRIS E. FUDGER VICTOR F. W. STANWOOD ROBERT W. IMBRIE Murdered, Bogota, Colombia, 1825 Murdered, Madagascar, 1888 Murdered, Teheran, Persia, 1924 JAMES A. HOLDEN WILLIAM D. MCCOY WILLIAM T. FRANCIS Lost at Sea, 1827 Fever, Monrovia, Liberia, 1893 Yellow fever, Liberia, 1929 JOHN S. MEIRCKEN JOHN R. MEADE WILLIAM I. JACKSON Lost at sea, 1832 Yellow fever, Santo Domingo, Drowned, attempt to save life, WILLIAM SHALER 1894 Matanzas, Cuba, 1930 Cholera, Habana, 1833 ALEXANDER L. POLLOCK JOHN T. WAINWRIGHT WILLIAM A. SPARKS Yellow fever, San Salvador, 1894 Drowned, attempt to save life, Cholera, Venice, 1849 FREDERICK MUNCHMEYER Matanzas, Cuba, 1930 THOMAS T. TURNER Yellow fever, San Salvador, 1895 G. RUSSELL TAGGART Epidemic, Bahia, 1849 JOHN B. GORMAN Hurricane, Belize, British Hon¬ Malignant malaria, Matamoros, duras, 1931 THOMAS I. MORGAN Yellow fever, Rio de Janeiro, 1850 Mexico, 1896 ALBERT S. WILLIS HARDY M. BURTON Yellow fever, St. Thomas, W. I., Malaria, Honolulu, 1897 1852 ROUNSEVELLE W^ILDMAN Lost at sea, 1901 GEORGE R. DWYER Coast fever, Mozambique, 1854 THOMAS T. PRENTIS Volcanic eruption, Martinique, BEVERLY L. CLARKE 1902 Tropical fever, Guatemala, 1860 AMEDEE TESTART ISAAC S. MCMICKEN Volcanic eruption, Martinique, Yellow fever, Acapulco, 1860 1902 GEORGE TRUE THOMAS NAST Smallpox, Funchal, 1862 Yellow fever, Guayaquil, 1902 EDWARD W. GARDNER WILLIAM F. HAVEMEYER Lost at sea, 1863 Cholera, Bassorah, Turkey, 1904 CHARLES G. HANNAH PHILIP CARROLL Yellow fever, Demerara, 1864 Fever, Mazanillo, Mexico, 1906 ABRAHAM HANSON BENJAMIN H. RIDGELY African fever, Monrovia, Liberia, Exhaustion, Mexico City, 1908 1866 ARTHUR A. CHENEY HIRAM R. HAWKINS Earthquake, Messina, 1908 Epidemic, Tumbez, Peru, 1866 JOHN W. GOURLEY Smallpox, Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, ALLEN A. HALL Epidemic, La Paz, Bolivia, 1867 1910 THEODORE C. HAMM H. E. PECK Smallpox, Durango, Mexico, 1914 Yellow fever, Haiti, 1867 ROBERT N. Me NEELY JAMES WILSON Lost at sea, 1915 Yellow fever, Venezuela, 1867 CHARLES P. MCKIERNAN JAMES H. MCCOLLEY Smallpox, Chungkiang, China, Yellow fever, Callao, 1869 1916 WILLIAM STEDMAN CHARLES F. BRISSEL Yellow fever, Santiago, Cuba, 1869 Cholera, Baghdad, 1916 CHARLES E. PERRY ALFRED L. M. GOTTSCHALK Epidemic, Aspinwall, Colombia, Lost at sea, 1918 1872 MADDIN SUMMERS THOMAS BIDDLE Exhaustion, Moscow, 1918 Epidemic, Guayaquil, Ecuador, JOHN D. O’REAR 1875 Smallpox, La Paz, Bolivia, 1918 JOHN F. FLINT LUTHER K. ZABRISKIE Drowned saving life, La Union, El Smallpox, Aguas Calientes, Mex¬ Salvador, 1875 ico, 1921

155 George H. Dern (Utah), Secretary of War. Homer B. Cummings (Conn.), Attorney General. LEGISLATIVE DIARY James A. Farley (N. Y.), Postmaster General. (Extracts from Congressional Record of interest Claude A. Swanson (Va.), Secretary of the Navy. to Foreign Service) Harold L. Ickes (111.), Secretary of the Interior. Henry A. Wallace (Iowa), Secretary of Agriculture. Daniel C. Roper (S. C.), Secretary of Commerce. 1933 Frances Perkins (N. Y.), Secretary of Labor. March 6. Senate. Ceremonies in memory of the late February 17. Senate. Mr. Fletcher speaking on the Senator Walsh, of Montana. future of our Foreign Trade, commended the work of Executive nominations confirmed by the Senate: the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, De¬ Under Secretary of State: William Phillips, of Mass- partment of Commerce. Incidentally he made this state¬ Assistant Secretaries of State: Wilbur J. Carr, of N. ment : “Let us think of the Consul as the family physi- Y.; and Raymond Moley, of Ohio. sian, ready to protect American interests in a thousand Adjourned sine die. ways, in whichever quarter they may be threatened.” House. Memorial Service. Seventy-third Congress, First Session H. R. 14363 (State Department Appropriation Bill) passed by Senate with amendments in which the concur¬ Honorable Henry T. Rainey, of Illinois, duly elected rence of the House was requested. Speaker of the House of Representatives. February 20. House. Repeal of the 18th Amendment. March 9. President sends Message to Senate, Regula¬ Yes, 289; Nays, 121; not voting, 16. tions of Banking Operation (H. Doc. No. 1). Senate S. J. Res. 237, authorizing the erection of Memorial considered and passed S. 1 to provide relief in the ex¬ Tablet in the State Department Building was passed. isting national emergency in banking and for other pur¬ February 21. Senate. Message of the House stating poses. House considered and passed H. R. 1491, for that the House had disagreed to the amendments of the same purpose. Senate to H. R. 14363 (State Department Appropria¬ March 9. Senate. Senator Key Pittman, Nevada, tion Bill) and asked for a conference with the Senate on elected President pro tempore. Standing Committees the disagreeing votes of the two Houses thereon. Con¬ elected (from which the following are given) : ferees appointed. Appropriations (to consist of 23 Senators) : Carter February 23. Conference report on State Department Glass, Va., (chairman); Kenneth McKellar, Tenn.; John Appropriation Bill. B. Kendrick, Wyo.; Royal S. Copeland, N. Y.; Carl S. 287 to compensate Harriet C. Holaday, and S. 631 Hayden, Ariz.; Sam G. Bratton, N, Mex.; Elmer for the relief of Alice M. A. Damm, came up and were Thomas, Okla.; James P. Byrnes, S. C.; Millard E. passed over on objection of Mr. Stafford, of Wisconsin. Tydings, Md.; Richard B. Russell, Jr., Ga.; Marcus A. February 25. Senate agreed to the conference report Coolidge, Mass.; Alva B. Adams, Colo.; Patrick Mc- on the State Department Appropriation Bill. House then Carran, Nev.; John H. Overton, La.; Frederick Hale, considered the report. Me.; Henry W. Keyes, N. H.; Gerald P. Nye, N. Dak.; February 27. H. R. 14363, State Department Appro¬ Frederick Steiwer, Oreg.; Peter Norbeck, S. Dak.; Por¬ priation Bill was signed by the Speaker of the House and ter H. Dale, Va.; L. J. Dickinson, Iowa; John G. Town¬ the Vice President. send, Jr., Del.; and Robert D. Carey, Wyo. February 28. The President signed the State Depart¬ Foreign Relations (to consist of 23 Senators) : Key ment Appropriation Bill. Pittman, Nev. (chairman); Joseph T. Robinson, Ark.; March 1. S. 1088 and S. 3191 for the relief of Cor¬ Pat Harrison, Miss.; Walter F. George, Ga.; Hugo L. nelia Claiborne and Anna B. Slocum, widows of Foreign Black, Ala.: Robert F. Wagner, N. Y.; Tom Connally, Service officers, came up on the calendar and were ob¬ Texas; J. Hamilton Lewis, 111.; Nathan L. Bachman, jected to by Mr. fiachmann, of West Virginia. Tenn.; Elbert D. Thomas, Utah; Frederick Van Nuys, S. 4379 for the relief of Yvonne Hale, widow of a Ind.; F. Ryan Duffy, Wis.; James F. Pope. Idaho; Foreign Service officer, came up and was objected to by , ; William E. Borah, Idaho; Hiram W. Mr. Stafford, of Wisconsin. Johnson, Calif,; Arthur Capper, Kans.; David A. Reed, S. 4553 for the relief of Elizabeth Millicent Trammell Pa.; Simeon D. Fess, Ohio; Robert M. La Follette, Jr., came up on the calendar and wras objected to by Mr. Wis.; Arthur H. Vandenburg, Mich.; Arthur R. Robin¬ Stafford, of Wisconsin. son, Ind.; and ITenrik Shipstead, Minn. March 2. Senate adjourned on account of the death March 14. House. Standing Committees elected (of of Senator Thomas J. Walsh, of Montana. House, after which only the following are given) : short business session, also adjourned for same reason. Appropriations: James P. Buchanan (chairman), March 4. Seventy-second Congress expired. Vice Texas; Edward T. Taylor, Colo.; William B. Oliver, President Curtis administered the oath of office to Vice Ala.; Anthony J. Griffin, N. Y.; John N. Sandlin, La.; President elect Garner and then made his farewell William A. Ayres, Kans.; Ross A. Collins, Miss.; Wil¬ liam A. Hastings, Okla.; Clarence Cannon, Mo.; Clifton address. A. Woodrum, Va.; William W. Arnold, 111.; John J. Seventy-third Congress, Special Session Boylan, N. Y.; Tilman B. Parks, Ark.; Charles L. Aber- March 4. Senate convened in special session by procla¬ nethy, N. C.; Louis Ludlow, Ind.; William J. Granfield, mation of President. Mass.; Thomas L. Blanton, Texas; Michael J. Hart, Inaugural address of President Franklin D. Roosevelt Mich.; Thomas S. McMillan, S. C.; Glover H. Carey, on east front of Capitol. After the inaugural address the Ky.; Bernhard M. Jacobsen, Iowa. (Minority Mem¬ Senate met at 2 p. m. and the nominations of the follow¬ bers): John Taber, N. Y.; Robert L. Bacon, N. Y.; ing members of the new Cabinet were read and confirmed: Richard B. Wigglesworth, Mass.; James H. Sinclair, Cordell Hull (Tenn.), Secretary of State. N. Dale.; Clarence J. McLeod, Mich.; Lloyd Thurston, William H. Woodin (N. Y.), Secretary of the Iowa; Mrs. Florence P. Kahn, Calif.; John T. Buckbee, Treasury. III.; J. Howard Swick, Pa.; Chester C. Bolton, Ohio; 156 W. P. Lamberton, Ivans.; Edward W. Goss, Conn.; D. officer of Class 1 and a counselor of embassy, to be envoy Lane Powers, N. J.; and J. William Ditter, Pa. extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of the United Foreign Affairs: San D. McReynolds (chairman), States of America to Haiti. Tenn.; Sol Bloom, N. Y.; Luther A. Johnson, Texas; J. Paul Knabenshue, of Ohio, a Foreign Service officer Walter Lambert, N. C.; Stephen A. Rudd, N. Y.; Bryant of Class 3 and a Consul General, to act as minister resi¬ T. Castellow, Ga.; Finley H. Gray, Ind.; John A. Martin, dent and Consul General of the United States of America Colo.; Frank L. Kloeb, Ohio; Millard Caldwell. Fla.; to Iraq. William E. Richardson, Pa.; Thomas F. Ford, Calif.; Consul General: Avra M. Warren, of Maryland. John Kee, W. Va.; Guy M. Gillette, Iowa; and C. W. Henney, Wis. (Minority Members) : Hamilton Fish, Secretaries in the Diplomatic Service: Harold Shantz, Jr., N. Y.; Joseph W. Martin, Jr., Mass.; Charles A. of New York; H. Merrell Benninghoff, of New York; Eaton, N. J.; George Holden Tinkham, Mass.; George Cloyce K. Huston, of Iowa; Winthrop R. Scott, of F. Brumm, Pa.; Leo E. Allen, 111.; George Burnham, Ohio; and H. Merle Cochran, of Arizona. Calif.; Charles M. Bakewell, Conn.; Edith Nourse March 13. Senate received the following nominations: Rogers, Mass. Robert Worth Bingham (Kv.), to be Ambassador to March 10. Senate and House received message from Great Britain. the President (H. Doc. No. 2), regarding reduction of Jesse Isidor Straus (N. Y.), to be Ambassador to expenditures and economies in the Government service. France. Following bills introduced for relief of widows of For¬ Josephus Daniels (N. C.), to be Ambassador to eign Service officers and referred to Committee on For¬ Mexico. eign Affairs: March 14. House. The beer bill (H. R. 3341) passed. H. R. 1769. Jeanette S. Jewell. Votes: Yeas, 316; nays, 97; not voting, 17. H. R. 2153, Elizabeth Millicent Trammell. H. R. 2173, Lily M. Miller. Senate. Bill (S. 380) for the relief of certain officers H. R. 2263, Anna S. Carrigan. and employes of the Foreign Service who while in the H. R. 2326, Emma R. H. Taggart. course of their respective duties suffered loss of personal H. R. 2490, Adelaide Richardson. property by reasons of catastrophes of nature. Referred H. R. 2644, Sophie De Soto. to the Committee on Foreign Relations. March 11. Senate. S. 243 to compensate Harriet C. March 15. Senate discussed and passed the economy Holiday, referred to Committee on Foreign Relations. bill (H. R. 2820). The following nominations were received: March 16. Senate confirmed the nominations received Norman Armour, of N. J.. lately a Foreign Service March 11 and 13, given above.

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157 to the A POLITICAL BOOKSHELF <*EAREU By EDWARD C. WYNNE COMMUNICATION NEGUS “The New Balance of Power in Europe,” by Valentine de Balia. (Baltimore, The Johns Hop¬ of ALL THE AMERICAS kins Press, 1932.) The peace treaties which ended the war that was to end war, have, according to Dr. de Balia, pro¬ duced a new' balance of power in Europe which is going to bring about another world war. This new balance of power arises from an alignment of the European powers into two groups; the powers that want the peace treaties revised (Chap¬ ter 1, The Revisionist Powers), and those that want the status quo maintained (The Status Quo System, Chapter II). “Italy, Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Bulgaria, are revisionist coun¬ tries” (page 49), while “a system of alliances unites the status quo group wdiich is composed of France, Belgium, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Ru¬ mania, Yugoslavia” (page 51). These two groups are “racing to military supremacy” (Chapter III, Military Power), with the result that “a new gen¬ eral conflagration in Europe is not a remote probability” (page 177). This sounds so formidable that one may well ask where will Great Britain and Russia be when • Three duplex (two-way) cables give to All Amer¬ the bugles blow?. The doctor is cautious in ica Cables the means of transmitting your inquiries, answering the first part of the question. “After your orders, your commands to and from any place all is said and done,” he writes, “the best con¬ in the Americas with tremendous speed . . . always. clusion on the British attitude may lie in assuming Cable offices located where they can best serve the that, in case of a conflict Britain can not be communication needs of American business make counted on with either side, especially in view of certain the prompt delivery of your messages and the attitude of her Dominions and India. As the your replies ... always. great conflict would he waged on the continent, Fifty years of cable experience and a personnel that is eager to see every message through to its her military help would not be decisive in any destination, assure you of accurate and dependable event” (page 176). While this conclusion can be record communication... always. said to contain a singular, although perhaps un¬ Use All America Cables ... always. conscious, tribute to the skill of the British diplo¬ mats, it may not be irrelevant to point out that The International System of which All America German publicists before the World War were Cables is a part offers a world-wide service of coordinated record communications . . . to and almost unanimous in alleging that the British within the United States and Canada via Postal Dominions would not stand by the mother country Telegraph...to Europe, Asia and The Orient via Commercial Cables.. .to Central America, South in the event of a war between Great Britain and America and the West Indies via All America Cables.. .and to ships at sea via Mackay Radio. Germany. It may also 1>e pointed out that Ger¬ man military leaders (prior to the World War) dismissed as negligible the factor of British THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM military help on the continent in a war involving Great Britain, France, and Germany. It may be added that Dr. de Balia’s conclusion apparently dll dmerica Cables ignores the British Navy although, if the Mahan conception of the influence of sea-power is cor¬ Commercial Tostal rect, the white ensign has played a decisive part Cables Telegraph in wars fought on the European continent. lllachaij Radio With respect to Russia, the learned doctor 158 writes that “Russia may be characterized as hav¬ ing nothing to lose and everything to win by a general European conflagration. ... A defensive policy may prevail until the economic develop¬ ment is satisfactory, but occasion given, the huge forces of the U. S. S. R. will be used for STEEL promoting the further aims of Russia and Com¬ munism. This means first an attack on the pres¬ ent territorial status of Europe” (pages 49, 50). Rolled and Heavy Forged Products The last chapter of the book (V) is entitled RAILS, SHAPES, C B SECTIONS, PLATES “The Possible War” and is written in a style CAR WHEELS AND AXLES which is somewhat reminiscent of General von Bernhardi’s book “Germany and the Next War,” Wire and Wire Products published in 1912 when, it may be recalled, the WIRE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, NAILS, STAPLES book in question was received with considerable SPRINGS, WIRE ROPE, FENCING, COPPER amusement in pacificist circles. It is but fair to ELECTRICAL WIRE AND CABLES the General to add that his book was taken quite Tubular Products seriously after August, 1914; so seriously, in fact, “NATIONAL'' WELDED AND “NATIONAL-SHELBY” SEAM that it was translated into the languages of every LESS PIPE, STANDARD PIPE, OIL COUNTRY allied country not to mention the languages of GOODS, BOILER TUBES, CYLINDERS several neutral countries. Dr. de Balia is a little Sheet Steel Products more hopeful, however, than Bernhardi was in BLACK AND GALVANIZED SHEETS, TIN AND TERNE 1912 when he predicted that a world war would PLATE FOR ALL KNOWN USES come in 1914, as the doctor offers “Another Hypothesis” at the conclusion of Chapter V. This Fabricated Steel Structures BRIDGES, BUILDINGS, TOWERS, TURNTABLES, WELDED hypothesis is, in brief, the adoption by the Euro¬ OR RIVETED PLATEWORK, BARGES, TANKS pean nations of policies which will bring about a “recovery” of Germany (the “resumption by Ger¬ Trackwork many of her position as one of the great military “LORAIN” FROGS, SWITCHES, CROSSINGS AND powers in Europe” is included in this “recovery”), SPECIAL TRACKWORK compromise on such problems as Danzig and eco¬ Specialties nomic and political cooperation. If the hypothesis INDUSTRIAL CARS, FORGED GRINDING BALLS, STEEL in question is adopted, the author believes that the CASTINGS, PIG IRON, COAL, COKE, PORTLAND CEMENT, ATLAS WHITE PORTLAND CEMENT, war which he seems to regard as almost a cer¬ ATLAS LUMNITE CEMENT tainty, can Ire avoided. LJ S S Stainless and Heat Resisting “The Diplomatic Protection of Americans in Alloy Steels Mexico,” by Frederick Sherwood Dunn (Colum¬ bia University Press, New York, 1933). BRANCH OFFICES, REPRESENTATIVES, AND CORRESPONDENTS THROUGHOUT Dr. Dunn’s service as Assistant Solicitor in the THE WORLD Department of State, as Associate Counsel with the American Agency, American and British Claims Arbitration, and as Associate Counsel with the American Agency, Mixed Claims Commis¬ sion, United States and Mexico, has given him United States Steel an unusual background for writing a book of this nature. The result of this background and train¬ Products Company ing is evident in the book, which is probably the best work that has been prepared on the difficult 30 CHURCH STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y. subject of the Diplomatic protection of Ameri¬ cans in Mexico. It is a book which will be of Export Distributors of the Products of great value to the lawyer who is specializing in Carnegie Steel Company, The Lorain Steel Company, National Tube Company, Illinois Steel Company, American Bridge international claims work, while it is safe to say Company, American Steel & Wire Company, American Sheet & Tin Plate Company, Tennessee Coal, Iron that teachers of international law who have & Railroad - Company grappled with the problem of trying to adequately convey to their classes just what Diplomatic pro- mi 159 tection means (or should mean) when it is put “University Training for the National Service.” into effect, will have cause to be grateful to the Proceedings of a conference held at the Univer¬ author for writing such a scholarly and at the sity of Minnesota, July 14 to 17, 1931 (Minne¬ same time practical treatise. apolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1932). Dr. Dunn examines the record of Diplomatic Contains some valuable papers and discussions protection in Mexico and finds it “surprisingly which government officials can read with profit bad’’ (page 427). He expresses the opinion that and several papers and discussions that were evi¬ the “legal and economic set-up must be altered” dently prepared by learned professors whose (page 430) if the record in question is to be im¬ knowledge of political theory does not include a proved. His conclusions are based on a careful knowledge of political realities. Foreign Service study of original sources in the form of relevant officers will be interested in learning that among diplomatic corespondence and the decisions of the suggestions made was one to the effect that the arbitration tribunals of 1839, 1868, and 1923. the Foreign Service examinations be altered so Beginning with the subject of American ambi¬ as to test the intellectual attainments of the candi¬ tion in the desire to acquire Texas (Chapter II), dates. Prof. DeWitt Clinton Poole, of Prince¬ a chronological course is pursued. “The Isthmian ton University, presented a paper on “University Route” (Chapter III) which was of interest in Training for the Foreign Service.” the latter part of the first half of the nineteenth century is followed by the “Prelude to the Diaz Era” (Chapter IV). Forced loans and special “What’s Wrong with China?”, by Rodney Gil¬ taxes which were troublesome questions from the bert (New York, Frederick A Stokes Company). beginning of the relations between the two coun¬ Mr. Gilbert states that “if we hope to continue tries (Chapter V), and the limitations on pro¬ to trade in China . . . we must sooner or later tection due to the matriculation laws of Mexico revolt against the spirit of charity towards China (Chapter VII) are fully considered. Denial of . . . and reimpose discipline by force or show of justice, exhaustion of local remedies (Chapter force.” It may not be irrelevant to point out that VIII) and police protection (Chapter IX) are there has been some discipline by force or show likewise clearly presented. of force in the vicinity of China during the last A most important period in Mexican history few months. begins with the revolution of 1910. This is con¬ sidered under the heads of “Social Revolution and Nationalism” (Chapter X), “Oil” (Chapter XI), Consul Damon C. Woods, stationed at Toronto, “Agrarian Reform” (Chapter XII), and “Re¬ contributed to the March, 1933, issue of the Amer¬ nunciation of Protection” (Chapter XIII). As re¬ ican Bar Association Journal an interesting article gards the Claims Conventions of 1923 (Chapter entitled “The Selection of Judges.” In this XIV), the decisions involving the Calvo clause article Mr. Woods traces the revolt of the Amer¬ are selected for detailed consideration, “perhaps ican States against the colonial methods of ap¬ as the most important from the standpoint of in¬ pointing judges for life, and then draws com¬ ternational law and the future of Diplomatic pro¬ parisons between elective and appointive judges. tection” (page 406). These claims came before For instance he says, “In most States an em¬ the General Claims Commission. bezzler of State bank funds, with skilful attor¬ neys, has a fair chance to thwart the law, but an With regard to the much discussed Santa embezzler of national bank funds faces a different Ysabel Claims case Dr. Dunn states that the action prospect. . . . The first public enemy of Chicago of the majority (the American member of the successfully defied the courts of Illinois, but a Commission delivered a strong dissenting opinion) Federal tribunal rid the city of his presence for “was such as to cause the United States to re¬ violating the national income tax law.” As Mr. frain from submitting further claims for some Woods remarks, “In business, industry, invention, years” (page 419) to that Commission. In view education, medical science and social welfare, the of the interest in this case it is to be regretted people of the United States have established that the author does not discuss the American complaint. Reference might also have been made, standards and set a pace for the entire world. Yet in this regard, to the activities of such an out¬ in law enforcement and judicial procedure, they standing figure as Francisco Villa, in the light of are perplexed with the most costly and cumber¬ the general principles involved in the protection some system of State justice that has ever of aliens. afflicted an enlightened population.” 160 A Consular Ghost Story

A GHOST has now appeared in the Con¬ underscored the word the sonorous rhythm of a sulate! He manifests himself by snoring healthy snore started again, louder than ever be¬ under my bed. The first time I heard him cause of the lateness of the hour and the silence was one night at about half past eleven, as J lay of the house. reading in bed. 1 put my book down in surprise At about this time the following rhyme was and lay for a moment listening. Then I quietly found on my desk: leaned over and had a peep. Nothing. I rose and went downstairs and all over the place. Nothing. “Who cares if the Consul is sadly deploring The fact that the spooks keep him up with their snoring? 1 said nothing about the occurrence, and promptly Who cares if he’s frightened half out of his wits, forgot it myself. With his hair up on end as in terror he sits, After the holidays, when I returned from a short And writes with a hand that tremblingly traces trip, at half past eight on the very evening of my His letters, in fear, to Slavonian places? Who cares if the snore’s from the sleep of the dead return, as I sat writing letters, the snoring began. Or if it’s some bum with the sidewalk his bed, I got up and walked to the bell to ring for a Or if the acoustics are such that the roar servant, as I felt I'd like someone else to hear it. Of some somnolent watchman comes in from next door? My steps woke the snorer, and with a little snort Who cares if the Consulate’s haunted or not By the ghost of some seaman who thought that he got (?) he became silent. I stood for perhaps seven A deal that was raw and got kicked out the door minutes, waiting for him to go to sleep again, And who swore when he died that he’d come back and then pushed the button. The servant appeared in snore? Who-o-o cares if they snore or rattle their chains the dining room door and 1 motioned him to step Or appear at the windows and tap on the panes softly. At the door of the library I asked him: And use the white sheeting that ghosts always wore “What do you hear?” “A man snoring, Sir,” And the whole bag of tricks of a spook’s repertoire (1!) he said. “And where is this snorer?” “My God, Who cares if they see unaccountable lights It’s a damn good excuse for not working at nights. Sir," he exclaimed in a stage whisper: “He’s under So who cares if they snore and they snort and they rave, your bed!” We quietly investigated the neigh¬ From the Land of the Free we’ve a Consul who’s brave. boring rooms, having to take extreme care not to disturb the sleeper, and were finally forced to The rhyme was from the Vice Consul’s pen, I conclude that he must be downstairs. This time discovered. But for all his light treatment of the 1 descended silently, and in darkness, and found subject, he declined to spend a night in the Con¬ nothing. sulate ! Some people are interested in ghosts, He never snores by day, but is not regular at some fear them. I tolerate mine. The supervis¬ night, not dependable. Several friends have called ing Consul General seems to think that if adver¬ on the chance of hearing him, hut have been dis¬ tised properly, and perhaps guaranteed, the ghost appointed. Another servant begged permission may place this post in considerable demand. As to sleep near my bedroom, and did so for several he expresses it, “the ghostliness may offset the nights, but the only snores that disturbed my rest ghastliness!” were his, so I asked him to give up his sleuthing. ANON. The following night the snoring was resumed, at an early hour. This time it was the houseboy who responded. After listening for a time he said, BRIGHTENING OF ENGLISH HISTORY “Well, it sounds just like a man snoring but can¬ Browsing in book reviews the following ex¬ not be, and therefore must be some machine in tracts were found in a mention of a humorous the garage next door.” “Very well,” said I, “Do work on English history called “1066 and All you think I can stop that machine from here?” That” by W. C. Sellar and R. J. Yeatman “No, Sir.” I stamped my foot twice. The snor¬ (Methuen). In that book, it is said, one reads ing stopped abruptly and did not begin again for of Richard I who “whenever he returned to Eng¬ some minutes. Then I asked him to do the same land, always set out again immediately for the thing, which he did, with the same result. He was Mediterranean and was therefore known as Rich¬ convinced. This was too much for the snorer. ard Gare de Lyon,” and of the Edward who said He must have turned over, for he was not heard Honi soie qui mal y pense (“Honey, your silk again until hours later, as I again sat writing a stocking’s hanging down”) and “gave his ill- letter, and I was telling of the ghost. I wrote: mannered courtiers the Order of the Bath—an “he manifests himself by snoring . . . .” and as I extreme form of torture in the Middle Ages.” 161 rJTHH^MERICAN p OREIGN gERYICE JOURNAL.

BRASSIERES There was a Consul. He shall not be named. His station was obscure. It was in the Tropics. American One-class Liners 1 le had been long away off there and did not know of changes at home. To him there came Best Between ever the same old ding-dong call for names of firms dealing in this, that and other articles Washington and Europe which had no chance at this unimportant post. But one day the mail brought a plaint from a maker of brassieres—“Who’ll buy our bras¬ sieres?” “Brassieres? What are they?” thought the Consul. Things must be changing at home. He knew that people had begun to use brass bedsteads, also ornamental brass fenders, tongs, and things for the fireplace. Was the fad ex¬ tending to other furnishings? The Consul searched his catalogues, barrels of them. But “brassieres” did not appear. Nor could he find any such word in the dictionary. It looked French, but his French dictionary was meagre. He found “Brassier”; it meant coal-pan, red hot fire, a brazier in other words. Yes, they THE NEW AMERICAN ONE-CLASS liners used braziers at his post, but “brassieres” must of the Baltimore Mail Line offer the most mean more than that. The Consul would not convenient way between Europe and betray his ignorance. He would boldly strike Washington. Your ship at Baltimore is little out with such information as he had, as though more than an hour from the Capital. it were quite sufficient for the occasion. “No,” American one-class travel on the Baltimore he replied, “there is no market at Pijijiapam for Mail Line means more for your money. brassieres. The country abounds in choice Larger staterooms, all amidships, outside on hardwoods, and local carpenters are competent upper decks, 60% with private baths. More to satisfy the trade.” As for fireplace equip¬ deck space. A cuisine already famous. ment, the Consul informed the inquirer that his Consular District was within the torrid Special consideration given officials zone, and that fireplaces were not used. in United States foreign services Not long afterward the Consul acquired a secretary. It was a belated acquisition, for she $90 One-way Round-trip $171 knew what “brassieres” were. One still day she Stateroom with bath or shower slightly higher was looking over correspondence, learning the Passenger Offices: filing system. The Consul thought he heard a Washington, D. C. New York City sob, a little gasping sob. He tiptoed to the 743 14th Street N. W. 1 Broadway door and beheld his new secretary with her face or any office of International Mercantile Marine Co. partly buried in her handkerchief in an endeavor London Hamburg 14 Regent St., S. W. I. Alsterthor & Ferdinandstrasse to suppress bursting emotions. She gradually Berlin Paris Antwerp controlled herself enough to say, “Oh, Mr. Unter den Linden. 9 10 Rue Auber 22 Rue des Peignes , I’ve looked everywhere for the or United States Lines offices in principal European cities answer to this letter about brassieres. Did they ever reply to it?” BALTIMORE ANON. RAMBLING NOTES A student of human nature finds much of in¬ MAIL LINE terest in the written applications for positions, Weekly Sailings to and from for naturally in such communications the writers Havre and Hamburg strive to present themselves in glowing colors and yet withal they reveal themselves in all their drab reality. From the notes of a friend made by him 162 many years ago, the following extracts have l>ceii taken: One modest applicant wrote: “I believe that one’s personal appearance is a great factor in his The TYPEWRITER success, and for this reason 1 take pride in dress¬ ing well and making the most of what nature has given me. I regret that neither of the photo¬ That is STANDARD graphs I enclose—one in a bathing suit—shows my teeth, as this is one feature of my personal appearance of which I am justly proud.” Throughout the World A would-be diplomat wrote: “A diplomat, as I take it, is one who says what he means as if he don’t mean what he says. And that I can do.” Another who sought to impress by his use of long words, and apparently became entangled in his own verbosity, concluded his application as follows: “If reconsideration is yet paramount, the writer—admonished by his counsel who wrote you about the writer’s admission to candidacy—would ask your cumulative decorum.” An applicant who sought to impress by a re¬ cital of his good habits, said: “Outside of an oc¬ casional smoke, I have relegated all the other vices known to man to the scrap heap.” Another in the same category wrote: “1 am not educated but somewhat learned. Am an American through IN the world’s centers of industry and com¬ and through. I am a poor man in one way, and merce and in the isolated outposts of civiliza¬ in another I term myself rich because I have a tion ... in the neighborhood store where you buy good chare ter. 1 would like to know, if possible, what makes a statesman. . . . They say good men your groceries and on ships that sail into unknown are needed, with hearts of steal, but who can rea¬ seas . . . there is a standard of typewriter per¬ son and heedeth when dark clouds upon us come.” formance ... a standard that is summed up in A young American, who would “except ideas to the name “Underwood Standard” and the machine carry his point,” wrote: “I am a young man, clean which bears that name. cut, square, and gentlemanly, and having traveled for the past eight years am naturally capable of The Underwood performance that is behind handling any delicate or natural matter which this standard . . . the ease of action and the neat¬ should present itself. 1 am ambitious only in a ness of work, the durability and the freedom from clean, wholesome manner, and naturally desire to delays and repairs . . . this performance alone has conform my walk in life to the natural tendencies earned for the Underwood Standard the position of an ambitious gentleman.” of leadership that it enjoys throughout the world. Another would-be diplomat wrote that he had “enough experience to soon develop into a dip¬ lomat, and added that he thought that “polished TYPEWRITER DIVISION manners, incite into human nature, and good UNDERWOOD ELLIOTT FISHER COMPANY judgment are the necessary traits to constitute one 1413 New York Avenue, N.W. a diplomat.” Washington, D. C. But the gem of this collection is a pathetic letter written by a wife to the United States SALES AND SERVICE EVERYWHERE Government saying: “You may have my husband for any use you wish to put him to. ... I wish The UNDERWOOD you could make some use of him as he is a drunk¬ ard and don’t want to work. He is no good to STANDARD .... Model No. 6 me, only worry. I’d like to see him made a useful citizen.” 163 LETTERS CONTENTS (This column will be devoted each month to the ■publication, PAGE in whole or in part, of letters to the Editor from members of the Association on topics of general interest. Such letters are to be regarded as expressing merely the personal opinion of the CORDELL HULL, SECRETARY OF STATE 121 writers and not necessarily the views of the JOURNAL, or of the Association.) LUNCHEON IN HONOR OF SECRETARY STIM- ATHENS, GREECE, February 7, 1933. SON 123 Editor FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, Department of State, CAREER DIPLOMATS, Edtiorial, Washington Washington, D. C. Star 125 DEAR MR. INGRAM : The following problem was re¬ cently placed before the officers at Athens and the con¬ CENTURY OF PROGRESS 125 ference called to solve it was no more successful than most other conferences. At Consul General Maynard’s THE YOKE OF TERIJOKI, OR RUSSIA'S OTHER suggestion, I am offering it as emergency ration for your RIVIERA—By John Sterett Gittings 126 cadaverous Question Box. THE LOST SONG (Poem) Problem By George Horton 128 (a) X in Athens sells to Y in London 300 gallons of turpentine and ships them from Piraeus on the Bactria MEMORIAL TABLET, DEPARTMENT OF STATE 130 of the Cunard Line consigned to Y at London. The sale occurs on January 17 by exchange of cables. Record of ITEMS 133 this sale exists in X’s office in Athens and Y’s office in London and nowhere else. The Bactria leaves Piraeus BUREAU OF ACCOUNTS, DEPARTMENT OF on January 20 and calls at Marseilles on the 28th. STATE 136 On January 27, Y meets Z, an American importer, at lunch and at 3 p. m. Z agrees to buy the entire quantity NEWS ITEMS FROM THE FIELD 140 of turpentine. Y immediately telephones the Cunard Line to cable their agent at Marseilles to remove the FOREIGN SERVICE CHANGES 146 shipment from the Bactria and place it on board the President Monroe, leaving Marseilles January 25 at dawn, BIRTHS AND MARRIAGES 148 consigned to Z at New York. Record of this second sale exists only at Y’s office at London. Y had originally in¬ IN MEMORIAM 148 tended to sell the turpentine in Germany. Question: Where should the American Consular in¬ MEMORIAL TABLET, Inscription 155 voice be certified? (b) The sale is for 150 gallons of turpentine, the bal¬ LEGISLATIVE DIARY 156 ance of the shipment being: (1) placed in a warehouse at Marseilles and eventually shipped to Portugal; (2) re¬ A POLITICAL BOOKSHELF—By Edward C. tained aboard the Bactria and carried to London. Does Wynne 158 this affect the certification of the invoice? I will refrain from all discussion of the above other A CONSULAR GHOST STORY—Anonymous... 161 than to state that there is no “catch” intended; we at Athens would appreciate a logical discussion of the per¬ BRASSIERES—Anonymous 162 tinent notes in the Regulations that would help us in pegging the invoice into its proper place. RAMBLING NOTES 162 Sincerely, ALBERT E. CLATTENBURG, JR. LETTERS 164

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164 Announcing new publications of Columbia University Press 2Q6O Broadway, New York City An Undiplomatic Diary, by Harry Hill Bandholtz

and four other important books

IMPATIENT of pusilanimity and procrastina¬ judge to interpret treaties, his attitude tion, Maj. Gen. Bandholtz, the American toward conflicts between international law Member of the Inter-Allied Military Mis¬ and the law of the state under whose author¬ sion to Hungary, 1919-1920, wrote this ity he sits, and the current theories of con¬ diary of his efforts to save Hungary from tinental European writers on the relation be¬ herself and the rapacity of her neighbors. tween international and municipal law. The diary with an illuminating introduction (No. 370, Studies in History, Economics by Fritz-Konrad Kruger is an amazing and Public Law, $3.75) apocalypse of post-War Hungary, compound of humor and keen, impartial judgment. Now more than ever the expression of ($3.50) nationalism is of great significance to the developments in China and in the whole “THIS volume,” wrote John Bassett Moore course of international relations. Nation¬ of Helen May Cory’s Compulsory Arbitra¬ alism and Education in Modern China by tion of International Disputes, “I am happy Cyrus H. Peake traces the history of Chi¬ to commend as a thoughtful, well written nese nationalism with special reference to and useful contribution to the scientific lit¬ the evolution of the educational system dur¬ erature of international arbitration.” It is ing 1860-1929. ($3.00) tbe first full length study to appear in Eng¬ lish of the system of obligations whereby AN ever present problem is that of protect¬ states have undertaken in advance to have ing American citizens, business interests, recourse to arbitration for the settlement of and property in Mexico. In readable style their disputes. ($3.50) and with new materials from unpublished archives Dr. Frederick Sherwood Dunn A STUDY of the enforcement of international traces the development of this problem in law in German, Swiss, French, and Belgian The Diplomatic Protection of Americans in courts, International Law in National Courts Mexico (Vol. 2, Mexico in International by Ruth D. Masters discusses the constitu¬ Finance and Diplomacy). His book throws tional requirements in each of these coun¬ new light on the principles and practice of tries for the conclusion and enforcement of international law, as well as on the history treaties in its courts, the right of the national of American foreign policy. ($5.00) The American Foreign Service Association

The American Foreign Service Association is an unofficial and voluntary association of the members of The Foreign Service of the United States. It was formed for the purpose of fos¬ tering esprit de corps among the members of the Foreign Service, to strengthen service spirit and to establish a center around which might be grouped the united efforts of its mem¬ bers for the improvement of the Service.

Honorary President CORDELL HULL Secretary of State

Honorary Vice-Presidents WILLIAM PHILLIPS Under Secretary of State WILBUR J. CARR Assistant Secretary of State FRANCIS WHITE Assistant Secretary of State RAYMOND MOLEY Assistant Secretary of State Assistant Secretary of State

LEO J. KEEN A President NORMAN ARMOUR Vice-President MAXWELL M. HAMILTON Secretary-Treasurer

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

HOMER M. BYINGTON, Chairman; WALTER A. FOOTE, Vice Chairman; ELLIS O. BRIGGS; H. FREEMAN MATTHEWS; and J. PIERREPONT MOFFAT Alternates: STUART E. GRUMMON HENRY S. VILLARD

Entertainment Committee: A. DANA HODGDON, Chairman: JEFFERSON PATTERSON and GEORGE R. MERRELL, JR.