8350 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE NOVEMBER 24 Mr. VURSELL. Mr. Speaker, I think Speaker's table and referred to the Com­ one ·of the most important things that mittee on the Disposition of Executive SENATE can be brought about by this bill, is to Papers. make certain that in the distribution of FRIDAY, NovEMBER 24, 1944 funds, and in the preparation for the REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC (Legislative day of Tuesday, November allocation of funds, the rural areas should BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS 21,1944) be given very careful consideration and Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of attention. If ·we want to develop our committees were delivered to the Clerk The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, farm sections and our rural sections there for printing and reference to the proper on the expiration of the recess. is nothing that would help to develop The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown them more than better roaas and rural calendar, as follows: Harris, D. D., offered the following electrification. It is much more im­ Mr. DICKSTEIN: Committee on Immigra­ prayer: tion and Naturalization. S. 963. A bill re­ portant that we furnish transportation lating to the imposition of certain penalties God of all wisdom, away from the con­ so that the farmer cannot only develop and the payment of detention expenses inci­ fusion of tongues we seek the quiet and improve his farm locality, but so dent to the bringing of certain aliens into pavilion of prayer. For these searching that he can get his produce to the mar­ the United States; with amendment (Rept. moments may the bewildering voices of kets. I am more interested, and I think No. 1920) . Referred to the Committee of the the world about us and the clamor of more good will be done, if we stay close Whole House on the state of the Union. Mr. MASON: Committee on Immigration wordy arguments be hushed. In Thy to the rural areas to provide the proper presence our arrogance is rebuked and transportation, than can b~ done if we and Naturalization. H. R. 4642. A bill to amend the Nationality Act of 1940; without - our pride of opinion is mocked as we go in in a larger way for belt and high­ amendment (Rept. No. 1921). Referred to confess that we but grope in the dark­ speed highways. After all, the farmers th 9 House Calendar. ness and that our sight is dim, our knowl­ are one of the greatest segments of our Mr. ELLIOTT: ·Joint Committee on the edge is partial, and our judgments falli­ population, and upon the farmer more Disposition of Executive Papers. House Re­ ble. We would yield ourselves to Thee depends than upon any other group of port No. 1922. Report on the d·isposition of as we are, with all our failures and our our citizens. This road bill will furnish certain papers of sun dry executive depart­ ignorance and our self-will, and yet with an opportunity to lay a foundation that ments. Ordered to be printed. the climbing aspirations of our better will help to improve agriculture and help I nature. to improve the financial economy of the PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS country. We must make certain that the Make us honest and honorable enough farmers' interests are taken care of in Under clause 3 of rule XXII, public to bear the vision of the truth, to have the allocation and distribution of these bilis and resolutions were introduced done with all falsehood, to cast away all funds for the building of 'farm-to-market I and severally referred as follows: pretense, together with the pettiness of roads. By Mr. HEBERT: our spirits and the craven fear of our hearts. Break down the narrow bound­ The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ H. R. 5521. A bill to abolish the United States Park Police force in the District of , aries of our minds that shut us out from tleman has expired. Columbia, to transfer the personnel of the fellowship and understanding with any Mr. COX. Mr. Speaker, I move the United States Park Police to the Metropoli­ of Thy children. Teach us to value previous question. t an Police Department, and for other pur­ beauty of heart or brain in any strand The previous question was ordered. poses; _to the Committee on the District of ; of our common humanity, that we may The resolution was agreed to. Columbia. become workers together with Thee in By Mr. ELLSWORTH: EXTENSION OF REMARKS H . R. 5522. A bill to amend the joint reso­ binding the races of man into that per­ Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. Mr. lution of July 29, 1941, rE:Iating to the re­ .fect family that shall belt the earth with Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to moval of officers from- the active list of the good will when Thy radiant kingdom revise and extend my own remarks on Regular Army; to the Committee on Military comes. In the name of Christ Jesus our Affairs. · Lord. Amen. the subject of the road bill. By Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey: The SPEAKER. Is there objection to H. Res. 656. Resolution relating to the dis­ THE JOURL~AL the reauest of the ger.tleman from Con- position of the files of the Special Commit­ On request of Mr. HILL, and by necticut? · tee to Investigate Un-American Activities; unanimous consent, the reading of the There was no objection. to the Committee on Rules. Journal of the proceedings of the calen­ LEAVE OF ABSENCE dar day Wednesday, November 22, wcs By unanimous consent, leave of ab­ PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS dispensed with, and the Journal was sence was granted as follows: Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private approved. To Mr. KEEFE (at the request of Mr. bills and resolutions were introduced and . MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT MuRRAY of Wisconsin), 1 week, on ac­ severally referred as follows: Messages in writing from the President count cf illness. By Mr. GORE: of the United States were communicated To Mr. HocH, for Friday, November 24, H. R. 5523. A bill for the relief Of R. H. to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one of the on account of official business. Sindle; to the Committee on Claims. secretaries. To the Committee on Military Affairs By Mr. GREEN: H. R. 5524. A bill for the relief of Willie H. MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE

~~ned and willing to pay the costs of .peace, there is interposed the -idea that we are go- be ordered any place on earth at any time?'" · however great they are. · . ing to be asked _to giv.e up our sovereignty, · Oh, no! Because· the United States has a These are self-evident truths. · They -do that is just one of those fallacies· which I veto of its own on any vote to determine not need proof, and it is upon 'these founda­ undertake to point out does not meet the · these two ·issues which I have mentioned. tions-that we proceed with great hope that effort that we are making. All it has to do is to say "No," and that ends we may this time form an international or­ . I might say. in passing that if an of the it, and that is true of Russia, it is true of ganization that will avoid the mistakes -and peace-loving sovereign nations enter into China, and it is true of Great Britain. "Well,'' the shortages which we have discovered in the the same agreement to submit to a direction you say, "of what use or value is that kind of League of Nations. The Dumbarton Oaks of their armed forces to suppress or prevent an organization at all?" And the answer is, Conference has been moving thus far . very a military uprising anywhere in the world, "None, unless the peoples of the earth truly · satisfact orily ' on a plan that was submitted they have each contributed the same . desire peace strongly enough to keep their by the United· States.· I might remind you, amount of independence. By that combined delegates heartily in cooperation for security though perhaps it is unnecessary, that ·we effort r.elative sovereignty has not changed and peace. Without that, any organization have h ad several declarations from high at all, but has been exercised according to you set up will ·fail." sources indicating a general course of inten't treaty. We have to go on the constructive theory among the United Nations. In the first place Now, the American plan, so far as it has that it is possible for peace-loving nations we had the Atlantic Charter, first declared become public, comprehends an organiza­ to cooperate and that it is probable that they by the representatives of the United States tioh that is very like the outlines of the will }:refer to cooperate than 'to pull apart. and Great Britain, but subsequently sub­ . If we start on the other theory-that they League of Nations. In it you have a gen­ are bound to pull apart-why, then, of course, scribed to by all of the United Nations. In eral ass~mbly, which possesses all of the the next place we had the Declaration of ju!'isdictions and powers which are not spe­ there isn't any use starting whatever. Moscow, and finally the so-called Connally cifically granted to other branches of the So, assuming the postulates which I stated resolution, which pas5€d the Senate by a organization. Then you have an executive in the beginning, and that one in particu­ vote really startling in its proportions of 85 council, which has a very limited authority lar-that all peoples are willing to pay the to 5. The Moscow Declaration, which under­ but a tremendous power, and that authority cost of peace-we go ahead with the hope t akes to complement the Atlantic Charter, bears upon peaceful settlement of controver­ and with the firm belief that we are about to and the Connally resolution declare for sub­ erect an organization in the world that will sies among nations through ~onciliation or stantially the same thing, and that is an in­ arbitration, or the ultimate direction of be a completE change from anything we have ternational organization established at the military force; and then you haye as the ever had before. Now, let me try to simply earliest practicable date upon the basis of the third major branch of that organization a picture that change. In the first place, we sovereign equality of nations both great and are going to have some fundamental rules court. Supporting all of th ~~. ar~ed forces small, for the purpose of security and peace. . that we have never had before. Just simple are to be set up by means of~ separate agree­ I have not tried to quote it, but I have given ment not contained in the basic treaty for ru).es of conduct, and I will name two or three you the sense of the declaration and the the establishment of this international or­ of them. In the first place, we will put into sense. of the Connally resolution. ganization for security and peace. this basic treaty: No.1, hereafter all disputes From t he time of Secretary Hull's· return among nations shall be settled amicably and from the Moscow Conference down to the Now, then, how do we protect; how do we without resort to war; No. 2, we will promise . time. When the Dumbal'ton Oaks group met, intend in the American plan to protect the not to use our armed forces against any other · meetings were.held to woi:k out a plan based vital interests of each separate nation? It nation except as permitted by this basic upon· that general policy, a ·plan which was is not difficult to do, and I think it is not treaty -and the order or direction of the difficult to understand . . I{ you have trouble single in its aim-it was for security~protec­ executive council of this organization; ·No. 3, . tion agaJnst military aggression anywhere on understanding, it will be· because Qf my lack we agree, that ~hose troops that we allocate . earth. The unique character of that plan is of clarity in explaining it, but I am going to in another agreement for this service of its singleness of purpose. If there is one try it. Let's assume that your executive meeting and repelling armed force shall obey thing that I want to emphasize here tonight, council has jurisdiction over the question the direction of the executive council it is the irrelevance of the discussion you hear of what constitutes an aggression; what promptly and before the spark has burst into that we must not authorize .our agent or · constitutes a condition anywhere on earth a world conflagration. That is the basis delegate to this organization to ·act without that . thre-atens war, also over the further that we start with for an organization coming to Congress every time he acts. That question of what sanctions shall be ordered that is different than anything else hereto­ is used as opposition to the plan itself, but to prevent or_ repel military aggression. fore experienced. 1t is wholly irrelevapt. This little group, we will say, consists of 11 We start with some few si¢ple rules of Another is that we must not enter into this countries, ee.ch country having 1 vote. conduct, and then we set up a court to in­ plan because it is going to require of us that Four of those countries at· the present time terpret. and apply those rules, a new court in · we allocate branches of our armed forces to · are contemplated to be the 4 great pow­ a way. We have had a world court and I look · be subject to the direction of some organi· ers that now have the leadership in the forward with eagerness to hearing Hon. zation other than the sovereiftn government conduct of this war, the Unired States, Manley Hudson tell us about, it tomorrow of the United States. Of course you can see Great Britain, Russia, and China. Later it night. I know it is going to be a wonder­ · that these objections confuse the issue, is contemplated that there may be another ful education to me, and I think likely it which is the simple one of security. Shall nation added to that group of major · na­ may be to you. But that court has no au­ we enter into an agreement for security.,? tions. They are to hav·e perm'anent member­ thority over a country until the . country Shall we abandon this unilateral policy ship in this executive· council. Ail the oth­ submits itself to its jurisdiction. In other which nations have heretofore held, and put ers would be impermanent members elected words, there is no ·obligatory jurisdiction in into effect the cGo~erative plan by which annually and in rotation, possibly having that court. You can't say to a country society performs its duty to maintain order reference to geographical location as well that has aggrieved you, "Here, you come and peace in the world, instead of having as other fa:ctors qualifying nations to sit in over into this world tribunal and let us every m ember of society undertake to carry that council. present our case," and have that tribunal, out some advice that is given to it by the Now, then, is this to be pure politics? Is thiS an independent body, decide the case in a organization and every member given au- to be a set-up in which the 4 great nations peaceful way according to well known meth­ . tltority separately to maintain law and order. shall overwhelm and control the lesser na­ ods of procedure. You can't do that now. Another objection, wholly irrelevant, which tions of the earth? Quite the contrary. Of .course we already are under treaty for does not meet the issue that is before the The plan is to provide for cooperation in this pacific settlement of international disput es Dumbarton Oaks Conference is this question manner: Any decision upon the cause for the with 40 countries, including Great Britain, of sovereignty. It confuses the true mean­ application of sanctions and any decision France, Germany, Russia, and China. The ing of external sovereignty, treating it as if upon the application of sanctions requires a Briand-Kellogg Treaty signed in 1928 pro­ it were the same thing as internal sovereignty. majority vote of which the permanent mem­ vides for both arbitration and conciliation. Our external sovereignty does not come as bers must be counted-that is, you must However, submission to the Permanent the result of a constitution that the people always have the 4 permanen~ members in Court of Arbitration of justiciable issues re­ of the United States have entered into or your majority. But a majority of 11 is 6; quires a special agreement in each case, agreed upon. External sovereignty comes therefore, you must have the vote of 2 of made by and with the advice and consent as a result of the law of necessity in the the impermanent members in order to have of the Senate, settling all the t erms of the family of nations, and that sovereignty, like any a<'tion-any decision. Turn it around: reference. It gives no obligatory jurisdiction freedom, is a relative thing. What it really If the minor nations were apparently being which can be invoked by a claimant. All . is, is not what the word means, that is, su­ overshadowed by the major nations, you can the treaties are subject to t ermination -perior over every other thing. If that were see how that by these 6 minor nations vot­ after a certain period of t ime. However, the the exact meaning of external sovereignty ing together, or by 5 of them voting to­ United States has acknowledged the· pro­ there could be only one sovereign nation in gether, they could veto any action that the priety of submitting to an international the world. In fact, we claim that nothing 4 major n ations voted for. All right. Ask court even the most serious of our interna­ under the word of God is sovereign. yourself the question, "Is the United States tional differences. This st ep adv£1-n ces us And EO, when against progress in the ne­ · going to be endangered here by this arrange­ toward the desired goal of obligat ory judicial gotiation of this treaty at Dumbarton Oaks, ment so that against its will its troops can procedure. The exist ing law of nations has 8354 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-,-SENATE NOVEMBER 24 the infirmity that no state can without its taining law and order in the .worlq. Of e~perience of history speaking t0 -qs W\~h consent be compelled to submit its dis­ course that is the greatest step of progress venerable accent justifies us in the expecta­ put es with other nations either to mediation that society has ever undertaken. tion Jhat we would probably never. have the or arbitration or to any other kind of' "Well," they say, "that is good, but what resul'!; of a condition of war flowing from the pacific settlement. about war? Supposing ~hat all these benign direction of armed forces sep.t out for the This fatal defect in the Covenant of the influences, all these benevplent purposes fail, purpose of preventing or repelling military League of Nations was pointed out by the and it appears to t~e executive council that aggression at the earliest time that it appears. Permanent Court of International Justice in it is necessary to use the armed forces of the · Now I thank you very much for the privi­ a case where Finland sought to invoke the United States, how are you going to make lege of talking with you about this subject. covenant in its dispute with Russia. This that effective, that is, by: having it operate I feel that I have not done it justice, but infirmit y is that such covenants amount to quickly enough on the trouble to suppress if you will take from me tdnight some of no more than a promise to make a treaty it before it gets into a big conflagration?" the earnestness that I feel, that we here of arbitrat ion when the dispute arises. It Well, it is just this way: First, we will make at home give an that it takes to prevent an­ fails to function automatically, while relq.­ our organization for the enforcement of se­ other war, then these spurious debates over tions are pacific, when a dispute arises and curity and peace in the world. Second, we sovereignty, these external and irrelevant and before the passions of war are aroused. So will see to it that every country after having immaterial issues that are thrown in the that is new, the idea of giving to this court, ratified the basic treaty setting up this or­ way of this simple treaty setting up a world this world 'court, and perhaps some re­ ganization, every country that is a member organization for security and peace will have gional courts, obligatory jurisdiction. of that treaty will determine by its own 'par­ little weight. I feel sure that Vermont will What else is new about this plan of organ­ liamentary process what the authority of its be where she always has been, at the van of ization? I am talking about the American delegate to that council shall be. Nothing the fight meeting the challenge of oppor­ plan, which I hope will be accepted by the less than that would satisfy the people o:t tunity to erect an international organiza­ other great treaty powers of the earth. any country. tion under whose protection peace can be This country would not be satisfied to have attained that will prevail. The League of Nations in article 10 pro­ the commission of its delegate to the coun­ vided for advice. Advice to whom? To the EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. aggrieved country-a country that might cil depend upon the decision of any other have been so weak in a military sense or country. Each country will have to decide for itself what acts of its delegate may be The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the economic sense and every other way that it done without further authority. That is why Senate the following letters, which were could not possibly defend itself. Regardless referred as indicated: of its competency to defend itself all we I say it is premature for the isolationists to raise that issue. It will not arise until we WESTERN RECLAMATION DEVELOPMENT have under the League of Nations, is a have first agreed upon a basic treaty that sets scheme by which society advises the ag­ A letter from the Secretary of the Interior up an organization. Then, of course, it will in relation to reclamation development_in the grieved to act. Thereby society evades--at be up 'to the United States Congress to det!'lr­ least it avoids-its duty to maintain order western United States, and calling attention mine what this office is. It will take an act to recent proposals regarding the river and under the law among nations of the world. of Congress to create this office, and Congress That is under article 10. Now under article harbor bill and the fiood-control bill, and may say this office is great enough to have stating, in part, "These proposals, if adopted, 16, which is the only other article in the , the dignity of a cabinet position. And so Covenant of the League of Nations ·having would breach the long-established policies of Congress creates the office, defines its powers, the Congress under which reclamation de­ to do with coercion, the League recommends fixes its limitations, and makes appropria­ to the member state what to do to protect tions to support it, and in so doing says there velopment in the West has proceeded since itself. 1902 in a manner that has gained for it is one fundamental thing this office shall not bipartisan and Nation-wide support. It Now what do we propose? Well, you will have the power to do, and that is to declare not ice in the planks on war and peace of both war. The power to declare war is up to Con­ would be tragic if the basic reclamat ion poll· the National Democratic Convention and the gress, and Congress cannot delegate it and cies of the Nation were breached by the pres­ N~:~-tional Republican Convention, the same will not delegate it; but all those other acts . sure of shortsighted and selfish local inter­ vital change, and that is the power to direct. of a lesser nature amounting to an interposi­ ests"; to the Committee on Irrigation and Of course I am more familiar with the Re­ tion of armed forces we will delegate. Our Reclamation. publican plank than I am the Democrat ic delegate need not come back to us each time PAYMENTS .BY OFFICER PATmNTS IN ST. ELIZA• plank. In the Republican plank there is a the question arises whether he ought to vote BETHS HOSPITAL OR PUBLIC HEALTH Hos­ declaration of policy by which we say that to send some of our people to a certain place PITALS we shall give to this organization the means prevent or repel aggression. That is not of directing peace forces to prevent or re­ to A letter from the Administrator of the declaring war. Of course, war may succeed Federal Security Agency, transmitting a draft pel military aggression. Those who drew as it did in China, at the time of the Boxer both of those planks, the Democratic plank of proposed legislation to provide that com• uprising, but in such event Congress would missioned and warrant officers placed in St. and the Republican plank, the men who have ample time in which to pass upon the really sat down and drew them were fa­ Eliza'beths Hospital or certain United States question of whether Congress wanted to de­ Public Health Service hospitals shall be liable miliar with the American plan because they clare war. had helped to make it. Both plan ks are to pay s'Q,_ch rate per day as may be prescribed designed with the idea of getting the re­ I don't know how long I have talked-! from time to time by the President, and to sources, moral and spiritual and political have talked t

pepartments of the Treasury _(5) 1 War (9), , The employees ask for, ,a 9 cents per markets, as well as to our· own inter­ Post Office, Justice, Navy (3), Agriculture, and hour increase in pay, which is. the equiv­ coastal markets. . Labor; Federal Works Agency' (2). Federal alent of the increase granted by the Among those participating in. this Power Commission, Federal Security Agency President to the railroad workers earlier (3), and Office of Pdce. Administr~tion which association, according to a list which are not needed· in the conduct of business this year. The Government agencies has been handed to me, are the follow­ and have no permanent value or historical were willing to approve a 5-cent increase, ing well-known businessmen: ~nterest, and requesting action looking to but disapproved the 9-cent increase. Julius H. Barnes, of Duluth, three times their disposition (with accompanying pa­ : The War and Navy-Departments hold president,· United States. Chamber of pers); to a Joint Select Co~mittee on the that arrangements have been made for Commerce; Edward J. Noble, chairman Pisposition of Papers in the Executive De­ the accommodation of their workers in partments. of the board, Blue Network, New York; essential industries, and have not certi­ Henry Ford 2d, executive vice president, The VICE PRESIDENT appointed Mr. fied the strike to the President as detri­ Ford Motor Co.; Daniel W. Hoan, former BARKLEY and Mr. BREWSTER members of mental to the war in impeding the trans­ mayor of Milwaukee and president, Great the committee on the part of the Senate. portation of war necessities. · As a result, Lakes Harbor Association; Fred J. Free­ a deadlock has ensued which leaves set­ PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS stone, former chairman, executive com­ tlement apparently to the employers and mittee, National Grange, Syracuse, N.Y. Petitions, etc., were laid before the employees. It is this situation for which Murray Lincoln, secretary, Ohio Farm Senate by the Vice President and referred the signers of the petition request Bureau, Columbus, Ohio; Cyrus Eaton, a~ indicated: alleviation. president, Otis & Co., Cleveland, Ohio; A letter in the nature of a petition from I ask unanimous consent to include William Loeb, president, Burlington the American University Park Citizens Asso­ the letter and the petition, without the Daily News, Burlington, Vt.; Bernard ciation, Washington, D. C., favoring the names of the signers, following my re­ prompt confirmation of the nomination of Ridder, publisher, Pioneer Press, St. marks, and that the letter and petition Paul, Minn.; Rollo F. Hunt, Duluth, Guy Mason, of the District of Columbia, for be properly referred. . reappointment for a term of 3 years as Com­ Minn., chairman, Minesota Great Lakes missioner of the District of Columbia; or­ I also have received the following tele­ Tidewater Commission. gram from Mr. LeRoy Mote, president dered to lie on the table. Perry W. Jenkins, National Reclama­ A resolution by the Council of the City of of the Elgin Association of Commerce, advising me that 2,200 residents of the tion Association, Salt Lake City, Utah; Minneapolis, Minn., protesting against the Perry H. Stevens, president, Commercial enactment of legislation hampering or im­ Elgin area are being embarrassed by this strike: Securities, Gary, Ind.; William L. White, peding the free use of inland waterway trans­ publisher, Emporia Gazette, Emporia, portation facilities by requiring as a condi­ Chicago, Aurora & Elgin Railroad serves tion precedent to the :making of appropria­ critical labor-shortage area. Strike on this Kans.; Donald S. Kiskadden, vice presi­ tions for waterway projects for which a trans­ road now in fifth day seriously handicapping dent and general manager, Buhl Land portation value is claimed, a finding from some 2,200 Elgin area Chicago commuters, Co., Detroit, Mich.; John C. Beukema, the Interstate CommerGe Commission; to many of whom are war workers. Essential secretary, Michigan Great Lakes Tide­ the Committee on Commerce. • freight movements into Elgin and neighbor­ water Commission, Muskegon, Mich. A resolution adopted by members of the ing communities also completely cut off. George E. Hardy, chairman, Ohio Redlands (Calif.) Chapter of the Knights of Urge immediate attention be given this Waterways Commission, Toledo, Ohio; the Round Table and its guests assembled, situation. protesting against the ratification of a treaty Roy W. Gifford, vice president and gen­ between the United States of America and Other telegrams and letters were re­ eral manager, Norge Division, Borg­ the United Mexican States relating to the ceived, protesting against the continu­ Warner Co.; Clarence J. Reese: president, waters of the Rio Grande, the Colorado, and ance of the strike and urging its Continental Motors, Mu~kegon, Mich.; the Tijuana Rivers; to the Committee on settlement. Manferd Burleigh. president, Great Foreign Relations. There being no objection, the letter Lakes Greyhound Corporation, Detroit; 9:'HE BAILEY AMENDMENT TO FLOOD- and the petition were received, r_eferred James E. Davidson, shipbuilder, Bay CONTROL BILL-TELEGRAM FROM THE to the Committee on Interstate Com­ City, Mich. . GOVERNOR OF MONTANA merce, and ordered to be printed in the W. A. Stinchcomb, director, Cleveland I RECORD without the signatures attached, Metropolitan Park District, Cleveland, Mr. WHEELER. Mr. President, I offer as follows: for the RECORD and appropriate refer­ Ohio; Murray D. VanWagoner, Detroit, ¢nce a telegram which I have received ELMHURST, ILL., November 20, 1944. former Governor of · Michigan; E. B. Han. C. WAYLAND BROOKS. Crosby, Northern Federation . Chambers from the Governor of my State, the Hon­ HoNORABLE SIR: Herewith present for your orable Sam C. Ford, in which he states: of Commerce, Massena, N.Y.; Jo Winter­ consideration 60-signature petition regarding botham, chairmap., Champlain Valley HELENA, MONT., November 24, 1944. nonservice on Chicago, Aurora & Elgin R. R. Am opposed to Senator BAILEY's amend­ Thanking you in advance for any action Council, Burlington, Vt. . ment to flood-control bill relating to dis­ you may take in the matter, I am, I understand that this is only a partial posal of power generated from multiple­ Yours truly, and preliminary list of the prominent purpose dams. OTTO J. UHLIR. businessmen of the United States who SAM C. FoRD, Governor. have united in this association for the ' ELMHURST, ILL., November 18, 1944, The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob­ Hon. C. WAYLAND BROOKS, purpose of bringing about the Great jection, the telegram will be received and United States Senator, Washington, D. C. Lakes-St. Lawrence waterway develop­ lie on the table. Whereas the Chicago, Aurora & Elgin R. R. ment. has discontinued service. as of November 10, The association elected Julius H. SETTLEMENT OF RAILROAD STRiKE IN 1944; Barnes, president; W. C. Cowling, execu­ THE CHICAGO AREA-PETITION Whereas this has caused undue delay to all tive director, Detroit Port Commission, I essential workers thereby having a detri­ · Mr. BROOKS. Mr. President, Mr. mental effect on the war effort: Therefore as executive vice president; and Allen Otto J. Uhlir, 185 East Wilson Street, We the undersigned citizens of the United -Lean, transportation m~mager, Detroit Elmhurst, Ill., has transmitted to me a States of America, commuters on above men­ Board of Commerce, secretary-treasurer. petition signed by 61 commuters on tioned railroad, herewith petition you as our­ In announcing the orcanization of the the Chicago, Aurora & Elgin Railroad representative to use your judgment and association, Mr. Barnes, the president, for the settlement of a strike which has influence in alleviating this nonservice as stated that members participating in the been pending on the Chicago, North above-mentioned. organization were motivated by the con­ Shore & Milwaukee Railroad and the NATIONAL ST. LAWRENCE ASSOCIATION viction that the solution of the critical Chicago, Aurora & Elgin Railroad for Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, on No­ post-war problem of employment makes the past week. vember 21 a group of leading Ameri­ it imperative that steps be taken now to This strike has discommoded many can businessmen met at Detroit and lift the transportation handicap of the employees of essential industries who organized the National St. Lawrence great Middle West. As one phase the use these roads to reach their places of Association. The announced purpose of association · hopes for early favorable employment. The various agencies of t~ - association is to foster foreign trade action in Congress on the pending .the Government have failed .in obtaining an'"Ci to give the industries and farmers St. Lawrence seaway and power agree­ an adjustment of differences. of the Midwest direct access to world ment. 8356 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE NOVEMBER 24 The association office has been opened joint legislative action of the legislatures in ELECTION OF THE PRESIDENT AND VICE at 2200 Buhl Bu,ilding, Detroit 26, Mich. Canada and the United States. PRESIDENT BY POPULAR VO~PRO­ I ask unanimous consent to have Any attempt made by opponents of the POSED CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT project to raise the issue of treaty versu~ printed in the RECORD at this point as a agreement is an obstructionist tactic to frus­ Mr. BUSHFIELD. I ask unanimous· part of my remarks a resolution which trate the will of the people and to break the consent to introduce for appropriate ref· was adopted at the meeting of business· pledges of both major parties and their erence a joint resolution proposing an men in Detroit. leaders for 30 years. At a time when both amendment to the Constitution of the There being no objection, the resolu­ parties are dedicated to creating unity in the United States. . The purpose of the joint tion was ordered to be printed in the world for peace and prosperity, a recalcitrant minority representing sectional or special resolution is to abolish the electoral col­ ~ RECORD, as follows: interests must not be allowed to. divide our lege and to make the selection of Presi­ The ·st. Lawrence navigation and power country and to destroy the constructive pro­ dent and. Vice President by popular vote. project has repeatedly been advocated by the gram of both parties for creative employment There being no objection, the joint responsible leadership of both parties and has for war workers and returning veterans. resolution (S. J. Res. 157) proposing been officially recommended by every Presi­ The National St. Lawrence Association, dent since before World War No. 1, as an im­ an amendment to the Constitution of therefore, commends the announced inten­ the United States relating to the election provement that will promote the security of tion Of Senator GEORGE D. AIKEN to Obtain the whole Natfon and benefit all our people early approval of the St. Lawrence project. of the President and th~ Vice President, in war and in peace. on the floor of the Senate, and appreciates was received, read twice by its title and On October 24, 1944, in messages made pub­ the support of President :ijoosevelt and Ma­ referred to the Committee on the lic by Senator GEORGE D. AIKEN, at the St. jority Leader BARKLEY for Senator AIKEN's Judiciary. Lawrence conference at Detroit, President program of action. Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Gov. Thomas E. HOUSE BILL REFERRJID Dewey expressly renewed their previous en­ REPORTS OF COMMITTEES The bill

Resolved, Tba.t the limit of expenditu~es his judgment approve thereof, a protocol, of treaty stipulations, shall be under the of the Committee on Interstate Commerce signed in Washington on November 14, 1944, jurisdiction of the Commission or of the re­ under Senate Resolution 268, Seventy-eighth supplement ary to the treaty between the spective Section, in accordance With the pro­ Congress, agreed to March 29, 1944 (relating United States of America and the United visions of the Treaty. In carrying out the to an investigation of international commu­ Mexican States relating to the utilization ·of construction of such works the Sections of nications by wire and radio) , is hereby in- the waters of the Colorado and Tijuana the Commission may utilize the services of creased by $10,000. · Rivers and of the Rio Grande (Rio Bravo), public or private organizations in ac.cordance REVIEW OF REPORTS ON GULF INTRA­ which was signed in Washington on Feb­ with the laws of their respective countries. ruary 3, 1944. This Protocol, which shall be regarded as COASTAL WATERWAY (S. DOC. NO. 248) The treaty of February 3, 1944, was trans­ an integral part of the aforementioned Treaty Mr. CONN"ALLY presented a letter mitted to the Senate by the President with signed in Washington on February 3, 1944, · from the Secretary of War, transmitting his message of February 15, 1944, with a view shall be ratified and the ratifications thereof a report dated October 7, 1944, from the to receiving the advice and consent of the shall be exchanged in Washington. This. Senate to ratification thereof. The texts of Protocol shall be effective beginning with the Chief of Engineers, United States Army. the treaty and of the President's message, to­ day of the entry into force of the Treaty and on a review of reports on the Gulf Intra­ gether with the text of the report of the Sec­ shall continue effective ·so long as the Treaty coastal Waterway, with a view to deter­ retary of State dated February 9, 1944, have remains in force. ~.ni~g if ,i~ ~~ ~dvisable to mo~fy the been printed in Senate Executive A, Seventy- In Witness whereof the respective Plenipo­ ex1stmg proJect many way, partlCularly . eighth Congress, second session. The treaty tentiaries have signed this Protocol and have . with reference to the construction of a was referred to the Committee on Foreign hereunto affiXed their seals. . side channel and turning basin in Red · Relations of the Senate on February 15, 1944. Done in duplicate, in the English and Fish Bay, which, with the accompanying The purpose of the protocol is to clarify Spanish languages, in Washington. this four­ . report, was referred to the Committee the meaning and application of those provi­ teenth day of November, 1944. sions of the treaty which relate to the func­ For the Government of the United States on Commerce and ordered to be printed tions and jurtSdiction of the respective sec­ of America: . with an illustration. tions of the International Boundary and [SEAL] E. R. STETriNIUS, Jr., UTILIZATION OF WATERS OF THE COLO­ Water Commission in ·connection with the Acting Secretary of State RADO AND TIJUANA RIVERS AND OF construction or use of works for storage or of the United States of America. THE RIO GRANDE-PROTOCOL conveyance of water. flood control, strea.zn For the Government of the United Mexi­ gaging, or for any other purpose. can States: As in executive session, By its qwn terms the protocol is to be re­ [SE'AL] F. CAS'l'ILLO NAJERA, Mr. CONNALLY. Mr. President, the · garded· a8 an integral part of the treaty of Ambassador Extraordinary and Pleni­ · President of the United States-has sent February 8, 1944, and shall be etrective be­ potentiary of the United Mexican to the Senate a protocol supplementary ginning with the day of the entry into force States in Washington. of the treaty, continuing effective so long as to the treaty between the. United States the treaty remains in force. Accordingly, C. I. 0. CONVENTION ADDRESS BY THE · and Mexico with reference to the waters after such time as the Senate may have given VICE PRESIDENT of the Colorado and Tijuana Rivers and its advice and consent to the ratification of lMr. LUCAS asked and obtained leave to the Rio Grande. I ask unanimous con­ the treaty and protocol, the protocol should have printed in the RECORD the address de­ sent that the protocol be referred to the be ratified together with the treaty. It is livered by the Vice President at the annual Committee ·on Foreign Relations, and provided in the protocol, as in the treaty, that convention of the C. I. 0. in Chicago, Til., on that the ban of secrecy be removed there­ the ratifications shall be exchanged in Wash­ . November 21, 1944, which appears in the from. ington. . Appendix.} Respectfully submitted. REORGANIZATION OF CONGRESS- AD­ The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob­ EDwARD R. STET'tiNIUS, Jr:, . jection, as in executive session, the re­ Acting Searetary of State. DRESS BY SENATOR DAVIS BEFORE quest of the Senator from Texas is [Enclosure: Protocol, signed November 14, P~BURGH LEAGUE OF WOMEN granted, and the protocol will be pub­ 1944, supplementary to treaty between United VOTERS lished in the RECORD. States and Mexico relating to waters of the [Mr. DAVIS asked and obtained leave to Colorado and Tijuana-Rivers and of the Rio The protocol (Executive H, ·seventy­ have printed in the REco~n an address en­ eighth Congress, second -session) is as Grande signed February 3, 1944.1 . titled "Reorganization of Congress:• deliv­ · follows~ · ered by him before the .League of Women PROTOCOL Voters at Pittsburgh, Pa., on October 6, 1944, To the Senate ot the United States: The Government. of the United States of · which appears in the Appendix. 1 With a view to receiving the advice and America and the Government of the United TRIBUTE TO THE LATE SENATOR ELLISON consent of the Senate to ratification, I Mexican States agree and understand that: D. SMITH Wherever, by Virtue of 1;he provisions of the transmit herewith a protocol, signed in "[Mr. MAYBANK asked and obtained leave Washington on November 14, 1944, sup­ Treaty between the United States of America and the United Mexican States, signed tn to have printed in· the REcoRD an editorial ·plementary to the treaty between the Washington on February 3, 1944, relating to . tribute to the late Senator Ellison D. Smith, United States of America and the United the utilization of the waters of the Colorado of South Carolina. published in the State, . Mexican States relating to the utilization and Tijuana Rivers and of the Rio Grande of Columbia, S. c.. of November 18, 1944, of the waters of the Colorado and Ti­ from Fort Quitman, ""Texas, to the Gulf of which appears In the Appendix.} . juana Rivers and of the Rio Grande y the purchasers the ·~enator from Alabama [Mr. BANK­ The proposed amendment is in Conflict shall be passed on under Federal regulation HEAD] to the committee amendment as with the Government's general power where no State regulation exists to the con­ · modified,- being the so-called Bailey policy as embodied in the acts heretofore suming public: Provided, That unless 90.per­ amendment. The amendment to the referred to and in the Rural Electrifica­ cent of the ·firm ·power produced at such amendment was agreed to. tion ·Administration Act. That policy is projects shall be demanded or purchased The question now recurs 011 the modi­ designed to assure the widest possible within 3 years after completion of construe~ tion of such projects, the Secretary of the fied committee amendment as amended, distribution of electricity at the lowest which the yeas and nays have been possible rates in order to build . up the Interior is authorized to construct trans­ ori mission iines for the purpose of selling such ordered. · economic life of the regions· in which power at wholesale. Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, in power can be made available. T:tJ.e pur­ the absence of the Senator from Con- pose includes the development of indus­ So that section 5 as modified will read , necticut [Mr-. MALONEY] I wish to in­ try, the electrification of farms, the im­ as follows: quire what has happened to the amend­ provement of home life, and the general SEc. 5. Electric power and energy generated ment which he gave notice last Wednes­ raising of living standards. at reservoir projects under the control of the War Department and in the opinion of the day he would. offer? His amendment To accomplish this broad purpose, the would strike out in line 8, page 3, of the Federal Government must retain the au­ Secretary of Wa~ not required in the :opera­ tion of such projects shall be delivered to the _ so-called Bailey amendment the words thority to deliver power without the Secretary of the Interior, who shall transmit "demanded· or" and the words "within 3 "by your leave" of the local monopoly, and dispose of such power·and energy in such years after", and insert before the word whose high rates may be thwarting this manner as to encourage the most widespread "completion" the word "upon", so that very purpose. Thus in the Brazos River use thereof at the lowest possible rates to the amendment of the Senator from area in Texas, the decision of the Brazos consumers consistent with sound business North Carolina would at that place read River Authority to build transmission principles, the rate schedules to become effec­ as follows: lines and sell power to rural electric co­ tive upon confirmation and approval by the Federal Power Commission. Preference ·in That unless 90 percent of the firm power operatives led to a reduction from 12 ·the sale of such power and energy shall be produced at such projects shall 'be purchased mills to 6 mills per kilowatt-hour in the given to public bodies and cooperatives. The upon completion of construction of such rates which the private company in­ sale of such electric power as may be ·gen­ projects, the Secretary of the Interior is sisted it must charge for wholesale erated at reservoir projects shall be made at authorized to construct transmission lines power supply to such cooperatives. the point of production, without special privi­ for the purpose of selling such power at The proposed amendment is basically lege or diScrimination, so as to provide for the wholesale. ' in conflict with the fundamental legal complete coordination of such power and energy with other power developments, both Many of us are very much interested concept of such public services as the private . and public, in the area contiguous in the amendment.' In the absence of supplying of electricity. Historically with ·such projects. It shall be stipulated in the Senator from Connecticut I hesitate such services have be·en -universally connection with any sale that any and ·p.u to pr-ess it. .· It ·would, however, make recognized by the law -as public or gov- savings realized- by the purchasers shall be niuch ·difference · in ·· my attitude towaTd 1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 8361 the whole committee amendment if the if I understand the language · of the percent of it, whether for 10 years or a amendment of the Senator .from Con­ amendment correctly, by the time of the hundred years, no one else would have necticut were agreed to. -completion of the dam. In the first any right to it. I assume that if they Mr. BAILEY. Mr. President, the Sen­ place, I doubt very seriously whether consumed 90 percent of the power, but ator from Connecticut [Mr. MALONEY] private companies could conform to such little additional difficulty would be en­ sent word to me that he ·would be pres­ requirements. I can conceive of an countered in contracting for the entire ent in the Chamber at 1:15 o'clock this interval of time existing during which amount. So even if the amendment afternoon, and not before. I . should private companies might not have con­ were modified, a great inany people would very much like to have the final vote structed the lines to use the power which be excluded who should have the benefit on the pending amendment deferred un­ would be furnished. The Federal Gov­ of the power. For that reason I cannot til the Senator from Connecticut has ernment would not be authorized to con­ support the amendment. arrived. I am agreeable to his amend­ struct the lines, and the result would be Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, will the ment, and I believe that I have the right that the power would be in existence and Senator yield? to submit it myself and get it before the available, and yet no use could be made Mr. BARKLEY. I yield. Senate at this time. If the Senator from of it. Mr. AIKEN. Does not the Senator Michigan wishes to have me yield to him But, as I have said, the proposed from Kentucky understand that the for that purpose, I shall be glad to do so. amendment would not overcome the es­ Bankhead amendment would not give Mr. VANDENBERG. I should be very sential objection which some of us have any preference to municipal plants, but glad if the able Senator from North Caro­ raised to the committee amendment as only to rural communities? lina would accept the amendment. amended, namely, that nothing in the Mr. BARKLEY. That is correct. Mr. BAILEY. I should like to sub­ committee amendment lays down any Mr. AIKEN. There are hundreds of mit it in order that it may be before the requirement that .the rates at which pri­ small towns and small cities -and some Senate for consideration. Mr. President, vate companies may distribute power larger cities all oveJathe United States I send forward the amendment hereto­ shall be reasonable rates. that have municipar plants, and even fore referred to by the Senator from In the second place, there is no re­ with the Bankhead amendment added, Connecticut, known as the Maloney .quirement in the so-called Bailey they would be unable to purchase low­ amendment. I strike .out the name amendment that the private companies cost power from these Government­ "Maloney" and substitute in its place which would have the right to avail constructed dams. the name "Bailey," but with the un­ themselves of the power shall serve the Mr. BARKLEY. The vice of this whole derstanding that if the Senator from area which ought to be served by the amendment is that it makes it neces­ Connecticut comes into the Chamber and power, control of which the private com­ sary to come in on short notice and upon wishes the amendment to be known as panies would have. the verge of a vote to make modifica­ his amendment, it may be so arranged. Until the two essential deficiencies to tions by piecemeal to take care of some­ It is an amendment to the so-called which I have referred can be met, I can­ body in whom a Senator may be inter­ Bailey amendment. not bring myself into accord with the ested. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. so-called Bailey amendment, and I do I agree with the Senator from Ala­ LucAs in the chair). The clerk will :not see how the deficiencies could be bama and all other Senators that rural read the amendment offered by the Sen­ cured by the amendment which has just electrification organizations and cooper­ ator from North Carolina. been offered by the Senator from North atives ought to be put upon an equal The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. On page 3, line Carolina. basis, at least, and, in my judgment, they 8, of the so-called Bailey amendment Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, I wish ought to be given some preference. We it is proposed to amend by striking out to state that the modification which have encouraged them; we have set them the words "demanded or" and the words would be brought about in the Bailey up by act of Congress; we are loaning ·"within 3 years after'', and insert be­ amendment by the acceptance of the money to them on an amortization plan fore the word "completion" the word so-called Maloney amendment would not in order that they may function. Now "upon", so that the amendment of the remove my fundamental objection to the certainly we ought to encourage them by Senator from North Carolina would at Bailey amendment. All it would do giving them· some degree of preference that place read as follows: would be to require that the preferential in the case of the power it is proposed That unless 90 percent of the firm power status proposed by the Bailey amend­ to create by money from the Treasury produced at such projects shall be purchased ment to be given to private corporations - of the United States. I sympathize with upon completion of construction of such shall be exercised by the time the dam that attitude, but the necessity ·at the projects, the Secretary of the Interior is has been constructed. All that would be last moment to take care of that situa­ aut horized to construct transmission lines required would be for the proper authori­ tion by an amendment illustrates the for the purpose of selling such power at ties to make a contract in advance of vice of now trying to deal with a perma­ wholesale. the construction of the dam for 90 per·­ nent policy in reversal of what we have Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, cent of the power to be generated by it. followed for nearly 40 years. I believe the amendment would strike out the So long as the private corporations con­ for that reason the whole amendment 3-·year twilight zone which has been, in sumed 90 percent of the power in per­ ought to be rejected. my judgment, ·appropriately criticized. petual exercise of the right given them, Mr. SHIPSTEAD. Mr. President, will Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, I should no one else could purchase any power­ the Senator yield? like to say a word with reference to the unless it be the 10 percent remaining Mr. BARKLEY. I yield. proposed amendment. I should like to after the 90 percent had been consumed. Mr. SHIPSTEAD. It seems to me make it clear that I do not propose to As I said the other day, I am not willing there is an inconsistency involved. The vote for the amendment in any form to give to anyone a preferential status Federal Government is going to build unless it affects favorably the essential in the consumption and use of power some power dams and, according to the character of the original committee made possible by the expenditure of pub­ language of the amendment, when it sells amendment. I cannot see how the lic money. If any preference is to be the power generated at the dams the amendment would overcome the objec­ given it should be given to cooperatives, rates shall be passed upon by the Fed­ tion some of us have to the committee and, I believe, municipalities should be eral Power Commission, unless within amendment. In the first place, I believe included with them. They are not now the State where the energy is sold there the amendment to be impractical. It included in the amendment. is a State'regulatory body. It seems to contemplates that by the time of the Mr. VANDENBERG. · Yes; they are. me it is inconsistent for the Federal Gov­ completion of a dam private companies Mr. BARKLEY. They are not in­ ernment to spend Federal money to build shall have purchased in an effective way cluded in the Bankhead amendment. these dams and power stations, and turn all or 90 percent of the firm power to be So all the amendment would do would them over to a State to regulate the sale generated. That would mean that in be to remove ·the 3-year peri_od and give of the power which may. be generated. contemplation of the completion of the to the preferred companies the right to Take, for instance, the rural electrifica­ dftm, private companies must have con­ move in during the construction of a dam tion systems which are spreading all over structed systems, laid them out, and and contract for the purchase of the the country. They are cooperatives, and adually begun the purchase of power, power. So long as they consumed 90 are not operated for profit. Would the 8362 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE NOVEMBER 24: State under this-provision have the right Mr. HILL. The Senator is correct. preference to the power companies. to regulate rural electrification rates, It does not affect their monopoly. They speak of the monopoly of the power and should a State in any way regulate Mr. BARKLEY. And so long as they companies, and maintaining a monopoly, a Federal project and the price and exercise a monopoly, then, for a thou­ and perpetuating a monopoly. I sup­ manner of the sale of the power? sand years, perhaps, nobody else would pose that is when they piped and I did Mr. BARKLEY. The object, appar­ be able to obtain any of the power cre­ not dance. ently, of the lang_uage inserted on that ated by the dam. Now, with further reference to the subject is, if there is a State regulatory Mr. HILL. In reference to the amend­ amendment, gentlemen say all this authority that it shall take over the con­ ment offered by my colleague [Mr. power, or 90 percent of it, must be bought trol of the distribution and rates which BANKHEAD] with respect to rural coop­ by the power companies. That is not in are to be charged for power generated by eratives, the R. E. A. advises me that the bill at all and is not in the amend­ a project that has been, instituted and some of these cooperatives get their ment. It could be bought by anybody paid for by the Government of the power from public power bodies of who could buy it and would run the United States. cities, towns, and municipalities, and, of transmission lines for the purpose. What

The amendment provides that what­ course, there could be no protection bY becomes of the argument about monop­ I • ever savings there may tie shall be passed the Bankhead amendment for such or­ oly? on to the consumer, but I do not know ganizations. The R~ E. A. cooperatives Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, will how practical that moral gesture may could not get the power. the Senator yield? be. The amendment does not implement The PRESIDING OFFICER. The · Mr. BAILEY. I yield. any way by which it can be don~. There question is on agreeing to the amend- . Mr. BARKLEY. Whoever purchased is no way for the Congress to compel a ment offered by the Senator from North -the power must run his transmission State regulatory body to reduce rates be­ Carolina [Mr. BAILEYJ to the committee line to the point of production, and cause of any savirw:; that may be brought amendment, as amended. have it ready to take the power at the · about by the construction of a Federal Mr. BAILEY. Mr. President, I will time the dam is completed, under the dam. We certainly cannot compel them ·occupy just a few mo~ents, I hope, by Senator's amendment as it is now before to do it if they are not willing to do it. way of coming to an end of the discus­ the Senate. So it is null and void. It does not set up sion. I .have no intention of delaying Mr. BAILEY. Yes; but anybody can any machinery by which it can be done, matters, although I should like a delay do it. even if the Federal Government has con­ until the Senator from Connecticut [Mr. Mr. BARKLEY. Theoretically any­ .trol of it. I think that is a vice in it, MALONEY] can be in the Chamber. body might . rather than · an accomplished legislative What has just been said in the Senate Mr. BAILEY. No; it is not theoreti­ fact. by way of objection to the amendment cally. My conception of the amendment Mr. SHIPSTEAD. The State regula­ which I accepted in aid of the passage was that it aided the Secretary of the . tory body is, of course, a State agency. of the bill and in an effort to accommo­ Interior in running transmission lines, and therefore would allay some of the Mr. BARKLEY. It certainly seems to date the am~ndment to those who were ·me, in accordance with the Senator's objecting to it reminds me of the situa­ opposition· to the amendment, though, I idea, that if the Government of the tion of a rar better Man than I, or any recognize, not all. .But we are now told United States is to pay for these dams of us, could ever hope tG be, and of what it makes matters worse. I do not think and power projects across navigable He said when He found Himself which­ so at all. As originally offered the streams, on which it has exclusive juris­ ever way He turned-misinterpreted, con­ amendment provided: diction, it ought not thereafter to sur­ tradicted, and opposed. He said: Unless 90 percent of the fi?-"m power pro:.. render its jurisdiction to some State duced at such projects shall be demanded or regulatory body over which Congress has They- purchased- no control and the Federal Government The men of this generation- By "demanded" I meant called for. i has no control. are like unto children sitting in the market used "demimd" in the market sense. Mr. HIL:J;_,. Mr. President, will the place, and calling to one another, and say­ "Within 3 years." 'l'hat is the way Senator yield? ing, We have piped unto you and ye have it read. As now proposed to be amended Mr. BARKLEY. I yield. not danced; we have mourned to you, and it reads: · ye have not wept. Mr. HILL. In other words, the adop­ shall be purchased upon completion of con­ tion of the Maloney amendment ·to the I think the gentlemen who differ with struction o{ such projects, the Secretary of Bailey amendment would not in any way me now in the matter of the so-called the Interior is authorized to construct trans­ ·correct the fundamental wrong in the Maloney amendment which I offered for mission lines for the purpose or selling such Bailey amendment, which is the giving the Senator from Connecticut are in just power at wholesale. of a priority to private profit-making that position. They have piped and It is an enabling proviso tO the Secre­ companies over public nonprofit power then complained of me for ·not dancing. tary of the Interior, with a view to the organizations. Even if the Bailey If I am in a sober appearing state of disposition of the power produced at the amendment to the Bankhead-Malaney mind and they moan and I do not weep, dam. amendment is adopted, it means that the they complain of me for not weeping. I Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. Presi- public bodies, towns, cities, and munici­ understand that of course: I am not tak­ dent-- palities that operate not for profit but for ing it personally. They are merely Mr. BAILEY. I shall yield to the the benefit of the people cannot get one against; this proposal anyway no matter Senator presently. ·kilowatt of the power generated at the what may be done. I think that as the amendment will dams unless some power company says, Now let me illustrate. The last pro­ read as amended by the amendment of "We do not want the power." Is not that viso was by way of aiding the Secretary the Senator from Connecticut it will true? pnictically guarantee the immediate sale Mr. BARKLEY. That is correct. of the Interior to build transmission lines, and it is now interpreted to aid him of 90 percent of power pr

1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 8365 - Mr. HILL. I agree with the Senator brie:fiy. I regret that my train was late,· Mr. -PEPPER. I did not say it was. that perhaps a line should be built to a and that it was necessary for the Sena­ I am simply saying that unless provi­ rural cooperative. As a practical mat­ tor from North Carolina CMr. BAILEY] to sion is made in some way or other for ter, I believe that the amendmoot, as now offer the amendment. the power to be transmitted to public submitted, does pretty much what the Mr. BAILEY. Mr. President, I ask that bodies and cooperatives it will not get· Senator from North Carolina, who is al­ the name of the Senator from Connecti­ there, except through the instrumental­ ways frank and honest with the Senate, cut be substituted for mine as the author ity of the private company. That is the stated in the beginning that it would do. of the amendment. reason why it is necessary to give the It would mean that private power com­ Mr. MALONEY. I thank the Senator; Secretary of the Interior authority to panies would get all the power. but I have no pride of authorship. I was build transmission lines, unless we pre­ Mr. McCLELLAN. I am of the opin­ trying to improve and perfect the Sena- fer, as the able Senator from North ion at the moment that if public bodies tor's amendment. • Carolina distinctly and fairly says · he were added to the Bankhead amendment Mr. President, I shall be very brief. does, that distribution be by private com- · the Bailey amendment would then pro­ First, I should like to point out, in con­ panies. vide a safe and sound policy. I stated nection with the statement made once Mr. MALONEY. I certainly favor that last Wednesday that I would not support or twice by the able Senator from Ala­ procedure. I favor distribution by pri­ the Bailey amendment in its present bama [Mr. HILL], that it is provided in vate companies. I am among those who form. But if public bodies were added, the so-called Bailey amendment that believe that private companies can pro­ then I can see no objection to the Bailey whatever savings are made as a result of duce power as cheaply as can the Fed­ amendment. the production and sale of power under eral Government. I cannot think of any Mr. BURTON. Mr. President, may I Government auspices must of necessity reason under the sun which would per­ direct a question to the Senator froia be passed on to consumers. So I do not mit the Federal Government to produce Alabama? give great weight to that particular power more reasonably than can private Mr. HILL. The Senator from Arkan­ argument. The amendment now under industry. I favor the production of sas has the fioor. consideration makes provision, as the power by private companies, under rigid The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Dow­ Senate knows, that unless the private regulation and under the provisions of NEY in the chair) . The time of the power companies or others purchase 90 the Bailey amendment, which insists that Senator from Arkansas has almost ex­ percent of the so-called firm power made any savings be passed on to the con­ pired. He still has about ~ minutes. available. and purchase it immediately, sumers. Mr. McCLELLAN. I yield the :floor. the Federal Government is authorized to As a matter of fact, in the committee Mr. BURTON. Mr. President, the go ahead with the construction of trans­ I offered the language which provided Senato.r from Alabama referred to a mission lines. It is a very simple amend- ­ that they "shall" pass them on. .I think situation in which private interests or ment. I do not believe that any Senator the original words were "may pass , them others were taking 90 percent of the will object to the amendment. For that on." power, and was wondering whether or reason I shall not consume any more Mr. PEPPER. But, Mr. President, the not rural agencies would be able to get time of the Senate. Senator will admit, will he not, that power. Does the Senator suppose for a Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, will the watered stock, the birth of unnecessary moment that a private agency would not Senator yield? holding companies, and excessive profits be glad to sell power to all customers, in­ Mr. MALONEY. I yield. would prevent a power company from cluding rural agencies? Under the terms Mr. PEPPER. Does the able Senator getting the power to the consumers at of the bill, would it not get the power believe that the adoption of his amend­ as cheap a rate as the rate at which the at a reduced rate, and is there not an ment would make possible the building Government could get it there; would it express provision _that all savings which of lines to reach public bodies and co­ not? arise out of the operation must be passed operatives by any other than private Mr. MALONEY. · As I said before. in on? companies? the bill provision is made for regula­ Mr. HILL. The Senator's question . Mr. MALONEY. I am inclined toward tion. goes to the very fundamentals of public the view of the Senator from North Mr. . BAILEY. Mr. President, let me power. To answer the Senator's ques­ Carolina [Mr. BAILEY] that that would inquire whether the Senator will permit tion logically, we would abolish all pub­ be permissible under his amendment, an interruption. lic power projects and go back to the old with or without my amendment. As I Mr. MALONEY. Certainly. days before we had public power proj­ understand, my amendment would not Mr. BA.ilJEY. In existing law we have ects. The main reason why public power change the situation in that respect. abundant provision not only to prevent projects came into being was that regu­ Mr. PEPPER. Then the amendment the issuance of watered stock but also lation had failed in large measure. That of the Senator from Connecticut would to get it out of companies which have it. is why the people demanded public power not confer any power which the Bailey I understood that was .a matter which projects, in order that there might be amendment does not now contain to had already been accomplished. I · see provided yardsticks as a means of con­ build transmission lines to carry power to no trouble about that. We have already trolling the rates of private power com­ public bodies and cooperatives? passed a law on that subject, and the law panies, as well as to provide cheap power Mr. MALONEY. I do not think it is in operation. -for the power consumers of the country. would make any difference. If it would Mr. MALONEY. When I said a mo­ Mr. BURTON. It seems to me that the have any effect, it would very likely be a ment ago that I would not speak at Senator from Alabama has missed "the favorable effect from the standpoint of greater length because I doubted that reason why we had public power. It was the view of the Senator from Florida. any Senator was opposed to my amend­ not because private regulation had fallen Mr. PEPPER. I think it is pertinent ment, I had in mind that even those who down. It was because private power was to observe that power from a dam can­ favor nationalization of power in this not supplied at all in certain places. Un­ not be delivered to a public bodY or country would find my amendment to der the Bailey amendment power would cooperative unless a transmission line is their liking. 1 would expect that Sena­ be made available to private agencies, built. tors opposed to the Bailey amendment and therefore the situation feared by the Mr. MALONEY. That is true. would accept this amendment, because it Senator from Alabama would not be Mr. PEPPER. Either the coopera­ seems to me to go somewhat in the direc­ brought about. The Senator fears that tives or public bodies must get together tion toward which they point. there would be a lack of power, and that and form an organization to build a Mr. MURRAY rose. public agencies would have to buy their transmission line or they must rely on Mr. MALONEY. I yield. power from private power companies. If the power companies. Mr. MURRAY. I should like to in..: private industries, including power in­ Mr. MALONEY. What does the Sen­ quire of the Senator if be does not appre­ dustries, are in a position to supply pow­ ator mean by relying on the power com- 1 ciate the fact that a great many of the er, they should be given an opportunity panies? . corporations which have a monopoly on to do so, particularly if they are already Mr. PEPPER. To build the extension. power .in various ·sections of the country in that line of business. Mr. MALONEY. Is it a sin to buy are not going to be deprived of their Mr. MALONEY. Mr. President, I or to refuse to bU¥ powe~ from private control as a result of the public-utility should like to discuss the amendment eompani~d . holding-company law. For instance, i.!i, •

8366 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN-ATE NOVEMBER 24 the State of Montana we have the Mon .. . Copper Co., and in that way they are able do not believe such corporations have a tana Power Co., which was estab .. to deceive the public. We have very few right to water their stock, as in the case Iished there some years ago, and which independent papers to make the fight in of the Montana power interests, which as a result of the heavy watering of its the public interest. are the-subject of an article which ap­ stock is compelled to maintain high Mr. MALONEY. Mr. President, I peared in Harper's Magazine a short rates to earn and pay dividends on its would not trade the two liberal Senators time ago. The article was written by capital structure. The holding company from Montana for -all the reactionary Joseph Kinsey Howard. In the article law does not affect that situation at alL press men that may operate in his State. he discusses the whole problem. That corporation can only be compelled The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Mr. MALONEY. Mr. President, I con­ to lower its rates by having the water Senator from Connecticut has the floor. demn the abuse of watering stock by drained out of its capital stock. An ef .. Does he desire to co~tinue to yield? private companies. I think the means fort along that line is now being made, Mr. MALONEY. Yes, Mr. President; of correction in the situation which he but it is a most difficult thing to accom .. I yield. describes are reposed in the Senator's plish. ~r. MURRAY. Mr. President, the State. But it seems to me that he is So it seems to me that the only way point I was endeavoring to make was willing to ha e the Federal Government to handle this situation is by the power that the corporations have their stock operate under a watered stock plan in developments, under the legislation we watered. In the State of Montana the competition with the private companies. are proposing to enact, to set up yard- · corporations I was describing are com­ Mr. MURRAY. Mr. President, in sticks throughout the country, and in pelled, because of their capital structure, order to remedy the situation in the that way such companies will be com­ to maintain high rates. In that way State of Montana we would have, first, to _pelled to have the water removed from they prevent industrial development in remedy the situation now existing among their stocks. the section of the country in which they the newspapers in the State. We would . Mr. BAILEY. Certainly the Senator operate. For instance, in the State of have to get rid of 90 percent of the will not say that what we have or what Montana the population has for a long n ... wspapers, which are owned, operated, we propose is a yardstick, when the Fed­ period been declining. The censuses and conducted entirely for the purpose of eral power set-ups get their money free taken every 10 years for the past· 40 maintaining the situation about which and pay no taxes. Of course they have years show a decline in population. The I have spoken. Of .course, frequently lower rates. reason for the decline is that we have persons are elected as members of the Mr. MURRAY. Oh, no, Mr. President. no ·opportunity to develop natural re­ State power commission who are·backed The Tennessee Valley Authority is going sour-ces and to bring industry into the up and supported by those newspapers, to pay pretty well. State. The State is conducted solely and we find that very little is done to Mr. BAILEY. The Senator says it is on the basis of a raw-material economy, remedy the situation. In order to - going to. _ But is it doing it? I~ gets and we find · the population constantly remedy the situation it is necessary to its money from the Government. It pays dwindling, as shown by the census taken go away back. the Government back. · That is called a every 10 years. Unless there can be - Mr. MALONEY. I should like to say yardstick. some development of cheap power, there that the Senator from Montana· seems I was merely pointing out what I think wilrbe no improvement in the situation. to have quite a problem on his hands. everyone knvws with reference to whether That fact is generally recognized, and it Mr. MURRAY. Yes; it is a big prob­ such operations can be regarded as a is well known tha:t the idea of iinprpv­ lem. , yardstick. ·That operation may have fng the sftuation is not a socialistic one. Mr. MALONEY. It may be necessary been well meant at the time, but now it is Some of the businessmen of the State for him to get at it in this roundabout - a matter of laughter. are recognizing it. · The president of the way, but I must part company with him Mr. MALONEY. Mr. President, I Great Northern Railroad, in discussing on this amendment.· should like to ask the Senator from Mon­ it. in_a . public inte:·view iri the State of · The PRESIDJNG OFFICER. The tana-whether there is a regulatory bc)dy Montana, pointed out that ·· we need question is .on agreeing to the amend­ in his State. cheaJ:>'po\\fer in out State in order to de­ ment offered by the Senator from Con­ Mr.-MURRAY. Yes~ there is. · But it velop industry there, and that that was necticut to the committee amendment ' seems powerless to control the power in­ the way to·do it. as amendeq, the so-called Bailey· amend­ terests. Mr. MALONEY. Mr. President, I am ment. Mr. MALONEY. Does the Senator say an advocate of cheap power. I want Mr. BAILEY. · I suggest· the absence it is under the control of the power in­ cheap power; but I do n_ot want to rob of a quorum. terests in his State? and destroy private companies in order The PRESIDING OFFICER. · The to get it. . . clerk will call the roll. · Mr. MURRAY. · Well, the power in­ · If the Congress is wUling to arrange terests dominate the· situation -and seem The Chief Clerk called the roll, and to prevent any relief. to the public. · for proper, fair, and reasonable prices to the following Senators answered to their the private compantes for their propi names: Mr: MALONEY. · 'I find that very di:ffi~ ·erties, I should be willing·to join in such cult to believe .. · Aiken Gillette O'Mahoney · a proposal. But if the · Senator from Austin , Green- .. Overton Mr. ·MURRAY. The situation is a very · · Montana means _that he would-have so.: J;3ailey · Guffey · Pepper peculiar one, but I will explain it. ·. . · · ·called. cheap power at the expense of Ball Gurney Radcliffe . Mr. BAILEY. Let-me·ask the Senator Bankhead Hatch . Revercomb .. - tliose who are carrying the watered -Barkley Hayden . . Rey.nolds - whether the members-Of the power com.:. stock _in his State, _I 'cannot go along Bilbo Hill ~opertson ' mission in his State are- elected by the witl:i him:- ··· . Brooks . Jenner Russell people? Button· · · Johnson, Call!: Shipst-ead Unle·ss the Senator has a further ques~ Bushfield~ - Johnson, Celo . .. Taft - . Mr. MURRAY. Yes; they are . . tiorr, I yield the flo·or. · . Butl~J: . Kilgore _ Thpinas. Idaho -· Mr. BAILEY. -Did not-the -people -of · ~ ·I\n·: MURRAY. r: ·Mr: Pre-sident, I ani Byrd . · La Follette Thomas, Okla. Montana ·elect the Sef.1_ator? · - Capper Langer ·Tunnell. · sure the Senator· from Connecticut does Caraway ·· : Lucas. - Tydings '. Mr. MURRAY; Yes: not approve of the policy of watering · Chandl.er :.. " ... _. M:c0lellan. . . V.andenberg Mr. B~ILEY. - By the same pnwer·they _ -Clark,·Mo. McFarland ·· . Walsh,·Mass. . stock· up t0 double .the amount. ·. of~ the · Conna11y; · · · Mc;Kellar. · · · Wee"ks · might elect a good power commission. ­ -capital invested, and then claiming. the -Cordon · · ·· · Maloney - · ·Wheeler Mr. MURR.A~- It sometimes.happens_ right ·to earn returns on that basis .. : 1 Davis. __ __ . May.bank. Wherry that persons they; do not.want are .elected\ Downey. · · Mead·. · White · . Mr~ MALONE-Y. -.Of collrse;-I -do not. · Ellender ' Millikin · ·· Wiley . Mr. BAILEY.· I am sure that" was not -The -Senator. understands , that, I am Ferguson - ' ~ · Mtll'ray ·J • • • • - Willis ' so m the-case of the Senator. . sure. I helped -to· write the Truth .in .George Nye • · Mr. MURRAY. · Of course, I was Securiti-es Act, back· in 1933, and sup- _ qe~t:Y . O'Da~ie)· . _ elected in spite of: th~ opposition of .the ··PCH'ted-it. vig{>rously: . - .. - . The, PRESIDING-OFFICER.' -Seventy power interests; . - . _ -Mr. . MU:Rij,l\Y._ Mr. President-;-that-is Senators·.) hav-ing- answered · to -, their But let me say ."that virtually every all I wish to see done. · I do not wish to - names-, -a-quor-um ·is pr-esent. · · - newspaper in the State is owned by the . prevent. any ·corporation from receiving The question is-on the-so-c-aUed Ma-­ Montana. Power Co. and the Anaconda proper returns on its investment; but I loney amendment, to the committee 1944 ·CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD-SENATE 8361 amendment as amended. The clerk will question the yeas and nays have been The PRESIDING OFFICER. The. call the roll. ordered. Senator is correct. It was amended by Mr. OVERTON. Mr. President, a par­ Mr. LA FOLLE'ITE. Mr. President, I the adoption of the so-called Maloney liamentary inquiry. Have the.yeas and should like to state briefly the reasons amendment and the Bankhead amend~ nays been ordered? which compel me to vote against the ment. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Appar­ so-called Bailey amendment as modi­ Mr. THOMAS of Oklahoma. Mr. ently the Chair is in error. The yeas fied. It seems to me that the inevitable President, before the vote is had I d.;­ and nays have not been ordered. The effect of the amendment would be to sire to submit the reasons why I am sup­ question is on the so-called Maloney give tremendous advantage to the pri­ porting the amendment. amendment to the committee amend­ vate power companies in bidding for the The amendment attempts to set forth, ment as amended. power to be generated as a result of the in outline at :east, a broad policy for the Mr. LANGER. I ask for the yeas and expenditure of public money for flood­ disposition of electrical energy de­ nays. control dams. Tbose who were in the veloped by Government-constructed and The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is the Senate during the time the Muscle Government-managed and operated hy­ demand for the yeas and nays seconded? Shoals project was in operation, before droelectric plants. The bill itself pro­ Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, is the the establishment of the T. V. A., will poses to approve and extend the heretQ­ vote about to be taken on the Maloney remember the exceedingly great advan­ fore adopted policy and program for the amendment to the committee amend­ tage which the private power companies construction of multiple purpose dams ment? enjoyed. Because they had their and reservoirs. As I understand them, The PRESIDING OFFICER. On the transmission lines at the dam site. they the purposes of such dams and reservoirs Maloney amendment to the committee were enabled to purchase great quan­ are as follows: amendment as amended. On that ques­ tities of' power at ridiculously low rates First, for fiood control; second, for tion the Senator from North Dakota has because they were the sole bidders for power development; third, for irrigation; demanded the yeas and nays. Is the de­ the power. fourth, for navigation; and, fifth, for mand ~conded? · It seems to me fallacious to contend recreation. The yeas and nays were not ordered. that the effect of this amendment would Under the presen:t organization of the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The be to enhance the economic feasibility and soundness of these :flood-control Senate I am a member of the Commit­ question is on agreeing to the so-called tee on Appropriations and as a member Maloney amendment to the committee dams, because, if the Decretary of the Interior is denied the power. which he of such committee I have been assigned amendment as amended. as chairman of the Subcommittee on now has the ri~ht to exercise, to build Mr. SHIPSTEAD. Mr. President, a War Department Appropriations. This · parliamentary inquiry, It still is not transmission lines, in' many instances, if not in nearly all instances, the private subcommittee handles two biJis annu­ clear whether we are voting on the Ma­ ally, one the bin making appropriations loney amendment or the · Maloney power company will either have built transmission lines to the site of the dams for the Regular Military Establishment amendment and the Bailey amendment. and the other the bill providing for funds The PRESIDING OFFICER. The during the course of construction or they will have built them when construction for the nonmilitary activities of the War question is on the so-called Maloney Department, which bill is known as the amendment to the committee amend­ has been completed and they' will thus be in a position to bargain for the power civil-functions bill. ment as amended. The civil-functions bill carries money Mr. SHIPSTEAD. The vote is on that generated at the dams at a tremendous advantage to themselves. for the nonmilitary activitie'i' of the War question only? Department, such as the :onstruction The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The provision in the amendment to the efiect that the sales shall provide of flood-control dams, ilood-control Senator is correct. levees, ditches, the Panama Canal, and Mr. SIDPSTEAD. That is to add the that all savings realized by the pur­ chaser shall be J)assed on under Federal things of that character. It is this bill Maloney amendment to the Bailey which provides funds for . the construc­ amendment? regulation applies only in States where there is no State regulation, and, there­ tion of many if not most of our hydro­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The fore, in nearly every State with which I electric developments. It i ~ my posi­ Senator is correct. am at all familiar the stipulation that tion on this committee that causes me Mr. AIKEN. · Will the Chair have the savings in power costs shall be to have an unusual interest in the pend­ stated the Maloney amendment so that passed on to the ultimate consumer will ing amendment. the question may be clearly understood? be ineffective. Mr. President, l favor tht< construc­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Therefore it comes down to a naked tion of :flood-control dams, .t\nd where cierk will state the amendment offered proposition as to whether we want to power may be devel9ped as ~ n incident by the Senator from Connecticut to the repeat the mistakes which we have made to :flood control, then I favt t· the de­ amendment of the committee as in the past and to permit private power velpment of such power. Tt e pending amended. companies in most instances to buy the amendment brings out into t e open a The CmE'F CLERK. On page 3, line 8, of power at their own price. I do not be­ fight which bas been going on tor years, the printed committee amendment as lieve, Mr. President, that it is sound a :fight for the development of public modified inserting.section 5, it is proposed public policy, when we are spending power as against the devel<.&meut of to strike out the words "demanded or public money for the purpose of :flood power by private companies ~t has purchased within 3 years after~• and in­ control and incidentally for the develop­ been my experience that man t ;rojects sert "purchased upon", so that as ment of power, to permit private inter­ for the development of put

This is on~ of the problems that must be struc't transmission lines for the purpose of his family, has a general pair with the ·solved, and when it is solved it must take selling such power at wholesale: Provided Senator from Tennessee [Mr. STEWART]. into consideration the injury done by re­ further, That nothing herein shall prohibit movlng property from taxation, and then it the building of such transmission lines by The Senator from Oklahoma [Mr. must give credit to the values which may be the Federal Government or the Secretary of MooRE]; who is necessarily absent, has created as the direct result of the making the Interior with Federal funds to supply a pair on this question with the Senator available of· an abundance of cheap power. rural electric associations organized for the from Mississippi [Mr. EASTLAND]. If the In conclusion, we now see this great dam purpose of supplying electric energy to rural Senator from Oklahoma were present, he and reservo'.r in the rough. Very soon we districts. would vote "yea." I am advised that if shall see it in action. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The present and voting, the Senator from Later we shall see the results of this de­ Mississippi would vote "nay." velopment. yeas and nays having been ordered, the This great reservoir will be landscaped and clerk will call the roll. The Senator from Kansas [Mr. REED] parked for the benefit of the public. Recrea­ The Chief Clerk proceeded to call the has a general pair with the Senator from tional areas will dot the lakesides. roll. New York [Mr. WAGNER]. Industries will locate in the adjacent towns Mr. WHITE (when Mr. HAWKES' name The Senator from New Hampshire [Mr. and cities. was called). I announce the unavoid­ ToBEY], the Senator from Delaware [Mr. This section will be a mecca for the mil­ BucK], the Senator. from Maine [Mr. lions of vacationists residing within easy able absence of the Senator from New driving distance. Jersey [Mr. HAWKES]. I may add that Brewster J and the Senator from Iowa The Government should locate and main­ if he were present he would vote "yea." [Mr. WILSON] are necessarily absent. tain here a major naval training station. Mr. WffiTE (when Mr. MooRE's name The result was announced-yeas 27, Should the people want and demand it, was called). I announce the unavoid­ nays 42, as follows: the Red River may be made navigaWe from YEAS-27 this dam to the Mississippi, thence on to the able absence of the Senator from Okla­ homa [Mr. MooRE], and will state that Austin Gerry Taft Gulf and to the sea. Ba:!ey Gurney Thomas, Ideho This would give us cheaper fr~ight rates if he were present he would vote "yea." Bankhead Jenner Thomas,.Okla. and would insure industries to the limit of The roll call was concluded. Brooks Maloney Tydings available power. Mr. HILL. I announce that the Sen­ Burton Millikin Vandenberg If the public and private power could be . ator from Virginia [Mr. GLASS] is ab­ Bush field O'Daniel Weeks fu' ly integrated, then there need be no limit Byrd Ra:icliffe White sent from the Senate because of illness. Clark, Mo. Revercomb Wiley to the power available. George Reynolds With navigation provided to the dam, it ·The Senator· from New Mexico [Mr. Willis would be comparatively inexpensive to create CHAVEZ] and the Senator from Tennessee NAY&-42 a system of locks whereby ships and barges [Mr. ST.EWART] are absent because of ill­ Aiken Gillette McKellar might sail from cities and towns adjacent to ness in their families. Ball Green Maybank the lct.ke carrying out in commerce the raw Earkley Guffey Mead The Senators from Nevada [Mr. Mc­ Bilbo Hatch Murray products of Oklahoma and Texas and bring­ CARRAN and Mr. ScRUGHAM l and the Sen­ Butler Hayden Nye ing back the finished products which Okla­ ator from Utah [Mr. MURDOCK] are de­ Capper HJl O'Mahoney homa and T·exas need. tained on official business for the Senate. Caraway Johnson, CaJif. Pepper My friends, this vision is not as wild today Chand.' er Johnson, Colo. Robertson as was the proposal years ago to build this The Senator from Florida [Mr. AN­ Connally Kilgore Russell work at a cost of over $50,000,000. DREWS], the Senator from Idaho [Mr. cordon La Follette Shipstead Davis Lang-er Tunnell Oklahoma and Texas form an economic CLARK], the Senator from Missi~sippi Downey Lucas Walsh , Mass. empire. [Mr. EASTLAND], the Si:!nator from Loui­ Ellender McClellan Wheeler Our Governors and our representatives in siana [Mr. OvERTON], the Senator from Ferguson McFarland Wherry Congress are working together. Utah [Mr. THOMAS], the Senator from NOT VOTING-25 Through this cooperation, there is no limit Missouri [Mr. TRUMAN], the Senator Andrews Hawl{es Thomas, Utah to the development of our great States of from New York [Mr. WAGNER], the Sen­ Brewster Holman Tobey Oklahoma and Texas. Bridges McCarran Truman ator from Washington [Mr. WALLGREN] Buck Moore Wagner The PRESIDI~"G OFFICER. The and the Senator from New Jersey [Mr. Chavez Murdock Wallgren vVALsHl are necessarily absent. · Clark, Idaho Overton Walsh, N.J. question is on agreeing to the committee Danaher Reed Wilson amendment as amended, which will be The Senator from Ulth (Mr. THOMAS] Eastland Scrugham stated. has a general pair with the Senator from Glass Stewart The CHIEF CLERK. On page 4, after New Hampshire [Mr. BRIDGEs]. I am So the committee amendment, as line 13, it is proposed to insert the fol- advised that if present and voting, the amended, was rejected. lowing: • s ~mator from Utah would vote "nay," Mr. OVERTON. Mr. President, I de­ SEc. 5. Electric power and energy generated and the Senator from New Hampshire sire now to offer the amendment as it at reservoir projects under the control of the would vote "yea." was originally proposed by the Commit­ War Department and in the opinion of the The Senator from Tennessee [Mr. tee on Commerce. This amendment, I Secretary of War not required in the opera­ STEWART] is paired with the Senator understand, Meets with the approval of tion of such projects shall be delivered to the from Oregon [Mr. HoLMAN]; the Sena­ Secretary of the Int~rior, who shall transmit the Secretary of the Interior. I send and dispose of such power and energy in such tor from New York [Mr. WAGNER] is the amendment to the desk and ask that manner as to encourage the most widespread paired with the Senator from Kansas it be read. I do not think it needs anY use thereof at the lowest possible rates to [Mr. REED]; and the Senator from Mis­ discussion so far as I am concerned. It consumers consistent with sound business sissippi [Mr. EASTLAND] is paired with has been thoroughly explained over and principles, the rate schedules to become effec­ the Senator from Oklahoma [Mr. over again. tive upon confirmation and approval by the MooRE]. I am advised· that if present Federal Power Commission. Preference in The VICE PRESIDENT. The amend­ the sale of such power and energy shall be and voting, the Senator from Mississippi ment. will be read .. given to public bodies and cooperatives. The [Mr. EASTLAND] would vote "nay," and The CHIEF CLERK. On page 4, begin­ sale of such electric power as may be gen­ the Senator from · Oklahoma [Mr. ning with line 14, it is proposed to insert erated at reservoir projects shall be made at MooRE] would vote "yea." the following: the point of production, without special Mr. WHERRY. I announce that the privilege or discrimination, so as to provide SEC. 5. Electric power and energy gener­ Senator from New Hampshire (Mr. ated at reservoir projects under the control for the complete coordination of such power BRIDGES] has a general pair with the Sen­ and energy with other power developments, of the War Department and, in the opinion both private and public, in the area con­ ator from Utah [Mr. THOMAs]. I am ad­ of the Secretary of War, not required in the tiguous with such projects. It ·shall b3 st:p­ vised that if present and voting, the Sen­ operation of suc:h projects shall be ·delivered ulated in connection with any sale that any ator from New Hampshire would vote to the Secretary of the Interior, who shall and all savings realized by the purchasers "yea." transmit and dispose of such power and shall be passed on under Federal regulation The Senator from Connecticut [Mr. energy in such manner as to encourage the where no State regulation exists, to the con­ DANAHER] is absent because of important most widespread use thereof .at the lowest suming public: Provided, That unless 90 per­ possible rates to consumer consistent with cent of the firm .power produced at such public business. I am advised that if sound business principles, the ratJ schedules projects shall be purchased upon comple­ present, he would vote "yea." to becom·e effective upon .confirmation and tion of construction of st·ch ·projects, the The Senator f1:om Oregon [Mr. HoL­ approval by the Federal Power Commission. Secretary .OL the Interior is authorized to con- MAN], who is absent because of illness in Preference in the sale of such power and 8370 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE NOVEMBER 24 energy shall be given to public bodies and tiona! profit or an increased profit to the from the Government. Otherwise, in cooperatives. The Secretary of the Interior private utility. That is what I think the connection with some of the projects, the is authorized to construct and acquire only provision would accomplish. If the law power companies or municipalities may such transmission lines and related facilities buy their power from the Federal Gov­ as may be necessary in order to make the were strictly followed, that is if the pur­ power and energy generated at said projects pose and.intent of the amendment were ernment at a very low rate, but when available in wholesale quantities for sale on followed,· in the administration of the they come to sell it to the consuming fair and reasonable terms and conditions to law, I think it would inure ultimately to public, they may charge a much higher facilities owned by the Federal Government, the benefit of the actual consumer. price, and make a great deal of profit public bodies, cooperatives, and privately Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, will the by reason of the low price of the power owned companies. Senator yield? obtained from the Government. I be­ The PRESIDING OFFICER

Primary Secondary Surplus T otal

Consumer Over-all Kilowatt- Average Kilowatt· Average Kilowatt- Average Kilowatt- average hours Amount rate hours Amount rate hours Amount rate hours Amount rate (mills) (mills) (mills) (mills) ------South Carolina Electric & Gas Co ______------48,000,000 $264, 000. 00 5. 500 ------19, 918, 502 . $24, 123. 05 1. 211 67, 918, 502 $288, 123. 05 4. 242 South Carolina Power Co ______48,274,304 265, 514. 18 5. 500 28,000,000 $70, 000 2. 500 20,531, 11 2 4.5, 555. 41 2. 218 96,805,416 381,069.59 3. 936 Carolina Power & Light Co ___ _ 48,000,000 264,000. 00 5. 500 ...· ...... ---- -·-·-- ...... 60, 343,000 153, 064. 50 2. 536 108, 343, 000 41 7, G64. 50 3. 849 .. ' Mr; LANGER. Mr. President, will the the law, I do not believe that the Sec­ The Secretary of the Interior would Senator yield? retary of the Interior would be required· have ._ authority under .this amendment Mr. McCLELLAN. I shall be glad to to make a contract with a private utility to enter into a contract with a power -yield in a moment. I should like to make/ until it met the provisions of the law. company so circumstanced, and to say a parliamentary inquiry, Mr. President. Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ to it, "Well, your case is an unusual one, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen­ sent. to modify the amendment which I and we are not going to exact that all ator will state it. have offered, by striking out the words the savings you make shall be passed Mr. McCLELLAN. Is there a limita-· "where no State regulation exists." on to the consumer, but we shall require t ion of time in the discussion of this The PRESIDING OFFICER. The in the contract that you pass on to the amendment? Senator does not require ·unanimous consumer 75 percent of the savings" or The PRESIDING OFFICER. There is consent. The amendment is modified "80 percent of the savings~ · or "90 per­ no limitation of time in the discussion of accordingly. cent of the savings." this amendment. Mr . . MURRAY. Mr. President, will To another power company- he would Mr. McCLELLAN. I thank the Chair. the Senator yield? / say, "Your.situation is entirely different. I now yield to the Senator from North' Mr. McCLELLAN. · ·I yield: This additional-operation would not re­ Dakota. Mr. MURRAY. I merely wish to call quire very much trouble insofar as your Mr. LANGER. · How are the savin.gs attention· to the fact that the ,amend- . company is concerned.. The transmis­ mentioned by the Senator to be· deter­ -ment as it now .stands provides that the sion line would be a very short one. Jt mined, and who -is to determine them? Secretary of the Interior, in disposing would not require·much additional over­ Mr. McCLELLAN. I ·assume that the of the power which will be generated at head expense or many additional. em­ contracting agent for the Government, these dams, "shall transmit and dispose ployees, and so forth. Therefore, we the Secretary of the Interior, would write of such power and energy in such ·man-' shall require that all the savings' be into the contract a provision which would ner as to enc-urage the most widespread passed on· to the consumer before we protect the consuming public. This use thereof at the lowest possible rates dispose of the power to you." amendment is designed to give him that to consumers consistent with sound I' give those illustrations merely off­ power. · business principles, the rate schedules to hand. As pointed out by the Senafor Mr. LANGER. Suppose a transmis­ .become effective upon confirmation and from Montana, the amendment as it sion line were built; how would the sav­ . approval by the Federal Power Com­ now reads expresses, I think, the correct ings be determined? mission." thought, namely, that it gives to the Sec­ Mr. McCLELLAN. I believe that this That is a mandate to the Secretary retary of the Interior the power. to provision would apply primarily to the of the Intefior to supply power at the "transmit and dispose of such power and private utilities and possibly public bodies cheapest possible rate consistent with energy in such manner as to encourage which purchase power. Certainly th~y sound business principles. the most widespread use thereof at the are now free to negotiate with the co­ Mr. OVERTON. Mr. President, will lowest possible rates to consumers con­ operatives and others, to give them the the Senator yield? sistent with sound business principle~." benefit of cheap power. But when power Mr.· McCLELLAN. I have finished. Therefore, the Secretary of the In­ is sold .to a private utility wliich already I am glad to yield the floor. terior and the experts who represent him has established rates, if its cost of pr_o­ Mr. OVERTON. - Then I shall speak would negotiate with the private power duction is 4 cents a kilowatt, and it is in· my own time. company and would make an equitable able to buy power at the Government The PRESIDING OFFICER. The adjustment of the amount of the savings power dam for 2 cents a kilowatt, that Senator from Louisiana is recognized. which should be passed on to the con­ represents a profit which should be Mr. OVERTON. Mr. President, the suming public. I do not think it should passed on to the consumer and should amendment offered by the distinguished be lQO percent in all c_ases. I can con­ not be permitted to be retained by the Senator from Arkansas has quite an 'ap­ ceive of many cases in which it should power company. peal. I am in sympathy with the prin­ be less than that. Otherwise, a power Mr. LANGER. I understand that; ciple · and theory advanced by the company would say, "Well, we will let it but .when a dam is built,· how are the amendment. However, it has been hast­ alone; we will not take this cheaper savings to be determined, and who is to ily· prepared. n · was offered on the power." determine them? floor of the Senate, without any commit­ Furthermore, the amendment as of­ Mr. McCLELLAN. I think the Fed­ tee study or investigation. ' No hearings fered provides that- · eral Power Commission would have jur­ have been held in reference to it. I can The Secretary of the Interior • • • isdiction in determining what a fair rate now conceive of reasons why perhaps it shall * * * dispose of such power would be. It would be consulted. Under would not operate properly, as it is now * * • at the lowest possible· rates to , the provisions of this amendment any drafted. consumers consistent with sound business principles~ rates established must be approved by Let us take, for example, a private the Federal Power Commission. power company, which desires to con­ I think that thought is the one which Mr. LANGER. As I understand, the nect with a Federal dam and obtain should predominate. But when ·it is rate to be fixed would take cognizance of power at cheap rates. Assume that it said, as does the amendment proposed any so-called savings . . is so ' circumstanced that in order to do by the Senator from Arkansas- Mr. McCLELLAN. We could refuse to so it must undergo certain ·expenses. If It shall be stipulated in connection with contract with, the private .utility until every dollar of the· savings realized must any sale that any and all savings realized such time as it satisfies us that it is be passed on .to the consumers, the power by the purchasers- shall be passed on under . passing on the benefits to the consumers. company may say, "What is the use? Federal regulation, where no State regulation . Mr. LANGER. In other words, that -we· would rather not go through -all the exists, t~ the· consuming .public. _ the rates would be lowered. struggle, and iricur all the expense inci­ · Tben I a_~k: What Federal regulation?· Mr. McCLELLAN . . Yes. I . think ·we dent to the additional operat'ion· if we What Federal authority is , going to could do that. With this provision in are to get no profit out of it." · make that regulation? That_· is riot 1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-:-SENATE 8373 stipulated in the amendment proposed 1 have been joining ·with . the Senator Mr. CLARK of Missouri. In other by the Senator from Arkansas. Before from Louisiana in hoping-that we could words, I am reserving every right I pos­ the Senate acts on an amendment of this finish its consideration on that particular sibly have on the St. Lawrence waterway. character, I think it should be subjeCted day. But here we are. .Mr. OVERTON. Mr. President, I sug­ to the scrutiny of the Department of What is the Senator's idea about at­ gest that we beat the devil tomorrow, the Interior and hearings should be tempting to hold a session tomorrow? when we meet him. But I hope we do not held on it, so that we · could have pre­ Mr. OVERTON. Frankly, Mr. Presi­ meet the devil. pared a suitable and appropriate amend­ dent, I do not think there is any possi­ Mr. BARKLEY. We would not have ment which would meet an objective bility of completing consideration of the to travel very far to get on his tracks. which I am sure practically every Sena­ bill today. I think there might be an · Mr. WHITE. Mr. President; will the tor would like to have achieved. opportunity to complete its consideration Senator from Louisiana yield to me? · Mr. McCLELLAN. Mr. Pre'sident, wili on Saturday if we could get proper at­ Mr. OVERTON. I yield. the Sen a tor yield to me? · tendance here. Mr. WHITE. I understood the Sen­ Mr. OVERTON. I yield .. Mr. :SARKLEY. That is always the ator from Louisiana to say that in his Mr. McCLELLAN. I shouldJiketo ask problem. opinion there was no prospect of passing the Senator whether the . amendment . Mr. OVERTON. But I know the diffi­ the pending bill this afternoon. · ' which I have offered in connection. with culty which lies in. the way of securing Mr. OVERTON. The Senator is cor­ the Bailey amendment was not con­ the attendance of a quorum on a Satur­ rec.t in his l,Jnderstanding. day. sidered by the committee and recom­ Mr. WHITE. I completely concur in mended for adoption. I am perfectly willing to yield to the better and more trained and experienced the view expressed by the Senator from Mr. OVERTON. There was ·no evi­ Louisiana. I hope that no effort will be dence at all; no hearings were held on it. judgment of the majority leader. Mr. BARKLEY. . I was not inquiring made to hold a session tomorrow, which Mr. McCLELLAN. No; but the com­ will be Saturday. Senators do not ·waste mittee considered the Bailey · amend­ for the ·purpose of bringing to day's ses­ sion to a close now, but in order that their time on Saturdays, even though the ment and recommended its adoption, Senate be not in session. Saturday and this provision was contained in the I might advise. Senators as to the prob­ abilities of a session tomorrow. ~ffords ap opportunity, which all Sen":' Bailey amendment. · ators need, I believe, of clearing up cor~ ' Mr: OVERTON. That is perfectly In that connection, I .wonder. whether it would be possible. to secure a limita­ .respon.dence and other matters which trti~. 1 · · reach their _desks dur~ng the week. · If Mr-. McCLELLAN. So the committee tion on debate on the bill-and the amend­ ments which. will .be offered, beginning we hold a session of the Senate on Satur~ bas considered it. aay we will find it increasingly difficult - Mr. OVERTON. I did not say the with the next session. Mr. OVERTON. I doubt whether it in the days of the coming 'week to ·keep committee had· not considered it. I said would be exactly the .proper thing to 1>4embers' on the :fioor of the Senate at.: there were no' he·a.rings and it ·w.as not secure a limitation on debate on the tending to legislative tasks. While I submitted- to the Department of the conc.ur in the statement ·~f the Sen'ato~ Interior. · · · · · O'Mahoney amendment, because it is rather involved and- intricate, . and I that the pending bill cannot be passed I think an amendzmint of this sort think we will find some difficulty with it. this afternoon, I dare express the hope should be formulated after consultation · Mr. BARKLEY. I am not pressing the to him, and to the distinguished majority with experts and those familiar with the. matter. I am simply attempting to feel leader, that no effort will be made to hold disposition of power through· a public out the situation. a session tomorrow: . . agency before· the Seriate underta~es to Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Presi­ . Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, will adopt it. dent, will the Senator yield?· the Senator from Louisiana yield? The amendment proposed by me, if Mr. BARKLEY. I yield. Mr. OVERTON. I yield.' adopted, will go to conf~rence; and if in Mr. CLARK of Missouri. If the Sen­ Mr. BARKLEY. I thank the Senator conference, after consult~tion with the ator-from Vermont [Mr. AIKEN] is going from Maine, and all other Senators, for Department of the Interior, something to offer the amendment which it has their suggestions, which clear the atmos~ can be worked out which would carry out been indicated he will offer, namely the phere suffiCiently for me to announce this very laudable purpose, so far as I St. Lawrence waterway amendment, I that we will not be in position to finish am con<;:erned, speaking_ for myself, I can say to the Senator from Kentucky consideration of the pending bill today; should be very happy, indeed, to vote for that I intend to speak indefinitely on and that we will not hold a session of its inclusion. that subject. the- Senate . tomorrow. Having mad~ But I think this pastily drafted amend­ Mr. BARKLEY. I 'was afraid of that. that statement, Senators may govern ment should not be adopted by the Sen­ [Laughter.] themselves accordingly. ate. · Mr. CLARK of Missouri. In other I wish to say further, Mr. President, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The· words, 'I would not be ·willing to agree that certain legislation must be acted question is on agreeing to . the amend­ to any arrangement about amendments upon before this Congress expires. I ment, as modified, . offered by the Sena­ which would put a limitation on debate have reference to legislation providing tor from Arkansas [Mr. McCLELLAN]. on the St. Lawrence waterway amend-· for .the extension of certain war powers. The amendment as modified was re­ ment. It may be necessary to ask that the pend-. jected. . Mr. BARKLEY. · I have beeh confer­ ing bill be laid. aside -in order that we Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, many ring with the Senator from Vermont may consider legislatlon for the exten­ Senators have asked me about the pro­ about his intention of offering that sion of certain war powers which would gram relative to the holding of a session amendment to the pending bill. He has otherwise expire on the 31st of December. tomorrow. I am anxious to get along previously indicated his intention to· I hope that we may dispose of the pend­ with legislation as rapidly as possible. offer it to the river and harbor bill, not ing bill :Promptly enough to make it un­ We have been in session nearly 2 weeks, to the pending bill. The result of my necessary to lay it aside. in order to take but we have not yet done anything. If conference with him is that he himself up the other matters to wlllch I have we are to wind up the last ends of busi­ has not yet decided which he will do .. referred. ness which remains to be disposed of at Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Yesterday' Mr. OVERTON. I think that question this session, or which should be disposed the Senator from Vermont told me that can be taken up when there is necessity of, we must make some speed. · he did not know to which bill he would for it being considered. Nevertheless, I realize how difficult it offer his amendment. I can say to the 1s to make any headway on Saturday. Senator from Kentucky that I not only Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, a par­ If the amendments ·which are contem­ know several different ways of speaking liamentary inquiry. plated are offered-one by the ·Senator on ·a · bill, but I know several different The PRESIDING OFFICER. The from Wyoming, and , possibly others, ways of offering amendments to a bill. Senator will state it. which will be controversial-! doubt Mr. BARKLEY. The Senator does not Mr. WHERRY. .Will the Chair state whether we can finish consideration of have to remirid me of his skill in that what is the business now pending before the bill today, altpough from day t

Commission which is to be st ~ up in an extremely problematical question, the ·of Reclamation, shows that they have connection with the legislation. The Missouri River Commission, armed with not been engineered: But the effort is purpose of. that is to get away from the proper authority, similar to that of the to enact legislation, and go into the engi­ possibility of a Missouri River Authority. Mississippi River Commission, would be neering problems afterward. Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Presi­ able to solve. the :flood control situation Mr. OVERTON. Mr. President, will the dent, of course, the Senator may not be in the lower reaches of the Missouri River, Senator yield? familiar with the vast amount of work which I think is very vitally necessary to Mr. MURRAY. I yield. which has been done by the Mississippi the lives of our people. Mr. OVERTON. Does not the Sena.. River Commission, which I think every­ The Senator from Montana, who lives tor understand that after any project iu one who lives in the lower part of the on the upper reaches of the Missouri authorized, whether it be under the War Mississippi Valley will agree was . di­ River, is in a position to regard the whole Department, or should, perchance, be one rectly responsible, under the ~reat over­ problem from an extremely theoretical connected with the Bureau of Reclama­ ton Act, introduced by the Senator from view. I never in my life lived more than tion work, detailed plans and specifica­ Louisiana ·[Mr. OVERTON] for preventing 15 miles from the Mississippi River and tions are prepared? in the lower part of the Mississippi Val­ 20 miles from the Missouri River. I hap­ Mr. MURRAY. Yes. ley :floods which used to be so disastr.ous. pen to live where the flood problems ac­ Mr. OVERTON. In the further study This bill is supposed to be a :flood­ tually exist, and I therefore regard the it frequently becomes necessary, as an control bill. · The creation of a Missouri subject from an extremely practical engineering proposition, to make modi­ River Commission, patterned along the standpoint, not from a theoretical stand­ fications so as to come nearer perfectiob lines of the Mississippi River Commis­ point, not from reading newspaper edi­ and improve the project. sion, certainly would not interfere with torials, not from reading Dave Lilien­ That is especially true with reference any future legislation which Congress thal's book, not from reading anything to basins. I do not think we have ever might see fit to enact setting up a Mis­ of that sort. I regard it from the stand­ authorized the development of any basin souri Valley Authority.· This is a :flood­ poir:tt of a man who lives under the floods or project and at the same time have not control bill and· is necessary because fre­ which come down. given authority to the Chief of Engineers quently in my section .we are under the Mr. MURRAY. I wish to say to the to make such modifications as in his water. The Senator from Montana may Senator that my interest in this problem discretion are deemed reasonable. Those not be so much interested in it, but down has not been stimulated by reading any are minor modifications which come up at my end of the Missouri Valley we are editonals. I live in Montana, and have in detailed study of plans and after fur­ under the water every year. We have lived there for ne~, rly hal{ a century, and ther investigation. If a Missouri River had as many a.s two or three floods a I know this problem. I know how it af­ authority were established and it would ·year, and the whole theory of setting up fects Montana, and I know how it affects undertake to fix upon a project without a Missouri Valley Commission is sim­ the lower valley States, too, and I am in any modifications it would reduce itself ply that while we pursue the present sympathy with working out a program to an absurdity. system of keeping the water off us so far for this·problem so that it will benefit not I will give the Senator an example. as we can, we adopt the methods which only Montana and Missouri and the other There was under consideration the con­ have been used in the lower Mississippi States, but the whole country. struction of what is now known as the Valley. Mr. CLARK of Missouri. But the Sen­ Kentucky Dam. The T. V. A. had in­ • Mr. President, this is an amendment I ator from Montana insists not only on tended to ·build that dam at one place myself offered. There is no intention working out a flood-control program, but on the river. The evidence first ad­ on earth of precluding any future de­ also on imposing a supergovernment on Ciuced E:howed that, as the dam was to be velopment which might come about in us, to which a great many people in Mis­ administered by the T. V. A., the place the way of an M. V. A., although I am souri are opposed. chosen by the T. V. A. was the proper personally opposed to that. It is for the Mr. MURRAY. The theory of work­ place to construct the dam. Further in­ purpose of keeping the water off people ing it out from the standpoint of :flood vestigation showed that that was not the who are now suffering inundation. control alone has failed, and it has failed proper place to construct it, that it should Mr. MURRAY. I will say, in answer continually for many years. This piece­ be constructed farther down the river. to what the Senator has stated, that we meal effort to handle this problem will It was found on further investigation that in the upper States are in complete never succeed. That is the judgment safe foundations could not be constructed sympathy with his program and his and vpiniorl of the best engineers and the at the point originally designated for the efforts to protect the people in his part of best students of the problem all over the location of the Kentucky Dam, so modi­ the valley from the water, and we wish United States today. If Senators will fications were made and the dam was to cooperate with them, but they have take notice, all over the country people located further down the river. That is been unable to get to any agreement and are beginning to discuss this subject, and true also with respect to other dams in they have been fighting about this tor a demand that we have a program which the T. V. A. system. I am quite sure long while. · will not only handle the actual con­ that is true. The Senator from Tennes- . Mr. CLARK of Missouri. The Senator / struction of these dams but will handle see [Mr. McKELLAR] is not present at the stated that the inclusion of the provision the other problems which are incidental moment to verify my statement. I do in this bill for a Missouri River Commis­ to the development of these basins, and not think there is any doubt, however, sion was designed to preclude a Missouri without that we are not goir.g to be able about the truth of the statement. Modi­ Valley Authority. As the author of the to meet the problems which will be upon fications must· be made wherever neces­ amendment, I can say to the Senator us at the end of this war. If we are to sary, and I think it would be a very un­ from Montana that there was no such find jobs for the millions of workers who sound thing for the Congress to author­ intention in connection with the amend­ will be compelled to hunt for jobs when ize the development. of any basin and not ment. the war ends, we have to have a program give authority to those. entrusted with Mr. MURRAY. But the Senator is op­ which will enable us to develop the re­ the development to make such minor posed to a Missouri Valley Authority. sources of these Western States-these modifications as may be necessary. Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I am; but valleys...:__which have tremendous re­ Mr. MURRAY. No one is criticizing that is an .entirely different question. sources, and have a basis for settling the need for minor modifications. That What I am trying to do now is to keep millions of new settlers in that section is not what I am discussing. the water off the lands of people who live tion of the country. We cannot further Mr. LANGER. Mr. President, will the in the lower Missouri Valley. expand industry in the East, where it is Senator yield? Mr. MURRAY. Is it not the Senator's already overdeveloped. We will have to Mr. MURRAY. Yes; I yield. thought that the Missouri River Au­ come out t<, this area, where we can bring Mr. LANGER. ·May I call the atten­ thority proposed to be set up will be in millions of new settlers, and develop it. tion of the distinguished Senator from better able to cope with this problem, and There is a beautiful map here on the Louisiana to the fact that on the 18th to work out a program? wall-a very alluring thing to look at­ day of August, 3 months ago, the junior , Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I think that but the projects are not engineered, and S3nator from Montana [Mr. MuRRAY] whether we ever have a Missouri River this agreement, which has been signed discussed theM. V. A. in detail upon the Valley Authority or not, which I think is by the Army engineers and the Bureau floor of the Senate; He at that time 1944 CONGR.ESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 8377 talked for over an hour and a half on the full consideration which was given, islation, but the members of the com­ · the subject. At that time he said that the members of the committee did not mittee did not work it out, they did not this is an over-all proposition; that it. do anything about the matter. accept the suggestions of those who ap­ involves flood control, that it involves Mr. CLARK of Missouri. The Sen a- peared before them. The Senator from . irrigation, and that it involves power, . tor from Montana thinks that he can Wyoming [Mr. O'MAHONEY] has a bill and that before any legislation were en­ go over to his office and hold a caucus pending now-- acted the Senator from Montana in- · with himself and make up his mind as Mr. SHIPSTEAD. Mr. President, will tended to be heard upon the matter on to very much more improved legislation the Senator yield? the floor of the Senate. That, as I un­ than the subcommittee and the full com­ Mr. MURRAY. I yiel<;i . . derstand it, has been the attitude of the mittee having jurisdiction of the sub­ Mr. SHIPSTEAD. For the informa­ distinguished junior Senator from Mon­ ject could prepare. tion of the Senate along the line the tana. Am I not correct in that state- Mr. MURRAY. Oh, no. Senator is discussing now, I wish to say ment? . Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I am not in that the Senator from Vermont [Mr. Mr. MURRAY. The Senator is correct agreement with that view. I do not AIKEN] and I went before the commit­ in his statement. think there is anything innate in the tee and a~ked to be heard on the subject Mr. LANGER. The Senator from Mon­ distinguished Senator from ~ Montana of the St. Lawrence waterway. ·We tana went into the minutest detail in his which rermits him to lock himself up in could never obtain a · hearing. The discussion on the floor of the S2nate. his own office by himself, and possibly Senator from Louisiana would not give Mr. OVERTON. Certainly he did. with a representative of the C. I. 0.- me a hearing if I did go there. The That was his own testimony, and he was Mr. MURRAY. Well, now, just a Senator would not give me a look-in speaking to his own bill, and not to an minute. anyway. amendment to the pending bill. Mr. CLARK of Missouri. And arrive Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Presi­ Mr. LANGER. But that was done 3 at a conclusion that is better than that dent, will the Senator yield? months ago. of the Commerce Committee. Mr. OVERTON. Certainly it was. Mr·. MURRAY. I should like to ask Mr. MURRAY. I yield. Mr. LANGER. So certainly the Sena- the Senator where he got this notion Mr. CLARK of Missouri. It is unques­ : to-r from Louisiana cannot say that he that I was locked up in my office with a tionably a fact that the subcommittee is taken by surprise now, and that we are C. I. 0. representative? of the Commerce Committee has been not acting . in good faith when we now M!'. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Presi­ holding hearings on the St. Lawrence offer the amendment dealing with the dent, I got the notion from the fact that waterway for the last 3 days, is it not? M. V.A. the Senator habitually introduces meas­ Mr. SHIPSTEAD. I do not know of Mr. OVERTON. I do not charge Sen­ ures sponsored by the C. I. 0. it. ators with any bad faith, but I do think Mr. MURRAY. The Senator is gravely Mr. MURRAY. Secret hearings. it is wholly unsound and wholly unrea- · mistaken about the Senator from Mon­ Mr. SHIPSTEAD. I never heard of it. -sonable to offer such important legisla­ tana. I have not undertaken to intro­ Mr. CLARK of Missouri. They have tion as a proposal to establish an au­ duce any legislation coming from the been holding hearings. thority to regulate the whole Missouri C. I. 0. I never introduced a bill in the Mr. SHIPSTEAD. I never heard of it. Basin, which stretches miles upon miles · Senate of the United States since I have Mr. CLARK of Missouri. There is no over the country, and goes through State been here on behalf of the C. I. 0. or after question that they have been holding after State, without any evidence being consultation with them on any subject hearings. The Senator from Ver­ presented, and simply to accept the pro­ whatever. mont-- posal on the ipse dixit of the Senator Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Presi- · Mr. MURRAY. No one was notified . from Montana and the Senator from dent-- of them. I will ask the Senator from North Dakota. Mr. MURRAY. Just a moment. I Vermont if that is not true? Mr. MURRAY. Mr. President, in re­ have the right to defend myself. Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, I am sor­ ply to that, I may say to the Senator Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Presi­ ry I did not hear the conversation. from Louisiana that all over the country dent, . I apologize to the Senator from Mr. CLARK of Missouri. The charge people are expressing alarm at his action Montana. has been made here that the Commerce in seeking to force this legislation Mr. MURRAY. I have the f..oor. Committee refused to allow hearings on · through the Senate at this time. I read The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the St. Lawrence waterway. Is it not · an editorial in the Washington Post day ator from Montana declines to yield. · · true that the subcommittee of the Com­ before yesterday in which was pointed Mr. MURRAY. I have the floor. The mittee on Commerce held three different out the viciousness of the proposed legis­ Senator from Missouri has cast some as­ hearings on the St. Lawrence waterway? lation and the fact that it was unneces­ persions upon me here, and I want to tell Mr. AIKEN. No; I did not understand sary. him that my record in the Senate is just that they held any hearings on the Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Presi­ as good as his, if not a little better in merits -of the waterway. I think what dent, will the Senator yield? some respects, and I want to tell him tha.t the Senator refers to is what happened Mr. MURRAY. I yield. he has no right to stand up on the floor of last spring, when the river and harbor Mr. CLARK of Missouri. The Sena­ the Senate and try to create the impres­ bill came over from the House. tor has not heard anyone deny that sion that I am an agent for the C. I. 0. Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Did they exhaustive hearings have been held by here. I am not. I have not introduced not have a hearing this morning? the Subcommittee on Rivers and Harbors one bill since I have been in the Senate Mr. AIKEN. I do not know whether and the Subcommittee OI]. Flood Control of the United States in which the C. I. 0. of the Commerce Committee, that every­ was interested. I have never consulted they did. I am not on the committee. one was afforded the fullest opportunity them on the pending legislation. So that Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Was not the to appear before the subcommittees, that the Senator is entirely mistaken when he Senator notified? a very large number of witnesses did tries to create the impression here that Mr. AIKEN. No. , appear before the committees, and that I have been associated with or interested Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Was he not the matter received the fullest consid­ with the C. I. 0. in connection with this notified day before yesterday? eration by those subcommittees and also legislation. Mr. AIKEN. No. by the full committees. The Senator said that I locked myself Mr. OVERTON. Mr. President, during Mr. LANGER. Mr. President, will the · up in my office and then undertook to my temporary absence from the Cham­ Senator yield for a question? determine for myself what kind of legis­ ber I am advised the question was asked Mr. CLARK of Missouri. As I said, I lation we should have here. I have not what notice was given of the hearings never saw the Senator from Montana done anything of the kind. The Senator on the St. Lawrence seaway. When the or the Senator from North Dakota before told us here a few moments ago that a hearings were contemplated I wrote a either the subcommittees or the full number of Senators from the West ap­ letter to the members of the subcom­ · committee. peared before his committee here and mittee stating I was going to call a meet­ Mr. MURRAY. But after all these they tried to advise the committee and ing of the subcommittee for the purpose .exhaustive hearings which were had and' assist the committee in working· out leg-' of ·determining when J;learings would be 8378 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE NOVEMBER 24 conducted and what would be the pre­ Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, will the page paid. advertisement, which I hold liminary scope of those hearings. Senator from Montana yield to me long in my hand, in behalf of the senior Sen­ I suggested to the members of the sub­ enough to make an explanation of the ator from Louisiana~ I shall read it committee that we begin hearings on the matter which has been brought up? again. I read it the other day, and I following Monday-that was Monday of Mr. MURRAY. I yield. . shall read it as often as it necessary, as this week-November 20, and that the Mr. AIKEN. I hope I shall not be in­ often as the question is raised. hearings be confined to the preliminary, terrupted before I have finished. In one part of the advertisement we fundamental, and paramount question as First, there is the question of the Com­ find the heading "Opposes St. Lawrence to whether the arrangement between the mittee on Commerce refusing last spring Seaway." I read: Dominion of Canada and the United to hear the proponents of the St. Law­ States of America is a treaty or an ex­ rence seaway, when the Senator from OPPOSES ST. LAWRENCE SEA WAY ecutive agreement--in other words, Minnesota [Mr. SmPSTEAD] and I visited With JoHN H. OVERTON in the Senat e ~ou­ isiana and the South need have no fear t hat whether it is an instrument requiring the Committee on Commerce. The river the freight traffic that justly should pass ratification by a two-thirds vote of the and harbor bill had come over from the through our ports will be diverted by greedy Senate, or whether it could be ratified House. Hearings were announced by the combinations and unfair legislation to the by a majority vote of both Houses. I Committee on Commerce. After they so-called St. Lawrence seaway. sent a copy of that notice to the Sena­ were announced I read-! believe in a THREAT TO NEW ORLEANS tor from Vermont, the author of the bill, schedule sent out by the Senator from New Orleans knows that the proposed St. and also to others who were interested Louisiana-that 2 days would be devoted Lawrence channel is a threat to the export in the matter. to the Tombigbee waterway, which was and import business that means so much to When the subcommittee met it deter­ not in the bill when it came over from the the Crescent City. The proposal means that mined to begin hearings; not on Monday, House. So long as there was a proposal hundreds of millions of taxpayers• dollars but on Tuesday, November 21, and to to add this southern waterway to the will be spent to make an artificial sea. chan­ confine the hearings to the question ·bill, it occurred to me that it would be nel through the ice-bound North to carry entirely apropos to add the St. Lawrence freight to• the eastern seaboard that now whether or not the arrangement is a more easily and economically moves down treaty or an executive agreement. I seaway project also. So I asked the the great Mississippi through New Orleans. promptly notified the Senator from Ver­ chairman of the Committee on Com­ The proposal is doubly unfair because F'ed­ mont, the author of the bill, that hear­ merce if he would give tis an equal eral taxes levied on Louisiana would be used ings would be begun in the rooms of the amount of time to present the merits of to destroy Louisiana commerce. Senate Committee on Commerce, and in­ the St. Lawrence seaway project. He OVERTON STOPS PROJEct' vited him to attend the hearings. I ex­ declined to do so. Senator JoHN H. OVERTON has successfully plained to him exactly what the scope of One day the Senator from Minnesota prevented the passage of this measure, be­ the hearings would be, and told him in and I visited the committee while it was cause he is chairman of the Senate special effect that we · would be very glad to · in session. The official reporter took committee in charge of legislation concern­ hear any statement which he might de- down the statement which I made. I ing the St. Lawrence seaway,. Senator OVER­ sire to make. _ asked the Senator from Louisiana if he TON declared hiS' opposition to this visionary The Senator from Vermont did not would give us 1 hour to present the scheme when the chairmanship was tendered merits of the St. Lawrence seaway him, but his colleagues in the Senate, know­ answer the courteous invitation which I in~ his thoroughness and uprightness, in­ extended to him, but the other day he project, with the idea of offering it as an sisted that he accept the appointment. This took the floor of the Senate and stated amendment to the river and harbor bill, compliment to JoHN H. OVERTON's character that he had received the invitation, but and he refused to give us 1 hour. has hardly been surpassed in the annals of did not propose to attend. Therefore the Mr. qVERTON. Mr. President, will the American Congress. The compliment to Senator from Vermont has had notice. the Senator yield to me for the purpose LoUisiana should not be lightly tossed aside. We had hearings on Tuesday and of correcting the RECORD? But more than that, if JOHN H. OVERTON does Wednesday. Thursday was Thanksgiv­ Mr. AIKEN. No; I will not yield. I not return to the Senate, i:nto whose hands wish to finish. would this proj.ect fall? ing Day. Tbis morning, because of the Today JOHN H. OVERTON is the stalwru:t and absence of two witnesses whom we ex­ The Senator from Louisiana, how­ successful defender of Louisiana's rights. pected to have on the stand, there were - ever, did say, along about that time, in Louisiana must return him to the Senate. no witnesses to testify, and we took a April, that he would hold bearings on recess until Monday. That is the status. the St. Lawrence seaway bill. He so In another column of the advertise­ Notices were given in the press as to the · stated on the floor of the Senate. He ment his opposition to the seaway is re­ hearings, and the scope of the hearings. met me at various places and assured iterated. In still another column it is Tne mtimation of concealment on the me... that he would hold such hearings stated that the Senator from Louisiana part of the Senate Committee on Com­ without delay just as quickly as he could can get apprqpriations. It tells about all merce is wrong, both with reference to finish with the river and harbor bill. the money he can get for Louisiana the river and harbor bill and the flood­ 1The committee finished with the flood­ through the flood-control and river-and­ control bill, as well as the St. Lawrence control btll first, I believe, and with the harbor program. I quote: seaway. There has never been any con­ river and harbor bill in June. No time Senator OvERToN is one of the senior ma­ cealment. I gave notice on the floor of was set for hearings on the St. Lawrence jority members of the Senate Appropriations the Senate as to the time of the hearings seaway. We took a recess in July. The Committee, and from this committee will and the schedule of hearings, project by Senator had told me that he would start come the legislation appropriating the money project, both as to the river and harbor hearings as quickly as possible after we .. to pay for the deep-water channel. bill and the flood-control bill. I gave a came back. I believe we came back These two committee positions, so impor­ about the 1st of August. In the mean­ tant right now to New Orleans, will be lost notice twice or possibly three times. I to the city and to Louisiana should Senator called in representatives of the press and time, Mr. President, he had engag~d in OVERTON not be reelected. gave them the notices, and the press pub­ a primary campaign. I had no inclina­ lished the notices. tion to hinder his work in that campaign, NEW ORLEANS NEEDS OVERTON so I did not press him for hearings at Because New Orleans needs Senator JoHN With respect to the St. Lawrence sea­ H. OVERTON's influence and prestige in the way, notices were given in the press. that time, feeling sure that as soon as Senat.e and because he will h andle the Those notices were issued before the the Louisiana primaries were over, on the deep-water-channel legislation are only two Senate was in session, ·and therefore I 12th of September, he would proceed among m any reasons why every loyal citizen could not give notice on the floor, but I with hearings on the St. Lawrence sea­ of New Orleans and of the State should vote notified the author of the bill, as well as way project, and that it might be possible for Senator OvERTON's reelection on Sep­ others interested, who I thought might' o obtain action on it at this session of tember 12. wish to testify. I notified the State De- Congress. New Orleans' one great hope for a deep­ _partment and the Department of Justice. However, about the time the campaign sea channel lies in the reelection ot Senator JOHN H. OVERTON. !also notified the representatives of those was fin~shed I received a copy of a page who oppose the St. Lawrence seaway, from the New Orleans Times-Picayune of That is from the paid advertisement Mr. MURRAY obtained the floor. Sunday, September 10. 1944. It is a full- I have been reading. 1944 CONGRESSrONAL RECORD-SENATE 8379

After that I re.ceived ma~y clippings project. In the full-page advertisement tribe ·attacking the Senator from Louisl- from Louisiana ne_wspapers. I should . it is said- ana. The Senator from Montana abso­ lilt.e to read several of them. One is from In off~ring for reelection, Senator OvERTON lutely lost the floor l>y taking his seat the Shreveport Tim-es for August 9, 1944. · stated, "My platform will be the record of and retaining it until he heard me get up It is a report regarding a radio address my service and the promise that such a and request recognition and, after being made by the Senator from Louisiana record holds in the future. Upon that plat­ recognized, yield to the Senator from [Mr. OVERTON] from Washington, D. C., form I submit my candidacy to all the peo­ Louisiana. I maintain that the Senator on August 8, 1944. I quote from the ple and all the factions of Louisiana. from Montana lost the floor by· sitting newspaper clipping: Mr. President, it seems to me that any- down while the Senator from Vermont The Louisiana Senator &poke by radio from one would have been justified in beintr read the diatribe attacking the Senator the Capital, where he has been attending to skeptical. I do not mind his expressions from Louisiana. official business of the Senate. as much as I do his going home to Loui- I am glad to yield-- Senator OVERTON pointed out that he be­ siana and bragging about it. It seems to Mr. MURRAY. Mr. President, let me gan h is career as a Member of Congress in the House of Representatives in 1931, serving me that is adding insult to injury, to make an explanation: The Senator then on the House Flood Control Committee, say the least. from Louisiana desires to reply to the and then went on' to the United States Sen­ As to the hearings which are now be- Senator from Vermont, and I had con­ ate, wh ere he now occupies such important ing held, after the committee has had sented to have-- and l{ey posts as chairman of the Subcom­ . the bill for 14 months, let me say that Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I do not need mittee on Flood Control, of the Subcommit­ in the first place I attempted to have the consent of the Senator from Man­ tee ·on Rivers and Harbors, of the Subcommit­ the bill referred to the Committee on tana. I shall be glad to yield to the Sen­ tee on t he St. Lawrence Seaway (which he is fighting vigorously as inimical to southern Foreign Relations, but I could not sue- ator from Louisiana, but I will not yield _ business interests), of the Subcommittee on ceed in having that done. However, now, to the Senator from Montana. Navy Appropriations, ranking majority mem­ after the Commerce Committee has 'held Mr. MURRAY. If the Senator from ber of· t he ·Army Appropriations Committee, the bill for 14 months, it suddenly chal- Missouri is the dominant figure in that chairman of the :Manufacturers' Commit­ lenges its own right to the bill of which committee, I can understand how the tee, etc. it has held possession all the time. It kind of bill the Senator is now support­ I have many other similar · clippings announced that it will hold a hearing ing has been brought from the commit­ from newspapers. to determine whether the President's tee. Here is another one uhich I should like message and the contract between the Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I object to to read. It comes from the Alexandria United States and Canada should have personal references by the Senator from Daily Town Talk for Wednesday, August been submitted to the Senate as a treaty Montana. I can take care of a matter of ·9, 1944, and is a dispatch by the As­ or as an agreement. that kind in my own time. It appeared to me, Mr. President,·that Mr. MURRAY. The Senator fTom sociated Press: the ·chairman of the committee was Missouri started the personal references. WASHlNGTON, August 9.-Senator JoHN H. challenging the State Department. Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I object very · OVERTON i:nade the third of a series of cam­ paign addresses to his Louisiana constituents Nothing was to be said a.t the hearing on seriously, Mr: President; to having the last night, asking reelection.. and reviewing the merits of the St. Lawrence seaway · Senator from Montana take_ the floor fiood-co~tror work and rivers and harbors · itself, but simply on the method which after he has lost it. developments authorized by Congress during the President could use to get the con- I shall be glad· to yield to the Senator the 12 years he has been in the Senate. _ tract approved. The Senator · from · from Louisiana. "If I were to leave the Senate, who from Louisiana did write me a letter announc- Mr. MURRAY. Mr. President, I desire Louisiana would be able to continue where ing that ~he hearing would be held. He -'to have a ruling from the Chair. · I left off?" OvERTON asked in a speech foJ; rad,io · said witnesses would be restricted to au- The PRESIDING OFFICER. · The · broadcast in his native State. '!Who would be chairman of the Flood Oontrol and Rivers thorities on constitutional law. The · Chair will state that the situation is that and Harbors Committees?" . State Department will have one, I un- the Senator from Montana had the floor OvERToN said that the general plan of flood . derstand, and I understand that the pub- · and yielded to the · Senator from Ver­ control on· the Mississippi "has been au­ lic utility. companies also have a witness - mont, and then took his seat. The Chair thoriz· ; and is being executed. - It remains, waiting t.o testify: ·The Senator told me· did not know whether the Senator from however, for necessary appropriations- to be the·committee-would be glad to have any Montana was yielding the floor. made annually by Co:qgress to complete and · statement I would like to make. I do not Mr. MURRAY. No, Mr. President; I keep in shipshape this great. engineering · pose as an expert in any degree on con- · did not take my seat. I leaned against · work," he added. stitutional law. I did not see anything · the seat for a few minutes. "Fortunately, I am in a position to get . these appropriations," he said. "I am a mem­ · to be gair::ed by entering into the dis- Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Presi­ ber of the Appropriations Committee of the ' pute. between the Commerce Committee : · dent, that is the most ridiculous propo­ Senate and the ranking majority member cif and the State Department. Further:- : · sition I ever heard. the War Department Appropriations · S~bcom- ' more; I did not see anything to be gained 1 , Mr. MURRAY. Mr. President, now I mittee, which recommends all allocations to by my appearance bef--ore the cemmit-· ·can understand the situation regarding · be made for flood con,trol and river and har­ ·tee; I felt-that · any appearance before : the bill the Senator got from the com- - ·. bor work." the committee woula,be futile, inasmuch · -.mittee . FLOOD-CONTROL WORK' . as a majority. of·the co:rpmittee told the · Mr. CLARK of· Missouri-. ·. I object to OVERTON said that Congress had appropri- · press they believed it should-be a treaty, having the ·Senator speak· out of order. : ated $19,000,000 for the fiscal year 1944- an_d 1 .not-an ·agreem'ent, and · the-y~ made · that 1 , • The PRESIDING OFFICER. ·The . $26,000,000 for fiscal 194& forr flood-control 1 .statement before they· had ·heard a sin- 1 'Chair will state that· at the time when . work on .the lower Mississsippi Valley, but ; g1e word of testimony; recognition was requested· by the Sena.­ that "only a token pa-yment of $100" has ~ · Mr. CLARK of ·Missouri. Mr. Presi- tor from Missouri, the Chair thought he ' been allotted for "all flood-control work out- dent-·.- recognized that -the Senator from Man- side of the Mississippi Valley:" : The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Me.;. . -tana was occupying his seat. · The Chair In the light of all that·, Mr. President, CLELLAN in the chair)~ The Senator . stated that the-- Senator from· Missouri it seems to me· that· I can be excused if · from Missouri. · - · - would be recognized as the next-speaker. - I was a -little skeptical by that time as Mr. OVERTON. Mr. Presidenfi----.. The Chair assumed · that the Senator ·to the intention of the· Senator from . Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I yield to 'from Montana hat:i yielded the. floor:. · ·Louisiana to give fair hearings ·to the .the Senator from Louisiana. ·The Chair now recognizes· the Sena-- 'St. Lawrence project·. One of the dis• .' Mr. MURRAY. : Mr. President, I have tor from· Missouri.·· - c patches was dated August 2, about the the floor. · Mr. CLARK' of Missouri. Mr. Presi­ time when we were going to hold hear• . Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Presi- dent, assuming that it may be agreed 1ngs. The Senator . from · LouisiaiJ.a dent, the Senator from Montana lost the .that the Senater from Louisiana ·. [Mr. pledged himself .time and again, to his fioor by sitting down· for 14 minutes while OVERTON] may be· recognized,- since ·per­ constituents, to def~at t}?.e St.-Lawrence the Senator from -Vermunt ·read a dia- sonal attack has been made on· him;·and 8380 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE NOVEMBER 24 since he is entitled to answer that at- . answer was that he desired me, never­ that they desired a hea·ring on the sepa­ tack, I ask unanimous consent that I theless, to proceed as chairman of the rate UI dealing with the St. Lawrence may be permitted to yield the floor to subcommittee and' to conduct hearings seaw _,,y project. the Senator from Louisiana so that he in due course. I believe that conversa­ Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, will the may answer the personal attack made tion took place in January. I have here­ Senator yield? on him by the Senator from Vermont. tofore given the exact dates on the floor Mr. OVERTON. I refuse to yield be­ Mr. OVERTON. Mr. President, if the of the Senate and they appear in the cause the Senator from Vermont refused Senator will yield to me, I will answer. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. to yield to me.- Otherwise I should be The PRESIDING OFFICER. If the Immediately following my selection as glad to yield to him. Senator from Missouri yields the floor, chairman I asked whether any depart­ Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Presi­ the Chair will be glad to recognize· the mental reports had been received. I dent, I have the floor. If the Senator Senator from Louisiana. could have proceeded with the hear­ from Louisiana wishes to reply to the Mr. CLARK of Missouri. No; I will not ings at that time if the departmental Senator from Vermont I shall be glad to yield the floor. I will be glad to·yield to reports had been filed. I was advised yield. the Senator from Louisiana. that no reports whatever had been sub­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Mr. OVERTON. Mr. President, if the mitted. Approximately each work week Senator from Misouri yield; and if so, ·to Senator· from Missouri will permit me, thereafter-my recollection has been whom? · and without engaging in a debate as to confirmed by the deputy clerk of the Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I do not who has or who has not the floor, I should Senate Committee on Commerce-! yield to any Member unless the Senator like to make an inquiry of my fl'iend, the asked whether there had been any de­ from Louisiana is willing to be inter­ Senator from Missouri. partmental reports submitted and I was rupted. Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, a parlia­ advised that there had been none. Mr. OVERTON. I do not wish to be mentary inquiry. The situation continued until about interrupted. Mr. OVERTON. I was about to say-­ April, when the Senator from Vermont Mr. MURRAY. 1\fr. President, I rise The PRESIDING OFFICER. The [Mr. AIKEN] apparently awoke to- the to a point of order. Chair wishes to entertain the parliamen­ realization that he had introduced a bill The PRESIDING OFFICER. The tary inquiry. The Senator from New undertaking to implement the arrange­ Senator will state it. Mexico has asked to make a parliamen­ ment- which had been entered into be­ Mr. MURRAY. T.he Senator from tary inquiry. The Senator :will state it. tween Canada and the United States. Missouri has· lost the floor because he Mr. OVERTON. The Chair has recog­ According to newspaper reports, he has been leaning on his desk for the last nized the SE:1nator from Missouri as hav­ called upon His Excellency, the Presi­ 15 minutes. [Laughter.] ing the floor. dent of the United States. Also, accord­ Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Presi­ .The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ing to newspaper reports, the President dent, I have been standing right here. Chair recognizes the Senator from Mis­ of the United States directed that all in­ Mr. MURRAY. Mr. President, I in­ souri as having the floor, but when the terested departments submit reports on vite attention -to the fact that the Sen­ Senator from New Mexico [Mr. HATCH] the Aiken bill. Reports then began to ator from Missouri was leaning against made a parliamentary inquiry the Chair come in. They came in pretty rapidly. his desk. wished to recognize him for that purpose. All the reports which had been requested Mr. CLARK of Missouri. ·I did not Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, I with­ up to that time were submitted by the take my seat, and I understood the Sen­ draw my parliamentary· inquiry. latter part of April. ator from Louisiana desired to ask · a [Laughter.] • In the meantime, however, the House question. Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Presi­ had passed the river and harbor bill. I The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen­ dent, I yielded to the Senator from Lou­ was chairman of the Subcommittee on · ator from Missouri is standing, and he isiana in order that he might ask a ques­ Rivers and Harbors, and the bill to which itill retains the floor. tion. I have referred was placed in my lap to Mr. OVERTON. Mr. President, the Mr. OVERTON. Mr. President, I handle. As I have said, it was a House­ request to which I have referred came should like to proceed without interrup­ passed bill. I felt that it was my duty to to a subcommittee which had nothing to tion. take up the bill which had been passed do with the Aiken bill. The subcommit­ I am somewhat surprised that any by the House. It dealt with a multitude tee was the Subcommittee on Rivers and Member of this body should undertake to. of projects which, at least collectively, Harbors. Another subcommittee had place me in a false light before the Mem­ would be of infinitely more value to the . been appointed to handle the Aiken bill. bers of the Senate and before the coun­ United States than would be the St. The chairman of the Commerce Com­ try, and that unpardonably he should do Lawrence seaway project. mittee, the Senator from North Carolina so without adhering to the facts. I have For the reasons which I have stated [Mr. BAILEY], advised the Senator from always undertaken to treat th:: Senator I promptly directed hearings to be held Vermont [Mr. AIKEN] and the Senator from Vermont, as well as other Senators, on the river and harbor bill. I gave from Minnesota [Mr. SmPSTEAD] that the with proper respect. I hope I shall al­ notice on the floor of the Senate of Rivers and Harbors Subcommittee had ways be able to do so, and that I shall not hearings to be held. I also gave notice no jurisdiction over the Aikin bill, and be provoked into departing from what I through the press so that anyone having that hearings would have to be conducted believe to be the duty and high standard an interest in the matter could appear by the subcommittee which had been of a United States Senator. before the subcommittee. appointed to conduct such hearings. It should be borne in mind that in · I invite attention of the Senator· from Thereupon the Senator from Vermont either September or October of last year North Carolina [Mr. BAILEY], as well as [Mr. AIKEN] very naively remarked that the Senator from Vermont [Mr. AIKEN] other members of the subcommittee, to the chairman of both subcommittees was introduced a bill with reference to the the statement which I am about to make one and the same person, namely, my St. Lawrence seaway. I am sure it was because I differ with the Senator from humble self. I replied that that was the more than a year ago, No further ef­ Vermont in the statement which he has only relationship existing between the fort was made with regard to it for quite made. ! two subcommittees. Mr. President, the some time. In t:t:J.e midst of holding hearings by Senator from Vermont did not ask me to I was notified by the Senator from the subcommittee having charge of the do so, but if he had asked that I adjourn North Carolina [Mr. BAILEY], who is river and harbor legislation the Senator the hearings on the river and harbor bill chairman of the Senate Committee on from Vermont and the senior Senator and proceed with hearings on the St. Commerce, that I was to be appointed from Minnesota [Mr. SHIPSTEAD] ap­ Lawrence seaway bill I should have re­ chairman of a subcommittee to handle peared before the subcommittee hand­ fused to do so. He said he could present the bill. When he requested me to act ling the river and harbor bill, and ex­ his matter in an hour, which was doubt­ as chairman of the subcommittee I said pressed a desire to be given a hearing, f"Ul, but at the same time there were to him, "I think it is only proper for not on any amendment which had been countless other persons who were inter­ me to say to you that I am opposed to the proposed by the Senator from Vermont ested in the St. Lawrence project, either St. Lawrence seaway project." His to the river and harbor bill but stating for or against it, who wished to be heard. 1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 8381 When hearings are held on the merit:: of so stated to the chairman when he ap­ In reference to flood-control appropria­ the bill they will probably last for quite pointed me chairman of the subcommit­ tions, I did make the statement that the a number of days. tee. I made a tight against it here in Congress had appropriated some fifteen Mr. CLARK of Missouri. The Senator 1934. to twenty million dollars last year for will recall that in 1934 the very same I never made the statement at any flood control on the lower Mississippi, proposition was presented as a treaty, time that I haa been delaying hearings and so many millions the year before, coming from the Committee on Foreign on the St. Lawrence seaway in order and all during the war period. But it Relations, was debated for 8 weeks in this to defeat it. I said th~t I was opposed made those appropriations on recom­ Chamber, and was afterwards ~efeated to it, and that I would do what I could mendations made by the Bureau of the by a vote of the Senate. This is merely toward defeating it. I have a right to Budget. The appropriations were car­ an attempt, in my opinion, a very cheap an opinion. The fact that I am chair­ ried in the bill as it passed the House, attempt to do by indirection what could man of a subcommittee does not deprive and it came to the Senate without any not be done by direction, to put it in as me of my right to an opinion. Cl~air­ controversy in the Senate Committee on a measure which could be voted on by men of full committees and chairmen of Appropriations. Likewise, under Budget the Committee on Commerce, and would subcommittees are constantly express­ recommendations, there was a nominal not require the vote necessary for ratifi­ ing their opinions, and I have as much sum, a token appropriation, of $100, made cation of a treaty, which was required right to an opinion as has the author of for flood control generally throughout the when it was last presented in the Senate. the bill as to the merits or demerits of United States. That was done, not by Mr. OVERTON. I thank the Senator the St. Lawrence seaway. . any Senate amendment, not by any ac­ for his observation. The Sen·ator from Two days before the primary election, tion of mine, but it was done in the House Vermont has made the statement that I which occurred on September 12, there of Representatives, and was incorporated repeatedly made promises of hearings. I were some very enthusiastic friends of in the bill as it passed the House and said nothing to him in conversation about mine-and I appreciate their warm came to the Senate without any contro­ conducting hearings on the St. Lawrence friendshiP-who did insert in the Times­ versy in the Senate whatsoever, and I seaway, which I did not say here upon Picayune a full-page advertisement, the had nothing whatsoever to do about the the floor of the Senate. He brought the Times-Picayune being a paper published appropriation. matter up -on one or two occasions, and in the city of New Orleans. The adver­ · Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Presi­ I stated exactly what I was going to do; tisement was entitled "Congress in Ac­ dent, before the Senator takes his seat, and it is to be found in the RECORD, that tion,"· a beautiful headline, and it con­ I should like to call his attention to the when I got through with the river and tained very laudatory comments about fact that I did not yield to · him for a harbor and flood control bills I would me . . I was not the author of these eu­ speech, but for a question, arid I presume. take up the St. Lawrence bill. I did.not logies. It was prepared by friends of he has been leading up to the question. go ~urther than that, and could not go mine, and I really do not know, outside I hope before he takes · his seat he will further than. that. · · of one or two whom I have since found conferm to the Senate's practice by ask­ The Senator has stated this afternoon out about, who were instrumental in get- ing me the question. that I was involved in a primary elec­ . ting up this full-page advertisement and Mr. OVERTON. Indeed I will ask the tion, and therefore I went home to look inserting it in the Times-Picapune in Senator a question. I should like to know after my candidacy. That is true. Then reference to my candidacy. whether he is enjoying the best of health. he said he expected me immediately af­ The statements made by my overen- · I hope he is. ter the primary election to ·return to thusiastic friends in order to get the Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I certainly Washington to conduct hearings on the votes of the people of the city of New am. st. Lawrence seaway. My primary was Orleans in behalf of my candidacy, that Mr. OVERTON. Mr. President, if any on September 12. There would have I was going to do everything I could as fault -is to -be found about delay in the no chance on God's green earth to as_. chairman of the subcommittee to prevent consideration of the St. Lawrence sea­ semble the members of the subcommittee hearings on the St. Lawrence seaway, way, that fault is to be laid on sJ;10ulders here during the recess of the Congress, that I proposed to defeat it, and what­ other than mine. I think it was in 1941- and on the eve of the general national ever they did say, as has been read by I do not remember exactly-when the election.· No quorum could be obtained the Senator from Vermont, were gross President sent the St. Lawrence agree­ until after the general election had been exaggerations, that is all. ment to the Congress. The Senate of the held, and everyone knows that. What I said in my campaign in ref­ United States did nothing about it. Mr. President, I returned to Washing­ erence to the st: Lawrence seaway is There was none so -poor in the Senate as ton before November 14, and I came back all down in writing, because I made no to do it reverence by the introduction of here for the purpose of initiating hear­ campaign speeches except those that were a bill implementing it. It was an ad­ ings on the St. Lawrence seaway, as well made in State-wide broadcasts and, as ministration measure and it was sent to as for other purposes. I proceeded to it usual, as is necessary, in fact, in order Congress as such. very promptly, when I thought I could get to make radio broadcasts, one's speech Lo and behold, suddenly there was an a quorum of the subcommittee, and later must be reduced to writing, and mine were awakening on the part of one Senator. on a quorum of the full committee. I did all reduced to writing, and reproductions It did not come from the Democratic side it, I repeat, very promptly, even before of them can be obtained at Station of the aisle, but from over on the other Congress has reconvened, and gave no­ KWKH in Shreveport, out of which they side of the aisle. The Senator from Ver­ tice that on last Monday the hearings originated and from which they were mont [Mr. AIKEN], a Republican, offered would begin. carried throughout the State of Loui­ the bill to implement the administration­ Mr. President, I think those who know siana. They could be reproduced in my conceived compact between Canada and me and have a just regard for me would own voice or the manuscripts I for­ the United States. When he offered it not think that I had made any state­ warded them can be presented to the he let it lie there. Is he blaming me be­ ment, in any campaign or otherwise, Senator from Vermont or anybody else cause I did not offer a bill implementing that I would take advantage of any trust who has the curiosity to read them. it when I was opposed to it? But imposed in me by the Congress of the Mr. President, I wish to emphasize after he offered the bill he let it lie until United States. If there be those who. that I did· not at any time make any after the department reports came in, through enmity, do not entertain such a statement that I was going to take ad­ and I took up the bill to examine it. It regard for me, I do not care what they vantage of my position as chairman of was pulled out of a pigeonhole. It was think about me. the subcommittee to thwart considera­ all covered with dust; cobwebs were all The only statements I made in my tion of the St. Lawrence seaway, I over it. It was a musty old bill that had campaign concerning the St. Lawrence propose to tight it; certainly I do. I lain there neglected by its own father. seaway and in reference to flood control am going to tight it in subcommittee, But now suddenly there is a great re­ are contained in my own broadcasts. I in full committee, and on the floor of vival of interest on the part of the Sena­ did state, as everyone knows, that I was the Senate, and I have a right to do tor from Vermont, a tremendous urge to opposed to the St. Lawrence seaway. · I that. get this biil through, so much so that he 8382 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD_:_SENATE NOVEMBER 24 wants Rivers and Harbors Committee committee of the Committee on Com­ trol. That was considerable responsi­ meetings to be stopped. He wants the merce. I think it may be well for me bility to repose in one man, but I did not river and harbor bill to be thrown out to state that there is a fixed rule in the do it to compliment him. I did not do it of the window. He wants flood-control Committee on Commerce. I do not have out of any sense of favoritism, either. hearings to be stopped in order that his to apply the rule every time a bfll comes I did so because I consider him one of own bill, which had lain so long neglected up, b:It the clerk is instructed that when­ the most elevated men I have ever known. by him, by the President of the United ever any bill comes up with which any Furthermore, he is a very excellent States, and by all of the Government department of the Government has to do, lawyer; and, in addition, ever since he departments, can be brought to the Sen­ the bill is at once.sent to that department has been in the Senate he has made a ate floor and shot through the Congress. of government for its advice. We never specialty of river and harbor, flood con­ He is now like a hen with one chick, bring a bill to the floor and never bring a trol, and seaway matters. tremendously interested in his one bill, bill before the committee until we have I did it also because I have never and I say that without any reflection at heard from the department concerned. known a more diligent worker than the all upon him, but simply to give empha­ That rule was followed in this case. But Senator from Louisiana . . I really felt sis to his suddenly awakened maternal it happ2ned to be that a great many de­ ashamed of myself last summer. I saw interest in his long-neglected chick. partmer. ~ s were interested i:r.. the matter. him conducting hearings day after day Very well; I will go along as quickly I .must say I do not know how many such through the hot weather. He suggested as it is humanly possible to consider the_ departments there were. to me that he intended to call the com­ St. Lawrence seaway bill. When I say This procedure was followed: I think mittee together in September to con­ humanly possible I must respond to about 2 weeks or 10 days after the bill sider ·the St. Lawrence seaway, and he my other responsibilities in the Senate, came to the committee it was sent to the undertook to do so. We agreed on the and I want to get rid of the river and Department of state. We asked for the date, which was to be about the 20th of harbor bill, and I want to get rid of the advices of the Secretary of State. I September, but that was during the re­ flood-control bill before there is any think we received some advices about 7 cess. I could not be present, and other report to be made on the St. Lawrence months later. I think the request was Senators could not be present. We all seaway; That is my view _of it. made in September, and the advices know that the campaign was approach­ Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Presi­ came in April. But in that matter I am ing. We all felt the need of rest. That dent, I wish to make a statement. Ex­ going by the record which was printed is the summary. There has been abso­ cuse me, I thought the · Senator had by the Senator from Louisiana. It hap­ lutely no delay, and no intention to sup­ concluded. pened, however, that there were other press anything. No one can find the Mr. OVERTON. Yes; but I should departments-the War Department, the slig:P,test evidence of any delay on the like to proceed for a moment if the Sen­ Navy Department, and the Department part of the Senator from Louisiana. ator will permit. of Commerce, and I think even other Such delay as we have had has been de­ Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Yes; I will departments-! will not undertake to say lay in receiving reports from the depart­ be glad to. how many-which were interested in ments. Certainly I do not wish to bring Mr. OVERTON. On the question of the subject. They took their time, and · a bill before the Senate n.nd then apolo­ fact arising between the Senator from I had to write the second time to several gize for not having the views of the de­ Vermont and myself I wish to ask the of them and tell them we would like to partments most concerned. Senator from North Carolina whether · have their views. I should like to say something further my statement as to· what occurred is or Mr. President, it may be news to some, about the Senator from Louisiana. I is not correct. but in the Commerce Committee I pro­ read these campaign statements for the Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I shall be ceed on the thoroughgoing understand­ first time after the distinguished Sena­ glad to yield to the Senator from North ing that this is a Government of co­ tor from Vermont b'rought them forward. Carolina for a question. ordinated powers. When we receive a In the first place, we may say generally Mr. BAILEY. The statement which bill we send it to the department con­ that anyone who takes campaign politi­ the S2nator from Louisiana has made cerned in order to coordinate. I believe cal advertisements seriously is in need of with reference to the appearance of the I can also say that since the day when a guardian. I thought that was well Senator from Vermont and the Senator I succeeded Senator Copeland, my late understood in America. · from Minnesota [Mr. SHIPSTEAD] before . lamented friend, as chairman of the However, J am willing to underwrite the Subcommittee on Rivers and Harbors committee-and that was in 1938, or a those statements. The Senator from is absolutely correct. I was there and little more than 6 years ago-there never Louisiana deserves the confidence of his partfcipated in giving the information has been a bill delayed in the Com­ fellow Senators, the praise of his con­ which was necessary. They had asked merce Committee. Such a thing as stituents, and the gratitude of his coun­ us to consider the St. Lawrence seaway pigeonholing a bill never occurred to me. try for his enormous and indefatigable proposition, now known as the Aiken bill, If I do not like a bill I consider it my labors. I deeply regret that he should while we were considering the river and duty to have the committee pass on it. be made the subject of an attack here. harbor bill as it come over from the I believe we keep current, certainly In June he received from the Democratic House. The St. Lawrence seaway bill within 30 days of winding up the calen­ side of the Senate-! can understand was an entirely separate bill. It was not dar at all times. The idea that any sub­ why our friends across the aisle are offered as an amendment. Meantime committee chairman or the chairman of the ·subcommittee on the St. Lawrence the committee could suppress a bill there under some inhibitions in a campaign­ seaway bill, that is, the Aiken bill, had is totally abhorrent to me. The bills are one of the greatest tributes of which I been appointed. So the Senators were brought out. They are referred to sub­ have ever known. I believe it has no informed that our subcommittee then committees. We have standing subcom­ parallel in the history of the Senate. sitting, that is, the Subcommittee on Riv­ mittees. If a subcommittee does not re­ He announced that he did not intend to ers and Harbors of the Commerce Com­ port within 30 days, I request to know run for the Senate again, and when he mittee, had no jurisdiction. I thought why. So there ·has been nothing what­ did so, 43 Senators signed a petition ad­ that settled it. I did not have the slight­ ever to justify the insinuation made here dressed to him urging him to run and est impression that anyone was offended. or the suspicions which have been saying that we needed him in the Sen­ I thought the two Senators, when ap­ uttered. ate. I do not think the _petition was prised of the situation, were perfectly I wish to say another word. I re­ circulated across the aisle, not because satisfied. quested the Senator from Louisiana [Mr. members of the opposition party would Now it seems that the matter of delay OVERTON] to serve as chairman of the not have been willing to sign it, but be­ has been brought up here. There has committee on the St. Lawrence seaway. cause it is a very difficult thing to ask. been delay in connection with the con­ I had theretofore requested him to serve I think it would be improper to ask a sideration of the St. Lawrence seaway, as chairman of the Subcommittee on member of the Republican Party to but the delay is not due to the Committee Rivers and Harbors and also as chair­ support a Democrat, even in Louisiana, on Commerce nor is it due to the sub- man of the Subcommittee on Flood Con- where we know that the nomination 1944 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD-SENA 'IE 8383 amounts to an election. If the petition find such action advisable for flood con­ before the committee for the purpose of had been circulated throughout the Sen­ trol and in order to make more water getting our request on the · p~cial record. ate, I believe that it would have received readily available for agricultural and in­ The official reporter took'-it down, be­ 80 or 90, or perhaps even 95 signatures. dustrial uses without impairment of flood cause several persons watched him take There he stands. He has lived and control for Trinidad." it down. Yet, when the report of the worked with us all these years. He has Mr. MILLIKIN . . Mr. President, the hearings came out, the statements I had worked alongside me in the Committee engineers have made a study-- made were not in the hearings. I think on Commerce day after day and year Mr. OVERTON. Mr. President, is the the only way to settle the question as to after year. I wish to say to him that he Senator now offering that amendment? whether the Senator from Louisiana is should not be disturbed. The founda­ Mr. MILLIKIN. I am offering it now right or whether I am right-and I think tions of our respect and confidence are because I understand that there will b8 I am-would be to get the original notes not to be taken away by the pride of a no objection to it, and I wished to get of the reporter and have the exact state­ rooster, or even an old hen carrying it behind us. ment printed in the RECORD, where all of around a little chicken. Mr. OVERTON. There is an amend­ us could see it. I like to think sometimes about the ment ripe for action, 'namely, the com­ One other thing which I would sug­ deeper things. Men do build their char­ mittee amendment on page 4, after line gest is that the Senator from North acters and their lives on the rock, and 13. Has that amendment been acted Carolina submit to us, for the RECORD, the storms may come and the winds may upon? the request he made of the various de­ blow, but the house stands. Let me say The PRESIDING OFFICER. The partments for report on the St. Law­ to the Senator from Louisiana that the Chair advises the Senator from Louisiana rence bill, so that all of us may learn house of his character and the house of that that amendment is pending at this on what dates the requests were made. the high esteem in which he lives by time. I realize that some of them came in our assent, will stand the tornadoes and Mr. OVERTON. I believe that all dis­ late. But I realize that in April it was hurricanes. He need not be troubled cussion is completed in reference to that announced that all the reports were in, at the little superficial criticisms and amendment, and that all the Chair would and 2 or 3 months later it was an­ quarrels which blow around the great need to do would be to put the question. nounced that there were some yet to rock. They are but fleeting breaths of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The come in. I wonder whether some of the the moment. question is on agreeing to the amend­ requests were made after the others The great winds blow across the ment offered on behalf of the committee, were made. world. Today we breathe air which 3 on page 4 after line 13. Mr. BAILEY. Mr. President, I think days ago was in the South Pacific. To­ The amendment was agreed to. that may be true. We did not know how morrow we shall breathe air which many· departments were interested at Mr. MILLIKIN. Mr. President, we first, and I am not prepared to say to just crossed the Sahara Desert 4 days ago; have had a bad flood condition at Trini­ and another day we shall be breathing what departments we wrote. On tLc dad, and the engineers have devised what whole matter, the usual routine was fol­ air which comes from the Arctic. The they think are preventive measures, great winds and hurricanes may come, lowed. The bill came in. When a bill which are largely confined to the city of comes in, the clerk sends it to the de­ and we may have local tornadoes; but it Trinidad. When further studies are would require something more than the partment which we think is concerned. made it may seem advisable to build a But if, later on, another department ex­ breath of suspicion, or t4e attack of a dam or two which might also have ir­ momentary and personal impatience, presses a desire to be heard, we write to rigation significance upstream from that department. No one is denied an ev~n to make the Senator from Louisiana Trinidad. As I understand, the amend­ aware that a breeze was stirring. . opportunity to be heard. But I cannot ment which I have offered would not in­ tell when a bill first comes to the com­ Mr. CLARK o.f Missouri. Mr. Presi­ crease the cost. It has the approval of mittee how many departments will desire dent, the illuminative questions asked the engineers, and I understand that the to come before the committee regard­ me by the Senator from Louisiana and distinguished senior Senator from Loui­ ing it. the Senator from North Carolina, which siana will consent to the amendment . . My impression is that the ~avy De­ really do not require an answer, obviate Mr. OVERTON. Has the Senator a partment and the War Department were the necessity of any statement on my copy of the amendment? I have not had belated in letting us know they were part. an opportunity to read it. Perhaps it interested. My impression was that the Mr. MILLIKIN. Mr. President, will would be better to have the amendment only departments -interested were the the Senator yield? go over. Commerce Department and the State Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I shall be Mr. MILLIKIN. Very well. Department-the Secretary of State. glad to yield the floor as soon as I yield The PRLSIDING OFFICER. The But I would not be able to say how many to the Senator from Colorado, although amendment will be printed and lie on departments answered. I realize that I yield the floor when I the table. However, if the Senator wishes to go yield to him. Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, I had not to the committee room and see the Mr. MILLIKIN. I should like to ask intended to say anything further in reply record, he will be welcome to do so. the distinguished Senator to yield to me to the Senator from Louisiana [Mr. · Mr. AIKEN. In view of the Senator's for the purpose of submitting a non­ OVERTON] and the Senator from North statement that the requests very likely controversial amendment. Carolina [Mr. BAILEY] . I did not under­ were made from time to time of the vari­ Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I am glad to· stand that they said anything which re­ ous departments, I withdraw any request yield for that purpose, and then I shall futed what I read. I read quotations I made that the letters be presented. be glad to yield the floor. from statements or addresses by the Sen­ Mr. BURTON. Mr. President, I call up Mr. MILLIKIN. On behalf of the ator from Louisiana himself. a noncontroversial amendment relating distinguished senior Senator from Colo­ However, in respect to one matter to Leatherwood Creek, Ohio. rado [Mr. JOHNSON] and myself, I offer which was brought up, the Senator from an amendment which ·I send to the desk Louisiana disagreed with me. That was The PRESIDING OFFICER. The and ask to have read. the statement I have made, that I had amendment will be stated. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The asked for some time--an hour-before Mr. BURTON. As I have said, Mr. amendment will be stated. the Committee on Commerce for the pur­ President, there is nothing controversial The CHIEF CLERK. On page 16, at the pose of offering the St. Lawrence seaway about the amendment. end of line 20, it is proposed to change measure as an amendment to the river The CHIEF CLERK. On page 38, be­ the period to a colon and add the fol­ and harbor bill. The Senator from tween lines 11 and 12, it is proposed to lowing: ..,Provided, That the project may Louisiana disagrees with me, and he says insert the following: be modified to include storage in reser­ I made no statement as to that. If the Leatherwood Creek, Ohio, with particular voirs upstream from Trinidad if the Sec­ Senator from Minnesota were present, reference to flood control and water supply retary of War and the Chie~ of Engineers he would agree with me that we appeared for Cambridge, Ohio. 8384: CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE NOVEMBER 24 The PRESIDING OFFICER. The DEPARTMENT· OF THE INTERIOR, REG­ Maude M. Fleming, Graham, Mo. Office question is on agreeing to the amend­ ISTER OF LAND OF'FIC~NOMINATION became Presidential July 1, 1944. ment offered by the Senator from Ohio. PASSED OVER MONTANA The amendment was agreed to. The legislative clerk read the nomi­ Oscar L. Henry, Belfry, Mont. Office ·be­ EXECUTIVE SESSION nation of Richard McElligott of Rose­ came Presidential July 1, 1943. Mr. OVERTON. Mr. President, it is burg, Oreg., to be register of the land NEW JERSEY office. Peter Klapmuts, Oak Ridge, N. J. Office apparent that we can accomplish very became Presidential July 1, 1944. little more, if anything, this· evening; and Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, in view the hour is now late. Therefore I move of the fact that the senior Senator from NEW YORK that the Senate proceed to consider exec­ Oregon [Mr. HoLMAN] was not present Thomas J . Tighe, Jr., Amsterdam, N.Y., in utive business. when the nomination was considered in place of W. A. Gardner, deceased. The motion was agreed to; and the the com-mittee, and the fact that I under­ John A. Bush, Hartwick, N. Y., in place of stand he will be present when the Senate C. 0. Weidman, deceased. Senate proceeded to consider executive Frances A. Kinney, Locke, N. Y., in place business. meets next week, I ask that the nomina- tion be passed over. / of G. S. Mackey, transferred. EXECUTIVE MESSAGE REFERRED· The ,PRESIDING OFFICER. The Helen M. Cronk, Staatsburg, N.Y., in place of J. J. Finan, r~moved. The PRESIDING OFFICER CMr. HILL nomination will be passed over. in the chair) laid before the Senate a That completes the calendar. PENNSYLVANIA message from the President of the United Mr. OVERTON. I ask unanimous con­ Howard C . .Philson, Berlin, Pa., in place of States submitting sundry nominations, E. B. Walker, deceased. sent that the President be immediately Frederick E. Riegner, Garrett Hill, Pa. Of­ which was referred to the appropriate notifled of the confirmation of the nomi­ fice became Presidential July 1, 1944. committee. nations acted upon today. Anna C. O'Mara, Laceyville, Pa., in place of CFor nominations this day received, see The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without J. J. O'Mara, deceased. the end of Senate proceedings.) objection, the President will be notified • Joseph T. Qualters, McKeesport, Pa., in EXECUTIVE REPORTS OF COMMITTEES forthwith of all nominations confirmed place of Alexander Rankin, deceased. today. Birtus B. McDowell, Mineral Springs, Pa. The following favorable· reports of Office became Presidential Juiy 1, 1944. nominations were submitted: RECESS TO MONDAY SOUTH CAROLINA By Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts, from Mr. OVERTON. As in legislative ses­ Robert R. DuRant, Jr., Manning, S.C., in the Committee on Naval Affairs: sion, I move that the Senate take a re­ place of J. S. Bagnal, transferred. Sundry officers for appointment and; or promotion for temporary service in the Navy cess until Monday next at 1-2 o'clock noon. TEXAS and the Naval Reserve. The motion was agreed to; and (at 4 Ruth Finley, Aquilla, Tex. Office became By Mr. CHANDLER, from the Committee o'clock and 36 minutes p.m.) the Senate Presidential July 1, 1944. on Military Affairs: took a recess until Monday, November 27, Catherine H. Bannister, Old Ocean, Tex. Sundry officers for temporary appointment 1944, at 12 o'clock meridian. Office became Presidential October 1, 1944. in the Army of the United States, under the Jesse M. Robbins, Raymondville, Tex., in provisions of law. place of L. 0. Robbins, resigned. NOMINATIONS The FRESIDING OFFICER. If there Nelson G. Hargett, Weslaco, Tex., in place be no further reports of committees, the Executive nominations received by the of Clifton Davenport, resigned. clerk will state the nominations on the Senate, November 24 (legislative day of WISCONSIN "calendar. November 21), 1944: Leona R. Johnson, Danbury, Wis., in place FOREIGN SERVICE POSTMASTERS of L. R. Baker, resigned. The following-named persons to be post­ The legislative clerk read the nomi­ masters: nation of Jefferson Caffery, of Louisiana, CONFIRMATIONS ARKANSAS Executive nominations confirmed by to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Myrtle Cunningham, Calion, Ark. Office Plenipotentiary of the United States of became Presidential July 1, 1943. the Senate November 24 (legislative ~ay America to France. Howard E. Powell, Gurdon, Ark., in place of November 21) , 1944: The PRESIDING OFFICER. . With­ of I. A. Blakely, resigned. FOREIGN SERVICE out objection, the nomination is con­ HAWAll Jefferson Caffery to be Ambassador Extraor­ firmed. Arthur Chong Kong, Halaula, T. H. Office dinary and Plenipotentiary of the United The legislative clerk read the nomina­ became Presidential July 1, 1943. States of America to France. Waldo E. Bailey to be Foreign Service offi­ tion of Waldo E. Bailey, of Mississippi, IDAHO to be Foreign Service officer of -class 7, cer of class 7, a secr.etary in the Diplomatic a secretary in the Diplomatic Service, Verna Uletta Olson, Fruitland, Idaho, in Servi~e. and a consul of the United States of pla~e of L. R. Hollenbeck, retired. and a consul of the United States of America. America. INDIANA The PRESIDING OFFiCER. With­ Bessie Boston, Lewis, Ind. Office became out objection, the nomination is con­ Presidential July 1, 1944. firmed. MAINE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Pearl S. Robinson, Chebeague Island, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA-NOMINATION Maine. Office became President ial July 1, FRIDAY, NovEMBER 24, 1944 PASSED OVER 1944. The House met at 12 o'clock noon. The legislative clerk read the nomina­ MARYLAND The Chaplain, Rev. James . Shera tion of Guy Mason, of the District of Gilbert F. Murphy, Laurel, Md., in place Columbia, to be Commissioner of the Dis­ of E. H. S. Boss, resigned. Montgomery, D. D., offered the follow­ ing prayer: trict of Columbia 'for a term of 3 years, MICHIGAN and until his successor is appointed and M. Adele Zinger, Ruth, Mich., in place of 0 Thou who art the Good Shepherd, qualified. A. C. Cook, resigned. as we go forth to the duties and adven­ Mr. WHITE. Mr. President, I have no MINNESbTA tures of another day, we pray that our personal objection to the confirmation of Earl L. LaPorte, Plllager, Minn., in place le!:oi"s may bring strength and courage the nomination, but at the instance of of C. E. McNair, resigned. to all who need us and to our country another Member of the Senate I am MISSOURI we love; thus may wisdom be justified. obliged to ask that the nomination go Opal B. McCann, Cooter, Mo. Office be­ Thou Blessed Spirit which develops the over. came Presidential July 1, 1943. hidden sources of the soul, direct us to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Edward R. Sinnott, Edina, Mo., in place of disseminate knowledge and understand­ nomination will be passed over. Charles Shumate, retired. ing among our fellow countrymen that