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Ataturk, Founder Or Turkish Republic THE FOUNDER OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY AND THE FIRST PRESIDENT ATATÜRK Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was born in 1881 in Selanka a three-storey pink house in Kocakasım Quarter, Islâhhâne Street. His father is Ali Riza Efendi and his mother is Zübeyde Hanim. Hafiz Ahmet Efendi dedicates by the father XIV-XV. Kocacık Yörüklerindi placed in Macedonia from Konya and Aydin centuries. Ms. Annu Zubeyde is the daughter of a former Turkish family who settled in the town of Langaza near Salonika. Ali Riza Efendi, who served as a militia officer, an evkaf cleric and lumber trader, married Zübeyde Hanim in 1871. Four of Atatürk's five siblings died at an early age, only Makbule (Atatürk) lived until 1956. When the age of small Mustafa learning came, learning started in Hafez Mehmet Efendi's neighborhood municipality, then at the request of his father Şemsi Efendi Mektebi. Meanwhile, he lost his father (1888). After staying with his uncle at Rapla Farm for a while, he returned to Salonika and finished school. Selannik registered for the Rüstiyesi. Shortly thereafter he entered the Military High School in 1893. In this school, Mathematics teacher added "Kemal" in the name of Mustafa Bey. In 1896-1899, he completed the Military Admission of the Monastery and began studying at the Military Academy in Istanbul. In 1902 he graduated with the rank of lieutenant, continued to the War Academy. On January 11, 1905, he completed the Academy with the rank of captain. From 1905 to 1907 he served at the command of the 5th Army in Damascus. In 1907, he became a Captain (Senior Captain). Monastery III. He was appointed to the army. On April 19, 1909, he served as Chief of Staff in the Movement Army, which entered Istanbul. It was sent to France in 1910. She joined the Picardie Maneuvers. In 1911 he started to work under the command of the General Staff in Istanbul. Mustafa Kemal took part in the Tobruk and Derne region with a group of friends in the battle that started with the attack of Italians in Tripoli in 1911. On December 22, 1911, he won the Tobruk War against the Italians. On March 6, 1912, he was brought to the Commander of the Association. When the Balkan War broke out in October 1912, Mustafa Kemal joined the battle with Gallipoli and Bolayir. Dimetoka and Edirne's great service was seen back. In 1913 he was appointed to Sofia. In 1914, when he was in this position, he became a paramilitary. His military task ended in January 1915. In the meantime, the First World War began, the Ottoman Empire had to enter the war. Mustafa Kemal was assigned to Tekirdağ to build a 19th generation. In World War I, which started in 1914, Mustafa Kemal wrote a heroic legend in Çanakkale and told entente states "Canakkale is inaccessible!" On 18 March 1915 the English and French navy, which crossed the Dardanelles Strait, gave heavy losses and decided to release soldiers to the Gallipoli Peninsula. On April 25, 1915, the 19th Division, commanded by Mustafa Kemal, stopped enemy forces from Arıburnu in Conkbayiri. Mustafa Kemal rose to colonialism on this success. The British attacked again in Arıburnu on August 6-7, 1915. Anafartalar Group Commander Mustafa Kemal won the victory of Anafartalar in August 9-10. This victory on August 17 in Kireçtepe, on August 21 in II. Anafartalar followed the triumphs. The Turkish nation who gave about 253,000 martyrs in the Gallipoli Wars knew about protecting the honor against the Entente States. Mustafa Kemal's soldiers, "I do not command you to attack, I command to die!" The order changed the fate of Cephe. Mustafa Kemal took part in the Edirne and Diyarbakir in 1916 after the Gallipoli Wars. On April 1, 1916, he became a major general. He fought against the Russian forces and provided Mus and Bitlis back. After his brief duties in Damascus and Aleppo, he arrived in Istanbul in 1917. He went to Germany with Velihat Vahidettin Efendi and was in the fronts. He was sick after this tour. He went to Vienna and Karisbad for treatment. On August 15, 1918 he returned to Aleppo as the 7th Army Commander. He made successful defensive battles against British forces on this front. One day after the signing of the Mondros Armistice, on October 31, 1918, it was brought to the Commander of the Lightning Orders Group. Upon the removal of this army, on November 13, 1918, he came to Istanbul and started to see the religion of Harbiye (in his ministry). After the Armistice of Mondros, the Entente States began to invade the Ottoman armies; Mustafa Kemal went to Samsun on May 19, 1919 as the 9th Army Inspector. On June 22, 1919, he published a declaration in Amasya that he declared that "the nation will save the independence of the nation once again and determination" and invited the Sivas Congress to the meeting. Between 23 July and 7 August 1919, Erzurum gathered the Sivas Congress between 4 and 11 September 1919, enabling the determination of the way to be followed for the emancipation of the country. He was enthusiastically welcomed in Ankara on 27 December 1919. On 23 April 1920, an important step was taken towards the establishment of the Republic of Turkey with the opening of the Turkish Grand National Assembly. Mustafa Kemal was elected as President of the Parliament and the Government The Turkish Grand National Assembly began to adopt and implement the necessary legislation for the successful conclusion of the War of Independence. The Turkish War of Independence began on 15 May 1919 when the first shot was thrown at the enemy during the Greek invasion of Izmir. On August 10, 1920, they signed the Treaty of Sevres and fought against the victorious states of the First World War, which shared the Ottoman Empire, with the militia forces called Kuvâ-yi Milliye. The Turkish Grand National Assembly established a regular army, Kuvâ-yi National-army integration ensured the war victory. The important steps of the Turkish War of Independence under Mustafa Kemal are: The rescue of Sarıkamış (20 September 1920), Kars (30 October 1920) and Gümrü (7 November 1920). Cukurova, Gazi Antep, Kahraman Maraş Şanlı Urfa defenses (1919-1921) I. Inonu Victory (6 - 10 January 1921) II. Inonu Victory (March 23-April 1, 1921) Sakarya Victory (August 23-September 13, 1921) Major Offensive, Commander-in-Chief's Majesty and Great Victory (26 August 9 September 1922) After the Sakarya Victory, on September 19, 1921, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey gave Mustafa Kemal the rank of Marshal and the title of Gazi. The War of Independence was concluded with the Treaty of Lausanne signed on 24 July 1923. Thus, there were no obstacles for the establishment of a new Turkish state based on national unity on the territory of Turkey, which had been shattered by the Treaty of Sevr and left homeland of 5-6 provinces. The foundation of the Republic of Turkey was announced with the opening of the Turkish Grand National Assembly in Ankara on 23 April 1920. Successful ruling of the Turkish National Liberation War accelerated the foundation of the new Turkish state. On November 1, 1922, the caliphate and the sultanate were separated and the sultanate was abolished. Thus, the administrative ties with the Ottoman Empire were cut off. On October 13, 1923, the Republican administration was accepted and Atatürk was elected the first president by unanimity. On October 30, 1923, İsmet İnönü established the first government of the Republic. The Republic of Turkey has begun to rise on "the sovereignty unconditionally of the nation" and "peace at home" Ataturk revolutionized Turkey in order to "bring it to the level of contemporary civilization". We can gather these revolutions under five headings: 1. Political Revolutions: · Abolition of the Sultanate (1 November 1922) · Proclamation of the Republic (October 29, 1923) · Removal of the Halifax (March 3, 1924) 2. Social Revolutions: · Equal rights for women to men (1926-1934) · Hats and clothes revolution (25 November 1925) · Closure of Tekke Zaiviye and Türbeler (November 30, 1925) · Surname law (21 June 1934) · Removal of names and titles (November 26, 1934) · Adoption of international time, calendar and length measures (1925-1931), 3. The Law Revolution: · Removal of Mecellen (1924-1937) · Transition to the secular law system by removing the Turkish Civil Code and other laws (1924- 1937) 4. Educational and Cultural Revolutions: · Integration of teaching (March 3, 1924) · Adoption of new Turkish letters (1 November 1928) · Establishment of Turkish Language and History Institutions (1931-1932) · Organization of university education (May 31, 1933) · Innovations in fine arts 5. Revolutions in the Field of Economy: · Removal of the case · Encouragement of the farmer · Establishment of sample farms · Establishment of industrial establishments by removing the Industrial Promotion Law · I. and II. Implementation of the Development Plans (1933-1937), new ways of accommodation According to the Law of Surname, 24th of November 1934, Mustafa Kemal's "Atatürk" surname was given to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. Atatürk was elected as the President of the Turkish Grand National Assembly on 24 April 1920 and 13 August 1923. This presidential role was at the level of the State-Government. October 29, 1923, the Republic was declared and Atatürk was elected the first president. According to the Constitution, the presidential elections were renewed every four years. In 1927, 1931, 1935, the Turkish Grand National Assembly elected Ataturk to the presidency again. Atatürk frequently visited dormitories and supervised state studies on the spot. He gave orders about directions that were not relevant.
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