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Full Book PDF Download General editor: Andrew S. Thompson Founding editor: John M. MacKenzie When the ‘Studies in Imperialism’ series was founded more than twenty-five years ago, emphasis was laid upon the conviction that ‘imperialism as a cultural phenomenon had as significant an effect on the dominant as on the subordinate societies’. With well over a hundred titles now published, this remains the prime concern of the series. Cross-disciplinary work has indeed appeared covering the full spectrum of cultural phenomena, as well as examining aspects of gender and sex, frontiers and law, science and the environment, language and literature, migration and patriotic societies, and much else. Moreover, the series has always wished to present comparative work on European and American imperialism, and particularly welcomes the submission of books in these areas. The fascination with imperialism, in all its aspects, shows no sign of abating, and this series will continue to lead the way in encouraging the widest possible range of studies in the field. ‘Studies in Imperialism’ is fully organic in its development, always seeking to be at the cutting edge, responding to the latest interests of scholars and the needs of this ever-expanding area of scholarship. Beyond the state SELECTED TITLES AVAILABLE IN THE SERIES WRITING IMPERIAL HISTORIES ed. Andrew S. Thompson MUSEUMS AND EMPIRE Natural history, human cultures and colonial identities John M. MacKenzie MISSIONARY FAMILIES Race, gender and generation on the spiritual frontier Emily J. Manktelow THE COLONISATION OF TIME Ritual, routine and resistance in the British Empire Giordano Nanni BRITISH CULTURE AND THE END OF EMPIRE ed. Stuart Ward SCIENCE, RACE RELATIONS AND RESISTANCE Britain, 1870–1914 Douglas A. Lorimer GENTEEL WOMEN Empire and domestic material culture, 1840−1910 Dianne Lawrence EUROPEAN EMPIRES AND THE PEOPLE Popular responses to imperialism in France, Britain, the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany and Italy ed. John M. MacKenzie SCIENCE AND SOCIETY IN SOUTHERN AFRICA ed. Saul Dubow Beyond the state THE COLONIAL MEDICAL S E RV I C E IN BRITISH AFRICA Edited by Anna Greenwood MANCHESTER UNIVERSITY PRESS Copyright © Manchester University Press 2016 While copyright in the volume as a whole is vested in Manchester University Press, copyright in individual chapters belongs to their respective authors. This electronic version has been made freely available under a Creative Commons (CC-BY- NC-ND) licence, thanks to the support of Knowledge Unlatched, which permits non- commercial use, distribution and reproduction provided the author(s) and Manchester University Press are fully cited and no modifications or adaptations are made. Details of the licence can be viewed at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Published by Manchester University Press Altrincham Street, Manchester M1 7JA www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for ISBN 978 0 7190 8967 1 hardback First published 2016 The publisher has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for any external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Typeset by Servis Filmsetting Ltd, Stockport Cheshire J International Ltd, Padstow CONTENTS Notes on contributors—vi Acknowledgements—viii 1 Introduction: looking beyond the state Anna Greenwood 1 2 Crossing the divide: medical missionaries and government service in Uganda, 1897–1940 Yolana Pringle 19 3 The government medical service and British missions in colonial Malawi, c.1891–1940: crucial collaboration, hidden conflicts Markku Hokkanen 39 4 The maintenance of hegemony: the short history of Indian doctors in the Colonial Medical Service, British East Africa Anna Greenwood and Harshad Topiwala 64 5 The Colonial Medical Service and the struggle for control of the Zanzibar Maternity Association, 1918–47 Anna Greenwood 85 6 Elder Dempster and the transport of lunatics in British West Africa Matthew M. Heaton 104 7 Social disease and social science: the intellectual influence of non-medical research on policy and practice in the Colonial Medical Service in Tanganyika and Uganda Shane Doyle 126 8 Cooperation and competition: missions, the colonial state and constructing a health system in colonial Tanganyika Michael Jennings 153 Bibliography—174 Index—193 [ v ] NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS Shane Doyle is Senior Lecturer in African History at the University of Leeds. His publications on the history of demography, environmental change, ethnicity, medicine and sexuality include two monographs, Crisis and Decline in Bunyoro: Population and Environment in Western Uganda 1860–1955 (Oxford, James Currey and Athens OH, Ohio University Press, 2006) and Before HIV: Sexuality, Fertility and Mortality in East Africa, 1900–1980 (London, British Academy and Oxford University Press, 2013). He has also edited a collected volume with Henri Médard, Slavery in the Great Lakes Region of East Africa (Ohio University Press, 2007). Anna Greenwood is Assistant Professor in the History of British Imperialism at the University of Nottingham. She has published widely on the history of the Colonial Medical Service in Africa, medical impressions of the African climate and the theoretical uses of history in other social science disciplines. She has two monographs, Practising Colonial Medicine: The Colonial Medical Service in British East Africa (London, I.B. Tauris, 2007 [under the name of Crozier]) and with Harshad Topiwala, Indian Doctors in Kenya: The Forgotten Story, 1895–1940 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2015). Matthew M. Heaton is Assistant Professor in the Department of History at Virginia Tech. His research interests revolve around the intersections of nationalism, globalisation, and health in twentieth century Nigeria. He is the author of Black Skin, White Coats: Nigerian Psychiatrists, Decolonization, and the Globalization of Psychiatry (Athens OH, Ohio University Press, 2013), and the co-author of A History of Nigeria (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2008). He is also the author of several articles and book chapters as well as co- editor of several volumes on health and illness in African history. Markku Hokkanen is a Docent and Senior Lecturer at the Department of History and Ethnology, University of Jyväskylä. His research deals with the cultural, social and intellectual histories of medicine and health in the modern era, with a focus on colonial Africa (particularly Malawi) and the British Empire. His publications include Medicine and Scottish Missionaries in the Northern Malawi Region, 1875–1930 (The Edwin Mellen Press, 2007) and ‘Imperial Networks, Colonial Bioprospecting and Burroughs Wellcome & Co’ (Social History of Medicine, 25, 3, [ vi ] CONTRIBUTORS 2012). Hokkanen’s current research interests are mobility, networks and the making of medical knowledge in the imperial age. Michael Jennings is Senior Lecturer in International Development at SOAS, University of London. He is also Chair of the Centre of African Studies, University of London. Michael has published widely on the history of development in East Africa, linking historical themes into contemporary development practice and theory. His work has a par- ticular focus on the role of non-state actors (especially non-governmen- tal organisations, faith-based organisations and missionary societies) in development and service delivery, and their relations with states, donors and the communities in which they work. He also writes on historical and contemporary issues relating to health and healing in Africa. Yolana Pringle is a Mellon-Newton Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the University of Cambridge. Her research interests include the history of psychiatry and mental health, humanitarian intervention, and East African social history. She has published articles in the Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences and the Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, and is currently writing a monograph on the development of mental health care in Uganda. Harshad Topiwala is an Honorary Research Fellow at the School of History in the University of Kent, UK. He has a keen interest in the history of the British Empire and has actively researched colonial medicine for a decade. The findings have been presented in a number of international conferences and the research published in a monograph (with Anna Greenwood), Indian Doctors in Kenya: The Forgotten Story, 1895–1940 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2015). Harshad has lived and worked in a number of countries as a senior executive employed by the multinational oil company Shell. He has also been a non-executive Board member, Vice Chair and Chair of NHS Trusts in the UK. [ vii ] ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This book is very much a group effort and without the insights provided by its contributors it would certainly not have come to fruition. Where authors have wanted to thank individuals for providing support they have had the opportunity to do so at the end of their chapter. As the general editor I personally would like to extend my particular thanks to Ryan Johnson for providing the impetus to start this book and for acting as a very good sounding board for its ideas. I also thank my colleagues within the sub-discipline of medical history, many of whom, whether they know it or not (!), directly helped to further my ideas for this
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