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Zoosystema 29(1) Non-availability of a name electronically published: the case of Adamas Huber, 1979 (Pisces, Cyprinodontiformes, Nothobranchiidae), invalidly replaced on the Internet Jean H. HUBER Corresponding member, Ichtyologie, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) [email protected] Huber J. H. 2007. — Non-availability of a name electronically published: the case of Adamas Huber, 1979 (Pisces, Cyprinodontiformes, Nothobranchiidae), invalidly replaced on the Internet. Zoosystema 29 (1) : 209-214. ABSTRACT A discussion on the nomenclatural status of electronic publications and on the procedures of replacement names, following the recent availability of Nomenclator Zoologicus on-line, is forwarded, to avoid deviations from the International Code KEY WORDS of Zoological Nomenclature rules and code of ethics. Th e case of Adamas Huber, Zoological 1979 (Pisces), preoccupied by Adamas Malaise, 1945, a genus in Hymenoptera, nomenclature, electronic publications, and invalidly replaced on the Internet, is presented. Adamans n. nom. is proposed Adamans n. nom., to replace Adamas. Th e derived family-group name, Adamantini Huber, 2000, Adamansini n. nom., Adamas, also changes to Adamansini n. nom. Finally, a short discussion is provided on Adamantini. the opportunity/risk of the Internet use for nomenclatural acts in zoology. RÉSUMÉ Non-disponibilité d’un nom publié électroniquement : le cas d’Adamas Huber, 1979 (Pisces, Cyprinodontiformes, Nothobranchiidae), remplacé de manière invalide sur internet. Une discussion sur le statut nomenclatural des publications électroniques et sur les procédures de remplacement des noms, suite à la récente mise à disposition du Nomenclator Zoologicus sur internet, est engagée pour éviter des MOTS CLÉS détournements des règles du Code international de nomenclature zoologique et de Nomenclature son code d’éthique. L’exemple d’Adamas Huber, 1979 (Pisces), préoccupé par zoologique, publications Adamas Malaise, 1945, un genre d’Hymenoptera, mais remplacé de manière électroniques, invalide sur internet, est présenté. Adamans n. nom. est proposé pour remplacer Adamans n. nom., Adamas. Le nom du groupe-famille dérivé, Adamantini Huber, 2000, devient Adamansini n. nom., Adamas, Adamansini n. nom. Les avantages/risques de l’utilisation d’internet pour des Adamantini. actes nomenclaturaux en zoologie sont brièvement discutés. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2007 • 29 (1) © Publications Scientifi ques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. www.zoosystema.com 209 Huber J. H. INTRODUCTION constitutes published work within the meaning of the Code: [...] 9.8. text or illustrations distributed by means of electronic Th e problem of names fi rst proposed on the In- signals (e.g. by means of the World Wide Web)”. ternet (web sites, blogs, e-magazines, e-mailing, Even more, the Code recommends (Recommenda- newsgroups, etc.) is a recent key issue in zoological tion 8B) that a new scientifi c name or nomenclatural nomenclature and will become more and more act is fi rst published in a printed work. important with the development of that media. For example, if a new name is proposed in a web- Even though the relevant dispositions of the lat- site page or a PDF fi le (downloadable or attached est edition of the International Code of Zoological to an e-mail), and if the author does not clearly Nomenclature (ICZN 1999 hereafter called the Code) state that he will produce a CD-rom or a printed are clear on the matter, current practices sometimes version of the same work, and deposit it in at least contradict the rules and recommendations of the fi ve major public institutions, such a new name is Code. Th is may result in increased confusion in not considered as available. zoological nomenclature, which could fi nally be highly detrimental to systematics. Th is paper stems from a specifi c case, the fi sh ge- THE ISSUE OF NAME REPLACEMENT nus Adamas Huber, 1979 for which a replacement PROCEDURES WITH THE NEW ONLINE name has been proposed in Munis, an Internet-based AVAILABILITY OF NOMENCLATOR magazine. It fi rst describes the International Com- ZOOLOGICUS mission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) rules regulating electronic publications, and the ethical Th e recent online availability of the major text book issues pertaining to the replacement of preoccupied Nomenclator Zoologicus (since December 1, 2004 and, names within the environment of the Internet era expanded, since September 22, 2005, at http://uio.mbl. communication facilities (e.g., availability of No- edu/NomenclatorZoologicus) has consistently changed menclator Zoologicus online). Th e example of Adamas the process of replacing homonyms in zoology. Indeed, and its nomenclatural solution are then described. it is extremely easy with this on-line tool to determine if Finally, issues pertaining to the use of the Internet a name is preoccupied and if the homonymy has been for nomenclatural acts in zoology are raised. reviewed by a third party or not. Th ese informations are directly viewable on-line for each name with an “Homonym Mapping” tool in addition; unreplaced NEW NAMES PROPOSED ON THE homonyms, such as Adamas, are labelled as “Homonym INTERNET OR ON ELECTRONIC FILES yes, Corrected no”. As easily accessible as it is now, this information is of great help for taxonomists, as According to the current Code (ICZN 1999), valid it is a guarantee to avoid homonyms in the future (if from January 1, 2000, a new name proposed on universally known). It may however be misused (see the Internet or on electronic fi les is available if, below), especially if the code of ethics of the ICZN is and only if, it complies with articles 8.6 and 9.8, not taken into consideration. Th is code states : as quoted hereafter: “3. A zoologist should not publish a new replacement “8.6. Works produced after 1999 by a method that does name (a nomen novum) or other substitute name for a not employ printing on paper. For a work produced after junior homonym when the author of the latter is alive; 1999 by a method other than printing on paper to be that author should be informed of the homonymy and accepted as published within the meaning of the Code, be allowed a reasonable time (at least a year) in which it must contain a statement that copies (in the form in to establish a substitute name. which it is published) have been deposited in at least 5 4. No author should propose a name that, to his or her major publicly accessible libraries which are identifi ed knowledge or personal belief, would be likely to give by name in the work itself. [...] off ence on any grounds. [...] 9. What does not constitute published work. Notwith- 6. Editors and other responsible for the publication of standing the provisions of Article 8, none of the following zoological papers should avoid publishing any material 210 ZOOSYSTEMA • 2007 • 29 (1) Non-availability of a name electronically published which appears to them to contain a breach of the above Herein, the name Adamans n. nom. is proposed as principles”. a substitute generic name for Adamas Huber, 1979. Replacement of a preoccupied name should Th e type species remains Adamas formosus Huber, better be performed by the author of the name, 1979. Th e selection of the new name, with a spelling and editorial boards should at least be aware of very close to the previous name, has been guided by the problem. conservative principles because the previous name was very well accepted and used in publications. Etymology: diamond, steel-blue (from Latin: THE SPECIFIC CASE OF ADAMAS Adamans, derived from Greek, initially used in HUBER, 1979 Adamas, with the same meaning), in reference to the unique white-blue brilliant heart-shaped frontal Adamas Huber, 1979 (Huber 1979) was erected to spot. Gender: masculine. include a new fi sh species from the Congo basin. Th e family-group name Adamantini Huber, 2000 Th is taxon has been immediately and unanimously proposed for the family level taxon containing Adamas accepted as a distinct genus of cyprinodontiformes is also invalid, according to Article 39 of the Code: fi shes, along with new morphological, osteological, “Th e name of a family-group taxon is invalid if the behavioural and biogeographical studies (Scheel & name of its type genus is a junior homonym or has Romand 1981; Parenti 1982; Van der Zee 1990; Hu- been totally or partially suppressed [...] by the Com- ber 1998, 2005) and was indexed as valid in all general mission. If that family-group name is in use it must or specialized catalogues (e.g., Wildekamp et al. 1986; be replaced either by the next oldest available name Wildekamp 1993; Poll & Gosse 1995; Eschmeyer from among its synonyms [...], including the names 1998; Huber 2000; Lazara 2001; Wildekamp & Van of its subordinate family-group taxa, or, if there is no der Zee 2004). However, Adamas is preoccupied. such synonym, by a new name based on the valid Th e name was fi rst published by Malaise (1945), for name (whether a synonym or a new replacement name a genus in Hymenoptera, itself a replacement name (nomen novum)) of the former type genus”. for another preoccupied name, Dinax Konow, 1897. Th en, because of a lack of synonyms and because Th e genus Adamas Malaise, 1945 has been studied the stem of Adamans, Adamant-, remains the same recently (Wei 2004) and considered as valid, with as for the preoccupied name, the new name Ada- the description of new species from China. mansini n. nom. is here proposed. Th e selection Late 2005, a team of scientists from Gazi Üniver- of the new name, with a very close spelling to the sitesi, Ankara, Turkey, submitted an article to a previous name, has been guided on conservative brand new in-house Internet-based magazine, Munis principles to minimise the change in nomenclature.
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