Check List 9(2): 246–256, 2013 © 2013 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of lists and distribution pecies S

of of the Salonga National Park (Congo basin, central ists L Africa): A list of species collected in the Luilaka, Salonga, and Yenge Rivers (Equateur Province, Democratic 1 2* Republic of Congo) Raoul J.C. Monsembula Iyaba and Melanie L.J. Stiassny

1 Université de Kinshasa, Faculté[email protected] des Sciences, Département de Biologie,. B.P 190 Kin XI, Democratic Republic of Congo. 2 American Museum of Natural History, Department of Ichthyology, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA. * Corresponding author e-mail: Abstract:

A list of fishes collected in and around the periphery of the Salonga National Park in Equateur Province of the Democratic Republic of Congo is provided. While noteworthy for a wide array of rare and endangered terrestrial vertebrates, the fauna of the Salonga National Park, the largest protected area in Africa, is very poorly known. One hundred and fifty two species distributed in 24 families are reported on here; of which 9 represent putatively undescribed taxa currently under investigation. Lack of up-to-date taxonomic and distributional knowledge of African fishes is particularly acute in the central Congo basin and the present report, while undoubtedly incomplete, provides a foundation for much needed further work in the region.

Introduction et al distribution of fishes throughout central Africa (Stiassny Created by presidential decree in 1970, the Salonga . 2011) provides useful comparative data. That IUCN National Park (SNP)2 is the largest tropical rainforest assessment compiled point data from legacy collections preserve in Africa (UNESCO 2012). Covering an area housed in major museums (Darwell and Smith 2011), of ca. 36,000 km , the SNP is entirely located within the and in particular the large historical holdings of fishes sedimentary “cuvette centrale” of the Congo basin (Evrard from collections made around Mbandaka, Boende, and 1968), where it is divided into two large forest blocks, each Ikela (Figure 1) housed at the Africa Museum, Tervuren, delimited by major waterways (Figure 1). Most of the park and these provide the best available comparative data for is situated about 300 meters above sea level with more- Mfishesaterials in the and vicinity Methods of the SNP. or-less continuous low relief cut by broad, meandering rivers with extensive seasonally flooded, or permanently inundated, riparian zones. The climate is equatorial, The list of species provided here is based on collections hot and humid, with an average annual temperature made during three field expeditions to the SNP and adjacent of 25.5°C, and rainfall of around 1800-2200 mm per regions: the first, from July 3-August 3, 2006 (during year (Hughes and Hughes 1992). The densely forested the main low water season), the second from October landscape (Figure 2A) encompasses a large and complex 28-November 17, 2007 (during the primary flood season), aquatic network that traverses much of the terrestrial and the third between May 19-May 28, 2010 (towards area of the park. Despite the high importance of the the end of the secondary flood season). Transportation region’s fishes for food security and to the local economy, within the SNP is restricted to passage along waterways most of the SNP remains remarkably poorly documented in local pirogues. Due to difficulties of access, collecting ichthyologically. This is undoubtedly a serious impediment was primarily restricted to main channel sites and only a for fisheries management in the region, where increasing few collections were made in peripheral habitats, or in the fishing pressure, and the use of highly destructive fishing many small tributaries and affluent streams. Sites were techniques is of growing concern both outside and inside selected to sample accessible regions of the main river the park’s boundaries (Inogwabini 2005; pers obs.). channels, both inside and outside of the SNP, and subjected For fishes, a single reference (Inogwabini 2005) to varying degrees of anthropogenic impact, from pristine reports on 56 species collected at two sites in the SNP; (e.g., Figure 2B) to marginally degraded and heavily fished one in the northern block at Etate on the Salonga River, (e.g., Figure 2C). Fifteen sites along a total stretch of and the second in the southern block at Lokofa on the approximately 650 km of the Luilaka, Salonga and Yenge Luilaka River. Historical literature for the area is equally Rivers are reported on (Table 1, Figure 1). sparse. Matthes (1964) reported on a series of collections Fishes were collected and euthanized prior to from around Ikela (a settlement on the Tshuapa River preservation in accordance with recommended guidelines some 270 km west of Etate; Figure 1) and that work for the use of fishes in research (AFS/AIFRB/ASIH 2003). remains the primary published reference for the entire All materials are housed in the Ichthyology Department of region. However, a recent assessment of the status and the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), New 246 Monsembula and Stiassny | Fishes of the Salonga National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo

York with a database accessible at http://entheros.amnh. an average width of 60 m, but varies from 40-80 m between Notesorg/db/emuwebamnh/. on Collection Sites Etate (Site 14) and Bomputu (Site 15). Depths at collection sites varies from 3-11 m (depending on season), again with water flow strongest in the main channel during the Sampled sites share similar physical characteristics, dry season. The substrate consists primarily of sand, fine being situated along the banks of the heavily forested mud and detritus, with many large sand bars exposed in Salonga, Yenge, and Luilaka Rivers, with most in seemingly the dry season. During the height of the rainy season a pristine condition. The waters of all three rivers are zone of inundation of about 100 m extends into the forests tea-colored, highly humic, and notably acidic, with low on either side of the main channel. The Yenge River, a large dissolved oxygen and conductivity (Table 2). The Luilaka left bank tributary of the Salonga, is located entirely within River, which delimits the northern boundary of the SNP the SNP. Although the smallest of the three rivers sampled southern block, has an average width of 45 m, varying from in terms of channel width, the zone of inundation of the 30-60 m between Ifumu (Site 1) and Ikala (Site 9). Depths Yenge is by far the greatest, with waters reaching upwards at collection sites range between 2-10 m (depending on of 400 m into the forest during the height of the rains. Site season), the substrate is predominately fine mud, sand, and 3 (Boangi, Figure 2C), Site 11 (Efofa, Figure 2F), and Site detritus, with strong flow in the main channel, particularly 15 (Bomputu, Figure 2H) are located near village docks, during the dry season when waters are restricted within with evidence of forest clearing (mainly for housing and the river channel. At its maximum extent, the zone of fishing hut construction), and with grassy banks replacing inundation rarely reaches more than 100 m into the forest riparian vegetation. onFigure either 1. side of the main channel. The Salonga River has

Site LCoordinatesocality and site data. Coordinates Main River Channel Cover 1 1o o 2 1o o Ifumu 47’31° S, 20 41’18° E Luilaka Dense forest, undisturbed 1o o Bekongo 54’42° S, 20 51’11° E Luilaka Dense forest, undisturbed 2o o 3 Boangi 55’19° S, 20 52’56° E Luilaka Dense forest, some localized disturbance 2o o 4 Kema Asondji 2’12° S, 20 59’48° E Luilaka Dense forest, undisturbed 2o o 5 Bosombangwa 13’27° S, 2 11’6° E Luilaka Dense forest, undisturbed 2o o 6 Ikala (confluence with Lofombo) 36’47° S, 21 13’32° E Luilaka Dense forest, undisturbed 8 2o o 7 Mboko Mboko 30’45° S, 21 22’1° E Luilaka Dense forest, undisturbed 2o o Ilenge 35’47° S, 21 34’36° E Luilaka Dense forest, undisturbed 10 0o o 9 Komba Dumbe 40’15° S, 21 43’15° E Luilaka Dense forest, undisturbed 11 1o o Watshikengo 54’45° S, 2 32’15° E Salonga Dense forest, undisturbed 12 1o o Efofa 1’48° S, 20 43’41° E Yenge/Salonga confluence Dense forest, some localized disturbance 1o o Yenge 1 2’45° S, 20 43’59° E Yenge Dense forest, undisturbed 1o o 13 Boyenga 3’50° S, 20 44’44° E Yenge Dense forest, undisturbed 14 Etate 0o3’18° S, 20o48’38° E Salonga Dense forest, undisturbed Dense forest, some urbanization and 15 Bomputu 28’5° S, 20 8’32° E Salonga disturbance

Figure 1.

The Salonga National Park (shaded grey) and associated drainages in Central Africa, with the locations of Sites 1-15 indicated. 247 Monsembula and Stiassny | Fishes of the Salonga National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo

Fish sampling

to reflect recent taxonomic changes. All fishes were Standard fishing techniques were employed (Lang and collected and exported with permission of the République Baldwin 1996), and included deployment of monofilament Démocratique du Congo, Ministère de l’Environnement, gill nets, traps, dip nets, cast nets, hook and line, and locally Conservation de la Nature, Eaux et Forêts, Direction des made barrage traps (Figure 2H). Additional specimens Ressources Faunistiques et Chasse (Permit #’s 004/ were purchased from fishermen along the river and at SG/ECN-EF/DRFC/06 and 002/SG/ECN-EF/DRFC/08), village markets. and the Ministère de l’Agriculture, Secrétariat Général Taxonomic nomenclature used herein is based primarily à l’Agriculture, Pêche et Elevage, Direction des Pêches on Eschmeyer (2012) but with a few modifications (Permit # 003/2010), which are on file at AMNH.

Figure 2.

Selected localities: A) View of SNP from the air near Site 1, Ifumu; B) Site 2, Bekongo; C) Site 3, Boangi; D) Site 4, Kema Asondji; E) Site 7, Mboko Mboko; F) Site 11, Efofa; G) Site 14, Etate; H) Site 15, Bomputu. 248 Monsembula and Stiassny | Fishes of the Salonga National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo

Results and Discussion Table 2. Water chemistry data.Salonga Yenge Luilaka Parameter River River River (averaged over sites) A total of 2582 individuals belonging to 152 species, sites sites sites distributed in 24 families and 8 orders are represented o in Table 2, with their distribution among sites indicated o Air T C 25 25 24.8 in columns 1–15. In column 16, distribution data from et al Water surface T C 24 23.6 23.8 an IUCN assessment of the status and distribution of Turbidity (FTU) 13 11.4 12.3 central African fishes (Brooks . 2011) are used to Transparency (cm) 60 55 58 indicate which SNP species have previously been known et al. Depth at site (m) 7.2 5.9 6.5 to occur in the vicinity of the park. While comparative data 22 pH 4.8 4.8 4.9 are minimal for the rivers of the SNP itself, Brooks 0 2.1 2.8 Conductivity2 (μs/cm) 26 24 (2011) do provide data on the region’s fishes, mostly with + 0.28 (mg/l) 2.4 historical records from around Mbandaka on the Ruki 2+ 0.22 0.21 0.2 K (mg/l) 0.3 0.3 2+ 0.22 0.21 River, and Boende and Ikela on the Tshuapa River, thereby Ca (mg/l) providing the best available comparison for the SNP list Mg (mg/l) 0.16 provided here. - 1.1 1.2 1.0 Cl (mg/l)2- 1.4 2.4 1.6 Based on these data we recognize 33 species that have 4 0.8 SO - (mg/l) not previously been recorded from the central cuvette 3 NO 3- (mg/l) 0.4 0.5 of the Congo basin (exclusive of the main channel of the PO4 (mg/l) 1.25 1.7 1.5 Congo River), or are known only from isolated regions distant from the rivers of the SNP. Most of these species (Table 3, column 16) represent range extensions within the Congo basin, and a selection of them is illustrated in A Figures 3–5. While the present study has significantly increased the number of species known to occur within the boundaries of the SNP, with few exceptions, the species reported on here are widespread in the region and many occur throughout much of the rain forested central Congo B basin. Regional endemism is seemingly low, possibly due to the extent of currently interconnected, and densely forested habitat throughout most of the cuvette (Chapman 2001), or as a result of repeated climatic shifts resulting C in fluctuating forest contraction and expansion since the Middle Pleistocene (Campbell 2005). Despite the predominance of widespread species in our collections, a number of specimens collected during the course of the present study are not assignable to currently described taxa, and appear to represent undescribed species, D indicating that significant regional endemism may remain to be discovered. A selection of these is illustrated in Figures 6–7, and includes a specimen of psammophilous, dorso-ventrally depressed, and depigmented clarioteid catfish (Figure 6A), that belongs toAlestopetersius a new endemic to the CongoEugnathichthys basin (Sullivan, pers. comm.). It is noteworthy E that, with the exception of the (Figure 6B) and (Figure 6C) species, most of the specimens unassignable to known species are of small size (Figure 7), and were collected in marginal habitats rather F than in the main river channels. As noted previously, most collecting effort was focused in the main river channels and sampling in the many small affluent streams, black water swamps, and peripheral habitats was minimal. Therefore, while the present study represents the best available tally Figure 3. for the SNP and its immediate vicinity, targeted collecting Potamothrissa obtusirostris Cyphomyrus Species weeksii whoseMormyrus occurrence caballus in the SNPPetrocephalus represents aodzalaensis significant in these marginal habitats will be necessary to provide a rangePetrocephalus extension within zakoni the CongoPollimyrus basin: maculipinnis A) , B) fully comprehensive listing for the park, and an accurate , C) , D) , assessment of the actual levels of endemism in the region. E) , F) . Scale bars: 1 cm.

249 Monsembula and Stiassny | Fishes of the Salonga National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo

A A

B

C B

D

C

E

Figure 6.

Alestopetersius UndescribedEugnathichthys species from the region: A) “Salonga glass catfish” (Claroteidae, new genus and species), in lateral and dorsal views, B) Figure 4. sp., C) sp. Scale bars: 1 cm. Clupeocharax schoutedeni Hemigrammocharax Species whose uniocellatusoccurrence in the NannocharaxSNP represents elongatus a significant rangeHemigrammocharax extension within ocellicauda the Congo basin:Clypeobarbus A) bomokandi , B) , C) , D) , E) . Scale bars: 1 cm. A

A

B

B

C

D C

E D

Figure 5. Clariallabes teugelsi Figure 7. Microsynodontis Clariallabes Species variabilis whose Phracturaoccurrence lindica in the SNPCtenopoma represents gabonense a significant Congochromis Hylopanchax Kribiarange uellensis extension within the Congo basin: A) , B) Fenerbahce Undescribed species from the region: A) , C) , D) , E) sp., B) sp., male above, female, C) sp., D) . Scale bars: 1 cm. sp. Scale bars: 1 cm. 250 Monsembula and Stiassny | Fishes of the Salonga National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo et al. ------

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 16 ------

x 15 ------

x x x x 14 ------

x x x x x x x x x x 13 ------

x x x x x x x x x 12 ------

x 11 ------

x 10 ------

x x x x 9 ------

x x x x x x x x 8 ------

x x x x x x x x x x x x 7 ------

x x x x x x x 6 ------

x x x x x x 5 ------

x x x x x x x x x x 4 ------

x x x x x x 3 ------

x x x x x x 2 ------

x x x x x x x x x x x x x 1 AMNH 243993, 252281 observed AMNH 244188 AMNH 242757, 244086 AMNH 241938, 252185 AMNH 244141 AMNH 252270 AMNH Number AMNH 241901, 241903 AMNH 241932, 252272 AMNH 241931, 252229 AMNH 252211, 252247 AMNH 244126, 241905 AMNH 241906, 241910 AMNH 241924, 244122 AMNH 241911, 244140 AMNH 244079, 244080 AMNH 241916, 252324 AMNH 244135, 252245 AMNH 244136 AMNH 241925, 252323 observed observed AMNH 243541, 244121 AMNH 244113 AMNH 244133 AMNH 244128, 244130 AMNH 244131, 252254 AMNH 241927, 252243 AMNH 242745, 252203 Pellegrin, 1924 Pellegrin, (Günther, 1864) (Günther, et al. , 2010 (Boulenger, 1909) (Boulenger, (Nichols and La Monte, 1932) (Nichols and La Monte, Pellegrin, 1924 Pellegrin, (Linnaeus, 1758) Boulenger, 1902 Boulenger, Boulenger, 1898 Boulenger, (Boulenger, 1899) (Boulenger, (Schilthuis, 1891) Lavoué Lavoué Peters, 1877 Peters, (Boulenger, 1902) (Boulenger, Boulenger, 1898 Boulenger, (Pellegrin, 1904) (Pellegrin, Boulenger, 1898 Boulenger, Boulenger, 1900 Boulenger, (Günther, 1868) (Günther, . List of species (Salonga collected National at In Park). sites Rivers column 1-15 along 16 distribution the data Luilaka, Salonga culled and an from Yenge IUCN assessment of African central fishes (Brooks Protopteridae(1) dolloi Protopterus (4) Polypteridae 1899 Boulenger, delhezi Polypterus Clupeidae (1) obtusirostris Potamothrissa (1) Pantodontidae buchholzi Pantodon congoensis Papyrocranus tamandua Campylomormyrus OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES nigri Xenomystus Notopteridae (2) Notopteridae Vaillant, 1899 Vaillant, retropinnis Polypterus weeksii Cyphomyrus (Pellegrin, 1900) (Pellegrin, boulengeri Oxymormyrus POLYPTERIFORMES Mormyridae (28) Mormyridae Pellegrin, 1924 Pellegrin, intermedius Marcusenius LEPIDOSIRENIFORMES Sauvage, 1883 balayi Sauvage, Petrocephalus Marcusenius kutuensis Marcusenius Boulenger, 1898 Boulenger, weeksii Polypterus Petrocephalus binotatus Petrocephalus (Günther, 1867) moorii (Günther, Marcusenius (Poll, 1945) (Poll, ghesquierei Cyphomyrus Lavoué et al. , 2010 Lavoué odzalaensis Petrocephalus Mormyrops anguilloides Mormyrops Polypterus ornatipinnis Polypterus Petrocephalus zakoni zakoni Petrocephalus Genyomyrus donnyi Genyomyrus Mormyrops attenuatus Mormyrops CLUPEIFORMES Gnathonemus echidnorhynchus echidnorhynchus Gnathonemus Boulenger, 1899 Boulenger, nigricans Mormyrops (Günther, 1862) (Günther, petersii Gnathonemus Mormyrus caballus Mormyrus Marcusenius friteli friteli Marcusenius Marcusenius greshoffii Marcusenius 2011) indicates which of the reported SNP species have previously been known to occur in the region. to been known previously SNP species have of the reported which 2011) indicates Table 3 Table

251 Monsembula and Stiassny | Fishes of the Salonga National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo ------

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 16 ------

x x x x x x x x 15 ------

x x 14 ------

x x x x x x x 13 ------

x x 12 ------

x 11 ------

x x x x x x 10 ------

x x x x x x x x x x x 9 ------

x x x x x x x x x x x x x 8 ------

x x x x x x x x x x x x x 7 ------

x x x x x 6 ------

x x x x 5 ------

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 4 ------

x x x x x x x x x x 3 ------

x x x x x x 2 ------

x x x x x x x x x x x x 1 AMNH 240821, 252244 AMNH 244111 AMNH Number AMNH 244027, 252259 AMNH 240763, 244112 AMNH 252190, 252227 AMNH 240753, 244187 observed AMNH 240766, 240768 AMNH 244117 AMNH 244034 AMNH 240811, 240815 AMNH 244118 AMNH 240808, 240809 AMNH 240771, 244051 AMNH 240791, 244114 AMNH 244119 AMNH 240769, 240770 AMNH 252852, 25251 AMNH 244045, 252251 AMNH 240752, 247923 AMNH 243540 AMNH 240800, 252261 AMNH 241899, 241900 AMNH 240793, 244044 AMNH 240485, 244030 AMNH 242746, 241897 observed AMNH 252193 AMNH 240759, 240762 AMNH 244116 observed AMNH 252201 AMNH 243545, 252214 (Boulenger, 1899) (Boulenger, Poll, 1945 Poll, Günther, 1873 Günther, Pellegrin, 1900 Pellegrin, (Boulenger, 1899) (Boulenger, (Matthes, 1964) Pellegrin, 1926 Pellegrin, (Boulenger, 1899) (Boulenger, (Nicholas and La Monte, 1934) (Nicholas and La Monte, Boulenger, 1899 Boulenger, Boulenger, 1901 Boulenger, Lambert, 1961 Vinciguerra, 1928 Vinciguerra, (Boulenger, 1899) (Boulenger, Boulenger, 1899 Boulenger, (Boulenger, 1899) (Boulenger, Fowler, 1949 Fowler, Poll, 1972 Poll, Poll, 1967 Poll, Boulenger, 1899 Boulenger, Pellegrin, 1924 Pellegrin, (Nichols and Griscom, 1917) Boulenger, 1898 Boulenger, Boulenger, 1899 Boulenger, Boulenger, 1898 Boulenger, (1) Phractolaemidae ansorgii Phractolaemus Hepsetidae (1) Hepsetus odoe (Bloch, 1794) liebrechtsii Alestes gibbosus Citharinus Alestidae (21) CHARACIFORMES macrolepis Citharinus Micralestes humilis Micralestes (Pellegrin, 1906) Brycinus (Pellegrin, poptae Stomatorhinus patrizii Stomatorhinus (Poll, 1967) (Poll, bifasciatus Alestopetersius Pollimyrus osbornii Pollimyrus GONORYNCHIFORMES Alestopetersius hilgendorfi hilgendorfi Alestopetersius (Pellegrin, 1930) (Pellegrin, aurantiacus Phenacogrammus Bryconaethiops boulengeri boulengeri Bryconaethiops Pollimyrus maculipinnis Pollimyrus Bryconaethiops microstoma Bryconaethiops sp. Alestopetersius Poll, 1945 Poll, deheyni Phenacogrammus Phenacogrammus interruptus Phenacogrammus Clupeocharax schoutedeni Clupeocharax Bathyaethiops greeni Bathyaethiops Pollimyrus nigripinnis Pollimyrus Phenacogrammus polli Phenacogrammus Brachypetersius altus Brachypetersius Pollimyrus schreyeni Pollimyrus Hydrocynus goliath Hydrocynus Tricuspidalestes caeruleus Tricuspidalestes (Boulenger, 1899) Brycinus bimaculatus (Boulenger, Stomatorhinus ater ater Stomatorhinus Citharinidae (2) Castelnan 1861 Castelnan vittatus Hydrocynus Brycinus grandisquamis Stomatorhinus humilior Stomatorhinus Micralestes congicus Micralestes Stomatorhinus kununguensis Stomatorhinus Table 3 . Continued. Table

252 Monsembula and Stiassny | Fishes of the Salonga National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo ------

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 16 ------

x 15 ------

x x x x x x 14 ------

x x x x x 13 ------

x x x x x x x x x x x 12 ------

x x x 11 ------

x x x x x x 10 ------

x x x x x x x x x x 9 ------

x x x x x x x x x x x x 8 ------

x x x x x x x x x x x x 7 ------

x x x x x x 6 ------

x x x x x x x 5 ------

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 4 ------

x x x x x x x x x 3 ------

x x x x 2 ------

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

1 AMNH 241850, 241853 AMNH 240446, 247929 AMNH 244142, 252225 AMNH 241970, 244145 AMNH Number AMNH 247007 AMNH 239657 AMNH 244146, 244147 AMNH 241855, 252263 AMNH 240447 AMNH 241988 observed AMNH 241958, 247881 AMNH 241987, 253357 AMNH 241669, 252242 AMNH 239926, 252248 AMNH 241957, 244154 AMNH 241862, 247930 AMNH 244115, 257162 AMNH 244177, 244179 AMNH 244090, 244093 AMNH 241854 AMNH 241695, 252250 AMNH 247935, 241895 AMNH 241647, 241650 AMNH 247882 AMNH 243547, 241886 AMNH 244181 AMNH 241889, 247932 AMNH 239875, 241992 AMNH 244084, 247928 AMNH 239246, 241990 AMNH 244084, 247928 AMNH 241651, 244024 Nichols and Griscom, 1917 (Pellegrin, 1926) (Pellegrin, (Boulenger, 1907) (Boulenger, Pellegrin, 1926 Pellegrin, (Boulenger, 1902) (Boulenger, (Pellegrin, 1909) (Pellegrin, Poll, 1939 Poll, Boulenger, 1900 Boulenger, Boulenger, 1899 Boulenger, Steindachner,1912 (Leach, 1818) Boulenger, 1902 Boulenger, Boulenger, 1911 Boulenger, Boulenger, 1899 Boulenger, Pellegrin, 1900 Pellegrin, Matthes, 1964 (Boulenger, 1900) (Boulenger, Poll and Gosse, 1963 Poll 1929 Giltay, hutsebouti Belonophago (4) 1902 Boulenger, humeralis (9) Claroteidae macrostoma Anaspidoglanis 1900) (Boulenger, debauwi Pareutropius Poll, 1959 mandevillei Poll, Pareutropius Distichodus decemmaculatus Distichodus Barbus matthesi Barbus Giltay, 1930 Giltay, wittei Auchenoglanis Schilbe grenfelli grenfelli Schilbe Boulenger , 1898 fasciolatus Distichodus Parauchenoglanis punctatus Parauchenoglanis Pellegrin, 1900 Pellegrin, crocodilus Mesoborus Distichodontidae (15) Boulenger, 1902 miolepis Boulenger, Barbus (Boulenger, 1899) (Boulenger, laticeps Schilbe Boulenger, 1899 noboli Boulenger, Distichodus Schilbeidae (5) Microstomatichthyoborus bashforddeani Microstomatichthyoborus Chrysichthys cranchii Chrysichthys (Myers, 1924) (Myers, bomakandi Clypeobarbus Boulenger, 1897 Boulenger, sexfasciatus Distichodus Schilbe marmoratus marmoratus Schilbe Nannocharax elongatus Nannocharax Eugnathichthys sp. Eugnathichthys Chrysichthys delhezi Chrysichthys SILURIFORMES Hemigrammocharax ocellicauda Hemigrammocharax Chrysichthys habereri habereri Chrysichthys Nannocharax schoutedeni Nannocharax Hemigrammocharax uniocellatus uniocellatus Hemigrammocharax Chrysichthys ornatus Chrysichthys Neolebias gracilis Neolebias Chrysichthys punctatus Chrysichthys Boulenger, 1899 trilineatus Boulenger, Neolebias Salonga “glass catfish” new genus and species catfish” “glass Salonga Xenocharax crassus Xenocharax Table 3 . Continued. Table

253 Monsembula and Stiassny | Fishes of the Salonga National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo ------

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 16 ------

15 ------

x 14 ------

x x x x x x 13 ------

x x x 12 ------

x 11 ------

x x x 10 ------

x x x x x x x 9 ------

x x x x x x x x x x x 8 ------

x x x x 7 ------

x x x 6 ------

5 ------

x x x x x x 4 ------

x x x x x x 3 ------

x x x x x 2 ------

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 1 AMNH 242729, 252184 AMNH 241986 AMNH 242747, 243544 AMNH 239577, 239578 AMNH 252189 AMNH 247927, 257164 AMNH 241160, 246236 AMNH Number AMNH 244172 AMNH 242728 AMNH 241985 AMNH 245100 AMNH 252241 AMNH 242724 AMNH 252209 AMNH 243553, 244060 AMNH 243550, 243551 AMNH 244173 AMNH 244169, 244170 AMNH 240097, 244003 AMNH 243548 AMNH 252205 observed AMNH 244085, 257163 AMNH 244174, 252234 observed AMNH 240072, 244015 AMNH 244171 AMNH 244016, 244018 AMNH 241951, 241954 AMNH 242721, 252219 AMNH 242722, 252188 Norris, 2002 Norris, 2002 Valenciennes, 1840 Valenciennes, (Poll, 1971) (Poll, Boulenger, 1919 Boulenger, (Boulenger, 1913) (Boulenger, David, 1936 David, Norris, 2002 (Boulenger, 1913) (Boulenger, Schilthuis 1891 Boulenger, 1903 Boulenger, Boulenger, 1899 Boulenger, sp. sp . 1873) apus (Günther, Channallabes melanochir Malapterurus Microsynodontis 1902 Boulenger, tenuis Belonoglanis (4) sp. Aphyosemion brichardi Congopanchax (Poll and Lambert, 1958) (Poll centralis Clariallabes Paradoxoglanis caudivittatus caudivittatus Paradoxoglanis 1902 Boulenger, lindica Phractura Hylopanchax Boulenger, 1902 Boulenger, Clarias platycephalus Poll and Roberts, 1968 and Roberts, Poll aterimma Synodontis Epiplatys chevalieri Amphiliidae (3) Epiplatys multifasciatus Ferraris, 2007 Ferraris, teugelsi Clariallabes Weber, 1897 Weber, Clarias theodorae Vinciguerra, 1928 Vinciguerra, contracta Synodontis Paradoxoglanis parvus Paradoxoglanis Clariidae (11) (Vaillant, 1886) (Vaillant, scaphyrhychura Phractura PERCIFORMES Synodontis decora Synodontis sp. Fenerbahce Pellegrin, 1926 Pellegrin, variabilis Clariallabes Heterobranchus longifilis Heterobranchus Mochokidae (8) Synodontis flavitaeniata Synodontis Poeciliidae (2) Poeciliidae Steindachner, 1866 Steindachner, Clarias angolensis Synodontis greshoffi Synodontis Malapteruridae (3) Malapteruridae David, 1936 David, nigriventris Synodontis Sauvage, 1879 Sauvage, Clarias buthupogon Synodontis schoutedeni schoutedeni Synodontis Günther, 1867 Günther, Clarias gabonensis Clarias pachynema Clarias pachynema Table 3 . Continued. Table

254 Monsembula and Stiassny | Fishes of the Salonga National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo ------

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 16 ------

x x x x x 15 ------

x x x x x x x x 14 ------

x x x x x x x x x 13 ------

x 12 ------

x x x 11 ------

x x x x x x x x 10 ------

x x x x x x x x 9 ------

x x x x x x x 8 ------

x x x x x x 7 ------

x x x x x 6 ------

x x x 5 ------

x x x x x x x 4 ------

x x x x x x 3 ------

x x x 2 ------

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 1 257171 AMNH 244209, 252212 AMNH 241809, 244073 AMNH 241829 AMNH 244100, 252253 AMNH 242756 AMNH 242001, 242009 AMNH Number AMNH 241828, 252217 AMNH 252200 AMNH 252183, 242754 AMNH 243549, 244101 AMNH 241809, 244096 AMNH 244074, 252226 AMNH 241818, 252216 AMNH 241993, 241998 AMNH 241798, 252187 AMNH 241823, 241824 AMNH 242002, 242004 AMNH 244061 AMNH 241781, 252223 AMNH 241814, 244077 AMNH 241789, 241795 AMNH 241830, AMNH 241777, 241780 AMNH 241806, 241807 AMNH 244108 (Pellegrin, 1900) (Pellegrin, Reichenow, 1875 Reichenow, (Pellegrin, 1900) (Pellegrin, Pellegrin, 1899 Pellegrin, Pellegrin, 1899 Pellegrin, (Sauvage, 1884) (Sauvage, Loiselle, 1979 (Boulenger, 1913) (Boulenger, sp. (Boulenger, 1901) (Boulenger, Pellegrin, 1900 Pellegrin, bilineata sp. uellensis insignis Parachanna acutirostre Ctenopoma 1899) (Boulenger, fasciolatum Microctenopoma dimidiatus Congochromis nana Kribia Günther, 1896 Günther, gabonense Ctenopoma Congochromis Congochromis Kribia Poll and Thys van den Audenaerde, 1960 den Audenaerde, van and Thys Poll Tilapia congica (Günther, 1861) (Günther, obscura Parachanna 1896) nanum (Günther, Microctenopoma Günther, 1896 Günther, kingsleyae Ctenopoma Anabantidae (9) Cichlidae (12) Ctenopoma nigropannosum nigropannosum Ctenopoma (Sauvage, 1884) (Sauvage, Tilapia tholloni Channidae (2) (Guichenot, 1861) elongatus Hemichromis Tilapia Ctenopoma ocellatum Ctenopoma Hemichromis lifalili Hemichromis Boulenger, 1896 Boulenger, weeksii Ctenopoma (Pellegrin, 1900) multidens (Pellegrin, Heterochromis (Boulenger, 1912) (Boulenger, ansorgii Microctenopoma Stiassny, 1989 Stiassny, aristoma Tylochromis Pelmatochromis nigrofasciatus Pelmatochromis (Pellegrin, 1903) (Pellegrin, boulengeri galilaeus Sarotherodon Eleotridae (2) Tilapia Table 3 . Continued. Table

255 Monsembula and Stiassny | Fishes of the Salonga National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo

Acknowledgments: Catalog of Fishes.

Financial support for this study was provided by Eschmeyer, W.N. 2012. Electronic database accessible at WWF/DRC and the AMNH Axelrod Research Curatorship. For logistical http://research.calacademy.org/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.Recherches écologiques sur le peuplement forestier des support we are grateful to L. Steel and I. Omari (WWF/DRC), and to M. solsasp Capturedhydromorphes 15 December de la cuvette 2012. central congolaise Ipantwa (ICCN), and K. Mulumba (Direction des Pêches) for assistance Evrard, C. 1968. with permits. The taxonomic input of J. van der Zee (Africa Museum, . Série scientifique Tervuren), U. Schliewen (ZSM, Munich), J. Sullivan and J. Friel (Cornell 110. Laboratoire d’Écologie VegetaleA directory de l’Université of African wetlands Catholoque de University) (Cyprinodontiformes, Cichlidae, Claroteidae, and Mochokidae Louvain, Belgium. 295 p. respectively) is gratefully acknowledged. Our thanks also to R. Schelly Hughes, R.H and J.S. Hughes, 1992. . Gland, (AMNH), who accompanied the senior author on a trip to the SNP and Nairobi, and Cambridge: IUCN, UNEP, and WCMC. 820Oryx p. helped with the initial identification of specimens, and to Daniel Ramos Inogwabini, B.I. 2005. Fishes of theMethods Salonga and National techniques Park, of underwaterDemocratic (AMNH) for his patience and help with the many aspects of this project. researchRepublic of Congo; survey and conservation issues. 39: 78-81. We are grateful to B. Brown and R. Arrindell (AMNH) for the accessioning Lang, M.A. and C.C. Baldwin 1996. Literatureand cataloging Cited of all specimens. . Washington: Proceedings of the American Academy of Guidelines for the use of fishes in research. Underwater Sciences Sixteenth Annual Scientific Diving Symposium, AnnalesSmithsonian Musee Institution. royal de l’Afrique 236 p. Centrale AFS/AIFRB/ASIH. 2003. Matthes, H. 1964. Les Poissons du Lac Tumba et de la region d’Ikela. Document accessible at http://www.asih.org/files/fish%20The Status and 126: 1-204. guidelines.doc.Distribution of Captured Freshwater on Biodiversity July 27, 2012. in Central Africa Stiassny, M.L.J., R.E. Brummett,In I.J. Harrison, R. Monsembula and V. Brooks, E.G.E., D.J. Allen and W.R.T. Darwell. 2011. Mamonekene. The2011. Status The statusand Distribution and distribution of Freshwater of freshwater Biodiversity fishes In . Gland and in Central central Africa Africa; p. 27-46 Brooks, E.G.E., D.J. Allen and W.R.T. th Cambridge: IUCN. 126 p.The World’s Largest Wetlands: Ecology and Darwell (ed).UNESCO World Heritage List, 36 Session. Campbell,Conservation D. 2005. The Congo River basin; p. 149-166 Fraser, L.H. . Gland and Cambridge: IUCN. and P.A. Keddy (ed.). UNESCO, 2012. Electronic . New York: Cambridge UniversityIn Press. Database accessible at http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/280/. Chapman, L.J. 2001. Fishes of African rain forests.African DiverseRain Forest adaptations Ecology Captured on December 15, 2012. andto environmental Conservation challenge;An Interdisciplinary p. 263-290. Perspective Weber, W., L.J.T. White, A. Vedder and L. Naughton-Treves (ed.). : . New Haven: Yale InUniversity Press. The Status and Darwell,Distribution W.R.T. and of FreshwaterK.G. Smith. 2011. Biodiversity Assessment in Central methodology; Africa p. 21-26 Received: December 2012 Brooks, E.G.E., D.J. Allen and W.R.T. Darwell (ed). Accepted: February 2013 . Gland and Published online: April 2013 Cambridge: IUCN. Editorial responsibility: Pedro Hollanda Carvalho

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