INVENTORY OF NATURAL AREAS WITHIN THE CITY OF NEWTON, MASSACHUSETTS

LAND MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE, NEWTON CONSERVATORS

July - September 2007

Note: The page on Ferns, Club-Moss, and Horsetails was updated by Don Lubin in July 2014.

The Land Management Committee of the Newton Conservators began a survey of the natural areas within the City of Newton in the fall of 2005. These surveys were completed by groups of committee members on a weekly basis throughout the year. Committee members ranged from inexperienced to expert in identification abilities. A dated master list was created for each individual natural area.

The Newton Master List in this document shows the overall survey results. This document establishes a baseline of existing species, which allows us to detect changes over time. We will be able to learn if species are disappearing, and can monitor the progress of invasive species. Once the Land Management Committee has enough historical data, it will become possible to identify more subtle changes retroactively.

We will have a sense of the relative "wildness" of the various open spaces, which could affect decision making with regard to sitting future developments or re-assigning open space land uses.

The Newton Conservators promote the protection and preservation of natural areas, including parks, park lands, playgrounds, forests and streams, which are open or may be converted to open spaces for the enjoyment and benefit of the people of Newton for scientific study, education, and recreation. It further aims to disseminate information about these and other environmental matters. Land Management Committee Newton Master List Newton Conservators

Newton Master List Key

PROPERTY ABBREVIATIONS: ACRES: DESCRIPTION: ADMINISTERED BY: AP Awtrey Property 0.5 woodland slope to dell Newton Conservators AW Avery Woods BM Baldpate Meadow Conservation Area 4.9 wooded wetland, wildlife Conservation Commission BP Bullough's Pond 9.0 shallow, man-made pond * Parks and Recreation CL Crystal Lake 33.0 shoreline path, "great pond" (a pond that's larger than ten acres) * Parks and Recreation CP Charles River Path, California Street 1.6 scenic view of Charles River MDCR CQ Charles River Path, Quinobequin Road 16.3 wooded, views of Charles River MDCR CR Charles River Path, Williams Street 1.5 City of Newton CS Cold Spring Park 67.0 wooded areas, fields, brook, wetlands, birding * Parks and Recreation CW Charles River Path, Wells Ave.** 30.5 wetlands, wooded floodplain * Conservation Commission DR Dexter Road 0.2 wooded hillside Newton Conservators DP Dolan Pond Conservation Area 8.0 wetlands, paths, boardwalks, foot bridges, four small ponds, birding * Conservation Commission EB East Parish Burying Ground 3.0 burying ground used as early as 1672 City of Newton EP Edmands Park 33.0 stone walls, woods, small clearings, wetlands, Edmands Brook, glacial esker * Parks and Recreation FB Frank Barney Conservation Area 1.7 woods, rock ledges, view Conservation Commission GC Goddard Christina Conservation Area 4.3 woods, wetland, wildlife Conservation Commission HB Hahn Brook Conservation Area 4.4 wooded floodplain, wildlife Conservation Commission HG Hemlock Gorge Reservation 23.0 stone bridge, deep river gorge, waterfall, steep banks, views * MDCR HO Houghton Garden** wild garden, paths, stream, lagoon-like pond * (included in Webster Conservation Area Acres) Conservation Commission HW Hunnewell Woods Conservation Area 1.7 wooded slope Conservation Commission KP Kennard Park Conservation Area 32.3 post-agricultural forest, mixed and conifer woodlands, stone walls, red maple swamp, sensitive fern marsh * Conservation Commission KW Kesseler Woods 42.7 path, woodland Conservation Commission LM Leo J. Martin Golf Course 18 hole golf course partially in Newton Lower Falls MDCR MC Martin Conservation Area 0.6 wooded slope Conservation Commission MH Mary Hunnewell Fyffe Footbridge several views of Charles River, riverbanks grassy sloping shorelines* MDCR NA Nahanton Park 57.0 meadows, wooded hillsides, wetlands, pond, open plateau overlooking river valley, birding * Parks and Recreation NC Newton Cemetery 100.0 hills, ponds, streams, birding Newton Cemetery Corp. NO Norumbega Park Conservation Area 13.0 trails, meadow, steep pine and hemlock covered riverbanks, wooded knoll, scenic view of Charles River * Conservation Commission OH Oak Hill Pathway drumlin, elevation of 291 feet, sandy till, scenic view Conservation Commission OP Ordway Park 0.5 natural woodland garden * Newton Conservators OW Oakdale Woods Conservation Area 2.5 wooded, Stearns Brook, short trail Conservation Commission SB South Parish Burying Ground 1.3 burying ground dating from 1802 City of Newton SF Staniford Flowed Meadow Conservation Area 28.0 wetlands, kettle hole, pathways * Conservation Commission SM Saw Mill Brook Conservation Area 31.9 trail, brook, wooded upland, wetland, stone fences, birding, dramatic puddingstone out croppings * Conservation Commission VH Varick Hill Conservation Area & Aqueduct (within city block) 0.2 path, woodland City of Newton & MWRA WB West Parish Burying Ground 1.6 burying ground dating from 1781 City of Newton

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WC Webster Conservation Area 113.7 wooded area, rock out croppings, brooks, ponds, wetlands, field, deer park, historic woodland garden* Conservation Commission WI Wilson Conservation Area & Aqueduct (within city block) 0.5 wooded area Conservation Commission

* Walking Trails in Newton's Park & Conservation Lands by Newton Conservators, Inc. **To be added at a later date MDCR = Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation MWRA = Massachusetts Water Resources Authority

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NATIVE - NON-NATIVE: EXPLANATION:

N Native (indigenous) taxa are those considered to include Massachusetts (Middlesex County) as part of their natural range within historical times ***

I Introduced (non-indigenous) species, sometimes referred to as "alien' or 'exotic,' are those which have been deliberately or accidentally introduced into Massachusetts (Middlesex County) through human activities, even if passively via adjacent states ***

MI Middlesex County occurs in Middlesex County***

MA Massachusetts occurs in Massachusetts ***

NE New England occurs in New England

AVOID avoid using these invasive plants they establish themselves at the expense of native plants ****

species are found in more than six locations

E MESA Rank ***** T MESA Rank ***** MESA = Massachusetts Endangered Species Act Ranks (MESA-ranks) SC MESA Rank ***** Watch List (as of February 2007) *****

E Engangered Any species of plant or animal in danger or extirpation throughout all or a significant portion of its range, and species of plants or animals in danger of extirpation as documented by biological research and inventory. *****

T Threatened Any species of plant or animal likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a portion of its range, and any species declining or rare as deemed by biological research and inventory and likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future. *****

SC Special Concern Any species of plant or animal which has been documented by biological research and inventory to have suffered a decline that could threaten the species if allowed to continue unchecked or that occurs in such small numbers or with such a restricted distribution or specialized habitat requirements that it could easily become threatened in Massachusetts. *****

*** The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts A County Checklist by Bruce A. Sorrie and Paul Somers **** Alternative for Invasive Ornamental Plant Species by The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, and Invasive Plant Atlas of New England (IPANE) http://nbii-nin.ciesin.columbia.edu/ipane/index.htm ***** Status List of Masachusetts Rare Plants edited by Melissa Dow Cullina, Paul Somers and Kathy Wilensky from the Natural Hertiage & Endangered Species Program, Massachusetts Divison of Fisheries & Wildlife February, 2007

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Field Guides used for Surveys:

A Field Guide to Mushrooms: North America, Peterson Field Guides by Kent H. McKnight and Vera B. McKnight Ferns of Northeaster and Central North America , Peterson Field Guides by Cobb/Farnsworth/Lowe Fruit Key & Twig Key to Trees & Shrubs by William M. Harlow, PH.D. National Audubon Society Field Guide to New England by Peter Alden Newcomb's Wildflower Guide by Lawrence Newcomb The Shrub Identification Book by George W.D. Symonds The Sibley Guide to Birds of Eastern North America by David Allen Sibley The Tree Identification Book by George W.D. Symonds

References used for Written Materials:

Alternatives for Invasive Ornamental Plant Species by The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station National Audubon Society Field Guide to New England by Peter Alden The Sibley Field Guide to Birds of Eastern North America by David Allen Sibley The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: A County Checklist by Bruce A. Sorrie and Paul Somers

Land Management Committee Members:

Cris Criscitiello, Co-chair Beth Schroeder, Co-chair

AnnaMaria Abernathy Sue Avery Marygrace Barber Larry Burdick Henry Finch Pete Gilmore Debbie Howard Sam Jaffe Bill Joplin Robert Kittredge Walter Kittredge Ted Kuklinski Don Lubin Eric Reenstierna

Quantity of Species Represented: approximately 615 Different Plant Species approximately 162 Different Animal Species

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BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME NATIVE AP AW BM BP CL CP CQ CR CS CW DP DR EB EP FB GC HB HG HW KP KW LM MC MH NA NC NO OH OP OW SB SF SM VH WB WC WI MUSHROOMS: Amanita pantherina panthercap KP Auricularia auricula brown ear fungus KP Boletus ornatipes goldstalk KP Calvatia gigantiea giant puffball VH Clitocybe nuda wood blewit KP Clitocybe sp. VH Coprinus cornatus VH Coprinus micaceus glistening inky cap WC Coprinus niveus snowy ink cap OP Coriolus versicolor turkeytail fungus CL CQ CS CW DP DR FB KP OP SF SM WC Laetiporus sulphureus sulfur shelf mushroom OH OP Lycoperdon sp. puffball CQ VH Mycena galericulata rosy-gill fairy helmet KP OP Piptoporus betulinus birch polypore CR Pseudohydnum gelatinosum apricot jelly fungus CQ Ramaria sp. coral mushroom KP Russilica fragillus KP Russula cyanoxantha brittle gill BP SM Russula fragilus fragile russula KP Schizophyllum commune split gill CR Tremella foliacea leaf jelly VH Tremella mesenterica witch's butter KP NO SM Tremellodendron schweinitzii false coral SM red and white round gall FB bracket fungus MH

MOSS: Polytrichum commune common haircap moss native AW CP CS CW EB EP FB HG KP NA SF SM WC Sphagnum sp. sphagnum moss native CS DP SF SM WC Thuidium sp. fern moss WC

LICHEN: Cladonia sp. reindeer lichen NA Physcia millegrana DP foliose lichen SF dog lichen, rock tripe WC

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BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME NATIVE AP AW BM BP CL CP CQ CR CS CW DP DR EB EP FB GC HB HG HW KP KW LM MC MH NA NC NO OH OP OW SB SF SM VH WBWC WI FERNS: Asplenium platyneuron ebony spleenwort N-MI HG Athyrium filix-femina, A. angustum northern lady fern N-MI AP BM BP CL CP CQ CS CW DP DR EP HB HG KP KW LM NANCNO OW SFSM WCWI Cystopteris tenuis MacKay's fragile fern or brittle fern N-MI HG Dennstaedtia punctilobula hayscented fern N-MI CL CP CS CW DP EP KP LM MC NA NC NO OW SF SM WC Dryopteris carthusiana = spinulosa spinulose or toothed wood fern N-MI BM CP CS CW DP EP FB GC HB KP KW NANC OW SFSM WC Dryopteris cristata crested wood fern N-MI BM NA Dryopteris intermedia evergreen, intermediate, glandular wood fern N-MI AP BM CS CW DP EP HB KP MC NA OW SM VH WC Dryopteris marginalis marginal wood fern N-MI CS HB HG KP MC WC Dryopteris Xboottii Boott's wood fern BM CW Dryopteris Xtriploidea hybrid wood fern, fruitful wood fern N-MI CS DP HB SF WC Matteuccla struthiopteris = Pteretis pen. ostrich fern N-MI CW KP NC SF Onoclea sensibilis sensitive fern N-MI BM BP CL CP CQ CS CW DP DR EP GC HB KP KW LM NA NC NO SF SM VH WC Osmunda cinnamomea cinnamon fern N-MI BM BP CL CP CQ CS CW DP DR EP GC KP LM NA NC NO OW SF SM WC Osmunda claytoniana interrupted fern N-MI BM BP CQ CS CW EP GC HB KP LM NC OW SF SM WC Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis royal fern N-MI BM BP CQ CS CW DP DR HB KP LM NA NO SF SM WC Polypodium virginianum rockcap fern, common polypody N-MI KP WC Polypodium appalachianum x virginianum hybrid polypody N-MI HG KP NC WC Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas fern N-MI CS WI Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum bracken, eastern bracken fern N-MI CP CQ CS CW EP FB HB KP LM MC NA NO OW SF SM WC Thelypteris noveboracensis New York fern N-MI BP CS CW EP KP LM OW SF SM WC Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens marsh fern N-MI BM BP CP CQ CS CW DP EP HB KP LM NA SF SM WC Thelypteris simulata = Parathelypteris sim. Massachusetts fern N-MI CS WC Woodwardia virginica Virginia chain fern N-MI WC

CLUB-MOSSES: Dendrolycopodium hickeyi Hickey's club-moss or ground-pine N-MI CW KW SF SM WC Dendrolycopodium obscurum = L. obscurum ground-pine, princess-pine or tree club-moss N-MI CW KP LM NO SM WC Diphasiastrum digitatum ground-cedar NA

HORSETAILS: Equisetum arvense field or common horsetail N-MI BP CS CW DP DR EP NC OW SF WC

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BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME NATIVE AP AW BM BP CL CP CR CQ CS CW DP DR EB EP FB GC HB HG HW KP KW LM MC MH NA NC NO OH OP OW SB SF SM VH WB WC WI CONIFERS: Abies balsamea balsam-fir N-MI WC Abies concolor white fir I-MI WI Abies fraseri Fraser fir I-MI NC Cedrus atlantica Atlas blue cedar 'Galuca Pendula' I-MI NO Cedrus atlantica glauca blue atlas cedar NC Chamaecyparis pisifera threadleaf cypress I-MI NC Chamaecyparis thyoides Atlantic white cedar N-MI CS Gingko biloba gingko, maidenhair tree I-MI, China NC Juniperus communis var. depressa creeping juniper (horizontalis out of range) I?-MA CR WC Juniperus virginiana eastern red-cedar N-MI CP CR CQ CS CW EB HG KW NA NO OW SF SM WB WC WI Metasequoia glyptostoides dawn redwood I-MI NC Picea abies Norway spruce I-MI EP KP NO OH WC Picea glauca white spruce I-MA DP Picea pungens blue spruce I-MI NC SF Picea sp. spruce CR Pinus cembra Swiss stone pine NC Pinus echinata short-leaf pine (not recorded for NE, cult?) EP Pinus nigra Austrian pine Europe Pinus resinosa red pine N-MI CS EP SF Pinus rigida pitch-pine N-MI CW NA NO VH Pinus strobus white pine N-MI AW BM CL CP CR CQ CS CW DP DR EB EP FB GC HB HG HW KP KW LM MC MH NA NC NO OH OP OW SB SF SM VH WB WC WI Pinus sylvestris Scotch pine I-MI CS NA Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas fir EB EP KP NC Sciadopitys verticullata umbrella pine NC Taxus canadensis American or Canada yew, ground-hemlock N-MI CQ FB Taxus cuspidata Japanese yew I-MA,China DR EP FB NC OH OP SB Taxus sp. yew I-MA AP AW BP CL CP CR CS CW DP EB HB HW KP LM MC NO OW SF SM VH WC WI Thuja occidentalis arbor vitae, northern white cedar N-MA, I-MI CL CS SB SF VH Tsuga canadensis eastern hemlock N-MI CL CQ CS CW DP DR EP FB HB HG KP MC NC NO OW SF VH WC WI

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BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME NATIVE AP AP AW BM BP CL CP CQ CR CS CW DP DR EB EP FB GC HB HG HW KP KW LM MC MH NA NC NO OH OP OW SB SF SM VH WB WC WI TREES: Acer campestre hedge maple I-MI NC Acer griseum paper back maple NC Acer negundo boxelder N-MA,I?-MI CL CP CS DP EP HW MH SM WI Acer palmatum Japanese maple I-MI, Japan CL NC Acer platanoides AVOID Norway maple I-MI,Europe AP AW BM BP CL CP CQ CS DP DR EB EP FB GC HB HW KW LM MC MH NC NO OH OP OW SB SF SM VH WB WC WI Acer pseudoplatanus AVOID planetree, sycamore Europe CP CS VH Acer rubrum red maple N-MI AW BM CL CP CQ CS CW DP DR EB EP FB GC HG HW KP KW LM MC MH NA NC NO OH OW SB SF SM VH WB WC Acer saccharinum silver maple N-MI BM CP DP MC Acer saccharum sugar maple N-MI AP BP CS DP DR EB EP GC HB HG MH NC OH OW SB WB WC Acer sp. CR Aesculus californica California buckeye NC Aesculus hippocastanum horse-chestnut I-MI DP Ailanthus altissima AVOID tree-of-heaven I-MI,China AP AP AW CP CS DP HB HG MH NA NC NO SF SM VH WB Albizia julibrissin silk-tree, mimosa CP NC Aralia spinosa Hercules' club, devil's walking-stick I-MA CS Betula alleghaniensis yellow birch N-MI CS EP KP SF WC Betula lenta black, sweet or cherry-birch N-MI HG KP NA SF WC Betula nigra river- or red birch N-MI BP CP MH NC Betula papyrifera paper- or canoe-birch N-MI BP CL CR CS DP EP NA NC NO SF SM WC WI Betula pendula European white birch NC Betula populifolia gray birch N-MI BP CL CP CS CW DP EB EP FB HB HW KW LM NA NC NO SF SM VH WB WC Carpinus carolinianus American hornbeam, musclewood N-MI EP SF WC Carya alba = tomentosa mockernut or white-hearted hickory N-MI CS DR EP FB HG KP NA NC OP VH WC Carya cordiformis bitternut or swamp-hickory N-MI EP HB OP SM WC Carya glabra = Carya ovalis sweet pignut-hickory, false shagbark N-MI CS FB HB MC MH OP Carya ovata shagbark hickory N-MI AW HB KP KW NA NC NO OW SF SM WC Carya sp. hickory species CQ NO SM Castanea dentata American chestnut N-MI CQ CS CW DR EP FB KP MC OP SF SM VH WC Catalpa bignonioides Indian bean-tree, Southern catalpa I-MI CP MH SB Celtis occidentalis hackberry, northern hackberry, sugarberry N-MI OW Cercidophyllum japonicum katsura tree I-MI, Japan NC Cercis canadensis redbud, Judas-tree I-MA CP Cladrastis kentukea = lutea yellowwood I-MI AP DR HW NC WC Cornus alternifolia pagoda- or alternate-leaved dogwood N-MI CS SF WI Cornus florida flowering dogwood N-MI AW CL EP KP KW NO VH WC Cornus kousa kousa dogwood I-MI BP CL NC NO Cornus mas corneliancherry dogwood NC Cornus sp. GC Crataegus sp. hawthorn species CQ SF Eucommia ulmoides hardy rubber tree NC Fagus fastigiata European columnar beech NC Fagus grandifolia American beech N-MI AP AP CP CS EP HG KP MC MH NC OP SF SM VH WC Fagus purpurea European beech NC Fagus sp. beech EB Fagus sylvatica European beech I-MI DR EP NO OP WC Fagus sylvatica pendula weeping beech NC Fraxinus americana white ash N-MI CQ DP NO SB SF VH Fraxinus nigra black ash N-MI HB Fraxinus pennsylvanica red ash (hairy form); green ash (glabrous form) N-MI CP DR FB HG MH OP Fraxinus sp. ash species N-MI BM BP CS EP HB HW OW WC Gleditsia triacanthos honey-locust I-MI NO Halesia carolina (tetraptera) Carolina silverbell E USA NC OW Juglans cinerea butternut, white walnut N-MI DP DR EP OW Juglans nigra black walnut I-MA KP MC SF WC Kalopanax septemlobus = pictus thorn tree, castor-aralia CS NC OH Koelreuteria paniculata golden rain tree NC Laburnum x watereri goldenchain tree I-MI NO Liriodendron tulipfera tuliptree I-MI NC Maackia amurensis amur maackia NC Magnolia acuminata cucumber-magnolia, cucumber tree NE, I-MI CS Magnolia sp. magnolia NC OP Magnolia x soulangiana 'Alexandrina' saucer magnolia I-MI NO Magnolia virginiana sweet bay, swamp-bay, sweetbay magnolia N-MA BP Malus baccata = Pyrus Siberian crabapple (smooth branchlets & leaves) I-MI CS DP Malus prunifolia = Pyrus crabapple (hairy branchlets & leaves beneath) I-MI CS Malus pumila = Pyrus malus apple I-MI EP KP Malus sieboldii = Pyrus toringo crabapple I-MI CS DP OH

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BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME NATIVE AP AP AW BM BP CL CP CQ CR CS CW DP DR EB EP FB GC HB HG HW KP KW LM MC MH NA NC NO OH OP OW SB SF SM VH WB WC WI Malus sp. = Pyrus crabapple species I-MI AW BM BP CL CP CQ CW DR EP FB GC HB HG MH NA NC NO OP OW SB SF SM VH WC WI Morus alba white mulberry I-MI CQ DP GC SF VH Morus sp. mulberry species CP HW Nyssa sylvatica black or sour gum, tupelo N-MI CS KP NC SF Ostrya virginiana hop-hornbeam, ironwood N-MI BM BP CP CQ CS DR EP FB HW NO OW SF SM WC Phellodendron amurense cork tree CS NC NO Platanus occidentalis American sycamore N-MI BM CP HG NC Platanus x acerifolia London planetree I-MI NO Populus alba white poplar I-MI LM Populus deltoides cottonwood N-MA, I-MI CP CS DP GC MH NA VH Populus grandidentata big-toothed aspen N-MI CS NA Populus sp. aspen species N-MI BP Populus tremuloides trembling or quaking aspen N-MI CP NA Prunus avium sweet, Bing or Mazzard cherry I-MI AW CS Prunus cerasus sour or pie cherry I-MI CS Prunus pennsylvanica pin cherry N-MI CP DR KP OH OP Prunus serotina black cherry N-MI AP AW BM BP CL CP CQ CS CW DP DR EB EP FB GC HB HG HW KP LM MC MH NA NC NO OP OW SB SF SM VH WB WC WI Prunus sp. plum species BP Prunus virginiana choke-cherry N-MI CW FB GC KP Quercus alba white oak N-MI AW BP CL CQ CS CW DR EP FB HB HG KP MC MH NA NO OP OW SF SM VH WB WC Quercus bicolor swamp white oak N-MI DP KP SM Quercus coccinea scarlet oak N-MI DP EP FB HW KP NA WC Quercus palustris pin oak N-MA, I-MI NO Quercus rubra red oak N-MI AW BM BP CL CP CQ CS CW DP DR EB EP FB HB HG HW KP KW MC NA NC NO OP OW SB SF SM VH WB WC WI Quercus sp. oak CR Quercus velutina black oak N-MI AW BP CL CP CQ CS CW EB EP HB HG KP MC MH NA NO OH OP OW SF SM VH WC Robinia pseudoacacia AVOID black locust I-MI AW BP CP CQ CS CW DP DR EB EP FB HW LM NA OP SF WC Salix alba white willow I-MI DP Salix babylonica weeping willow I-MI BP CS NC Salix sp. willow species AW CL CP MH Sassafras albidum sassafras N-MI CQ DR EP HB KP NA NO OH SF SM WC Sophora japonica Japanese pagodatree NC Sorbus americana American mountain ash, roundwood N-MI Sorbus aucuparia European mountain-ash, rowan-tree I-MI BP CQ CS DP DR EB EP FB KP NC OP OW SF VH WC WI Sorbus sp. mountain ash species CS Stewartia pseudocamellia Japanese stewartia NC Tilia americana basswood N-MI BP CL CS CW EB EP MH SB WC Ulmus americana American or white elm N-MI AW BM CL CP CQ CS CW DP DR EP FB GC HB MH NA SF SM VH WC WI Ulmus glabra camperdownii Camperdown elm I-MI, Europe NC Ulmus sp. elm N-MI BP Ulmus rubra slippery or red elm N-MI CP CQ CS DP EP FB HG LM MC OH SB SF VH WC Zelkova serata Japanese zelkova NC

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BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME NATIVE AP AW BM BP CL CP CQ CR CS CW DP DR EB EP FB GC HB HG HW KP KW LM MC MH NA NC NO OH OP OW SB SF SM VH WB WC WI SHRUBS: Alnus glutinosa AVOID black or European alder I-MI CP EP Alnus incana ssp. rugosa speckled alder N-MI BP DP NA SM Alnus serrulata smooth alder N-MI SF WC Alnus sp. alder CR HG Amelanchier canadensis thicket shadbush, eastern serviceberry N-MI CP CS DP WC Amorpha fruticosa AVOID false indigo, indigo-bush I-MI CP DP LM SF Ampelopsis brevipedunculata AVOID porcelain-berry I-MI,China Aralia spinosa Hercules' club, devil's walking-stick I-MA CL CS Berberis thunbergii AVOID Japanese barberry I-MI, Japan AW BM BP CL CP CQ CS DP DR EP GC HB HG KP LM MH NA NO OW SF SM VH WC WI Calycanthus floridus Carolina allspice, sweetshrub I-MA OP Cephalanthus occidentalis buttonbush I-MA CL DP HG Cephalostachyum sp. bamboo CS Chaenomeles speciosa Japanese or flowering quince I-MA BP Clethra alnifolia sweet pepperbush N-MI CL CP CQ CS CW DP HG KP LM SF SM WC Clethra alnifolia 'Hummingbird' dwarf sweet pepperbush OP Comptonia peregrina sweet fern N-MI BM CP CS CW Cornus alternifolia pagoda dogwood N-MI CS WI Cornus canadensis bunchberry N-MI SM Cornus amomum silky dogwood N-MI BM BP CL CP CQ CW DP EP GC KP LM NA SF Cornus racemosa = foemina gray dogwood N-MI CP CS HB KP KW SM Cornus sericea = stolonifera red osier N-MA,I?-MI CP CR CS SM Cornus sp. dogwood N-MI HG WI Corylus americana American filbert or hazelnut N-MI CQ CS EP FB KP MC NO WC Corylus cornuta beaked hazelnut N-MI CS KP WC Corylus sp. hazelnut N-MI NA Diervilla lonicera bush-honeysuckle N-MI CS Enkianthus sp. enkianthus I-MI NC Euonymus alatus AVOID winged euonymus or burning bush I-MI AP AW BM CL CP CQ CR CS CW DP DR EB EP FB HB HW KP LM MC MH NA NC NO OH OP OW SF SM VH WC WI Forsythia x intermedia forsythia I-MI AP AW BP CL DR OW WC Gaylussacia baccata black huckleberry AW CS EP FB HB KP MC NA SF VH WC Hamamelis virginiana witch-hazel N-MI BP CP CS HB HG KP KW SM WC Hydrangea arborescens wild hydrangea, seven-bark I-MI DP Hydrangea paniculata peegee hydrangea I-MI, Japan Hypericum prolificum = spathulatum shrubby St. John's-wort I-MI CS Ilex glabra 'compacta' inkberry N-MA BP Ilex sp. holly CL Ilex verticillata winterberry, black alder N-MI CW DP SF Kalmia angustifolia sheep laurel, lambkill, wicky N-MI CS KP SF SM WC Kalmia latifolia mountain-laurel N-MI BP EP FB HW KP NC OP SM WC WI Leucothoe fontanesiana dog hobble, drooping fetterbush I-MA CS CW NC OP Ligustrum vulgare AVOID common or hedge-privet I-MI CL HB NA NO WC WI Lindera benzoin spicebush N-MI BM CS GC KP KW SM WC Lonicera maackii AVOID Amur honeysuckle I-MA CP Lonicera sp. honeysuckle I-MI AP CP CQ DP HB MC NA OW SF SM WC Lonicera tatarica AVOID Tatarian honeysuckle I-MI, Asia KP Lyonia ligustrina maleberry N-MI DP Morella pensylvanica = Myrica bayberry, wax-myrtle, candleberry N-MI BP CP Philadelphus coronarius European or sweet mock-orange I-MA BM DR FB HB HW MH NC SF Photinia x prunifolia = aronia = pyrus purple chokeberry N_MI KP Physocarpus opulifolius ninebark I-MI EP Rhamnus cathartica AVOID common buckthorn I-MI CL CQ CS DP EP FB GC HB HG KP MH NA NO SF SM WC Rhamnus frangula = Frangula alnus AVOID glossy, smooth or European alder-b. I-MI BM BP CQ CS CW DP EP FB GC HB LM MC NA NC NO OH OP OW SB SF SM WB WC Rhamnus sp. buckthorn I-MI CP HW Rhododendron carolinianum Carolina rhododendron E USA WC Rhododendron maximum great laurel, rhododendron, rosebay N-MA CS EB EP FB HW KP NC OP WC Rhododendron schlippenbackii royal azalea I-MI NO Rhododendron sp. rhododendron CL HW NC VH WB WC Rhododendron viscosum swamp-azalea or -honeysuckle N-MI DP NO SF Rhus aromatica 'Gro Low' fragrant sumac I-MI OP Rhus glabra = Rhus borealis smooth sumac N-MI CP CS CW DP HW NA NO Rhus hirta = typhina staghorn sumac N-MI CP CS HB HG HW NA NC NO OH OP SF Ribes uva-crispa var. sativum European or garden red currant I-MI GC Rosa multiflora AVOID multiflora rose I-MI AW BM BP CP CQ CR CS CW DP DR EP GC HB HG HW KP LM MH NA NC NO OH SF SM WC WI Rosa nitidus New England or shiny rose N-MI BM OW Rosa rugosa AVOID beach, saltspray or Japanese rose I-MI BP

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BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME NATIVE AP AW BM BP CL CP CQ CR CS CW DP DR EB EP FB GC HB HG HW KP KW LM MC MH NA NC NO OH OP OW SB SF SM VH WB WC WI Rosa sp. NA OW Rubus allegheniensis common, or Allegheny blackberry N-MI CS CW DP DR EP FB HB LM MC NA OP OW SF SM VH WC Rubus idaeus red raspberry N-MI CL CS FB KP NA Rubus occidentalis black raspberry, blackcap N-MI AP BM CP CQ CS CW DP EB EP HB HG HW KP LM MH NA NO SB SF VH WC WI Rubus odoratus purple flowering raspberry N-MI Salix discolor large pussy willow N-MI BP NA Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis black or common elderberry N-MI BM DP KP NA NC SF WC Spiraea alba meadowsweet N-MI CP DP SF Spiraea spirea CL Spiraea tomentosa steeplebush N-MI Spiraea x vanhouttei Vanhoutte spirea I-MI NC Symphoricarpos albus snowberry N-MA Syringa vulgaris common lilac I-MI DP EB MH NC Vaccinium angustifolium low sweet, late sweet or lowbush-b. N-MI AW CQ CS CW EP FB HB KP KW MC NO OP OW SF SM VH WC Vaccinium corymbosum = caesariense highbush-blueberry N-MI AW CS CW DP FB KP MC NA NO OW SF SM WC Vaccinium pallidum = vacillans early sweet, hillside-, or lowbush b. N-MI Viburnum acerifolium maple-leaf viburnum, flower maple N-MI CS CW EP FB HB KP MC NA OP SF SM WC Viburnum dentatum var. lucidum = recognitum northern or smooth arrow-wood N-MI BM BP CP CS CW DP DR EP FB HB HW KP KW MC NA OP SF SM WC WI Viburnum lantana wayfaring tree, twistwood I-MA Viburnum lentago nannyberry, sheepberry, sweet v. N-MI KP SF Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides wild raisin, witherod N-MI SF SM Viburnum opulus ssp. opulus guelder rose, snowball I-MI KP Viburnum opulus var. americanum highbush cranberry N-MI DP HG KP NO OP OW SF Viburnum sp. viburnum GC VH

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BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME NATIVE AP AW BM BP CL CP CQ CR CS CW DP DR EB EP FB GC HB HG HW KP KW LM MC MH NA NC NO OH OP OW SB SF SM VH WB WC WI VINES: Ampelopsis brevipedunculata AVOID porcelain-berry I-MI CL Calystegia sepium ssp. sepium European morning-glory, hedge-bindweed I-MI BP DP KW Celastrus orbiculata AVOID Oriental bittersweet I-MI,Japan AP BM BP CL CP CQ CS CW DP DR EP GC HB HG HW KP KW LM MH NA NC NO OP OW SB SF SM VH WC WI Celastrus scandens American bittersweet N-MI CL HB SM Cynanchum louiseae = nigrum AVOID black swallow-wort, Louise's swallow-wort I-MI CP CR HG KW Echinocystis lobata wild balsam-apple, prickly cucumber N-MI CP DP KW NA WC WI Euonymus fortunei winter-creeper I-MA AP BP CL CQ CS DR EB EP GC HB HG KW MC NC OP OW VH WC WI Hedera helix English or European ivy I-MA AP BP CL CS DR EB FB KP OH OP VH WC Lonicera japonica AVOID Japanese honeysuckle I-MI, Japan BM CP CR DR EP HB HG OH SB SM WI Lonicera sp. honeysuckle NA WC Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia creeper, woodbine N-MI AP AW BM BP CL CP CQ CS CW DP DR FB GC HB HG HW KP LM MC MH NA NC OH OP OW SB SF SM WB WC Parthenocissus tricuspidata Boston ivy I-MI HB Rubus flagellaris = jaysmithii northern, common dewberry N-MI CQ CS CW DR EP FB HW NA OP OW SF SM WC WI Rubus hispidus bristly, running or swamp-dewberry N-MI BM CS CW Sicyos angulatus Bur-cucumber N-MI LM Smilax glauca sawbrier, wild sarsaparilla N-MI EP VH Smilax rotundifolia common greenbrier, catbrier, bullbrier N-MI CQ CS CW DP EP HB HG KP LM NA NO OW SF SM WC Solanum dulcamara AVOID bittersweet climbing nightshade or bitters. I-MI BM BP CL CP CQ CS CW DP HG HW KP LM MH NA NC OH SB SF SM VH WB WI Toxicodendron radicans poison-ivy, climbing poison-ivy N-MI AP AW BM BP CP CQ CS CW DP DR EB EP FB GC HB HG HW KP KW LM MC MH NA NC NO OH OP OW SB SF SM VH WB WC WI Vinca minor periwinkle, myrtle I-MI,Europe AP BP CQ DP DR EB FB KP NO OH OP SB WC WI Vitis labrusca fox-grape (Concord) N-MI BM CQ CW HB LM NA Vitis riparia river-bank or frost-grape N-MI CP CS DP GC HB NC SF Vitis sp grape CL KP NA NO OW Wisteria floribunda Japanese wisteria I-MI, Japan CL Wisteria frutescens = macrostachya Atlantic or long-clustered wisteria I-MA CS Wisteria ssp. wisteria I-MA FB

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BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME NATIVE AP AW BM BP CL CP CQ CR CS CW DP DR EB EP FB GC HB HG HW KP KW LM MC MH NA NC NO OH OP OW SB SF SM VH WB WC WI WILDFLOWERS & FORBS: Acalypha virginica three-seeded mercury, Virginia copperleaf N-MI AP CL CW DP Achillea millefolium yarrow I-MI BP CS CW DR LM Aegopodium podagraria AVOID goutweed, goat's foot I-MI CL CQ CS DP DR MC NO Ajuga reptans carpet-bugleweed or -bugle I-MI HW MC Alliaria petiolata AVOID garlic-mustard I-MI, Europe AP AW BM CL CP CQ CR CS CW DP DR EB EP FB GC HB HW KP KW LM MH NA NC NO OP OW SB SF SM VH WC WI Allium canadense wild garlic, wild onion? N-MI BP CP CQ SM Allium schoenoprasum var, schoenoprasum chives I-MI CP SF Allium sp. chive DR EP HW OW Allium tricoccum wild leek, ramps N-MI CS Ambrosia artemisiifolia common ragweed N-MI BP CL CP CQ CW FB LM MH NA NC NO OH SF VH Amphicarpaea bracteata hog-peanut I-MI OP Anemone quinquefolia wood anemone, wind-flower N-MI CS Antennaria neodioica Greene ssp. Petaloidea field pussytoes N-MI EB Antennaria sp. pussytoes N-MI CS NC Anthemis sp. chamomile I-MI NC Apocynum androsaemifolium spreading or pink dogbane N-MI CS OP WC Apocynum sp. dogbane NA Apocynum cannabinum Indian hemp N-MI HB Aquilegia canadensis wild or red columbine N-MI OP Aralia nudicaulis wild sarsaparilla N-MI BM CQ CS CW DR FB HB KP KW LM MC NA OP SF WC Arctium minus common burdock I-MI AW BP CP CQ CS DP GC HW NA NC SF WC Arisaema triphyllum ssp. triphyllum woodland jack-in-the-pulpit, Indian turnip N-MI BM BP CQ CS DR EP GC HB HW KP KW OW SF WC WI Artemisia vulgaris mugwort I-MI CQ CS VH Asclepias incarnata ssp. incarnata smooth swamp-milkweed N-MA Asclepias syriaca common milkweed N-MI BP CP CQ CW HG LM MH NA NC SF VH Asperula arvensis woodruff I-MA DR "Aster" sp. wood aster AW BM CL DR EB EP GC HW KW NA SF WI Aster infirmus cornet-leaf or Appalachian flat-topped white aster N-MI WC Aster pilosus var. pilosus hairy aster N-MI MH Aster puniceus swamp aster N-MI WC Baptisia tinctoria yellow wild indigo, tattleweed, horsefly-weed N-MI KP Berteroa incana hoary alyssum I-MI CP Bidens bipinnata Spanish needles BM Bidens coronata Northern tickseed sunflower N-MI HB Bidens frondosa devil's pitchforks or beggar-ticks, sticktights N-MI CQ DP FB MH SM VH WI Bidens sp. bidens HB NC Boehmeria cylindrica false nettle, bog-hemp N-MI BP CQ KW NA Brassica juncea brown, Indian, or Chinese mustard I-MI SF Brassica rapa field mustard I-MI GC LM Caltha palustris marsh-marigold, cowslip N-MI WC Campanula rapunculoides creeping or rover-bellflower I-MI CL OP Caulophyllum thalictroides late blue cohosh N-MI CS Centaurea nigra black knapweed I-MI CP Centaurea nigrescens = vochinensis Wocheiner knapweed I-MI CP Cerastium fontanum ssp. vulgare mouse-ear chickweed I-MI HG SB Chelidonium majus AVOID celandine, swallow-wort I-MA AP AW BM CQ CR CS DP DR EB EP FB GC HB HG HW KP KW MC NO OH SF SM VH WC WI Chenopodium album pigweed, lamb's quarters I-MI BP CL CQ EP SF VH WB Chimaphila maculata striped pipsissewa, spotted wintergreen N-MI CQ CS EP FB KP KW NA NO OP SF SM VH WC Chimaphila umbellata ssp. cisatlantica pipsissewa, prince's pine N-MI CQ KP SM WC Cichorium intybus chicory, blue sailors, cornflower I-MI BP CP CQ CS FB HG MH NA NC SF Cicuta maculata water-hemlock N-MI BP NC Circaea lutetiana ssp. canadensis enchanter's nightshade N-MI BP CP CQ CW HB OH SF = quadrisulcata Cirsium sp. thistle I-MI CP Cirsium vulgare bull or common thistle I-MI CW Commelina communis dayflower I-MI CQ CS DP DR MH OP SM VH Conioselinum chinense hemlock-parsley N-MA WC Convallaria majalis lily-of-the-valley I-MI,Europe AP CL CS CW DP DR EP FB GC HB HW KP LM MC NA NC NO OH OP SB SF SM VH Convolvulus sepium hedge bindweed I-MI SB Conyza canadensis var, canadensis = Erigeron horseweed N-MI CL MH Coptis trifolia goldthread N-MI DP Coronilla varia crown-vetch I-MI NA Crocus sp. crocus I-MA AW BP Crocus verna spring crocus I-MI DR Cucumis sativus cucumber vine I-MA Cuscuta gronovii common dodder N-MI BM BP SF Cuscuta sp. dodder CQ Cypripedium acaule pink lady's slipper, moccasin-flower N-MI CS KP NO Daucus carota Queen Anne's lace, wild carrot I-MI BP CP CS HG MH NA NC VH Desmodium paniculatum panicled or narrow-leaved tick-trefoil N-MI OP

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BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME NATIVE AP AW BM BP CL CP CQ CR CS CW DP DR EB EP FB GC HB HG HW KP KW LM MC MH NA NC NO OH OP OW SB SF SM VH WB WC WI Dianthus armeria Deptford pink I-MI BP CP Dicentra sp. ? MH Disporum lanuginosum or Streptopus? fairy bells, yellow mandarin N-MI MC Doellingeria umbellara = Aster tall flat-topped white aster N-MI WC Draba verna whitlow grass I-MI WC Duchesnea indica Indian mock-strawberry VH Epifagus virginiana beech-drops N-MI CQ FB HG WC Epilobium coloratum eastern or purple-leaved willow-herb N-MI BM CS Epimedium sp. epimedium CS KP Erechtites hieraciifolia fireweed, pilewort N-MI OH Erigeron annuus daisy-fleabane, whitetop, sweet scabious N-MI BP CL CP CS CW DP NA NC SF Erigeron philadelphicus Philadelphia or pink fleabane N-MI HG Erythronium americanum trout lily, fawn lily, dog-tooth violet N-MI CS EP KP Eupatorium dubium Atlantic Joe-Pye-weed N-MI Eupatorium fistulosum hollow-stemmed Joe-Pye-weed N-MI BM Eupatorium maculatum spotted Joe-Pye-weed N-MI BP Eupatorium purpureum sweet or green-stemmed Joe Pye-weed N-MI DP OP Eurybia divaricata = Aster white wood aster N-MI BP CQ CS CW DP FB HB MC MH OH OP SF SM VH WC Eurybia macrophylla = Aster big-leaved aster N-MI CS KP SM WC Euthamia graminifolia = Solidago Nutall's or bushy flat-topped goldenrod N-MI CS NA OH Fallopia cristata = Polygonum scandens climbing false buckwheat, bindweed N-MI CL CQ Fallopia japonica = Japanese knotweed or bamboo I-MI AW BM BP CL CP CQ CR CS DP DR EP FB HG HW KP NA NC NO OH OW SF SM VH WC (Polygonum cuspidatum) AVOID Fragaria virginiana wild strawberry N-MI SB Fragaria vesca ssp. americana woodland strawberry, thin-leaved wild s. N-MI Galanthus nivalis snowdrop I-MI HW Galium aparine cleavers, spring-cleavers N-MI CP Galium palustre marsh bedstraw BM Galium sp. bedstraw KP Gaultheria procumbens wintergreen, checkerberry, teaberry, mountain-tea N-MI KP KW WC Geranium maculatum wild geranium, spotted crane's bill N-MI HB KP OP WC Geranium robertianum herb-Robert N-MI CS Geum canadense white avens N-MI SF WC Geum laciniatum rough avens N-MI KP Geum sp. avens BM SF Geum virginianum Virginia or cream-colored avens N-MI HB Glechoma hederacea AVOID gill-over-the-ground, ground ivy I-MI AW BP CP CS DP HW NC SF WI Gnaphalium obtusifolium sweet everlasting, catfoot, fragrant cudweed N-MI BM CS Gunnera sp. I-MI BP Helianthus divaricatus divaricate or woodland sunflower N-MI Hemerocallis fulva orange day-lily I-MI, Europe CL CR DP DR GC KP MH WC Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus = flava yellow day-lily, lemon-lily I-MA Hemerocallis sp. day-lily I-MI BP MC SB VH Hepatica sp. liver-leaf DP Hesperis matronalis AVOID dame's rocket I-MI CP WC Heuchera sp. coral bells I-MI DR Hieracium caespitosum = pratense King Devil, meadow hawkweed I-MI LM Hieracium kalmii = canadense Canada or toothed hawkweed N-MI CL CQ CS CW DP FB HG MC MH NA OH OP VH Hieracium paniculatum panicled or woodland hawkweed N-MI CL CQ CS DP EP FB MC Hieracium pilosella mouse-ear hawkweed I-MI CS Hieracium piloselloides = florentinum smooth hawkweed, king-devil I-MA Hieracium scabrum rough hawkweed N-MI CS Hieracium sp. hawkweed CP EB SF Hosta fortunei large green leaves China DR MC Hosta lancifolia narrow plantainlily Japan EP Hosta undulata wavy leaf hosta, variegated I-MI CL Hydrophyllum virginianum Virginia or eastern waterleaf, John's cabbage N-MA, I-MI CS Hypericum canadense Canada St. John's-wort N-MI Hypericum perforatum common St. John's-wort, Klamath weed I-MI BM CL CP Impatiens capensis orange jewelweed, spotted touch-me-not N-MI BM CQ CW DP EP HB LM MH NO SF VH WC Impatiens pallida yellow jewelweed, pale touch-me-not I-MI DP Impatiens sp. jewelweed N-MI BP CL CP DR GC KW NA NC OW Iris pseudacorus AVOID yellow iris, water-flag I-MI BP CL DP Iris sibirica Siberian iris I-MI CL Iris sp. iris N-MI EP Iris versicolor northern blue flag, wild iris, poison-flag N-MI Lactuca biennis blue wild lettuce N-MI DP Lactuca canadensis yellow wild lettuce N-MI CS DP OP Lactuca serriola prickly lettuce I-MI BP Lactuca sp. wild lettuce CQ Lamium amplexicaule henbit I-MI MC

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BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME NATIVE AP AW BM BP CL CP CQ CR CS CW DP DR EB EP FB GC HB HG HW KP KW LM MC MH NA NC NO OH OP OW SB SF SM VH WB WC WI Lamium, maculatum spotted dead nettle I-MI MC Lemna sp. duckweed CP DP Lepidium campestre cow- or field-cress I-MI CS Lepidium virginicum poor-man's pepper, wild peppergrass N-MI BP CL FB SF WB Leucanthemum vulgare oxe-eye daisy I-MI BP Linaria vulgaris butter-and-eggs, common toadflax I-MI CQ CS CW LM MH NC SB SF WB Lobelia inflata Indian tobacco N-MI CL Lobelia cardinalis cardinal-flower N-MI SM Lunaria annua honesty, money-plant I-MI CS Lycopus uniforus northern, common or tuberous water-horehound N-MA CL CP Lycopus virginicus Virginia or floodplain water-horehound N-MI Lycopus sp. water-horehound DP Lysimachia nummularia AVOID moneywort, greeping jenny I-MI DP Lysimachia quadrifolia whorled yellow loosestrife N-MI CW EP OP WC Lythrum salicaria AVOID purple or spiked loosestrife I-MI,Europe BM BP CL CQ CS CW DP EP LM MH NA SF WC Maianthemum canadense Canada mayflower, false lily-of-the-valley N-MI AW BM BP CQ CS CW DP EB EP FB GC HB KP KW LM MC NA NC OH OW SB SF SM VH WC Maianthemum racemosum false Solomon's seal N-MI AP BP CQ CS CW DR EP FB GC HB HG KP LM MC NA NC NO OP OW SF SM WC = Smilacina Mentha sp. mint BP CL Mertensia virginica Virginia cowslip or bluebells I-MA CS Mitchella repens partridge-berry, twinberry, two-eyed berry N-MI CQ EB KP SM WC Monotropa hypopithys pinesap, false beech-drops N-MI FB MC SM Monotropa uniflora Indian pipe N-MI CS DR FB HG MC OP SM WC Muscari botryoides grape-hyacinth I-MI AW Nabalus trifoliolatus = Prenanthes gall-of-the-earth, fall rattlesnake-root N-MI Narcissus actaea Daffodils BP Narcissus pseudonarcissus daffodil, trumpet -narcissus I-MI Narcissus sp. daffodil I-MA AW CP WC Nuphar sp. white water lily CL WC Nuttallanthus canadensis = Linaria blue or old field toadflax N-MI Nymphaea odorata white or fragrant water-lily N-MI CP NO SF Nymphaea sp. yellow water-lily NA Nymphaea variegata yellow water-lily N-MI LM Oclemena acuminata = Aster whorled wood-aster, mountain aster N-MI OP Oclemena nemoralis = Aster bog-aster N-MI DP Oenothera biennis common evening-primrose N-MI BM CP CS CW NA SF Oenothera sp. evening-primrose BP CL HG Oxalis stricta = europaea common yellow wood-sorrel N-MI AP BP CL CP CQ CS CW DP DR EP FB GC HB HW LM MH NC OH SB SF SM VH WC WI Pachysandra terminalis Japanese pachysandra I-MA,Asia KP KW NO OW SM VH Papaver sp. poppy NA Peltandra virginica arrow arum, tuckahoe N-MI WC Persicaria arifolia = Polygonum Halberd-leaved tearthumb N-MI BM DP Persicaria hydropiper = Polygonum water-pepper, swollen water-pepper N-MI BM Persicaria hydropiperoides = Polygonum false water-pepper, mild water-pepper N-MI DP NA Persicaria lapathifolia (Polygonum) willow-weed, nodding or dock-leaf smartweed N-MI CS DP Persicaria longiseta = Polygonum cespitosum Chinese smartweed I-MI DP Persicaria maculosa = Polygonum persicaria lady's thumb, heart's ease I-MI AP BP CL CQ CS CW DP DR EP FB GC HB HG NC OH SF VH WC WI =dubium = minus Persicaria sagittata = Polygonum arrow-leaf tearthumb N-MI BM DP Physostegia virginiana false dragonhead, obedient plant, obedience I-MI CS Phytolacca americana pokeweed, pokeberry, poke N-MI AP BM CL CP CQ CS CW DP FB GC HB HW KP NA NC NO OH OP VH WC WI Plantago aristata bracted plantain, rat-tail plantain I-MI EB Plantago lanceolata = altissima ribgrass, narrow-leaved or English plantain I-MI KP Plantago major common or dooryard plantain, white man's foot I-MI BP CQ DP EP HW KP LM MH NC SF VH Podophyllum peltatum may-apple, mandrake I-MI KP Polygonatum biflorum giant Solomon's seal N-MA,I-MI OP WB Polygonatum pubescens (hairy) Solomon's seal N-MI BP CQ CS CW EP FB GC HB HW MC NA NC OP OW SF SM VH Polygonum arifolium var. pubescens Halberd-leaf tearthumb BM CS CW Polygonum hydropiper water-pepper, swollen water-pepper BM Polygonum hydropiperoides false water-pepper, swollen water-pepper N-MI NA Polygonum sagittatum arrow-leaf tearthumb BM Polygonum scandens var. scandens climbing false buckwheat, bindweed N-MI CQ GC Polygonum sp. smartweed CP Pontederia cordata pickerel-weed N-MI CQ LM NA SF WC Potentilla argentea silvery cinquefoil N-MI LM Potentilla canadensis = pumila dwarf cinquefoil N-MI EB GC SB SF Potentilla repens creeping cinquefoil I-MI BP Potentilla simplex old field cinquefoil N-MI DP LM NA Potentilla sp. cinquefoil CQ WC Prenanthes trifoliolata gall-of-the-earth, fall rattlesnake-root N-MI CS FB MC Prunella vulgaris ssp. Vulgaris self-heal I-MI BP NC

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BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME NATIVE AP AW BM BP CL CP CQ CR CS CW DP DR EB EP FB GC HB HG HW KP KW LM MC MH NA NC NO OH OP OW SB SF SM VH WB WC WI Pyrola americana = rotundifolia glossy or round-leaved shinleaf or pyrola N-MI KP Pyrola sp. lesser pyrola KW Ranunculus abortivus kidney-leaf buttercup or crowfoot, small-flowered c. N-MI SM Ranunculus bulbosus bulbous buttercup or crowfoot I-MI KP Ranunculus fascicularis early or tufted buttercup or crowfoot N-MI KP Ranunculus ficaria AVOID lesser celandine, fig buttercup CS NO Ranunculus repens AVOID creeping or spotted buttercup I-MI BP DP EP NC SB Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum watercress KP SF Rudbeckia hirta black-eyed Susan, yellow daisy I-MI LM NA Rumex acetosella ssp. Angiocarpus sheep or red sorrel I-MI WB Rumex crispus curly or sour dock I-MI BP CS FB Rumex obtusifolius bitter or red-veined dock I-MI DP EP FB MC SF Sagittaria latifolia common arrowhead, duck-potato N-MI BP CQ NA NO Salvia sp. Russian sage I-MI CL Sanguinaria canadensis bloodroot N-MI CS NA Saponaria officinalis soapwort, bouncing bet I-MI CP Scilla sibirica Siberian squill I-MI AW Scorzoneroides autumnalis = Leontodon fall-dandelion, hawkbit I-MI HG Scrophularia lanceolata American or hare-figwort N-MI HB Scrophularia marilandica Maryland or eastern figwort, carpenter's square I-MI CQ Sedum sp. sedum EB SB Senecio sp. ragwort Silene caroliniana wild pink, pink catchfly N-MI CS Silene latifolia ssp. alba = Lychnis alba evening lychnis, white campion or cockle I-MI CP DP Silene vulgaris bladder-campion I-MI NC Sisyrinchium atlanticum Eastern blue-eyed grass N-MI BP Solanum nigrum European black nightshade I-MI CL Solidago altissima = canadensis tall goldenrod N-MI CQ DP KW Solidago arguta sharp-leaved, toothed or forest-goldenrod N-MI MC Solidago bicolor silverrod, white goldenrod N-MI CQ Solidago caesia bluestem-, axillary or wreath-goldenrod N-MI CQ CS HB HG KP KW OH OP SF SM WC Solidago canadensis Canada goldenrod N-MI EP NA Solidago graminifolia grass-leaved goldenrod OH Solidago juncea early goldenrod N-MI CS Solidago latissimifolia Elliott's goldenrod N-MI CW Solidago odora sweet or licorice-goldenrod N-MI CW OP Solidago puberula downy goldenrod N-MI CS SM Solidago rugosa rough-stemmed or wrinkle-leaved goldenrod N-MI DP NA SM Solidago sp. goldenrod BM FB GC MC NO OH SF WC Solidago speciosa showy goldenrod N-MI CL VH Stellaria media common chickweed I-MI CS HW LM NC Symphyotrichum cordifolium = Aster blue heart-leaf aster N-MI CQ FB LM MC MH OP SF WC Symphyotrichum novae-angliae New England aster N-MI DP Symphyotrichum patens = Aster skydrop or clasping aster N-MI Symplocarpus foetidus skunk cabbage N-MI BM CS EP GC KP KW SF SM WC Tanacetum vulgare tansy, golden buttons I-MI AW BM CP CS DP FB LM NA NC SF Taraxacum officinale dandelion I-MI AW BP CL CP CQ CR DP EB EP FB GC HG HW LM MC MH NC SB SF SM VH WC Thalictrum dioicum early meadow rue N-MI CS OP Thalictrum pubescens = polygamum tall meadow rue N-MI BM BP OP Thalictrum sp. meadow rue CW Thalictrum thalictroides = Anemonella rue-anemone N-MI SM Thymus sp. thyme KP NA Tradescantia sp. Virginia spiderwort, widow's tears I-MI CL EB OP Triadenum virginicum marsh St. John's wort N-MI DP Trientalis borealis starflower N-MI HB KP SM WC Trifolium pratense red clover I-MI AW BP CS EB NA NC OP Trifolium repens white clover I-MI CL LM NC SB Trifolium sp. clover I-MI CP HW Trillium erectum red or purple trillium, wakerobin, stinking Benjamin N-MI CS KP Trillium grandifloum white trillium I-MI CS Trillium sessile toadshade CS Triodanis perfoliata = Specularia Venus's looking-glass N-MI Urtica dioica ssp. dioica stinging nettle I-MI BM CP CS EP HB NA SF WC Uvularia sessilifolia wild oats, little merrybells N-MI CQ CS EB EP HB KP OP SF WC Verbascum blattaria moth-mullein I-MI Verbascum thapsus common mullein or flannel-plant I-MI BM CL CP CS EB LM MH NC SB SF WC Verbena hastata blue vervain N-MI BM Verbena urticifolia white or netttle-vervain N-MI CS Veronica arvensis corn-speedwell I-MI CS Veronica serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia thyme-leaved speedwell I-MI CS KP Vicia cracca bird- or cow-vetch or tufted vetch I-MI

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BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME NATIVE AP AW BM BP CL CP CQ CR CS CW DP DR EB EP FB GC HB HG HW KP KW LM MC MH NA NC NO OH OP OW SB SF SM VH WB WC WI Vicia sp. vetch I-MI CP CQ FB NC Viola lanceolata var. lanceolata lance-leaf violet N-MI CS Viola sagittata = fimbriatula arrow-leaf violet N-MI EB Viola sororia = papilionacea = septentrionalis common blue violet, dooryard violet N-MI CS FB MC SF Viola sp. violet BM CL DP GC HW MC OH VH WC Yucca sp. yucca I-MI DR

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BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME NATIVE AP AW BM BP CL CP CQ CR CS CW DP DR EB EP FB GC HB HG HW KP KW LM MC MH NA NC NO OH OP OW SB SF SM VH WB WC WI GRASSES & RUSHES: Carex pensylvanica Pennsylvania sedge N-MI FB HB KP KW NA SM SM Carex sp. sedges BM CP CQ CS CW DP HB KW SF SM WC Carex stricta tussock-sedge N-MI CS DP SF Digitaria sp. crab-grass DP EB FB Juncus effusus soft or common rush N-MI CS DP Juncus sp. HB Juncus tenuis path-rush, yard-rush N-MI CS NA WC Panicum sp. panicum VH Phalaris arundinacea reed canary-grass N-MI OH Phragmites australis common reed N-MI CW Schizachyrium scoparium = Andropogon s. little bluestem, broom- or prairie-beardgrass N-MI NA WC Scirpus cyperinus = rubricosus wool-grass, common bullsedge or bulrush N-MI CS DP Spartina sp. cord-grass CP Typha latifolia broad-leaved or common cat-tail N-MI BM BP CL CS CW DP EP NC SF

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INVASIVE PLANTS* BOTANICAL NAME QTY AP AW BM BP CL CP CQ CR CS CW DP DR EB EP FB GC HB HG HW KP KW LM MC MH NA NC NO OH OP OW SB SF SM VH WB WC WI

Ampelopsis brevipedunculata 1 CL Acer platanoides 32 AP AW BM BP CL CP CQ CS DP DR EB EP FB GC HB HW KW LM MC MH NC NO OH OP OW SB SF SM VH WB WC WI Acer pseudoplatanus 3CPCS VH Aegopodium podagraria 6 CQ CS DP DR MC NO Ailanthus altissima 15 AP AW CP CS DP HB HG MH NA NC NO SF SM VH WB Alliaria petiolata 31 AP AW BM CL CP CQ CR CS CW DP DR EP FB GC HB HW KP KW LM MH NA NC NO OP OW SB SF SM VH WC WI Alnus glutinosa 2 CP EP Amorpha fruticosa? 4 CP DP LM SF Berberis thunbergii 23 AW BM BP CL CP CQ CS DP DR EP GC HB HG KP LM MH NA NO OW SF SM WC WI Celastrus orbiculata 30 AP BM BP CL CP CQ CS CW DP DR EP GC HB HG HW KP KW LM MH NA NC NO OP OW SB SF SM VH WC WI Chelidonium majus 24 AP AW BM CQ CR CS DP DR EP FB GC HB HG HW KP KW MC NO OH SF SM VH WC WI Cynanchum louiseae 4 CP CR HG KW Euonymus alatus 31 AP AW BM CL CP CQ CR CS CW DP DR EB EP FB HB HW KP LM MC MH NA NC NO OH OP OW SF SM VH WC WI Fallopia japonica 22 AW BM BP CL CP CQ CR CS DP DR EP FB HG HW KP NA OH OW SF SM VH WC Glechoma hederacea 8 AW CP CS DP HW NC SF WI Hesperis matronalis 2 CP WC Iris pseudacorus 3 BP CL DP Ligustrum vulgare 6 CL HB NA NO WC WI Lonicera japonica 10 BM CP CR DR EP HB HG OH SB SM Lonicera maackii 1 CP Lonicera sp. 4 CQ MC NA SF Lonicera tatarica 1 KP Lysimachia nummularia 1 DP Lythrum salicaria 13 BM BP CL CQ CS DP EP HG LM MH NA SF WC Ranunculus ficaria 2 CS NO Ranunculus repens 3 DP EP SB Rhamnus cathartica 16 CL CQ CS DP EP FB GC HB HG KP MH NA NO SF SM WC Rhamnus frangula 23 BM BP CQ CS CW DP EP FB GC HB LM MC NA NC NO OH OP OW SB SF SM WB WC Rhamnus sp. 1 HW Robinia pseudoacacia 14 CP CQ CS CW DP DR EB EP FB HW NA OP SF WC Rosa multiflora 26 AW BM BP CP CQ CR CS CW DP DR EP GC HB HG HW KP LM MH NA NC NO OH SF SM WC WI Rosa rugosa 1 BP Solanum dulcamara 21 BM BP CL CP CQ CS CW DP HG HW KP LM MH NA NC OH SF SM VH WB WI

* Invasive Plant Atlas of New England (IPANE) http://nbii-nin.ciesin.columbia.edu/ipane/index.htm

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SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME AP AW BM BP CL CP CQ CR CS CW DP DR EB EP FB GC HB HG HW KP KW LM MC MH NA NC NO OH OP OW SB SF SM VH WB WC WI MARINE INVERTEBRATES: freshwater mussels CQ snail CQ

LAND INVERTEBRATES: Lubricus species earthworm AP EB

SPIDERS: Leiobunum daddy-long-legs SB forest wolf spider FB

DRAGONFLIES: Enallagma cyathigerum blue damselfly CQ DP blue dasher dragonfly BP damselfly LM darning needle dragonfly CL CP NA NC dragonfly CP LM MH NA NC Ischnura veticalis Eastern forktail damselfly BP DP Leucorrhnia hudsonica Hudsonian whiteface CS red dragonfly DP NA Lestes rectangularis slender spreadwing CP spread-winged dragonfly BP Argia fumipennis violacea variable dancer dragonfly BP yellow-headed meadowhawk BP

GRASSHOPPERS: grasshopper SB

BEETLES: Popillia japonica Japanese beetle CS ladybird beetle BP MH

FLIES, MOSQUITOES: Tipula paludosa European crane fly DP Musca domestic house fly HW Culex pipiens house mosquito AP BM CP DP GC HW NA NO SF WC

ANTS, WASPS, BEES: Bombus pennsylvanicus American bumble bee AP BP HB SM ant NC Camponotus pennsylvanicus black carpenter ant AW HW Xylocopa virginica Eastern carpenter bee AW BP CP CQ CW HW LM MH NA SF SM WC Vespula maculifrons Eastern jellow jacket CL Apis mellifera honey bee AP AW CP CW LM thread-waisted wasp BP white-faced hornet MH hornet SF

BUTTERFLIES, MOTHS: black butterfly CS Papilio polyxenes black swallowtail OH blue darning needle HB Pieris rapae cabbage white AW BM BP CP CR CS DP EP FB GC HW KP LM NC SF Canada darner CP Anax junius common green darner CP NA Malacosoma americanum Eastern tent caterpillar SF

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SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME AP AW BM BP CL CP CQ CR CS CW DP DR EB EP FB GC HB HG HW KP KW LM MC MH NA NC NO OH OP OW SB SF SM VH WB WC WI Papilio glaucus Eastern tiger swallowtail CW DP Lymantria dispar gypsy moth GC SF WI Danaus plexippus monarch CL NC WC Nymphalis antiopa mourning cloak CP WC Polites peckius Peck's skipper DP Vanessa atalanta red admiral BP Papillo troilus = Heraclides spicebush swallowtail EP swallowtail butterfly CP winter moth SB WI yellow swallowtail NC

OTHER INSECT: Forficula auricularia European earwig CP wooly adelgid NC NO

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SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME AP AW BM BP CL CP CQ CR CS CW DP DR EB EP FB GC HB HG HW KP KW LM MC MH NA NC NO OH OP OW SB SF SM VH WB WC WI VERTEBRATES: FISH: Lepomis macrochirus bluegill BP

FROGS: Bufo americanus American toad CQ brown toad SM Rana catesbeiana bullfrog DP Rana sp. frog CL GC NC SF Rana clamitons green frog DP SM tadpoles CL Bufo sp. toad KW

TURTLES: Chrysemys picta painted turtle DP NC WC turtle CL

SNAKES: Thamnophis sirtalis common garter snake SM

MAMMALS: Parascalops breweri common mole SF Canis latrans coyote DP WC Tamias striatus Eastern chipmunk AP BM BP CQ CS CW EP GC HB KP KW NA NC NO OH SF SM WC Sylvilagus floridanus Eastern cotontail rabbit AP CL CP CR CW DP HW KP WC Sciurus carolinensis Eastern gray squirrel AP BM BP CP CQ CR CS CW DP EP FB HW KP LM MC NC OW SF WC WI Spermophilus richardsonground squirrel LM Mephitis mephitis striped skunk CQ WC Peromyscus leucopus white-footed mouse SF Odocoileus virginianus white-tail deer BM HB WC

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SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME AP AW BM BP CL CP CQ CR CS CW DP DR EB EP FB GC HB HG HW KP KW LM MC MH NA NC NO OH OP OW SB SF SM VH WB WC WI BIRDS: Anas rubripes American black duck CP CQ Carduelis tristis American goldfinch BP CP CR CS CW DP EP HG NA NC SF SM Setophaga ruticilla American redstart KP Turdus migratorius American robin AP AW BM BP CP CQ CR CS CW DP EB EP GC HB HW KP LM NA NC NO OH OP OW SF SM VH WC Spizella arborea American tree sparrow NA Icterus galbula Baltimore oriole CL CP CS DP EP GC HW LM NC Ceryle alcyon belted kingfisher BP CL WC Mniotilta varia black-and-white warbler DP EP Poecile atricapilla black-capped chickadee BM BP CP CQ CR CS CW DP EB EP FB HW KP LM MC NA NC NO OW SF SM VH WC WI Dendroica striata blackpoll warbler DP Cyanocitta cristatra blue jay AP CR CS CW DP DR EP KP NA NC NO SF SM VH WC WI Sialia currucoides bluebird NA Polioptila caerulea blue-gray gnat catcher WC Anas discors blue-winged teal DP Certhia americana brown creeper CS VH Molothrus ater brown-headed cowbird DP Bucephala albeola bufflehead CL Branta canadensis Canada goose BP CL CP CQ CR CS DP DR GC LM NA SF WC Thtyothorus ludovicianus Carolina wren CP CS CW DP SM Bombycilla cedrorum cedar waxwing DP EB Spizella passerina chipping sparrow EB LM NC SB Corvus brachyrhynchos common crow CS DP EP HB HW KP MH NA NO Bucephala clangula common goldeneye SF Quiscalus quiscula common grackle AP AW BM BP CP CR CS DP DR EP FB GC HB HW SF SM WC WI Mergus merganser common merganser BP SF WC Corvus corax common raven CS SF Geothlypis trichas common yellowthroat EP GC Accipiter cooperii Cooper's hawk DP NO Junco hyemalis dark-eyed junco CS DP EP HW NA NO SF SM VH WC Phalacrocorax auritus double-crested cormorant WC Picoides pubescens downy woodpecker AP AW CP CQ CS DP EP FB HW KP NO OW SF SM VH WC Tyrannus tyrannus eastern kingbird WC Sayornis phoebe eastern phoebe CS DP HW WC Otus asio eastern screech owl DP Pipilo maculatus eastern towhee DP Contopus virens eastern wood-pewee HB KP NA Sturnus vulgaris European starling CP CR CS DP HW NC NO WI Regulus satrapa golden-crowned kinglet CS NA VH Dumetella carolinensis gray catbird CP CS CW DP EP GC KP LM NA NC OP SF Larus marinus great black back gull DP WC Ardea herodias great blue heron CQ CS DP NC WC Myiarchus crinitus great crested flycatcher CS DP EP NC Ardea alba great egret DP Picoides villosus hairy woodpecker CS SF WC Catharus guttatus hermit thrush DP Larus argentatus herring gull SF Lophodytes cucullatus hooded merganser CL CQ WC Carpodacus mexicanus house finch CQ CS NC Passer domesticus house sparrow BM BP CL CP CQ CR DP EP GC HW NC OP VH Troglodytes aedon house wren DP EP Charadrius vociferus killdeer HW WC Calidris minutilla least sandpiper DP Anas platyrhynchos mallard duck AW BP CL CP CQ CR CS CW DP EP GC MH NC SF SM WC

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SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME AP AW BM BP CL CP CQ CR CS CW DP DR EB EP FB GC HB HG HW KP KW LM MC MH NA NC NO OH OP OW SB SF SM VH WB WC WI Zenaida macroura mourning dove AP BM CP CQ CR CS DP EB GC HW KP LM NA NC NO OH SM WC Cygrus oler mute swan CL CQ LM NO SF WC Cardinalis cardinalis northern cardinal BM CP CR CS CW DP EP GC HW KP OW SF SM WI Colaptes auratus northern flicker AW BM CP CR CS DP EB EP KP NC SF SM WC Circus cyaneus northern harrier Mimus polyglottos northern mockingbird BP CL CP DP NA NC NO Parula americana northern parula CS EP Seiurus novegoracensis northern waterthrush DP Seiurus aurocapillus ovenbird DP KP Dendroicoca palmarum palm warbler EP SF WC Dendroioca pinus pine warbler WC Carpodacus purpureau purple finch SM Melanerpes carolinus red-bellied woodpecker CS DP EB EP KP SF Sitta canadensis red-breasted nuthatch DP Mergus serrator red-breated merganser CQ Vireo olicaceus red-eyed vireo CS DP Buteo jamaicensis red-tailed hawk BP CL CS CW DR EB EP HG KP LM MH NA NC SF SM WC Agelaius phoeniceus red-winged blackbird BM BP CL CP CR CS DP EP GC KP LM NA NC SF SM WC Larus delawarensis ring-billed gull CL NO SF WC Aythya collaris ring-necked duck SF Columba livia rock dove (feral pigeon) BP DP Pheucticus ludovicianus rose-breasted grossbeak CS Piranga olivacea scarlet tanager CS Accipiter striatus sharp-shinned hawk BP SF Tringa solitaria solitary sandpiper DP Melospiza melodia song sparrow BP CP CQ CR CS DP EP GC NA NC SF SM VH WC Actitis macularia spotted sandpiper DP Catharus ustulatus Swainson's thrush EP KP Tachycineta bicolor tree swallow DP Baeolophus bicolor tufted titmouse BM CQ CR CS DP EP KP MC NA NO SF SM VH WC Cathartes aura turkey vulture HW OW WC Vireo gilvus warbling vireo CS DP SF Sitta carlinensis white-breasted nuthatch CL CQ CS DP EP HW KP MC MH NO OW SF SM WC Zonotrichia albicollis white-throated sparrow CQ CR CS CW DP EP KP NO Aix sponsa wood duck CP CQ DP WC Hylocichla mustelina wood thrush CS EP KP SF Dendroica petechia yellow warbler CP CS DP EP LM NA NC SF Dendroica coronata yellow-rumped warbler DP EP KP SF

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