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Home , Bartonia virginica, Calliergon cordifolium, Carex bigelowii, Carex stricta, Cornus alternifolia, Eleocharis acicularis

Appendix B Names of and Animals Used in This Book

note about nomenclature: For scientific names of plants, we follow Gleason and Cronquist 1991 (Manual of Vascular Plants of the Northeastern United A States and Adjacent ). For , we follow Anderson et al.1990. (List of Mosses of Northern America north of ) and for , we follow Anderson 1990 (A checklist of Sphagnum in north of Mexico). For liverworts, we follow Stotler and Crandall-Stotler 1977 (A Checklist of the Liverworts and Hornworts of North America). For common names, we generally follow Newcomb’s Wildflower Guide (1977) for herbaceous flowering plants. For common names of trees, we follow the Society of American Foresters (Eyre 1980).

Plants

Vascular Plants Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name -leaved buckthorn Rhamnus alnifolia Beach wormwood Artemisia campestris ssp. Allegheny crowfoot Ranunculus caudata allegheniensis Beaked hazel nut Corylus cornuta Alpine bentgrass Agrostis mertensii Beaked sedge utriculata Alpine bilberry uliginosum Bearberry Salix uva-ursi Alpine sweet grass Hierochloe alpina Bearded shorthusk Brachyelytrum erectum Alpine sweet-broom alpinum Bebb’s willow Salix bebbiana Alternate-leaved dogwood alternifolia Beech Fagus grandifolia American beech Fagus grandifolia Beech drops Epifagus virginiana American black currant Ribes americanum Big bluestem Andropogon gerardii American bur-reed Sparganium Big brome Bromus inermis americanum Bigelow’s sedge Carex bigelowii American elm Ulmus americana Birds-eye primrose Primula mistassinica American hazelnut Corylus americana Bitternut hickory Carya cordiformis American mountain-ash Sorbus americana Bittersweet nightshade Solanum dulcamara American stickseed Hackelia deflexa Black ash Fraxinus nigra American water horehound Lycopus americanus Black cherry Prunus serotina Appalachian polypody Polypodium Black chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa appalachianum Black crowberry Arrow arum Peltandra virginica Black gum Arrowwood Viburnum dentatum var. Black huckleberry Gaylussacia baccata lucidulum Black maple Acer nigrum Atlantic sedge Carex atlantica Black oak Quercus velutina Auricled twayblade Listera auriculata Black snakeroot Sanicula marilandica Autumn fimbristylus Fimbristylus autumnalis Black Picea mariana Balsam fir Abies balsamea Black swallowwort Vincetoxicum nigrum Balsam poplar balsamifera Black willow Salix nigra Balsam ragwort Senecio pauperculus Black-scaled sedge Carex atratiformis Balsam willow Salix pyrifolia Bladder sedge Barbed-bristle bulrush ancistrochaetus Bladdernut Staphylea trifolia (S. atrovirens) Blake’s milk-vetch Astragalus robbinsii var. Barren strawberry Waldsteinia fragarioides minor Bartram’s shadbush Amelanchier Bloodroot Sanguinaria canadensis bartramiana Blue cohosh Caulophyllum Basswood Tilia americana thalictroides Bastard toadflax Comandra umbellata Blue flag versicolor Beach heather Hudsonia tomentosa Blue vervain Verbena hastata Beach pea Lathyrus maritimus Bluebead lily Clintonia borealis

Appendix B / 415 Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name Bluejoint grass Calamagrostis Choke cherry Prunus virginiana canadensis Christmas fern Polystichum Blue-stemmed goldenrod Solidago caesia acrostichoides Blunt broom sedge Carex tribuloides Cinnamon fern Osmunda cinnamomea Blunt-leaved milkweed Asclepias amplexicaulis Clammyweed Polanisia dodecandra aster Aster nemoralis Climbing fumitory Adlumia fungosa Bog goldenrod Solidago uliginosa Cocklebur Xanthium strumarium Bog laurel polifolia Coltsfoot Tussilago farfara Bog rosemary Andromeda glaucophylla Common arrow-grass Triglochin maritima Bog sedge Carex exilis Common barnyard grass crusgalli Bog willow Salix pedicellaris Common bladderwort Utricularia vulgaris Bog-bean Menyanthes trifoliata Common buckthorn Rhamnus cathartica Bog-candles Habenaria dilatata Common cattail Typha latifolia Boott’s rattlesnake-root Prenanthes boottii Common coontail Ceratophyllum Bottlebrush grass Elymus hystrix demersum Boxelder Acer negundo Common duckweed Bracken fern Pteridium aquilinum Common elderberry Sambucus canadensis Braya Braya humilis Common forget-me-not Myosotis scorpioides Bristly black currant Ribes lacustre Common hop sedge Carex lupulina Bristly crowfoot Ranunculus Common horsetail arvense pensylvanicus Common juniper Juniperus communis var. Bristly sarsaparilla Aralia hispida depressa Bristly sedge Carex comosa Common mullein Verbascum thapsus Broad beech fern Thelypteris Common pinweed Lechea intermedia hexagonoptera Common pussy willow Salix discolor Broad-leaved arrowhead Sagittaria latifolia Common reed Phragmites australis Broad-lipped twayblade Listera convallarioides Common rush Juncus effusus Bronze sedge Carex foenea Common St. John’s-wort Hypericum perforatum Brownish sedge Carex brunnescens Common strawberry Fragaria virginiana Bulblet fern Cystopteris bulbifera Common sweet-cicely Osmorhiza claytonii Bulblet water hemlock Cicuta bulbifera Common water plantain Alisma triviale Bulrush Scirpus spp. Common wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella Bunchberry Common woodrush Luzula multiflora Bur oak Quercus macrocarpa Common wood-sorrel Oxalis acetosella Bur-reed Sparganium spp. Contracted sedge Carex arcta Bush-honeysuckle Diervilla lonicera Cottonwood Populus deltoides Butter-and-eggs Linaria vulgaris Cow-wheat Melampyrum lineare Butternut Juglans cinerea Crack willow Salix fragilis Butterwort Pinguicula vulgaris Creeping cyperus Cyperus squarrosus Buttonbush Cephalanthus Creeping juniper Juniperus horizontalis occidentalis Creeping love grass Eragrostis hypnoides Buxbaum’s sedge Carex buxbaumii Creeping sedge Carex chordorrhiza Canada anemone Anemone canadensis Creeping snowberry Gaultheria hispidula Canada bluegrass Crested wood fern Dryopteris cristata Canada brome Bromus altissimus Cut-leaved anemone Anemone multifida Canada burnet Sanguisorba canadensis Cutler’s goldenrod Solidago cutleri Canada frostweed Helianthemum Cyperus-like sedge Carex pseudocyperus canadense Dame’s rocket Hesperis matronalis Canada honeysuckle Lonicera canadensis Davis’ sedge Carex davisii Canada mannagrass Deerberry Vaccinium stamineum Canada mayflower Maianthemum -hair sedge Scirpus cespitosus canadense Delicate-stemmed sedge Carex leptalea Canada violet Viola canadensis Depauperate panic grass Panicum depauperatum Canada yew Taxus canadensis Dewdrop Dalibarda repens Canadian milk vetch Astragalus canadensis Diapensia Diapensia lapponica Canadian rush Juncus canadensis Ditch stonecrop Penthorum sedoides Capillary beak-rush Rhynchospora capillacea Dock-leaved smartweed Polygonum Cardinal Lobelia cardinalis lapathifolium Carolina Dogbane Cattail sedge Carex typhina androsaemifolium Champlain beach grass Ammophila breviligulata Douglas’ knotweed Polygonum douglasii var. champlainensis Downy arrowwood Viburnum Chestnut oak Quercus prinus rafinesquianum

416 / Wetland, Woodland, Wildland Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name Downy chess Bromus tectorum Golden saxifrage Chrysosplenium Downy goldenrod Solidago puberula americanum Dragon’s mouth Arethusa bulbosa Goldenseal Hydrastis canadensis Drooping bluegrass Poa saltuensis Goldie’s wood fern Dryopteris goldiana Drooping bulrush Scirpus pendulus Goldthread Drooping sedge Carex crinita Goutweed Aegopodium podagraria Drooping woodreed Cinna latifolia Graceful sedge Carex gracillima Dutchman’s breeches Dicentra cucullaria Grass of Parnassus Parnassia glauca Dwarf bilberry Vaccinium cespitosum Grass pink Calopogon tuberosus Dwarf mistletoe Arceuthobium pusillum Grass-leaved goldenrod Euthamia graminifolia Dwarf raspberry pubescens Gray Betula populifolia Early blue violet Viola palmata Gray’s sedge Carex grayi Early saxifrage virginiensis Great St. John’s-wort Hypericum Early yellow violet Viola rotundifolia pyramidatum Eastern hemlock Tsuga canadensis Green adder’s mouth Malaxis unifolia Eastern red cedar Juniperus virginiana Green alder Alnus viridis Ebony sedge Carex eburnea Green ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica Ebony spleenwort Asplenium platyneuron Green dragon Arisaema dracontium European buckthorn Rhamnus frangula Green Mtn. maidenhair fern Adiantum Evening primrose Oenothera biennis viridimontanum Fairy-slipper Calypso bulbosa Green spleenwort Asplenium trichomanes- False hellebore Veratrum viride ramosum False hop sedge Carex lupuliformis Greenish sedge Carex viridula False nettle Boehmeria cylindrica Green-keeled cottongrass Eriophorum False pimpernel Lindernia dubia viridicarinatum False solomon’s seal Smilacina racemosa Ground cedar Lycopodium digitatum Fernald’s bluegrass Poa fernaldiana Ground-ivy Glechoma hederacea Fernald’s sedge Carex meritt-fernaldii Groundnut Apios americana Few-flowered panic grass Panicum oligosanthes Grove sandwort Arenaria lateriflora Few-flowered sedge Carex pauciflora Gynandrous sedge Carex gynandra Few-flowered spikerush pauciflora Hackberry Celtis occidentalis Few-seeded sedge Carex oligosperma Hairgrass Deschampsia flexuosa Field chickweed Cerastium arvense Hairy beardtongue Penstemon hirsutus Field pussytoes Antennaria neglecta Hairy honeysuckle Lonicera hirsuta Fir Abies balsamea Hairy lettuce Lactuca hirsuta Fir clubmoss Lycopodium Hairy rock cress Arabis hirsuta appalachianum Hairy-fruited sedge Carex lasiocarpa Flat-topped aster Aster umbellatus Hairy-leaved sedge Carex hirtifolia Floating pondweed Potamogeton natans Handsome sedge Carex formosa Flowering dogwood Hard-stem bulrush Scirpus acutus Flowering rush Butomus umbellatus Hare figwort Scrophularia lanceolata Foam flower Tiarella cordifolia Harebell Campanula rotundifolia Folliculate sedge Carex folliculata Hare’s tail cotton-grass Forked chickweed Paronychia canadensis var. spissum Four-leaved milkweed Asclepias quadrifolia Harsh sunflower Helianthus strumosus Fowl mannagrass Glyceria striata Hay sedge Carex siccata Foxtail sedge Carex vulpinoidea Hay-scented fern Dennstaedtia Fragrant fern Dryopteris fragrans punctilobula Fragrant sumac Rhus aromatica Heart-leaved aster Aster cordifolius Frank’s lovegrass Eragrostis frankii Heart-leaved paper birch Betula papyrifera var. Freshwater cordgrass Spartina pectinata cordifolia Fringed bindweed Polygonum cilinode Hemlock Tsuga canadensis Fringed gentian Gentianopsis crinita Hepatica Hepatica spp. Fringed loosestrife Lysimachia ciliata Herb Robert Geranium robertianum Frondose beggar’s ticks Bidens frondosa Hidden panic grass Panicum clandestinum Frondose muhlenbergia Muhlenbergia frondosa Hidden-spike dropseed Sporobolus cryptandrus Giant bur-reed Sparganium Highbush Vaccinium corymbosum eurycarpum Highland rush Juncus trifidus Giant goldenrod Solidago gigantea Hitchcock’s sedge Carex hitchcockiana Ginseng Panax quinquefolius Hoary sedge Glade fern Athyrium pycnocarpon Hoary willow Salix candida Golden pert Gratiola aurea Hobblebush Viburnum alnifolium Golden ragwort Senecio aureus Hog peanut Amphicarpaea bracteata

Appendix B / 417 Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name Honeysuckles Lonicera spp. Maple-leaved goosefoot Chenopodium Hooker’s orchis Habenaria hookeri gigantospermum Hophornbeam Ostrya virginiana Marcescent sandwort Arenaria marcescens Horned bladderwort Utricularia cornuta Marginal wood fern Dryopteris marginalis Hound’s tongue Cynoglossum officinale Marginate rush Juncus marginatus Hudson Bay bulrush Scirpus hudsonianus Marsh bedstraw palustre Hybrid cattail Typha x glauca Marsh bellflower Campanula aparinoides Hyssop-leaved fleabane Erigeron hyssopifolius Marsh blue violet Indian cucumber root Medeola virginiana Marsh cinquefoil Potentilla palustris Indian hemp Apocynum cannabinum Marsh fern Thelypteris palustris Indian pipes Monotropa uniflora Marsh hedge nettle Stachys palustris Inland sedge Carex interior Marsh marigold Caltha palustris Intermediate wood fern Dryopteris intermedia Marsh mermaid-weed Proserpinaca palustris Jack-in-the-pulpit Arisaema triphyllum Marsh skullcap Scutellaria galericulata Japanese barberry Berberis thunbergii Marsh spikerush Eleocharis palustris Japanese knotweed Polygonum cuspidatum Marsh St. John’s-wort Triadenum fraseri Jesup’s milkvetch Astragalus robbinsii var. Marsh valerian Valeriana uliginosa jesupii fern Thelypteris simulata Joe-pye weed Eupatorium maculatum Matted spike rush Eleocharis intermedia Jumpseed Polygonum virginianum Meadow beauty Rhexia virginica Kalm’s brome grass Bromus kalmii Meadow horsetail Equisetum pratense Kalm’s lobelia Lobelia kalmii Meadow-sweet Spiraea alba var. latifolia Labrador bedstraw Galium labradoricum Mild water-pepper Polygonum Labrador tea Ledum groenlandicum hydropiperoides Lace love-grass Eragrostis capillaris Minnesota sedge Carex albursina Lady fern Athyrium filix-femina Missouri rock-cress Arabis missouriensis Lady’s thumb Polygonum persicaria Moneywort Lysimachia nummularia Lake-cress Armoracia lacustris Monkey-flower Mimulus ringens Lakeshore sedge Carex lacustris Morrow’s honeysuckle Lonicera morrowii Lance-leaved loosestrife Lysimachia hybrida Mountain blueberry Vaccinium boreale Lance-leaved violet Viola lanceolata Mountain cranberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea Large cranberry Vaccinium macrocarpon Mountain fly honeysuckle Lonicera caerulea Large enchanter’s nightshade Circaea lutetiana (Lonicera villosa) Large whorled pogonia Isotria verticillata Mountain Nemopanthus Large-flowered trillium mucronatus Large-leaved aster Aster macrophyllus Mountain laurel Large-leaved sandwort Arenaria macrophylla Mountain maple Acer spicatum Late low blueberry Vaccinium pallidum Mountain sandwort Arenaria groenlandica Leafy bulrush Scirpus polyphyllus Mountain sweet-cicely Osmorhiza chilensis Least bur-reed Sparganium minimum Mountain wood fern Dryopteris campyloptera Leatherleaf Chamaedaphne Mud sedge Carex limosa calyculata Muhlenberg’s sedge Carex muhlenbergii Lesser pyrola Pyrola minor Musclewood Carpinus caroliniana Lily-leaved twayblade Liparis liliifolia Musk flower Mimulus moschatus Little bluestem Schizachyrium Naked miterwort Mitella nuda scoparium Nannyberry Viburnum lentago Livid sedge Carex livida Narrow-leaved cattail Typha angustifolia Loesel’s twayblade Liparis loeselii Needle spikerush Long beech fern Thelypteris phegopteris Nodding beggar’s-ticks Bidens cernua Longleaf bluet Hedyotis longifolia Nodding trillium Trillium cernuum (Houstonia longifolia) Northern bugleweed Lycopus uniflorus Long-spiked three-awn Aristida longespica Northern meadow-rue Thalictrum venulosum Loose sedge Carex laxiculmis Northern panic grass Panicum boreale Low bindweed Calystegia spithamea Northern sweet cicely Osmorhiza depauperata Low red shadbush Amelanchier sanguinea Northern toadflax Geocaulon lividum Low sweet blueberry Northern white cedar Thuja occidentalis Lyre-leaved rock cress Arabis lyrata Northern willow-herb Epilobium ciliatum Mad-dog skullcap Northern yellow-eyed grass Xyris Maidenhair fern Adiantum pedatum maple Acer platanoides Maidenhair spleenwort Asplenium trichomanes Oak fern Gymnocarpium Male fern Dryopteris filix-mas dryopteris Maleberry Lyonia ligustrina Obedience Physostegia virginiana Maple- viburnum Viburnum acerifolium

418 / Wetland, Woodland, Wildland Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name Olive spikerush Eleocharis flavescens var. Red maple olivacea Red oak Quercus rubra One-flowered pyrola Moneses uniflora Red Pinus resinosa One-sided pyrola Pyrola secunda Red raspberry Orange-grass St. John’s-wort Hypericum gentianoides Red spruce Picea rubens Ostrich fern Matteuccia struthiopteris Red trillium Trillium erectum Ovate spikerush Eleocharis ovata Red-berried elder Sambucus racemosa Ox-eye daisy Chrysanthemum Red-osier dogwood Cornus sericea leucanthemum Reed canary grass Phalaris arundinacea Painted trillium Trillium undulatum Rein orchids Habenaria spp. Pale corydalis Corydalis sempervirens Retrorse sedge Carex retrorsa Pale touch-me-not Impatiens pallida Rhodora Rhododendron Panicled tick-trefoil Desmodium canadense paniculatum Rice cutgrass oryzoides Paper birch Betula papyrifera Richardson’s sedge Carex richardsonii Partridgeberry Mitchella repens River bulrush Scirpus fluviatilis Pasture rose Rosa blanda Riverbank grape Vitis riparia Pedunculate sedge Carex pedunculata Riverbank wild-rye Elymus riparius Pellitory Parietaria pensylvanica Robbins’ ragwort Senecio schweinitzianus bittercress Cardamine pensylvanica (Senecio robbinsii) Pennywort Hydrocotyle americana Rock polypody Polypodium Perfoliate bellwort Uvularia perfoliata virginianum Pickerelweed Pontederia cordata Rock sandwort Arenaria stricta Pignut hickory Carya glabra Rock spike- Selaginella rupestris Pigweed Chenopodium album Rose pogonia Pogonia ophioglossoides Pin cherry Prunus pensylvanica Rose twisted stalk Streptopus roseus Pinedrops Pterospora andromedea Roseroot Sedum rosea Pink lady’s slipper Cypripedium acaule Rosy sedge Carex rosea Pink pyrola Pyrola asarifolia Rough avens Geum laciniatum Pipewort Eriocaulon aquaticum Roughleaf goldenrod Solidago patula Pipsissewa Chimaphila umbellata Rough-stemmed goldenrod Solidago rugosa Pitch pine Pinus rigida Rough-stemmed sedge Carex scabrata Pitcher Round-leaved dogwood Cornus rugosa Plains frostweed Helianthemum bicknellii Round-leaved sundew Drosera rotundifolia Plantain-leaved sedge Carex plantaginea Round-leaved tick-trefoil Desmodium Pod-grass Scheuchzeria palustris rotundifolium Pointed broom sedge Carex scoparia Royal fern Osmunda regalis Pointed-leaved tick-trefoil Desmodium glutinosum Rue anemone Anemonella thalictroides Poison ivy Toxicodendron radicans Rushes Juncus spp. Poison sumac Toxicodendron vernix Rusty woodsia Woodsia ilvensis Pondweeds Potamogeton spp. Sand cherry Prunus pumila Poor sedge Carex paupercula Sandbar willow Salix exigua Porcupine sedge Carex hystericina Sandbur Cenchrus longispinus Poverty grass Danthonia spicata Sarsaparilla Aralia nudicaulis Pumpkin sedge Carex aurea Scarlet oak Quercus coccinea Purple clematis Clematis occidentalis Schreber’s muhlenbergia Muhlenbergia schreberi Purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria Schweinitz’s sedge Carex schweinitzii Purple mountain saxifrage Scirpus-like sedge Carex scirpoidea Purple-flowering raspberry Rubus odoratus Scrub oak Quercus ilicifolia Purple-stemmed aster Aster puniceus Seneca snakeroot Polygala senega Purple-stemmed cliff brake Pellaea atropurpurea Sensitive fern Onoclea sensibilis Pursh’s bulrush Scirpus purshianus Serpentine maidenhair fern Adiantum aleuticum Puttyroot Aplectrum hyemale Sessile-fruited arrowhead Sagittaria rigida Quackgrass Elytrigia repens Shadbush Amelanchier spp. Quaking aspen Populus tremuloides Shagbark hickory Carya ovata Queen Anne’s lace Daucus carota Sheathed sedge Carex vaginata Quillworts Isoetes spp. Sheep laurel Racemed milkwort Polygala polygama Sheep sorrel Rumex acetosella Ram’s-head lady’s-slipper Cypripedium arietinum Shining clubmoss Lycopodium lucidulum Rand’s goldenrod Solidago simplex Shining ladies’ tresses Spiranthes lucida Rattlesnake fern Botrychium Shining willow Salix lucida virginianum Shore quillwort Isoetes riparia Rattlesnake-weed Hieracium venosum Shore sedge Carex lenticularis

Appendix B / 419 Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name Short-awn foxtail Alopecurus aequalis Sticky false asphodel Tofieldia glutinosa Short-headed sedge Carex brevior Stiff aster Aster linariifolius Short-styled snakeroot Sanicula canadensis Stipitate sedge Carex stipata Short-tailed rush Juncus brevicaudatus Stout goldenrod Solidago squarrosa Showy lady’s slipper Cypripedium reginae Stout woodreed Cinna arundinacea Showy mountain-ash Sorbus decora Strawberry-blite Chenopodium capitatum Showy tick-trefoil Desmodium canadense Striped maple Acer pensylvanicum Shrubby cinquefoil Potentilla fruticosa Sugar maple Acer Silky dogwood Cornus amomum Summer sedge Carex aestivalis Silky willow Salix sericea Swamp Birch Betula pumila Silver maple Acer saccharinum Swamp buttercup Ranunculus hispidus var. Silver-flowered sedge Carex argyrantha caricetorum Silverrod Solidago bicolor Swamp candles Lysimachia terrestris Silverweed Potentilla anserina Swamp dewberry Rubus hispidus Silvery glade fern Athyrium thelypteroides Swamp fly honeysuckle Lonicera oblongifolia Single-spike muhlenbergia Muhlenbergia glomerata Swamp red currant Ribes triste Skunk cabbage Symplocarpus foetidus Swamp rose Skunk currant Ribes glandulosum Swamp saxifrage Saxifraga pensylvanica Slender bulrush Scirpus heterochaetus Swamp thistle Cirsium muticum Slender cottongrass Eriophorum gracile Swamp white oak Quercus bicolor Slender knotweed Polygonum tenue Sweet birch Betula lenta Slender mannagrass Glyceria melicaria Sweet coltsfoot Petasites frigidus var. Slender mountain rice Oryzopsis pungens palmatus Slender sedge Carex tenera Sweet flag calamus Slender spikerush Eleocharis tenuis Sweet gale Myrica gale Slender wheatgrass Elymus trachycaulus Sweet golderod Solidago odora Slender willow Salix petiolaris Swollen sedge Carex intumescens Slender-branched rush Juncus pelocarpus Sycamore Platanus occidentalis Slender-stemmed flatsedge Cyperus filiculmis Tall beggar’s ticks Bidens vulgata Slippery elm Ulmus rubra Tall meadow rue Thalictrum pubescens Small cranberry Tall white aster Aster lanceolatus Small skullcap Scutellaria parvula Tall wormwood Artemisia campestris ssp. Small yellow lady’s slipper Cypripedium calceolus borealis var. parviflorum Tamarack Larix laricina Small-flowered woodrush Luzula parviflora Tapering rush Juncus acuminatus Smith’s bulrush Scirpus smithii Tartarian honeysuckle Lonicera tatarica Smooth alder Alnus serrulata Thimbleweed Anemone virginiana Smooth cliff brake Pellaea glabella Thin cyperus Cyperus strigosus Smooth false-foxglove Aureolaria flava Thin-flowered sedge Carex tenuiflora Smooth shadbush Amelanchier laevis Three-birds orchid Triphora trianthophora Smooth woodsia Woodsia glabella Three-leaved false Solomon’s seal Smilacina trifolia Sneezeweed Helenium autumnale Three-seeded sedge Carex trisperma Snowberry Symphoricarpos albus Three-square bulrush Scirpus americanus Snowy aster Solidago ptarmicoides Three-toothed cinquefoil Potentilla tridentata Soft-stem bulrush Scirpus validus Three-way sedge Dulichium Southern twayblade Listera australis arundinaceum Spatulate-leaved sundew Drosera intermedia Timothy Phleum pratense Speckled alder Alnus incana Toothed cyperus Cyperus dentatus Spicebush Lindera benzoin Torrey’s rush Juncus torreyi Spiked oatgrass Trisetum spicatum Tradescant’s aster Aster tradescantii Spiral whitlow-grass Draba arabisans Trout lily Erythronium Spotted touch-me-not Impatiens capensis americanum Spotted water-hemlock Tubercled orchid Habenaria flava Sprengel’s sedge Carex sprengelii Tuckerman’s sedge Carex tuckermanii Spring beauty Claytonia caroliniana Tufted hairgrass Deschampsia cespitosa Squashberry Tufted loosestrife Squawroot Conopholis americana Tussock sedge corn Dicentra canadensis Twig rush Cladium mariscoides Staghorn clubmoss Lycopodium clavatum Twinflower borealis Starflower Trientalis borealis Twisted sedge Carex torta Starry false Solomon’s seal Smilacina stellata Two-parted cyperus Cyperus bipartitus Steeplebush Spiraea tomentosa Two-seeded sedge Carex disperma Steller’s cliff brake Cryptogramma stelleri Umbellate sedge Carex umbellata

420 / Wetland, Woodland, Wildland Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name Umbrella flatsedge Cyperus diandrus Wild sensitive plant Chamaecrista nictitans Upland boneset Eupatorium sessilifolium Willow Salix spp. Variegated scouring-rush Equisetum variegatum Winterberry holly Vasey’s rush Juncus vaseyi Wintergreen Gaultheria procumbens Velvetleaf blueberry Vaccinium myrtilloides Witch hazel Hamamelis virginiana Virginia chain fern Woodwardia virginica Witchgrass Virginia cotton-grass Eriophorum virginicum Wood lily Virginia creeper Parthenocissus Wood effusum quinquefolia Wood nettle Laportea canadensis Virginia spring beauty Claytonia virginica Woodland sedge Carex pensylvanica Virginia wild-rye Elymus virginicus Woodland sunflower Helianthus divaricatus Virgin’s bower Clematis virginiana Woolgrass Walking fern Asplenium rhizophyllum Woolly panic grass Panicum lanuginosum Wall-rue Asplenium ruta-muraria Woolly-headed willow Salix eriocephala Water avens Geum rivale Yarrow Achillea millefolium Water chestnut Trapa natans Yellow Bartonia virginica Water horsetail Equisetum fluviatile Yellow birch Betula alleghaniensis Water suave Yellow iris Water purslane Ludwigia palustris Yellow mountain saxifrage Saxifraga aizoides Water sedge Carex aquatilis Yellow nutsedge Cyperus esculentus Water willow Decodon verticillatus Yellow oak Quercus muehlenbergii Waterleaf Hydrophyllum Yellow panic grass Panicum xanthophysum virginianum Yellow sedge Carex flava Waterweed Elodea canadensis Yellow water-crowfoot Ranunculus flabellaris White adder’s mouth Malaxis monophyllos Yellow waterlily Nuphar variegata White ash Fraxinus americana Yellow wild-indigo Baptisia tinctoria White baneberry Actaea alba Zigzag goldenrod Solidago flexicaulis White beakrush Rhynchospora alba White boneset Eupatorium perfoliatum Non-Vascular Plants White fringed orchid Habenaria blephariglottis Common Name Scientific Name White mandarin Streptopus amplexifolius Liverworts White mountain saxifrage Saxifraga aizoon Liverwort Bazzania trilobata White oak Liverwort Cladipodiella fluitans White pine Liverwort Gymnocolea inflata White snakeroot Eupatorium rugosum Liverwort Mylia anomala White spruce Picea glauca Liverwort Plagiochila asplenioides White sweet clover Melilotus alba Liverwort Ptilidium pulcherimum White turtlehead Chelone glabra Liverwort Trichocolea tomentella White waterlily Nymphaea odorata White wood aster Aster divaricatus Mosses White-flowered leafcup Polymnia canadensis Whitegrass Moss Atrichum undulatum Whorled aster Aster acuminatus Moss Aulacomnium palustre Whorled loosestrife Lysimachia quadrifolia Moss Brachythecium rivulare Whorled milkwort Polygala verticillata Moss Bryum lisae Wide-leaved sedge Carex platyphylla Moss Bryum Wiegand’s wild-rye Elymus wiegandii pseudotriquetrum Wild chives Allium schoenoprasum Moss Bryum spp. var. sibiricum Moss cordifolium Wild columbine Aquilegia canadensis Moss Wild cucumber Echinocystis lobata Moss Calliergon obtusifolium Wild geranium Geranium maculatum Moss Calliergon richardsonii Wild ginger Asarum canadense Moss Calliergon stramineum Wild jacob’s ladder Polemonium van- Moss Calliergon trifarium bruntiae Moss Calliergonella cuspidata Wild leeks Allium tricoccum Starry campylium Campylium stellatum Wild lupine Lupinus perennis Tree Moss Climaceum dendroides Wild mint Mentha arvensis Moss Cynclidium stygium Wild oats Uvularia sessilifolia Windswept Moss Dicranum flagellare Wild raisin Viburnum nudum var. Windswept Moss Dicranum montanum cassinoides Windswept Moss Dicranum scoparium Wild rice Zizania aquatica Windswept Moss Dicranum spp.

Appendix B / 421 Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name Windswept Moss Dicranum undulatum Moss Sphagnum warnstorfii Moss Drepanocladus aduncus Moss Sphagnum wulfianum Moss Drepanocladus spp. dung moss Splachnum Moss Hamatocaulis vernicosus ampullaceum (Drepanocladus Common fern moss Thuidium delicatulum vernicosus) Moss Tomenthypnum nitens Moss Helodium blandowii Moss Warnstorfia exannulatus Stair-step moss Hylocomnium splendens (Drepanocladus Moss Hypnum imponens exannulatus) Moss Hypnum lindbergii Moss Warnstorfia fluitans Moss riparium (Drepanocladus (Amblystegium exannalatus) riparium) Pin-cushion moss Leucobryum glaucum Cetraria sp. Moss Limprichtia cossonii lichen Cladina rangiferina (Drepanocladus Reindeer lichen Cladina spp. revolvens var. Rock tripe Umbilicaria spp. intermedius) Moss Meesia triquetra Moss Paludella squarrosa Moss Philinotis fontana Animals Moss Plagiomnium cuspidatum (Mnium Common Name Scientific Name cuspidatum) Birds Moss Plagiothecium denticulatum Alder flycatcher Empidomax alnorum Schreber’s moss Pleurozium schreberi American bittern Botaurus lentiginosus Haircap moss American woodcock Scolopax minor juniperinum Bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus Haircap moss Polytrichum piliferum Bank swallow Riparia riparia Haircap moss Polytrichum spp. Barn owl Tyto alba Haircap moss Polytrichum strictum Bay-breasted warbler Dendroica castanea Knight’s plume moss Ptilium cristra-castrensis Belted kingfisher Ceryle alcyon Moss Rhizomnium punctatum Bicknell’s thrush Catharus bicknelli (Mnium punctatum) Black and white warbler Mniotilta varia Moss Rhytidiadelphus Black duck Anas rubripes squarrosus Black tern Chlidonias niger Shaggy moss Rhytidiadelphus Black-backed woodpecker Picoides arcticus triquetrus Blackburnian warbler Dendroica fusca Moss Schistidium apocarpum Black-capped chickadee Parus atricapillus (Grimmia apocarpa) Black-crowned night heron Nycticorax nycticorax Moss Scorpidium scorpioides Blackpoll warbler Dendroica striata Moss Sphagnum angustifolium Black-throated blue warbler Dendroica caerulescens Moss Sphagnum capillifolium Black-throated green warbler Dendroica virens Moss Sphagnum centrale Blue-gray gnatcatcher Polioptila caerulea Moss Sphagnum cuspidatum Blue-winged teal Anas discors Moss Sphagnum fallax Boreal chickadee Parus hudsonicus Moss Sphagnum fimbriatum Brown creeper Certhia americana Moss Sphagnum flexuosum Canada goose Branta canadensis Moss Sphagnum fuscum Canada warbler Wilsonia canadensis Moss Sphagnum girgensohnii Bombycilla cedrorum Moss Sphagnum Cerulean warbler Dendroica cerulea magellanicum Common loon Gavia immer Moss Sphagnum majus Common moorhen Gallinula chloropus Moss Sphagnum palustre Common snipe Gallinago gallinago Moss Sphagnum papillosum Common yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas Moss Sphagnum pulchrum Dark-eyed junco Junco hyemalis Moss Sphagnum russowii Eastern wood pewee Contopus virens Moss Sphagnum spp. Gray catbird Dumetella caroliniensis Moss Sphagnum squarrosum Gray jay Perisoreus canadensis Moss Sphagnum subsecundum Great black-backed gull Larus marinus Moss Sphagnum subtile Great blue heron Ardea herodias Moss Sphagnum teres Great crested flycatcher Myiarchus crinitus

422 / Wetland, Woodland, Wildland Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name Green heron Butorides virescens Yellow-throated vireo Vireo flavifrons Hermit thrush Catharus guttatus Herring gull Larus argentatus Fish Least bittern Ixobrychus exilis Northern pike Esox lucius Lincoln’s sparrow Melospiza lincolnii Magnolia warbler Dendroica magnolia Reptiles and Amphibians Anas platyrhynchos American toad Bufo americanus Marsh wren Cistothorus palustris Blue-spotted salamander Ambystoma laterale Mourning warbler Oporornis philadelphia Brown snake Storeria dekayi Nashville warbler Vermivora ruficapilla Bullfrog Rana catesbeiana Northern harrier Circus cyaneus Common garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis Northern oriole Icterus galbula Common snapping turtle Chelydra serpentina Northern parula Parula americana Eastern newt Notophthalmus Northern rough-winged viridescens swallow Stelgidopteryx Eastern rat snake Elaphne obsoleta serripennis Five-lined skink Eumeces fasciatus Northern saw-whet owl Aegolius acadicus Four-toed salamander Hemidactylium Northern waterthrush Seiurus noveboracensis scutatum Olive-sided flycatcher Contopus borealis Gray treefrog Hyla versicolor Osprey Pandion haliaetus Green frog Rana clamitans Ovenbird Seiurus aurocapillus Jefferson salamander Ambystoma Palm warbler Dendroica palmarum jeffersonianum Peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus Mink frog Rana septentrionalis Pied-billed grebe Podilymbus podiceps Northern dusky salamander Desmognathus fuscus Pileated woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus Northern leopard frog Rana pipiens Pine warbler Dendroica pinus Northern redbacked Purple martin Progne subis salamander Plethodon cinereus Raven Corvus corax Northern two-lined Red-breasted nuthatch Sitta canadensis salamander Eurycea bislineata Red-eyed vireo Vireo olivaceus Northern water snake Nerodia sipedon Red-headed woodpecker Melanerpes Painted turtle Chrysemys picta erythrocephalus Pickerel frog Rana palustris Red-shouldered hawk Buteo lineatus Redbelly snake Storeria Red-tailed hawk Buteo jamaicaensis occipitomaculata Red-winged blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus Ringneck snake Diadophis punctatus Rose-breasted grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus Spiny soft shell turtle Apalone spinifera Ruby-crowned kinglet Regulus calendula Spotted salamander Ambystoma maculatum Rusty blackbird Euphagus carolinus Spotted turtle Clemmys guttata Scarlet tanager Piranga olivacea Spring peeper Pseudacris crucifer Sedge wren Cistothorus platensis Spring salamander Gyrinophilus Short-eared owl Asio flammeus porphyriticus Snow goose Chen caerulescens Timber rattlesnake Crotalus horridus Solitary vireo Vireo solitarius Wood frog Rana sylvatica Porzana carolina Wood turtle Clemmys insculpta Spotted sandpiper Actitus macularia Spruce Dendragapus canadensis Invertebrates Swainson’s thrush Catharus ustulatus Black-tipped darner Aeshna tuberculifera Swamp sparrow Melospiza georgiana Bog copper butterfly Epidemia epixanthe Tufted titmouse Parus bicolor phaedra vulture Cathartes aura Bog tiger moth Grammia virguncula Upland sandpiper Bartramia longicauda speciosa Veery Catharus fuscescens Boulder-beach tiger beetle Cicindela Virginia rail Rallus limicola ancocisconensis Warbling vireo Vireo gilvus Canada darner Aeshna canadensis White-throated sparrow Zonotrichia albicollis Clay bank tiger beetle Cicindela limbalis Meleagris gallopavo Cobblestone tiger beetle Cicindela marginipennis Wilson’s warbler Wilsonia pusilla Common shore tiger beetle Cicindela repanda Winter wren Troglodytes troglodytes Copepods Copepoda (Order) Aix sponsa Elfin skimmer Nannothemis bella Yellow warbler Dendroica petechia Fairy shrimp Eubranchipus spp. Yellow-bellied flycatcher Empidonax flaviventris Fingernail clams Sphaerium spp. Yellow-billed cuckoo Coccyzus americanus Forcipate emerald Somatochlora forcipata Yellow-rumped warbler Dendroica coronata Gray petaltail Tachopteryx thoreyi

Appendix B / 423 Common Name Scientific Name Green-striped darner Aeshna verticalis Kennedy’s emerald Somatochlora kennedyi Lake darner Aeshna eremita Ocellated emerald Somatochlora minor Ostrich fern borer Papaipema n. sp.; pterisii complex Snails Gastrapoda (Class) Hairy-necked tiger beetle, Cicindella hirticollis Twelve-spotted tiger beetle Cicindela duodecimguttata Variable darner Aeshna interrupta Water flea Daphnia spp. Mammals Castor canadensis Black bear Ursus americanus Bobcat Lynx rufus Tamias striatus Coyote Canis latrans Deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus Eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus Fisher Martes pennanti Gray squirrel Sciurus carolinensis Masked shrew Sorex cinereus Meadow jumping mouse Zapus hudsonius Meadow vole Microtus pennsylvanicus Mink Mustela vison Moose Alces alces Muskrat Ondatra zibethicus Northern flying squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus Porcupine Erethizon dorsatum Procyon lotor Red fox Vulpes vulpes Red squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus River otter Lutra canadensis Rock vole Microtus chrotorrhinus Short-tailed shrew Blarina brevicauda Snowshoe hare Lepus americanus Southern bog lemming Synaptomys cooperi Southern flying squirrel Glaucomys volans Southern red-backed vole Clethrionomys gapperi Star-nosed mole Condylura cristata White-footed mouse Peromyscus leucopus White-tailed deer Odocoileus virginiana Woodland jumping mouse Napaeozapus insignis

424 / Wetland, Woodland, Wildland