A Age and Head Practices, 23, 24 Culturally Conferred, 16 Expression

Index

A state of, 170 Age Classic period, 186 and head practices, 23, 24 cranial survey, 186 culturally conferred, 16 kaleidoscope of, 197 expression, 22 Mesoamerica, 185 skeletal morphology, 17 Mesoamerican cultures, 190 toddler, 25 second half of, 188 Agency Classic period Maya, 209, 232 aspects of, 13 lowlands, 217 Altar de Sacrificios, 171 Conquest, 23, 101, 104, 108 Amahuaca, 121 Constriction Amazon basin, 120 cephalic, 4 Andes, 1, 114 sagittal, 190 Archaic, 3 Costa Rica Aztec Tlatelolco, 247 Talamanca area, 120 Cranial modification, 177 B custom of, 119 Belize, 2 in Caribbean region, 101, 102 Bioarchaeology, 6, 14 in colonial sources, 100–116 Body modifications preclassic, 166 artificial, 18, 19 pristine, 165, 171 in ancient Mesoamerica, 19–22 protracted quality of, 4 in Mesoamerica, 7 Cranial vault, 4 indigenous, 5 Cranial-vault modification, 1, 109, 214, 224 past overview, 18–22 ancient, conceptualization of, 22 permanent, 14 physical beauty enhancement, 27 E Body theory, 17 Eethnicity archaeological and anthropological, 17 social role, 234 host of research, 16 El Salvador, 2 Bolivia, 112, 125, 126 San Andrés, 246 Brazil, 99, 112, 117, 120, 121 Ethnicity, 261, 265 Europeans, 101 C F Caribbean, 99, 101, 102, 117 Flattened heads, 262–264 Chauco, 110, 111 Chiapas G central depression of, 188 Gender La Angostura, 188 and head practices, 25, 26

V. Tiesler, The Bioarchaeology of Artiﬁcial Cranial Modiﬁcations, 267 Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology 7, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-8760-9, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 268 Index

expression of, 4, 6 Mesoamerica, 1, 6, 7, 17, 20–22, 24, 27, 99, identity, 1 125, 261, 265 theory, 7 archaeological record of, 21 Guatemala, 2 classic period, 185 Seibal, 177 cranial data, 187 Tikal, 173 cranial–record of, 261 Zacpetén, 254 cultural fringes of, 106 Zaculeu, 188 definition of, 3 Gulf Coast cultures see also Veracruz, 245 dental work, 21 El Tajín, 190 H geocultural space, 2 Head shaping highland, 185 practice of, 120 Iberian conquest, 262 Health risks ideologcial framework of, 5 neurological, 7 northern borderlands of, 187 Hidalgo northern fringes of, 168 Zumpango, 247 Olmec, 174 Historical sources Olmecoid head forms, role of, 178, 179, 181 recompilation of, 99 origins of head-compression practices, Honduras, 2 164–166 Ulúa Valley, 203 preclassic body modification, 164 shores of, 3 I southeastern hinterlands, 262 Iberian colonization, 112 sub-regions set, 2 Identities territories of, 164 and head-shaping practices, 22 Mexico Identity Tenochtitlán, 174 and head-shaping practices, 22, 26, 27 Mictlantecuhtli, 192 collective, 234 Midwife cultural, expressions of, 20 newborn child, 103 embodied group, 4 Mixe, 119 family, 23 Mixtec, 2 gender, 1 Mixtequilla, 27 group, 211 Interdisciplinary, 6 N cultural examination, 6 Native, 14, 23 Isthmus of Tehuantepec, 3, 164, 170, 174, 195 Neanderthal, 1 New Spain, 251, 255 L rural backwaters, 254 Lacandons, 119 suppressing cradleboarding in, 251 Lake Petén see also Zacpetén, 254 Nicaragua, 2, 106, 119, 120 Lake Titicaca, 112 O M Olmec Mérida see also Yucatán, 254 coastal plains, 164 Male, 25 head forms, 174, 176–179, 181 Material record head profiles, 169 evaluation of, 17 hegemonies of the Gulf Coast, 170 individual recognition, 14–16 skeletal studies, 6 P Maya, 2, 3, 7, 19, 21, 22, 25, 26, 105, 119, 120 Petén, 2 Maya practitioners, 210–214 Pochteca see also Traders, 241 Mayan, 25 Postclassic period Index 269

Mesoamerican cranial modifications, U 241–243, 245–250 Ulúa Valley, 203 Mesoamerican highland areas, 247 Upbringing Preclassic, 163 liminal stages of, 249 body modifications, 164 Usumacinta river, 201, 202, 225 final stages of, 181 Maya repositories, 177 V Monte Albán period, 164 Veracruz Monte Negro period, 164 cultures of, 245 Olmec heads project, 179 Viceroyalty site of Tlaltenco, 167 of New Spain, 102–106 skeletal assemblages, 171 of Peru, 106–116 Peruvian, 117 S Sagittal sulcus W impression of, 217 Western Mexico, 265 Soconusco, 170, 171, 174, 179 obelionic flattening, 248 Syncretism, 179 X T Xcambó Tabasco, 178, 195 coastal settlement of, 198, 214 Tres Zapotes, 174 merchant port of, 261 Teotihuacán, 3 Xuenkal, 229 decline of, 261 urban ans suburban neighborhoods, 185 Y Terminology, 5 Yucatán, 3 native, 24 conquest of, 105 Tlatilco, 167 peninsula of, 172, 195–200 Toniná, 202, 226 Yaxuná, 196 Top-flattened heads, 27, 199, 234, 242 Totonac, 2, 27, 104 Z Traders, 200 Zacpetén coastal, 221 Itzá site of, 254 mobility of, 235 Zaculeu, 188