Language 2005-2009 American Community Survey
March 2011
Department of Community Planning, Housing and Development Planning Division Planning Research and Analysis Team Arlington Vision
“Arlington will be a diverse and inclusive world-class urban community with secure, attractive residential and commercial neighborhoods where people unite to form a caring, learning, participating, sustainable community in which each person is important.”
— Arlington County Board 2005-2009 American Community Survey: Language Introduction 2005-2009 American Community Survey
This report, Language, 2005-2009 American Community Sample Size Survey, is the fifth in a series to examine the 2005-2009 While the ACS replaces the decennial census long American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates form, it is administered to a much smaller sample of for Arlington County, Virginia. This report compares the population. The 2005-2009 ACS 5-Year Estimate the estimates of the 5-Year ACS to the 2000 Census data, used for this and subsequent topic reports, long form survey. Other report topics in this series sampled 12,285 individuals out of an estimated 206,405 include: households and families, race/ethnicity, income, Arlington residents. This sample size represents about employment, poverty, housing, language, commuting, 5.95 percent of Arlington’s population. The sample size and education. for the 2000 Census long form was more than double the ACS sample at 12.8 percent. The ACS is an annual survey, administered by the U.S. Census Bureau, that samples 3 million residential addresses throughout the United States. It replaces Margin of Error and Coefficients of Variation the long-form survey previously used in the decennial Since the period estimates are based on a sample census. The 2005-2009 ACS is not an average of five of the population, there is a margin of error (MOE) years nor 60 months, rather the data collected are associated with each estimate. The MOE provides aggregated and spread evenly across the entire period information on how much sampling error is associated represented without over-representing any particular with each estimate. A larger MOE indicates a less month or year. reliable estimate, relative to the size of the estimate. Since estimates vary, it can be difficult to decipher Availability whether an estimate is reliable using the MOE. The ACS provides time period estimates on population Coefficients of variation (CV) are values that represent characteristics that were collected over one, three, a percentage of variability and determine the reliability and five years. Figure 1 shows the collection dates for an estimate. The CV is a ratio of the standard for each of the published ACS data products. The error to the estimated value. Estimates with lower CV data produced in the one-year estimate are most are more reliable. For this series of reports, the CV current to the year of collection. However, the 5-year will be used to determine if the estimates are reliable. estimate provides data that are not as current but Estimates with CV values below 5.00 are considered to more precise and reliable, due to a larger sample size. be very reliable. For this and subsequent topic reports, estimates with CV values between 5.00 and 15.00 are Also shown in Figure 1, each period estimate is considered slightly less reliable. Estimates with CV only published for areas with minimum population values higher than 15.00 are not considered reliable. requirements. For example, the one-year estimate provides data annually for city/county geographic areas with populations of at least 65,000. The 2005-2009 Significance Testing ACS 5-year estimate, released in December 2010, Significance testing is important for determining is the first set of ACS data released at the Census whether the difference between the 2000 Census tract and block group geographic level since the 2000 and 2005-2009 ACS 5-Year estimates are likely due to Census. random chance (sampling error) or likely represents a true difference that exists in the population as a whole. Figure 1: ACS Published Data This report identifies the statistical significance of the ACS Estimate Data Collected Published for Areas change in the estimates at a 90 percent confidence 2009 ACS (1-Year) 1/1/2009-12/31/2009 Populations 65,000+ level. 2009 ACS (3-Year) 1/1/2007-12/31/2009 Populations 20,000+ 2009 ACS (5-Year) 1/1/2005-12/31/2009 Almost any size
CPHD: Planning Division (Planning Research and Analysis Team) 3 2005-2009 American Community Survey: Language Language Overview 2005-2009 Through the ACS, the U.S. Census Bureau collects Linguistically Isolated households. The majority of the information on the language spoken at home. The non-English Speaking Households are not Linguistically data are categorized into four main groups besides Isolated at 83.2 percent, as Figure 4 shows below. English and are defined in Figure 3 on the right. If However, 16.8 percent of households are deemed to English is not the primary language spoken at home, be Linguistically Isolated, meaning they have limited the respondent is asked to write in their spoken English communication skills or abilities. Both language. The respondent is also asked how well Linguistically and non-Linguistically Isolated household they speak English. From these questions it can be estimates are considered to be reliable. determined if a household is linguistically isolated; a linguistically isolated household was one in which all Figure 3: Language Groups adults had some limitation in communicating English. Spanish includes Spanish, Spanish Creole, and For a household to be classified linguistically isolated, Ladino. the following two criteria need to be satisfied: No household member age 14 and over spoke only English Other Indo-European languages include most and no household member age 14 and over spoke languages of Europe and the Indic languages of English “very well” who also spoke another language. India.
According to the 2005-2009 ACS 5-Year Estimate, the Asian and Pacific Island languages include majority (73.0%) of Arlington residents speak only Chinese; Korean; Japanese; Vietnamese; Hmong; English at home, as Figure 2 shows. Spanish is the Khmer; Lao; Thai; Tagalog or Pilipino; the Dravidian second most common language spoken at home by languages of India, such as Telugu, Tamil, and 12.0 percent of households. The estimates for those Malayalam; and other languages of Asia and the that speak only English or Spanish are considered Pacific, including the Philippine, Polynesian, and to be reliable with CV values of 1.07 and 3.45. The Micronesian languages. remaining residents speak either Other Indo-European Languages, Asian and Pacific Island languages, or Other All Other languages include Uralic languages, languages. Even though the CV are slightly higher such as Hungarian; the Semitic languages, such for these groups at 4.85, 5.31 and 9.66 percents, the as Arabic and Hebrew; languages of Africa; native estimates are still considered reliable. North American languages, including the American Indian and Alaska native languages; and indigenous The non-English speaking households have been languages of Central and South America. broken down into Linguistically Isolated and not
Figure 2: Language Spoken at Home Figure 4: Non-English Speaking Households Language Households Percent CV English only 65,944 73.0% (1.07) Linguistically Not linguistically isolated Spanish 10,808 12.0% (3.45) isolated 16.8% 83.2% (6.98) Other Indo-European 6,594 7.3% (4.85) (2.90) Asian and Pacific Island 4,685 5.2% (5.31) Other Languages 2,272 2.5% (9.66) Total Households 90,303 100.0% (0.70)
Coefficient of Variation (CV) = Percent of Variability Reliable = CV < 5.00 Less Reliable = 5.00 < CV < 15.00 Not Reliable = CV > 15.00
4 CPHD: Planning Division (Planning Research and Analysis Team) 2005-2009 American Community Survey: Language
Linguistic Isolation (2005-2009) 2005-2009 American Community Survey
The census tract level estimates of households that Non-Linguistically Isolated households varied in range are Linguistically Isolated contain very high CVs. Due from 82.6% to 100%. Non-Linguistically Isolated to the unreliability of these estimates, this map displays households are most prevalent in North Arlington; households that are NOT Linguistically Isolated. conversely, Linguistically Isolated households are prevalent along Columbia Pike.
Figure 5: Non-Linguistically Isolated Households,C 2005-2009. H A IN B R ID G E R D BE RD N GLE
M
I L I T A
R
Y
R
D 100%
LVD 97.9% G B UR SB IAM N O LL L WI H D A D R O
J R M O 98.9% I I S N WY 98.6% H I K O O LO N P N N N R RU T T CO T D
M T S U S M O S LN R P
S S
A T K E
R C N R 9.5% S O N
O
H T LEE HWY Y R
M L A S
A
A L D
M N 99.5% C L O P
Y D 94.7% O 96.5% K S D R 92.9% W 94.8% I V R L N VD B N K 66 BL N FAIR TE W O FAX DR STA ON T R O G 96.4% TE ND N R N N I I O 99.2% RE L O R D A U Q L A T C
U 94.5% TON BLVD R E NG I WASHI D N 1 I 1 N C 99.0% TE 0 R RS Y AMP TA FAX DR T PFAIR S E R RAM 66 D T 97.8%
R 100% Y 98.6% R O R D 5 O N D G 9 E LV D N 3 S B I N R H E H O S E ILS N R S T V K W E A O P W E C S T I S N L A 84.0% S R F T R S R T E I E L H B A D I T 99.0% L N L P N N M I V E G
H O T D 92.2% 89.0% O 97.5% R N E B S L S V J T D O
92.4% Y KE C I E A P 12 BI TH 91.1% S S LUM T S T 95.1% 92.9% CO 94.0% R D S AM 5TH R P S 15TH ST S HA YE R S D
S
G ST L L R A
E T 82.6% D B 94.9% S T S S E Y A S
F 91.2% V Y O 94.3% R R S A 23RD ST S R R U D L
D R N C I D N A M Y G N I E L M 91.2% O E T R S 97.6% S R O A U A N M N
D 93.1% R E R I G D R 93.4% 93.5% DR G O E E D Non-Linguistically Isolated Households E E R 98.9% G R R D S TE AL W As a Percent of all Households S 95.1% 82.6% - 85.0% 5 N 9 L 3 TE STA R TER E 85.1% - 95.0% IN 99.6% K
S A K IN U G Q S > 95.0% T
Arlington Cemetery, Iwo Jima, and Pentagon Land Areas
Estimate Not Reliable
CPHD: Planning Division (Planning Research and Analysis Team) 5 2005-2009 American Community Survey: Language Linguistic Isolation (2000) 2000 Decennial Census
This map replicates the classifications of Non- are most prevalent in North Arlington. Conversely, Linguistically Isolated households as shown in Figure Linguistically Isolated households are concentrated 5 with Census 2000 data. Non-Linguistically Isolated around Columbia Pike. Overall, there are more households varied in range from 70.5% to 100% and Linguistically Isolated households in Arlington in 2000 than in 2005-2009.
Figure 6: Non-Linguistically Isolated Households,C 2000. H A IN B R ID G E R D BE RD N GLE
M
I L I T A
R
Y
R
D 99.5%
LVD 99.6% G B UR SB IAM N O LL L WI H D A D R O
J R M O 99.0% I I S N WY 99.1% H I K O O LO N P N N N R RU T T CO T D
M T S U S M O S LN R P
S S
A T K E
R C N R 94.6% S O N
O
H T LEE HWY Y R
M L A S
A
A L D
M N 99.8% C L O P
Y D 93.8% O 93.5% K S D R 88.2% W 98.5% I V R L N VD B N K 66 BL N FAIR TE W O FAX DR STA ON T R O G 97.4% TE ND N R N N I I O 94.0% RE L O R D A U Q L A T C
U 96.1% TON BLVD R E NG I WASHI D N 1 I 1 N C 98.9% TE 0 R RS Y AMP TA FAX DR T PFAIR S E R RAM 66 D T 94.8%
R Y 97.2% R O R D 5 O N D G 9 E LV D N 3 S B I N R H E H O S E ILS N R S T V K W E A O P W E C S T I S N L A 100% S R F T R S R T E I E L H B A D I T 98.5% 97.8% L N L P N N M I V E G
H O T D 90.7% 77.8% O 91.1% R N E B S L S V J T D O
93.7% Y KE C I E A P 12 BI TH 83.3% S S LUM T S T 90.6% 88.8% CO 98.8% R D S AM 5TH R P S 15TH ST S HA YE R S D
S
G ST L L R A
E T 76.0% D B 93.3% S T S S E Y A S
F 71.6% V Y O 89.1% R R S A 23RD ST S R R U D L
D R N C I D N A M Y G N I E L M 94.1% O E T R S 97.0% S R O A U A N M N
D 91.6% R E R I G D R 70.5% 88.9% DR G O E E D E E R 98.8% G R R D S TE AL W Non-Linguistically Isolated Households S 96.0%
As a Percent of all Households 5 N 9 L 3 TE STA R TER E 70.5% - 85.0% IN 99.7% K
S A K IN U G Q S 85.1% - 95.0% T
> 95.0%
Arlington Cemetery, Iwo Jima, and Pentagon Land Areas
6 CPHD: Planning Division (Planning Research and Analysis Team) 2005-2009 American Community Survey: Language Race / Ethnicity 2000 Decennial Census and 2005-2009 American Community Survey
Between 2000 and 2005-2009, the White population 13.6 percent of the Hispanic/Latino population in 2005- increased by the largest amount (15,189) of any of the 2009, compared to 8.8 percent in 2000. Those that speak race or ethnicity categories for the population aged 5 Another Language at home and also speak English “very and over to form the largest racial group in Arlington well” increased to occupy a share of 51.4 percent of the (115,210 with a CV of 0.7). Hispanic/Latino population in 2005-2009 compared to 33.4 percent in 2000. All other race categories, with While the Hispanic/Latino population aged 5 and up the exception of Black/African American, exhibited an declined from 32,128 in 2000 to 30,948 in 2005-2009, increase in speaking Another Language at home and their language proficiency shifted. Those that speak speaking English very well.. only English at home increased to occupy a share of
Figure 7: English Proficiency by Race and Ethnicity for the population over 5 years of age, 2000 and 2005-2009.
Census 2000 ACS 2005-2009 Change Margin Statistically Language Category Number % Estimate of Error CV % Significant?
White (includes Hispanic/Latino) Speak only English 100,021 80.3% 115,210 1,359 0.7 83.2% Yes Speaks Another Language and Speaks English "Very Well" 13,757 11.0% 16,020 1,189 4.5 11.6% Yes Speaks Another Language and Speaks English "Less Than Very Well" 10,800 8.7% 7,223 819 6.9 5.2% Yes Total 124,578 100% 138,453 1,235 0.5 100% Yes
Black/African American (includes Hispanic/Latino) Speak only English 12,527 74.5% 11,671 798 4.2 73.9% No Speaks Another Language and Speaks English "Very Well" 2,536 15.1% 2,753 539 11.9 17.4% No Speaks Another Language and Speaks English "Less Than Very Well" 1,751 10.4% 1,371 437 19.4 8.7% No Total 16,814 100% 15,795 408 1.6 100% Yes
Asian/Pacific Islander (includes Hispanic/Latino) Speak only English 3,174 21.2% 4,407 511 7.1 26.6% Yes Speaks Another Language and Speaks English "Very Well" 6,301 42.0% 7,859 666 5.2 47.4% Yes Speaks Another Language and Speaks English "Less Than Very Well" 5,515 36.8% 4,297 469 6.6 25.9% Yes Total 14,990 100% 16,563 388 1.4 100% Yes
Other/Multiracial (includes Hispanic/Latino) Speak only English 4,090 18.0% 5,072 654 7.8 22.4% Yes Speaks Another Language and Speaks English "Very Well" 6,865 30.3% 11,350 1,483 7.9 50.2% Yes Speaks Another Language and Speaks English "Less Than Very Well" 11,727 51.7% 6,188 1,032 10.1 27.4% Yes Total 22,682 100% 22,610 1,652 4.4 100% No
Hispanic/Latino** (any race) Speak only English 2,836 8.8% 4,224 610 - 13.6% - Speaks Another Language and Speaks English "Very Well" 10,729 33.4% 15,919 1,349 - 51.4% - Speaks Another Language and Speaks English "Less Than Very Well" 18,563 57.8% 10,805 1,171 - 34.9% - Total 32,128 100% 30,948 0 - 100% - Coefficient of Variation (CV) = Percent of Variability ** The estimate is controlled by the U.S. Census Bureau. Reliable = CV < 5.00 Less Reliable = 5.00 < CV < 15.00 Not Reliable = CV > 15.00 A statistical test for sampling variability is not appropriate.
CPHD: Planning Division (Planning Research and Analysis Team) 7 2005-2009 American Community Survey: Language Age 2000 Decennial Census and 2005-2009 American Community Survey
Overall, the number of people speaking Another decreased in language share from 17.8 percent in 2000 Language at home and speaking English less than “very to 9.8 percent in 2005-2009. well” decreased from 29,793 in 2000 to 19,079 in 2005-2009. This decrease came from the 5-17 year Contrary to this trend, those 65 and older that speak old population, which decreased in language share Another Language at home and Speak English less than from 15.3 percent in 2000 to 8.5 percent in 2005- very well increased significantly from 1,520 in 2000 to 2009, and from the 18-64 year old population, which 2,144 (CV of 8.7) in 2005-2009. Figure 8: Age by Language Spoken at Home for the Population 5 and Over, 2000 and 2005-2009.
2005-2009 > 65 2000
2005-2009 18 - 64 2000
Age Groups
2005-2009 5 - 17 2000
0 25,000 50,000 75,000 100,000 125,000 150,000 175,000 Number of People Speaks English Only Speaks Another Language Speaks Another Language and speaks and speaks English “Very Well” English less than “Very Well”
Figure 9: Age by Language Spoken at Home for the Population 5 and Over, 2000 and 2005-2009.
Age Category Census 2000 ACS 2005-2009 Margin Statistically 5 - 17 Years Number % Estimate of Error CV % Significant? Speaks Only English 11,834 57.6% 12,298 595 2.9 60.1% No Speaks Another Language and Speaks English Very Well 5,575 27.1% 6,409 589 5.6 31.3% Yes Speaks Another Language and Speaks English Less Than Very Well 3,146 15.3% 1,742 485 16.9 8.5% Yes Total 20,555 100% 20,449 54 0.2 100% No 18 - 64 Years Speaks Only English 93,601 66.2% 110,012 1,438 0.8 71.1% Yes Speaks Another Language and Speaks English Very Well 22,575 16.0% 29,565 1,747 3.6 19.1% Yes Speaks Another Language and Speaks English Less Than Very Well 25,118 17.8% 15,193 1,198 4.8 9.8% Yes Total 141,294 100% 154,770 81 0.0 100% Yes 65 Years and Older Speaks Only English 14,377 83.5% 14,050 273 1.2 77.2% No Speaks Another Language and Speaks English Very Well 1,309 7.6% 2,008 296 9.0 11.0% Yes Speaks Another Language and Speaks English Less Than Very Well 1,529 8.9% 2,144 308 8.7 11.8% Yes Total 17,215 100% 18,202 64 0.2 100% Yes
Coefficient of Variation (CV) = Percent of Variability Reliable = CV < 5.00 Less Reliable = 5.00 < CV < 15.00 Not Reliable = CV > 15.00
8 CPHD: Planning Division (Planning Research and Analysis Team) 2005-2009 American Community Survey: Language Educational Attainment 2005-2009 American Community Survey
The 2005-2009 ACS examines the educational For those that speak only English at home, 76.3 percent attainment and language spoken at home for the had a Bachelors Degree or Higher, 12.2 percent had population 5 years and over. In 2005-2009, 68.8% of Some College, 8.1 percent had a High School Degree the population 25 and over had a Bachelors Degree or Equivalent, and 2.4 percent had Less than a High or Higher. Of this highly educated group, 81 percent School Graduate. For those that speak Spanish at spoke only English at home, 13 percent spoke Another home, 33.9 percent had a Bachelors Degree or Higher, Language at home, and 6 percent spoke Spanish at 13.7 percent had Some College, 16.4 percent had a home. For the population with less than a High School High School Degree or Equivalent, and 36.0 percent education, 30 percent spoke only English at home, 56 had less than a High School Degree. These data were percent spoke spanish at home, and 14 percent spoke not comparable with Census 2000. another language at home. Figure 10: Educational Attainment by Language Spoken at Home for the Population Age 25 and Over. Less Than High School High School or Equivalent 1,731 (10.8) 3,099 (10.0)
14% 3,772 (7.8) 20% 30% 21% 59% 56% 3,255 (9.9) 9,041 (5.1)
7,126 (6.6)
Total = 12,629 (4.6) Total = 15,395 (4.2)
Bachelors Degree or Higher 13,359 (4.3)
Some College 6,713 (6.1) 13% 6% 3,172 (9.7)
16%
2,717 (8.7) 14% 81% 70%
13,626 (4.2) 84,919 (1.2)
Total = 19,515 (3.4) Total = 104,991 (1.0)
Speaks English Only Speaks Spanish Speaks Another Language Note: Pie Charts are scaled approximately by their totals. Coefficient of Variation (CV) = Percent of Variability Reliable = CV < 5.00 Less Reliable = 5.00 < CV < 15.00 Not Reliable = CV > 15.00
CPHD: Planning Division (Planning Research and Analysis Team) 9 2005-2009 American Community Survey: Language Poverty 2005-2009 American Community Survey
The 2005-2009 ACS examines the Poverty status English at home, 15 percent spoke Spanish at home, and the language spoken at home for the population and 14 percent spoke another language at home. 5 years and over. In 2005-2009, 7.1 percent (13,419 with a CV of 7.3) of the population was determined to For those that speak Spanish at home, 12.9 percent be below the Poverty level. Of this group, 50 percent (3,924 with a CV of 12.9) were below the Poverty line. spoke only English at home, 29 percent spoke Spanish This compares with 5.0 percent (6,705 with a CV of at home, and 21 percent spoke Another Language at 7.0) of those that speak English only at home and 10.7 home. percent (2,790 with a CV of 13.7) of those that speak Another Language at home being below the Poverty In 2005-2009, 92.9 percent (176,490 with a CV of 0.8) line. of the population was determined to be above the Poverty level. Of this group, 72 percent spoke only These data were not comparable with Census 2000.
Figure 11: Poverty Status in the Last 12 Months by Language Spoken at Home for the Population 5 Years and Over.
For the Population 5 Years and over for whom Poverty Status is Determined
Below Poverty Level Above Poverty Level
26,419 (2.7)
3,924 (12.9) 15% 23,400 (3.9) 29% 13% 50%
21% 72% 2,790 (13.7) 6,705 (7.0)
126,671 (0.9) Total = 13,419 (7.3)
Total = 176,490 (0.8)
Speaks English Only Speaks Spanish Speaks Another Language
Note: Pie Charts are scaled approximately by their totals. Coefficient of Variation (CV) = Percent of Variability Reliable = CV < 5.00 Less Reliable = 5.00 < CV < 15.00 Not Reliable = CV > 15.00
10 CPHD: Planning Division (Planning Research and Analysis Team) Published and Forthcoming Reports
A series of 2005-2009 ACS 5-Year Estimate reports will be released in 2011. Below is a list of ACS topics and release months.
Overview (January 2011)
Households and Families (February 2011)
Age (February 2011)
Race & Ethnicity (March 2011)
Foreign Population (April 2011)
Employment (April 2011)
Education (May 2011)
Income (May 2011)
Poverty (June 2011)
Journey to Work (June 2011)
Housing (July 2011)
Once published, copies of the reports may be downloaded at the following location:
www.arlingtonva.us/PRAT
The Planning Research and Analysis Team (PRAT) is part of Arlington County Planning Division and is responsible for maintaining, analyzing, and disseminating information related to planning development and demographics.
PRAT staff are Robert Ruiz (Team Leader), Elizabeth Rodgers, and Andrew D’huyvetter. Department of Community Planning, Housing and Development Planning Division Planning Research and Analysis Team
2100 Clarendon Boulevard, Suite 700 Arlington, VA 22201 www.arlingtonva.us (703) 228-3525